remko uijlenhoet hidde aart manuel tommy lotte hydrology and … groups/moxxi... · 2020. 7. 1. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Remko Uijlenhoet
Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group
Opportunistic sensing in hydrology:
microwave links from cellular communication networks,
crowdsourced hobby meteorological stations, cell phones
Hidde Aart Manuel Tommy Lotte
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(Victoria Roberts, 2000)
Dedicated vs.
opportunistic
sensors
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Rainfall measurements in The Netherlands
Room for opportunistic
sensors
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Rapid growth cellular telecommunication
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(identim / Shutterstock)
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(Victoria Roberts, 2000)
What are
opportunistic
sensors?
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Sensible heat flux causes fluctuations in
refractive index of air (scintillations)
(Photo: Ron Poot)
(Source: Wetenschap in Beeld)
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Scintillometer in Benin
(Guyot et al., 2009)
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Optical extinction caused by rainfall
(Lake Geneva; Berne, 2009)
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From optical extinction to rain rate
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Proof of concept
(Uijlenhoet et al., 2011)
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land surface
transmitter receiver
“aha-moment”: measuring evaporation
and precipitation with one instrument
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(Victoria Roberts, 2000)
Rainfall
monitoring
using
microwave links
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Research link Wageningen, 1999
May 29, 1999
Att
en
ua
tion (
dB
km
-1)
Rain
rate
(m
m h
-1)
(Leijnse et al., 2007)
(5 km link, Wageningen)
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“aha-moment”: there are (commercial)
microwave links (nearly) everywhere
(identim / Shutterstock)
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(identim / Shutterstock)
10 GHz 30 GHz
b in R = akb
a in R = akb
(Leijnse et al., 2008)
(Power-law R–k relations)
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1960s and 70s
Rainfall attenuates radio wave communication signals at millimeter wavelengths
(Hogg, 1968)
(Olsen et al., 1978)
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Holmdel, New Jersey, US (Bell Labs)
High-resolution rain gauge network (96 gauges over 130 km2 area; mean intergauge distance 1.3 km; time resolution 10 s)
18.5 GHz microwave link of ~5 km length
(Semplak, 1971)
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(identim / Shutterstock)
Microwave links from cell. comm. networks
Potential over poorly gauged regions / continents
Urban areas poorly gauged, but high cell phone density
(Overeem et al., 2013)
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Rainfall retrieval in Rotterdam
(Overeem et al., 2011)
(Overeem et al., 2011)
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Many more microwave links than gauges
Room for opportunistic
sensors
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Microwave links versus radar + gauges
(Overeem et al., 2015)
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Microwave links versus radar + gauges
(Overeem et al., 2015)
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(Victoria Roberts, 2000)
Crowdsourcing
urban rainfall
from personal
weather stations
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“aha-moment”: more personal weather
stations than official rain gauges
(De Vos et al., 2017)
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Netatmo tipping bucket rain gauge
(De Vos et al., 2017)
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Validation of Netatmo stations at Cabauw
(De Vos et al., 2017)
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Analysis for Amsterdam city center
(De Vos et al., 2017)
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Double mass plots (PWS versus radar)
(De Vos et al., 2017)
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(Victoria Roberts, 2000)
Crowdsourcing
air temperatures
from cell phones
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“aha-moment”: smartphones can be
used as (urban) thermometers
(Overeem et al., 2013)
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Daily mean urban air temperatures from
smartphone battery temperatures
(Overeem et al., 2013)
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Improved resolution for São Paulo
(Droste et al., 2017)
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Remko.Uijlenhoet
@wur.nl