remember your grammar · 2011-07-21 · unit 5 50 remember your grammar modal verbs 1 read the uses...

Unit 5

50

Remember your grammar Modal verbs 1 Read the uses of the modal verbs and complete

them with words from the box.

1 We use can and to talk about ability.

2 We use should and to give advice.

3 We use can, could and to ask permission.

4 We use must, have to and to talk about obligation.

5 We use don’t have to, don’t need to and to talk about lack of necessity.

6 We use to talk about prohibition.

7 We use may, and could to talk about present and future possibility.

8 We use to express certainty in the present.

9 We use to express certainty in the present.

2 Now match the sentences (A–I) with the uses (1–9) in Exercise 1.

A It must be hard to have no best mates.

B You mustn’t wear jeans in class.

C Mum, can I go out with Julie tonight?

D Don’t make excuses! I can tell when you’re lying to me.

E I think you should apologise to Joe.

F She can’t know the truth. It’s a secret.

G Your parents might relax the rules if you show them how responsible you are.

H You need to send the invitations now or they won’t arrive in time for the party.

I You needn’t wear smart clothes – jeans and a T-shirt are � ne.

3 Look at the pictures and decide if the sentences are correct (✓) or incorrect (✗).

1 You can do anything if you try.

2 You don’t need to go to a doctor.

3 You needn’t be quiet in the library.

4 Drivers mustn’t go over the speed limit.

5 We don’t have to wear a uniform at our school.

be able to can’t may might mustmustn’t needn’t need to ought to

Cosmic B1+ GRBK SE UNIT 5.indd 50 1/8/11 5:30:02 PM

Unit 5

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4 Circle the correct answer.

1 Billy must / can’t be at home because his car is parked outside his house.

2 Sally needn’t / is able to keep a secret if you make her promise not to tell.

3 You don’t have to / mustn’t help your mum clean up, but she will be angry if you don’t.

4 If you like Stanley, you should / ought ask him to the party.

5 Joey, don’t forget you ought to / have to take the rubbish out before you leave.

6 We might / can’t lose touch when you go to university, but I hope we won’t.

7 Sue can’t / doesn’t need to be at Tom’s house. I’ve just seen her at the pool.

8 Should / May I leave the class for a minute, Mrs Marsh? I need a glass of water.

Past modals 5 Read the grammar notes about past modals and complete with in� nitive or past participle .

1 We use could and was/were able to + to talk about past ability.

2 We use should have and ought to have + to express regret or criticism about the past.

3 We use had to + to talk about obligation or necessity in the past.

4 We use didn’t have to and didn’t need to (whether the action happened or not) + or needn’t have (if the action happened) + to talk about lack of necessity in the past.

5 We use might have, may have and could have + to talk about possibility in the past.

6 We use must have + to talk about certainty in the past.

7 We use can’t have + to talk about impossibility in the past.

6 Match the halves of the sentences.

1 Tommy wasn’t able to

2 Susie ought to have

3 We had to

4 I needn’t have

5 They didn’t need to

6 Your car might have

7 Peter and Jane must have

8 The dog can’t have

A eaten all his food already. I only gave it to him a moment ago.

B walk until he was two years old.

C changed their minds about going away; their car is still outside.

D been embarrassed because nobody noticed me fall over.

E told the truth when her mother asked her about the stolen money.

F cook dinner because I cooked it for them.

G wear uniforms in our last year of secondary school.

H broken down because you never change the oil.

7 Match the sentences (1–8) in Exercise 6 with the uses (A–H).

A past impossibility

B past certainty

C lack of necessity in the past (the action didn’t happen)

D past possibility

E past obligation or necessity

F lack of necessity in the past (the action happened)

G criticism about the past

H past ability

See Grammar File, page 140


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8 Complete the sentences with the phrases from the box and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1 Dan (be) anxious about passing his Physics test because he didn’t revise for it at all.

2 Luckily, I (clean) up all the mess because my brother did it for me.

3 You (ignore) the red light; now that policeman is signalling us to stop.

4 Peter isn’t talking to Jennifer. I think she (accuse) him of cheating in the exam.

5 My best friend, Helen, (speak) three languages by the time she was twelve. Isn’t that cool?

6 Stella (move) out of the way because I had lots of room to get by. It was nice of her, though.

9 Look at the pictures and write sentences using the correct past modal.

1 Karen / buy / food / for the picnic

2 David / break / Zoe’s doll

3 Jake / sleep / at all last night

4 Mike / pass / his exams

5 Holly / complete / the puzzle

See Grammar File, page 141

shouldn’t have could needn’t have can’t have didn’t have to may have


Unit 5

53

Review your vocabulary 1 Choose the correct word, A, B, C or D, to complete the sentences.

1 the long run, the only way to succeed is to work hard.

A By C In B To D For

2 I don’t think he was ill at all. I think he’s just excuses because he forgot about my birthday.

A having C telling B making D spreading

3 You know, you really ought to up for Steven. He needs a friend right now.

A put C break B see D stick

4 I don’t think you should in the exam; it’s wrong and your teacher might � nd out.

A cheat C lie B lose D steal

5 Shannon felt left when everyone apart from her was invited to Ryan’s party.

A o� C out B up D over

6 Show your parents that they can trust you, and they might their strict rules.

A stop C tighten B relax D slow

7 I can’t believe Mr Hunter me to be captain of the football team!

A pulled C picked B saw D decided

8 From now , I’m going to study much harder at school.

A in C of B out D on

9 Do you like to go out with your mates your spare time?

A in C on B at D for

10 That big boy put his foot out and me up and I fell over!

A tripped C pulled B stuck D picked

11 You mustn’t lies or nobody will trust you.

A make C tell B speak D say

12 Can I give you a(n) of warning? Never be late for Mrs Johnson’s class.

A letter C advice B word D piece

13 Don’t be such a ! Leave me alone or I’ll tell the teacher!

A coach C gang B bully D colleague

14 They’re o� ering one month’s free at the new sports centre. Let’s go and join!

A relationship C partnership B friendship D membership

15 You must have made a mistake. I’m sure Billy would never call you ; he’s your best friend!

A insults C secrets B names D things

16 I wish I was like Katy – she’s so pretty and she’s the most girl in school.

A mean C interested B popular D proud

17 Trudy taking Paul’s MP3 player – she said somebody must have put it in her bag.

A denied C discouraged B refused D admitted

18 His rude comment resulted a punishment from his teacher.

A of C on B about D in

19 I think John must have a crush you because he’s always staring at you in class.

A in C on B out D with

20 We have the most fantastic living next door; they let everyone in the street use their pool.

A neighbours C � atmates B colleagues D gang


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Exam practice 1 Read the text and choose the best answer, A, B, C or D, for each gap.

How important is friendship?

When we are born, we are shapeless and unformed. Over the years, from birth to adolescence to 1 , there are many factors that will a� ect who and what we become in later life. Child psychologists 2 the idea that during the early years it is parents and other relatives that have the greatest in� uence on a child. However, in later years, especially in the teenage years, friends take over that role. 3 is important throughout everyone’s life, but perhaps it is most important in the teen years. You are a teenager. Can you imagine what it might be like not to have a best 4 ? Who would you go to when you were feeling 5 out and lonely? Or when someone, maybe the school 6 , has decided he doesn’t like you and is 7 on you or even spreading terrible 8 about you? And who could you share the good times with? Friends are people you have lots in common with – they understand you! Without a best friend, you wouldn’t have anyone to hang out with in your spare 9 – life could get pretty boring! Yes, we all need to have friends. In the long 10 , the experts are right. Our friends really do have a huge in� uence on who we are now, and, of course, who we will be in the future.

1 A neighbourhood B adulthood C childhood D fatherhood 2 A accept B ignore C deny D reject 3 A impression B friendship C commitment D membership 4 A ex B bully C mate D coach 5 A kept B set C let D left 6 A bully B teacher C colleague D � atmate 7 A sticking B picking C cheating D calling 8 A words B news C whispers D rumours 9 A days B hours C time D weeks 10 A walk B jump C run D step

2 Choose the correct word or phrase, A, B, C or D, to complete the sentences.

1 You take photos in the museum; it’s not allowed. A don’t have to C mustn’t B must D have to

2 ‘Do you know where Tom is?’ ‘He be at the social club, but I’m not sure.’ A might C should B can D has to

3 ‘ your friend Sam keep a secret?’ ‘Yes, of course.’ A May C Can B Must D Might

4 ‘Frank has a crush on me.’ ‘Really? You to go and talk to him.’ A ought C should B must D are able

5 You apologise, but it would be better if you did. A mustn’t C could B need to D don’t need to

6 ‘Hi Ms Crane. to Joe, please?’ ‘Sure. I’ll go and get him.’ A Should I talk C May I talk B Could I talked D Might I talked

7 You call your friends names. It’s not nice. A must C don’t have to B mustn’t D had to

8 You bring a gift to my party – unless you really want to! A needn’t C needn’t haveB can’t D could


Unit 5

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3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs and appropriate modal verbs.

Best friends? Susan and Joey had been neighbours for � fteen years. They 1 (know) each other for almost all of that time because their mothers often told them how they all used to go to the park together – even when the children were very young and 2 (not walk) yet. The two teenagers were always together and neither of them 3 (remember) ever � ghting. Today, however, Susan was very upset with Joey. ‘You should have called me when you found out you 4 (not meet) me at the park,’ she complained. ‘When Mum found out I was there by myself, I 5 (come) home!’ she added. Joey looked embarrassed, but then he said, ‘I 6 (not keep) our date today because there was something else I 7 (do). You know, Susie, there is something that you have to realise.’ He stopped speaking for a minute and then said, ‘I 8 (not be) with you all the time any more because I’ll be busy with other things. You ought to go out and meet new people.’ Susie stared at him and replied, ‘That might be a good idea, Joey. And you 9 (not come) with me to the park again. I can go by myself.’ Susie was miserable as she turned away. Her face brightened, however, when she heard Joey softly say, ‘Hey, friend, 10 (I call) you later?’

4 Choose the option which is closest in meaning to each sentence.

1 You needn’t have come to see me o� at the station, but thanks anyway. A It wasn’t necessary for you to come with me to the station, but I appreciate it. B It won’t be necessary for you to come with me to the station. C I will thank you if you come with me to the station. D You don’t have to come with me to the station if you don’t want to.

2 You must have been waiting in that long queue for hours! A The rules say that you must wait in the queue for a long time. B You have to wait in the queue for a long time. C Why did you need to wait in the queue for such a long time? D I’m sure you were waiting in the queue for a long time.

3 From now on, I won’t cheat in my exams. A I have never cheated in my exams. B I have cheated before, but I’m not going to do it again. C I will cheat in my exams today, but not after that. D I’m not cheating in my exams today.

5 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the � rst. Use the word in capitals.

1 You aren’t allowed to park here – it’s illegal. MUST You – it’s illegal.

2 It isn’t necessary for us to hand in our papers till Friday. HAVE We hand in our papers till Friday.

3 I can understand French, but only if you speak it slowly. ABLE I French, but only if you speak it slowly.

4 You should feel guilty about being horrible to Dan. TO You about being horrible to Dan.

5 I advise you not to be anxious about your appearance. SHOULD You about your appearance.

6 Tony has de� nitely forgotten about our meeting. MUST Tony about our meeting.


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6 Choose the correct word, A, B or C, to complete the sentences.


1 You shouldn’t be of Emma; you sing as well as she does. A jealousy B jealous C jealously

2 I knew I could on you – you’re the best! A depend B depending C dependent

3 You ought to stop Grant because you’ll upset him. A teaser B teased C teasing

4 You must be very of Pam being picked for the team. A proudly B proud C pride

1 I � nally managed to get Sue on the phone. ABLE I get Sue on the phone.

2 You should have told Tom that you didn’t want to lose touch with him. TO You have told Tom that you didn’t want to lose touch with him.

3 It wasn’t necessary for Paul to introduce me to Barb because I had already met her. NEED Paul introduce me to Barb because I had already met her.

4 I’m certain Carol stuck up for you; she’s your best friend! HAVE Carol stuck up for you; she’s your best friend.

5 She might be the most girl at school, but I don’t like her. A unpopular B popularly C popular

6 I’m not really in their conversation. A interesting B interested C interest

7 You don’t need to be because I’ll take care of you. A anxiety B anxiously C anxious

8 I know you’re so let’s do something fun! A bored B boring C bore

5 There’s no way Laura was with Seth last night; she’s been in Halifax for a week. BEEN Laura with Seth last night; she’s been in Halifax for a week.

6 It was necessary for all students to wear a uniform at that school. TO All students a uniform at that school.

7 I’m sure it was hard for him growing up without parents. HAVE It hard for him growing up without parents.

8 I don’t know for sure, but I don’t think you made a good impression on the other members. MIGHT I don’t know for sure, but you a good impression on the other members.

8 Read the article and think of the word which best � ts each space. Use only one word in each space.

True friendship As humans, we have many relationships and one of the best of those is friendship. What is the de� nition of a friend though? Does a friend have to 1 a star athlete or an A-student and be popular 2 all the other kids at school? Should they stick 3 for you, even when you have done something wrong like 4 a lie? Does a friend need to speak up 5 your behalf when you’re not there and 6 excuses for you even when you have behaved badly? Is that what a person has 7 do to be considered a friend? If that’s the case, you might 8 the wrong idea about what a true friend is. You see, a true friend is none of those things. Instead, a friend is someone who will always 9 your secrets and who will never 10 you names behind your back. Real friends are loyal and generous, and most importantly, they will never let you down!


Unit 5

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9 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in capitals.

How can sport bring people together?

It is common knowledge that sport brings nations together. On a smaller

scale, it also brings individuals together. Many 1 are made FRIEND

when you are part of a group. Whether it’s a club in the community or a

team at school, these groups can give people the 2 to FREE

socialise with others their own age. Some parents 3 their kids COURAGE

to get involved in sports so that they will develop team spirit and a sense

of cooperation. Others sign their children up for various sports because

they think 4 of a team might be a good way for them to make MEMBER

friends. It makes sense, really. Teammates see each other a lot; week after

week, they practise and play together. They also share 5 in FEEL

victory and defeat. Because of the 6 that is needed to be COMMIT

part of a team, many of these 7 , the ones that are formed RELATION

in 8 , could and often do, last a lifetime. CHILD

10 In each sentence one of the words or phrases underlined needs to be replaced by another word or words. Choose the word or phrase that needs to be replaced, A, B, C or D.

1 You can’t A be serious! Billy B wasn’t able to C came and see you D o� at the port yesterday? 2 We A should have B given Laura C more of freedom when she was D a teenager. 3 Karen ought A to B have pay more attention in class; that way she C might get D better marks. 4 You A shouldn’t to criticise Jan so much because you’ll B only discourage her from sticking C up D for herself. 5 He might A have B been spoken on C your behalf at last night’s club meeting, but I can’t D be sure. 6 Jenny must A be really pleased B with C for the marks she got in her exams, although I am a bit jealous D of her! 7 If your new computer breaks A all down , you B might have C to take it back D to the shop. 8 The coach A can’t have rejected my plan; he knows it’s the only way we B can C to win the D championship !

11 Choose the correct word or phrase, A, B, C or D, to complete the sentences.

1 ‘We come last Saturday, but we’d love to come this week.’ ‘That will be � ne.’ A shouldn’t have C weren’t able to B couldn’t have D can’t have

2 ‘I to email you last night because my computer crashed.’ ‘Don’t worry about it.’ A didn’t have C managed B didn’t need D wasn’t able

3 ‘A bully was picking on my friend.’ ‘You asked your teacher for help.’ A should have C must have B can’t have D might have

4 ‘That have been Grant we saw at the bowling alley last night.’ ‘You’re right. Grant is away on holiday.’ A mustn’t C needn’t B shouldn’t D can’t

5 ‘I had a terrible headache last night.’ ‘You have taken an aspirin.’ A may C ought to B couldn’t D needn’t

6 ‘Shirley a lie.’ ‘Yes, but you don’t know that for sure.’ A could have told C must have told B may told D should tell

7 You picked me up from the airport, but I’m pleased that you did. A can’t have C needn’t have B could have D should have

8 Sally very happy when her coach picked her for the team. A must have be C must have been B must be D must been


58

12 Read the text and choose the best answer, A, B, C or D, for each gap.

Real friends? Last week, during a Maths lesson, a 1

of mine named Frank leaned over and in a whisper asked me, ‘How many friends have you got?’ I looked at him open-mouthed and whispered back, ‘I 2 really be sure, but I’d say three or four.’ What I said must have been pretty funny because it 3 in Frank bursting out in laughter and both of us getting into a lot of 4 with the teacher! Eventually, I discovered that Frank wasn’t

talking about real friends, he was talking about Facebook friends. I have to 5 that when he told me about how 6 he was of his 155 Facebook friends, I didn’t know what he was talking about. I shouldn’t have told him that, though! Right away he started 7 me for being old-fashioned. He went on and on for so long about how Facebook was the thing , I almost 8 for being so ‘uncool’. A few nights ago, Frank was nice enough to help me get a membership on the Facebook website and I already have over twenty friends. I feel so popular! You should check out Facebook. A word of 9 , though – if your computer 10 , remember it’s not the end of the world. You do have real friends, you know!

1 A teammate B classmate C � atmate D shipmate 2 A can’t B shouldn’t C mustn’t D mightn’t 3 A caused B answered C resulted D ended 4 A damage B worry C trouble D pain 5 A admit B reject C deny D ignore 6 A happy B proud C guilty D mean 7 A encouraging B accepting C interfering D criticising 8 A accused B con� ded C treated D apologised 9 A warning B advising C meaning D telling 10 A sticks up B runs out C breaks down D hands in


1 Could you come and get me from the station? UP Would you mind from the station?

2 Vince’s silly excuses caused Rose to get very angry. RESULTED Vince’s silly excuses very angry.

3 Are you saying that I broke your favourite DVD? OF Are you your favourite DVD?

4 Can I tell you a secret about my best friend? CONFIDE Can I about my best friend?

5 True friends defend each other. STICK True friends each other.

6 Sammy, are you listening to me? PAYING Sammy, are you to me?

7 Joanie thinks her test results were great; she is very happy. PLEASED Joanie is very her test results.

8 Did your parents discover you got in late? FIND Did your parents you getting in late?


Unit 5

59

ReplyNew

14 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.

1 Your best mate never you when you try to do something di� cult. COURAGE

2 Tell me the – you don’t want to go out with me! TRUE

3 They had been friends for a long time and decided to set up a business . PARTNER

4 Julie, pay ; I’m trying to tell you something important. ATTEND

5 My and I have been living in this apartment together for three months. MATE

6 is a time when you have to make mature decisions about life. ADULT

7 He has always had a di� cult with his brother. RELATION

8 A word of , Enzo; never lie to me again. WARN

15 Read the email and think of the word which best � ts each space. Use only one word in each space.

Let’s chat! Work with a partner. Talk about things that you and your best mates did when

you were younger. Discuss …

• things that were (un)necessary for you to do.

• things you regret doing.

• things that were impossible for you to do.

Dear Julie,

Thanks for your email. I’m sorry that you’re having problems

with your best friend. I 1 totally understand why

you’re anxious 2 the situation. You said in your

email that in the past few days Sheila had started picking 3 you and telling you that she is bored 4

doing the same things all the time with you. You also mentioned

that you had just got the main role in your school play. I think I

might know what your friend’s problem is. She’s probably being

mean 5 you because she’s jealous of you. She could

be thinking that if you get too popular 6 all the kids

at your school, you might not have time to pay attention 7 her any more. Of course, your friend shouldn’t 8 behaved in the way she did, but if I were you, I

wouldn’t give 9 on her. Friends are hard to fi nd so

why don’t you fi nd a way to show her that you’re still interested 10 being her mate? Maybe you could invite her to

some of your rehearsals. I hope it works out for you.

Take care,

Agony Annie


remember your grammar · 2011-07-21 · unit 5 50 remember your grammar modal verbs 1 read the uses...

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