renaisance architecture in france (duran)
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Architectural
Character
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Early Period (1494-1589 or 16
th
Century)
Classical Period (1589-1715 or
17th Century)
Late Period (18th Century)
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1494 1589 or 16th Century
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St. Eustache,Paris planned like
a five-aisled
mediaeval church
with apsidal end,high roofs, window
tracery flying
buttress, pinnacles
and deeply-recessed portals,
all clothed with
Renaissance
details.
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In Italy the principal buildings were erected in towns aspalaces for Popes, prelates and nobles; while theprincipal buildings in France were castles in the countryround Paris and on the Loire for the King and hiscourtiers.
In Italy the influence of ancient Rome is apparent in theclassical treatment of detail and ornament, while the
influence of traditional Gothic craftsmanship was morepronounced in France.
In Italy the predominant characteristics are statelinessand a tendency to classical horizontally, but in France thesalient features are picturesqueness and a tendency to
Gothic verticality. Early buildings of the period in Italy were principally
churches, while in France the chateaux for the nobilityare the early buildings are sufficient churches of themiddle ages already existed.
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Chateaux
A castle orimposing
country
residence ofnobility in old
France. Now,
any Frenchcountry
estate.
Renaissance Chateau NearTours
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1589 1715 or 17th Century
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Dignity, Sobriety, and Masculine quality of itsforemost buildings.
Resulting from the subordination of plan.
Composition and Detail of the unity of thewhole.
Charity and Simplicity with which the
elements were used.
Ornament, though somewhat coarse.
Vigorous.
Reasonably restrained.
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In the earlier part of the period brick is much
favoured as a building material, usually in
conjunction with stone or stuccco used for'quoinsand dressings and for'chaines which in lieu of
pilasters, rise vertically between the string-mouldings
and cornice so as to form wall-panels;
These often having central framed ornaments orniches or being in filled with patterned brickwork.
Quoins-In masonry a hard stone or brick
used, with similar ones, to reinforce anexternal corner or edge of a wall or the
like; often distinguished decoratively
from adjacent masonry; may be
imitated in non-load bearing materials.
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Windows grew increasingly large, and ride up into the steep roofs
as dormers, while stone mullions and transoms tend to give place
to wood.
There is much play with rustication, on the Orders themselves
when these appear; sometimes the orders enframe dormers, aswell as the windows aligned vertically below.
Roofs at first mostly are steep and treated in separate pavilion
units, and the 'Mansard roof of two different slopes is popular, but
as the period develops, unified pitched roofs or flat roofs become
increasingly common.
Chaines- (chain) vertical strips of
rusticated masonry risingbetween the horizontal string-
mouldings and cornice of a
building, and so dividing the
facades into bays or panels.
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Dormer
- A window in a sloping roof usually that of a
sleeping-apartment.Mullion
- Vertical members dividing windows into
different numbers of lights.
Transom
- The horizontal divisions or crossbars of
windows.
Mansard - A roof having a double slope on all four
sides; the lower slope being much steeper,
and flatter upper portion named after
mansart. Also known as a gambrel roof.
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The Orders figure much more frequently in the second half of the
period, normally superimposed in the typical French manner, but
with a little recourse to the giant order.
The orders become much more strictly classical in proportions
and detail than formerly, and this relatively simplicity of exteriordesign accentuates the contrast with interior decoration, which is
brilliantly profuse in fanciful scrolls, nymphs, wreaths, and shells
carried cut in stucco and 'papier mache.
Forms of ornament also consistently applied to furniture and
fittings. This was the great age of Renaissance architecture in
Place Des Vosges, Paris The Opera House, Cologne
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Scroll -An ornament consisting of a spirally wound
band, either as a running ornament or as a
terminal, like the volutes of the ionic capital orthe scrolls on consoles and modillions.
Nymphaeum -A room decorated with plants, sculpture and
fountains (often decorated with nymphs) andintended for relaxation.
Nymphs -Any group of minor nature goddesses
represented as beautiful maidens living in
rivers, mountains and trees.
Wreath -A twisted band, garland, or chaplet,
representing flowers, fruits, leaves often used
in decoration.
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Papier-mache - A material composed
principally of paper;usualy prepared bypulping a mass of paper(sometimes glue is
added) to a dough-likeconsistently and moldingto a desired form.
Maison Milsand, Dijon:
Upper Part of Facade
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Church of SaintAndrew's at the
Quirinal
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The Church of Saint Andrew's is a Roman Catholic titular
church in Rome, Italy, built for of the Jesuit seminary on theQuirinal Hill.
The church of Sant'Andrea, an important example of Roman
Baroque architecture, was designed by Gian Lorenzo
Bernini with Giovanni de'Rossi.
Bernini received the commission in 1658 and the church
was constructed by 1661, although the interior decoration
was not finished until 1670.
The site previously accommodated a 16th century church,
Sant'Andrea a Montecavallo. Commissioned by formerCardinal Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili, with the
approval ofPope Alexander VII, Sant'Andrea was the third
Jesuit church constructed in Rome, after the Church of the
Ges and Sant'Ignazio.Bernini considered the church one of his most erfect
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant'Ignaziohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant'Ignaziohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Francesco_Maria_Pamphilihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Berninihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini