Renaissance and Renaissance and ReformationReformation

World History World History

Define Renaissance Define Renaissance

Renaissance – Rebirth of classical ideas. Renaissance – Rebirth of classical ideas. The Renaissance was a time of creativity The Renaissance was a time of creativity and change in many areas – political, social, and change in many areas – political, social, economic and cultural. Emphasis placed on economic and cultural. Emphasis placed on the achievements of individual human the achievements of individual human beings.beings.

The Renaissance Began in ItalyThe Renaissance Began in Italy• Renewed interest in Roman Renewed interest in Roman

literature and life.literature and life.• Ruins of Roman empire dotted Ruins of Roman empire dotted

the Italian countryside.the Italian countryside.• Crusades and trade with the Crusades and trade with the

Middle East Brought Italians Middle East Brought Italians into contact with Byzantine into contact with Byzantine civilization.civilization.

• Increased trade brought wealth Increased trade brought wealth and wealth brought the leisure and wealth brought the leisure time to pursue other interests.time to pursue other interests.

• Byzantine scholars had Byzantine scholars had preserved much learning from preserved much learning from classical Greece and Rome.classical Greece and Rome.

• The Pope made Rome the The Pope made Rome the capitol of the Catholic Church in capitol of the Catholic Church in the West.the West.

HumanismHumanism• Define “humanism”Define “humanism”• Humanism – intellectual movement at the Humanism – intellectual movement at the

heart of the Italian Renaissance that heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects rather than focused on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues.on religious issues.

• HumanistsHumanists were usually Christians who were usually Christians who believed that the individual in the here and believed that the individual in the here and now had an important role to play.now had an important role to play.

• Education was important.Education was important.• Emphasis on individual achievement.Emphasis on individual achievement.• Emphasis on classical Greek and Roman Emphasis on classical Greek and Roman

texts.texts.

Italian Geniuses of Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art – Renaissance Art –

LeonardoLeonardo• Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci

(1452) – artist (Mona (1452) – artist (Mona Lisa, The Last Supper), Lisa, The Last Supper), inventor inventor ( helicopter, weapons, ( helicopter, weapons, music box, many more), music box, many more), architect, botanist, architect, botanist, musician, anatomy, musician, anatomy, optics, engineering.optics, engineering.

Italian Geniuses of Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art – Renaissance Art –

LeonardoLeonardo

La Giaconda: The Mona Lisa – Louvre Museum, Paris

Italian Geniuses of Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art – Renaissance Art –

LeonardoLeonardo

Helicopter

Italian Geniuses of Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art – Renaissance Art –

LeonardoLeonardo

TrebuchetTrebuchet

Italian Geniuses of Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Renaissance Art -

MichelangeloMichelangelo

• MichelangeloMichelangelo – – Italian painter and Italian painter and sculptor. Total sculptor. Total realism in art. Pieta realism in art. Pieta and David. Murals on and David. Murals on the ceilings of the the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.Vatican.

Italian Geniuses of Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Renaissance Art -

MichelangeloMichelangelo

The PietaThe Pieta

Italian Geniuses of Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Renaissance Art -

MichelangeloMichelangelo

The David – Florence, Italy

Italian Geniuses of Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Renaissance Art -

MichelangeloMichelangelo

Italian Genius of Renaissance Italian Genius of Renaissance Writing - MachiavelliWriting - Machiavelli

• Machiavelli Machiavelli published a book in 1513, published a book in 1513, The Prince. The Prince. Theorized about how a Theorized about how a perfect ruler would govern.perfect ruler would govern.

• Stressed that the end justifies the Stressed that the end justifies the means. Urged rulers to use whatever means. Urged rulers to use whatever means necessary to achieve their means necessary to achieve their goals.goals.

The Northern The Northern RenaissanceRenaissance

• Renaissance moved to France, Belgium, Renaissance moved to France, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.Germany and the Netherlands.

• Erasmus – Dutch priest and Humanist. Erasmus – Dutch priest and Humanist. Called for a translation of the Bible from Called for a translation of the Bible from Latin into the vernacular of each nation, so Latin into the vernacular of each nation, so that common people could read it. He was that common people could read it. He was disturbed by the corruption in the Catholic disturbed by the corruption in the Catholic Church and called for reform.Church and called for reform.

Genius Writers of the Northern Genius Writers of the Northern RenaissanceRenaissance

• William Shakespeare William Shakespeare – England. Playwright – England. Playwright between 1590-1613. between 1590-1613. Wrote about the actual Wrote about the actual human condition of his human condition of his time.time.

• Cervates – Spain. Cervates – Spain. Novelist. Wrote Novelist. Wrote Don Don Quixote.Quixote.

The Printing RevolutionThe Printing Revolution• Printing Press Printing Press – allowed – allowed

new ideas to spread new ideas to spread more easily. Spread more easily. Spread from China to Middle from China to Middle East to Europe.East to Europe.

• GutenbergGutenberg: invented a : invented a new type of printing new type of printing press. Used movable press. Used movable type.type.

• Books suddenly within Books suddenly within reach of ordinary reach of ordinary person.person.

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation• Selling indulgencesSelling indulgences - The Church taught that most Christians - The Church taught that most Christians

after death went to purgatory to suffer a time of punishment for after death went to purgatory to suffer a time of punishment for their sins before going to heaven. Indulgences were intended to their sins before going to heaven. Indulgences were intended to remit a part of that time. They were granted previous to death by remit a part of that time. They were granted previous to death by the Church for various good works that came to include the Church for various good works that came to include monetary offerings. This last became very controversial monetary offerings. This last became very controversial because it appeared that the Church was selling the right to because it appeared that the Church was selling the right to avoid all or part of an individual’s time in purgatory. avoid all or part of an individual’s time in purgatory.

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation• Martin Luther – Catholic Martin Luther – Catholic

priest in Germany who priest in Germany who ProtestedProtested the corruption the corruption in the church and in the church and proposed reform.proposed reform.

• Published 95 Theses.Published 95 Theses.• Was excommunicatedWas excommunicated• Began his own church – Began his own church –

Lutheran ChurchLutheran Church• Translated Bible into Translated Bible into

German.German.

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation• Anglican Church Anglican Church (textbook, (textbook,

page 351) – Protestant Church page 351) – Protestant Church in England.in England.

• Begun by Begun by Henry VIII Henry VIII in 1534.in 1534.

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation• Anglican Church (textbook, Anglican Church (textbook,

page 351) – Protestant page 351) – Protestant Church in England.Church in England.

• Begun by Henry VIII so he Begun by Henry VIII so he could divorce his first wife, could divorce his first wife, Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon..

Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation• Anglican Church (textbook, Anglican Church (textbook,

page 351) – Protestant page 351) – Protestant Church in England.Church in England.

• Begun by Henry VIII so he Begun by Henry VIII so he could divorce his first wife, could divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.Catherine of Aragon.

• Henry married Henry married Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn, , whom he had beheaded only a whom he had beheaded only a few years later.few years later.

The Church of EnglandThe Church of England• Between 1536 and 1540, Henry Between 1536 and 1540, Henry

had monasteries and convents had monasteries and convents closed.closed.

• When Henry died in 1547, his 10 When Henry died in 1547, his 10 year old son Edward became year old son Edward became king. He “ruled” only 5 years.king. He “ruled” only 5 years.

• Henry’s Catholic daughter Henry’s Catholic daughter Mary Mary I I came to the throne. Tried to return came to the throne. Tried to return England to Catholicism. Burned England to Catholicism. Burned dissenters at the stake. “Bloody dissenters at the stake. “Bloody Mary”Mary”

The Church of EnglandThe Church of England• Between 1536 and 1540, Henry Between 1536 and 1540, Henry

had monasteries and convents had monasteries and convents closed.closed.

• When Henry died in 1547, his 10 When Henry died in 1547, his 10 year old son Edward became year old son Edward became king. He “ruled” only 5 years.king. He “ruled” only 5 years.

• Henry’s Catholic daughter Mary Henry’s Catholic daughter Mary came to the throne. Tried to came to the throne. Tried to return England to Catholicism. return England to Catholicism. Burned dissenters at the stake. Burned dissenters at the stake. “Bloody Mary”“Bloody Mary”

• When Mary died in 1558, When Mary died in 1558, Henry’s Protestant daughter ElizabeHenry’s Protestant daughter Elizabeth th took the throne. She returned took the throne. She returned England to Protestantism.England to Protestantism.

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

• CopernicusCopernicus – – heliocentric theory. heliocentric theory. (page 357)(page 357)

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution• Copernicus – heliocentric theory. (page 357)Copernicus – heliocentric theory. (page 357)• KeplerKepler – mathematically proved Copernicus’ theory of – mathematically proved Copernicus’ theory of

planetary motion.planetary motion.• GalileoGalileo – suffered at hands of Catholic Church for preaching – suffered at hands of Catholic Church for preaching

the theory.the theory.

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution• Copernicus – heliocentric Copernicus – heliocentric

theory. (page 357)theory. (page 357)• Kepler – mathematically Kepler – mathematically

proved Copernicus’ theory proved Copernicus’ theory of planetary motion.of planetary motion.

• Galileo – suffered at hands Galileo – suffered at hands of Catholic Church for of Catholic Church for preaching the theory.preaching the theory.

• LeeuwenhoekLeeuwenhoek – Microscope/ – Microscope/ discovered bacteriadiscovered bacteria

• Hooke – cell theoryHooke – cell theory• Boyle – Father of Modern Boyle – Father of Modern

Chemistry.Chemistry.• Priestly – discovered Priestly – discovered

oxygen as an elementoxygen as an element

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution• Copernicus – heliocentric Copernicus – heliocentric

theory. (page 357)theory. (page 357)• Kepler – mathematically Kepler – mathematically

proved Copernicus’ theory of proved Copernicus’ theory of planetary motion.planetary motion.

• Galileo – suffered at hands of Galileo – suffered at hands of Catholic Church for preaching Catholic Church for preaching the theory.the theory.

• Leeuwenhoek – Microscope/ Leeuwenhoek – Microscope/ discovered bacteriadiscovered bacteria

• Hooke – cell theoryHooke – cell theory• Boyle – Father of Modern Boyle – Father of Modern

Chemistry.Chemistry.• Priestly – discovered oxygen Priestly – discovered oxygen

as an elementas an element• Newton – laws of physics and Newton – laws of physics and

gravity.gravity.