Religions Continued

Spiritualism

• Spiritualism is a belief that spirits of the dead residing in the spirit world have both the ability and the inclination to communicate with the living. Spiritism, a branch of Spiritualism developed by Allan Kardec and today found mostly in continental Europe and Latin America, especially Brazil, has emphasised reincarnation.

• Spiritualism developed and reached its peak growth in membership from the 1840s to the 1920s, especially in English-speaking countries.[1][2] By 1897, it was said to have more than eight million followers in the United States and Europe,[3] mostly drawn from the middle and upper classes.

Spiritualism Beliefs• Although various Spiritualist traditions have their own beliefs, known as

Principles, there are some shared concepts: • A belief in spirit communication.• A belief that the soul continues to exist after the death of the physical

body.• Personal responsibility for life circumstances.• Even after death it is possible for the soul to learn and improve• A belief in a God, often referred to as "Infinite Intelligence".• The natural world considered as an expression of said intelligence.

Christianity• Christianity (from the Ancient Greek translation Χριστός, Christos of the Hebrew

Mašíaḥ, meaning "the anointed one"[1] and the Latin suffixes ian and -itas) is ,מ�ש��יח�a nearly always[note 1] monotheistic[2] religion based on the life and oral teachings of Jesus as presented in the New Testament. Christianity is the world's largest religion,[3][4] with approximately 2.2 billion adherents, known as Christians.[5][6][7][8] Most Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God, fully divine and fully human, and the savior of humanity prophesied in the Old Testament. Consequentially, Christians refer to Jesus as "Christ" or Messiah.

• The foundations of Christian theology are expressed in ecumenical creeds that are accepted by followers of the Christian faith. These professions state that Jesus suffered, died, was buried, and was resurrected from the dead in order to grant eternal life to those who believe in him and trust in him for the remission of their sins. The creeds further maintain that Jesus bodily ascended into heaven, where he reigns with God the Father. Most Christian denominations teach that Jesus will return to judge all humans, living and dead, and to grant eternal life to his followers

Christianity

Protestant– Rank Order • Baptist• Methodist• Lutheran• Christian (Church of Christ,

Disciples of Christ, etc.)• Episcopalian

Catholic• Holy Church– Vatican• Rome, Italy

Protestant vs. • Protestantism encompasses forms of Christian

faith and practice that originated with doctrines and religious, political, and ecclesiological impulses of the Protestant Reformation against what they considered the errors of the Roman Catholic Church. The term refers to the letter of protestation by Lutheran princes against the decision of the Diet of Speyer in 1529, which reaffirmed the edict of the Diet of Worms condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heresy. However, the term has been used in several different senses, often as a general term to refer to Western Christianity that is not subject to papal authority, including some traditions that were not part of the original Protestant movement; a "branch" of Christianity.[

Catholic • The Protestant movement has its origins in

Germany and is popularly considered to have begun in 1517 when Luther published The Ninety-Five Theses as a reaction against medieval doctrines and practices, especially with regard to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology. The various Protestant denominations share a rejection of the authority of the pope and generally deny the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, although they disagree among themselves about the doctrine of Christ's presence in the Eucharist. They generally emphasize the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) apart from good works, and a belief in the Bible rather than Catholic tradition as the supreme authority in matters of faith and morals (sola scriptura).

Protestant Religions differ in…

• Practices such as….

• Worship Practices– Services and Missions• Baptism • Communion• Diet and Alcohol (Abstention)

Christianity

Holy Church-- Rome Eastern Orthodox-- Constantinople

Christianity

Holy Church-- Rome Eastern Orthodox-- Constantinople

Judeism

• Menorah, Torah, Star of David

Judeism

• Judaism (from the Latin Iudaismus, derived from the Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός, and ultimately from the Hebrew יהודה, Yehudah, "Judah";[1][2] in Hebrew: יהדות, Yahadut, the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos)[3] is the religion, philosophy and way of life of the Jewish people.[4] Judaism is a monotheistic religion, with its foundational text, the Torah (also known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Mishnah and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God established with the Children of Israel.[5]

Mennonite and Amish (Anabaptists)

Amish by District

Menonnite and Amish by District

Mennonite and Amish (Anabaptists)

• The Mennonites are a Christian group based around the church communities of Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons (1496–1561) of Friesland (Swiss—German) (at that time, a part of the Holy Roman Empire). Through his writings, Simons articulated and formalized the teachings of earlier Swiss founders. The teachings of the Mennonites were founded on their belief in both the mission and ministry of Jesus Christ, which they held to with great conviction despite persecution by the various Roman Catholic and Protestant states. Rather than fight, the majority survived by fleeing to neighboring states where ruling families were tolerant of their radical belief in believer's baptism. Over the years, Mennonites have become known as one of the historic peace churches because of their commitment to pacifism. GERMAN- SWISS HERITAGE

Mennonite and Amish (Anabaptists)

• Beliefs

• Separation from the world.• Insistence on a church without classes or divisions.• Emphasis on the New Testament.• The church as a visible counterculture.• Belief that the gospel includes a commitment to the way of peace modelled by

the Prince of Peace. (Pacifism)• Plain Beliefs, Dress, Behavior of HUMILITY

• Bible as describing baptism as a public sign of this choice and commitment and thus argued against the common practice of baptizing infants. Because of this, they were called "Anabaptist," meaning "re-baptizers."

American Religions

• Mormonism (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints)

• Seventh Day Adventist• Scientology• Christian Science

Mormonism 1820’s

• Joseph Smith, Brigham Young• “The Burned Over District” and Utopian

Movemnts, New York• Illinois, Nuavoo, Salt Lake City, Utah

Mormonism

Mormonism

Mormonism Beliefs

• King James Bible and Book of Mormon• American Story- “updated”- “revealed” Bible”• Buried Plates– Joseph Smith• The Native Americans are partly the lost tribes

of Israel• The Garden of Eden was in America• Polygamy (ceased as a practice by most

Mormons and outlawed in the 1880s) (Pluralism)

Islam compared to Mormonism

• The religions differ significantly in their views on God. Islam insists upon the complete oneness and uniqueness of God (Allah), while Mormonism asserts that the Godhead is made up of three distinct "personages."[52] Mormonism sees Jesus Christ as the promised Messiah and the literal Son of God, while Islam insists that the title "Messiah" means that Jesus (or "Isa") was a prophet sent to establish the true faith, not that he was the Son of God or a divine being

Scientology Map

Scientology

• Who do you recognize???

Scientology

• Scientology is defined as a set of beliefs written by founder L. Ron Hubbard. Scientology describes itself as the study and handling of the spirit in relationship to itself, others, and all of life. One purpose of Scientology, as stated by the Church of Scientology, is to become certain of one's spiritual existence and one's relationship to God, or the "Supreme Being."[1]

Scientology cont. (optional)

• One belief of Scientology is that a human is an immortal alien spiritual being, termed a thetan, that is trapped on planet Earth in a physical body. Hubbard described these "thetans" in "Space Opera" cosmogony. The thetan has had innumerable past lives and it is accepted in Scientology that lives preceding the thetan's arrival on Earth lived in extraterrestrial cultures. Descriptions of space opera incidents are seen as true events by Scientologists

Scientology (optional) • Scientologists believe that an individual should discover for

himself/herself that Scientology works by personally applying its principles and observing or experiencing desirable results.[citation needed

] Scientology claims that its practices provide methods by which a person can achieve greater spiritual awareness.[3] Two primary methods of increasing spiritual awareness are referred to in Scientology as "Auditing" and "Training".[citation needed] Within Scientology, progression from level to level is often called The Bridge to Total Freedom. Scientologists progress from "Preclear", to "Clear", and ultimately "Operating Thetan".

• Scientologists are taught that a series of events, or incidents, occurred before life on earth.[4] Scientologists also believe that humans have hidden abilities which can be unlocked

Scientology (optional)

• The Bridge to Total Freedom• The Bridge to Total Freedom is the means by which

Scientologists undertake personal spiritual development. The bridge has two sides: "training" and "processing". Training is education in the religious principles of "auditing." Processing is the actual practice of "auditing."[7]

• [edit]Morals and ethics• Main article: Ethics (Scientology)• Scientology teaches that progress on The Bridge requires and

enables the attainment of high moral and ethical standards.[7]

The main Scientology text on ethics is the book Introduction to Scientology Ethics[1]

Scientology: L. Ron Hubbard

• The American science fiction author L. Ron Hubbard is considered the sole source of Dianetics and Scientology

Scientology (optional)

• Squirreling• The Church of Scientology has argued that

unauthorized distribution of information about Scientology practices will endanger mankind. The Religious Technology Center has prosecuted individual breakaway groups that have practiced Scientology outside the official Church without authorization.[

citation needed] The act of using Scientology techniques in a form different than originally described by Hubbard is referred to within Scientology as "squirreling", and is said by Scientologists to be "high treason".[19]

Scientology (optional)

• This story is the core belief in the religion known as Scientology. If the people Scientology tries to recruit knew about this story, I don't think they would ever get involved. This story is told to Scientologists when they reach a higher leveI. If the people in Scientology at the lower levels knew about this story, I don't think they would would stay on the Scientology hamster wheel. It is a road to total something, but not freedom.

Scientology (optional)

• 75 million years ago, there was an alien galactic ruler named Xenu who was in charge of 76 planets in our part of the galaxy, including our own planet Earth, whose name at that time was Teegeeack.

• All of the planets Xenu controlled were over-populated by, on average, 178 billion people. Social problems dictated that Xenu rid his sector of the galaxy of this overpopulation problem, so he developed a plan.

Scientology cont. (optional)

• Xenu sent out Tax Audit demands to all these billions of people. As each one entered the audit centers for the income tax inspections, the people were seized, held down and injected with a mixture of alcohol and glycol, and frozen. Then, all 1.4 trillion of these frozen people were put into spaceships that looked exactly like DC8 airplanes, except that the spaceships had rocket engines instead of propellers.

(optional)

• Xenu's entire fleet of DC8-like spaceships then flew to planet Earth, where the frozen people were dumped in and around volcanoes in the Canary Islands and the Hawaiian Islands. When Xenu's Air Force had finished dumping the bodies into the volcanoes, hydrogen bombs were dropped into the volcanoes and the frozen space aliens were destroyed.

(optional)

• However, Xenu's plan involved setting up electronic traps in Teegeack's atmosphere which were designed to trap the souls or spirits of the dead space aliens. When the 1.4 trillion spirits were being blown around on the nuclear winds, the electronic traps worked like a charm and captured all the souls in the electronic, sticky fly-paper like traps.

Scientology (optional) • The spirits of the aliens were then taken to huge multi-plex

cinemas that Xenu had previously instructed his forces to build on Teegeack. In these movie theatres the spirits had to spend many days watching special 3D movies, the purpose of which was twofold: 1) to implant into these spirits a false reality, i.e. the reality that WOGS know on Earth today; and, 2) to control these spirits for all eternity so that they could never cause trouble for Xenu in this sector of the Galaxy. During these films, many false pictures were implanted into these spirits, which resulted in the spirits believing in all the things that control mankind on Earth today, including religion. The concept of religion, including God, Christ, Mohammed, Moses etc., were all an implanted false reality that to this very minute is used to control WOGS on earth.

Scientology (optional)

• When the films ended and the souls left the cinema, they started to stick together in clusters of a few thousand and remained that way until mankind began to inhabit the earth. Today on earth all the spirits of these aliens have attached themselves to our bodies and are the root cause of the false reality that all but Scientology's OT 8's on earth experience. It is the job of all Scientologists to remove this false reality from the world by auditing each and every space alien spirit and human on earth to CLEAR not only this planet but the universe. For those who oppose Scientology and stand in their way like the LMT and all Scientology critics, Scientology promises to do away with them "quitely and without sorrow".

Scientology (optional)

• I have calculated that on average, each person on planet earth has 2,314 of these Body Thetans (BT's for short), Hubbard's term for the alien spirits, causing you and all mankind to be constrained by Xenu's false reality. The average cost for Scientology to OT 8 is a mere USD 360,000, meaning that each BT only costs USD 155.57 to clear. Now that is a bargain if there ever was one.

Sociology 1.30.14

• Finish and Turn in Notes and Observations on North Korea FRIDAY- Take some time to discuss it as Sociology.

• Unit 1 Introduction to Sociology• Part 4 Religion-- Introduction: • Handout– U.S. and World Religion Patterns

Sociology Unit 1 Intro to Soc. Part 4

• Religions- and other demographics

Poverty in America

2012 Election

2012 Election 2000 Poverty Map

Ancestry Religion

U.S. Religions: What pattern do you see? Ex. “Bible Belt”

World Religions

World Religions

World Religions

Sociological Themes in Religion (commonality)

• 1. Confession, Profession of the Faith• 2. A Pilgrimage- Religious Journey• 3. Giving Alms, Charity• 4. Acts of Humility (others)• 5. The Supernatural/Miraculous Events

Faith: The substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen”

• 6. Messianic Leaders• 7. Personal Sacrifice- Gestures, Signs of Humility• 8. Converts- Missions of Redemption, Penitence, etc.

World Religions

Islam: Followers are called Muslims

Sunni vs. Shiia

• Another difference between Sunnis and Shiites has to do with the Mahdi, “the rightly-guided one” whose role is to bring a just global caliphate into being. As historian Timothy Furnish has written,"The major difference is that for Shi`is he has already been here, and will return from hiding; for Sunnis he has yet to emerge into history: a comeback v. a coming out, if you will."

• for Sunni Muslims, approximately 90 percent of the Muslim world

• The Sunni branch believes that the first four caliphs--Mohammed's successors--rightfully took his place as the leaders of Muslims.

• Shiites, in contrast, believe that only the heirs of the fourth caliph, Ali, are the legitimate successors of Mohammed

• There are five duties that one must live by if one is a Muslim, these are often called the Five Pillars of Islam.

1.

• Shahada This is the main religious belief of all Muslim people and it is a declaration of their faith. The English words are;

• There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. Or as some muslims prefer... "There is no god but the One God" meaning there is only one God for all mankind. Anyone who says these words and means it can become a Muslim.

2.• Salah This is prayer. Muslims pray five times a day and follow a special ritual to do so. Firstly

they wash (wudu). This is a special process...

– Wash hands up to the wrist three times

– Wash mouth three times

– Wash nostrils, breathing in and out through the nose three times – Wash one's face three times

– Wash arms up to elbows three times

– Wipe head with wet hands, forehead to back, back to forehead

– The inside of the ears are cleaned with the wet forefinger then the back of the ears with the thumb

– Wash feet up to the ankles three times

– Raise one's face to the sky, pointing up with the index finger.

2. continued• The water must be pure, if there is no clean water symbolically, the

face and arms are just wiped with the hands. The prayers are all said at the same times each day:– Fajr- Morning, between dawn and sunrise

– Zuhr - Mid-day or early afternoon

– Asr - Late afternoon

– Maghrib - Evening, around sunset

– Isah - Night, before going to bed

3.

• ZAKATThis is about looking after other people. Each Muslim gives up a share of his wealth each year to provide for those less fortunate. The word zakat means to purify or cleanse. As the person gives up a share of his or her wealth they become cleansed from selfishness and greed. This money might be to provide education, keep up or build mosques or help the needy.

4.

• HAJJAll Muslims have a duty to try to make a pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in Makkah at least once during their lifetime. Very often whole families will save to send one person at a time. The men who make the pilgrimage wear an ihram which is made up of two sheets. They must not be sewn. Also they wear special open shoes. This clothing is a symbol of peace and obedience to God. The pilgrimage follows a set pattern.

5. • SAUM

This is all about Ramadan. The ninth month of the Islam calendar. It is special because it is when Muhammad (Pbuh) began receiving the messages from God. For thirty days Muslims fast, they do not eat or drink during daylight hours. It start when the new moon is seen at the start of the month and ends when the new moon is seen again at the end of the month. The fast is to remind them how difficult it is to be poor, hungry and thirsty in a hot place. It reminds them to thank God for his gift of the Qur'an. It also serves to make them think about the essentials and luxuries of life and so not be greedy.

During Ramadan…..9th Month, 29 days

• Obtain from Alcohol (All Times)• Do not eat in public• or 30 days. It is the Islamic month of fasting, in

which participating Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, smoking and sex during daylight hours and is intended to teach Muslims about patience, spirituality, humility and submissiveness to God.

Famous American Muslims

Famous American Muslims

• Ice Cube• Snoop Dog• Muhammed Ali• Kareem Abdul Jabar• Rasheed Wallace

Hinduism

World Religions

Hinduism

Hinduism

Hinduism

Hinduism

• The Caste System

Talaka

• In Hinduism, the tilaka, tilak or tika (Sanskrit: ति�लक tilaka; Hindustani pronunciation: [tiɪˈlək] tilak)[1] is a mark worn on the forehead and other parts of the body. Tilaka may be worn on a daily basis or for special religious occasions

Talaka

• The tilaka symbolizes the third eye, or mind's eye, associated with many Hindu deities, and the idea of meditation and spiritual enlightenment. The red dot or "Tika" represents the third eye. In the past, tilakas were usually worn by gods, priests, ascetics, or worshippers, but is now a common practice for most Hindus. It can express which Hindu tradition one follows

Hinduism

• The Caste System• Reincarnation• Sanskrit ( writing)• Karma• Yoga

Hinduism

• Prominent themes in Hindu beliefs include (but are not restricted to), Dharma (ethics/duties), Samsāra (The continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth), Karma (action and subsequent reaction), Moksha (liberation from samsara), and the various Yogas(paths or practices).[72]

Buddhism

Buddhism

• Zin Buddhism

• In America….Zin-Christian (Pacific Northwest) (Phil Jackson) (Buddha and Jesus)

• Combines Religious Philosophies

Buddhism

Famous American “ Practicing” Buddhists

• Here's some famous Buddhists: Add more if you can.

Brad Pitt Sharon Stone Richard GereKeanu Reeves Leonard Cohen Adam Yauch Uma Thurman Leonardo Dicaprio Ricky Martin Steven Segal Jet Li Harrison Ford Alanis Morissette Courtney Love StingTina Turner Oliver Stone Patrick DuffyHerbie Hancock Wayne Shorter Buster WilliamsLarry Coryell Susanne Vega Nestor TorresErnestine Anderson Laurie Anderson Kate BosworthOrlando Bloom Susan Blackmore Cora L. E. ChristianGoldie Hawn Becky Johnston, George LucasJennifer Lopez, Michael Stipe, Tina Turner, Mark Wahlberg Keaneu Reeves

Buddhism

• Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha (Pāli/Sanskrit "the awakened one"). The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.[1] He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end ignorance (avidyā) ofdependent origination, thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth.

Buddhism Movie

• “The Little Buddha”

Buddhism 563 B.C.

• Suffering: is Life. Disire is the cause of suffering, end desire and you end suffering. This is the highest level of enlightenment

Buddhism: The ‘Impermanence of Life”

The Dalai Lama

Buddhism

Clock Buddies

• 4 o’clock As the 4th Largest religion in the world, Buddhism has how many followers?

• 350 million• 7 o’clock What is the region on the China/Nepal border

that is the holy land of Buddhism• Tibet• 11 o’clock According to Buddhism, what is the cause of

ALL suffering?• Desire

• 2 o’clock Name 3 famous American followers of Buddhism

• …. Phil Jackson, Steve Jobs, etc

• 6 o’clock SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA, commonly known as the BUDDHA (Sanskrit for "the _________ ______").

• “Awakened” or “Enlightened One”

• 10 o’clock What other religion was Buddhism founded in?• Hinduism

• 9 o’clockBuddhist Sand Art symbolizes the I________ of life• Impermanence

• 3 o’clockThe Best translation for “The Teacher” is • Buddha

• 5 o’clockWhat river valley was the foundation of India and who migrated down from the Mountains?

• “Indus” and the Aryans”

• 12 o’clock What is the cycle of rebirth referred to under Hiduism (2 words)

• The Caste System

Clock Buddies Continued

• 8 o’clock What group is at the top of the Caste System• The Brahmans

• 2 o’clock What one’s position is in society as determined by the castes system is one’s….

• Darhma (influence by Karma)

• 1 o’clock Samsare, Moksha and _______ are personal and social reasons for doing your Darhma– It is what you do……The doer of good becomes good, evil becomes evil

• Karma