renaissance art & architecture the rebirth of classical ideas?
TRANSCRIPT
Renaissance Art & Architecture
The Rebirth of Classical Ideas?
Background & Phases
• 1050 – 1350– Population
growth– Economic
development– City – states
• 1200 – late 1500s– Artistic shifts &
achievement
Bellini: Sacra Conversazione
Intellectual Development: Humanism
• Glorify Human Form & Potential
• Revival of classical antiquity
• Individualism• Course of study• Secular focus
Titian: Assumption of the Virgin
Renaissance Italy
• City-States
• Power People– Medici (F)– Este
(Ferrara)– Sforza (M)– Doge (V)– Pope (PS)
Florence
• Commerce / Trade
• Banking: Medici
• Textile
• Patronage
Renaissance Art: Techniques
• Religious >> Secular subjects
• Realistic
• Perspective
• Movement
• Symmetry
• Proportion
Ghirlandiao: Adoration of the Shepherds
Medieval v. Renaissance
• Medieval– Flat– Religious– Static
• Renaissance– 3-D– Secular / Human focus– Movement
Ghirlandaio: Angel Appearing to Zacharias
Giotto de Bondone: The Mourning of Christ
• Florentine School * Fresco * Individuals
Massaccio: Tribute Money• Florentine School * Perspective * Realism
Sandro Botticelli: Madonna of the Magnificat
• Expression Botticelli Face Emotional
• Double focal points: Crown + Book
Major Artists: Ninja Turtles!
Raphael – Michelangelo – Donatello – Leonardo
Raphael: Pope Leo X with Two Cardinals 1518
• Vatican Murals Commissioned by Pope Julius II
• Leo X = Julius II successor
• Focal Point = Face
Raphael: The School of Athens• In the Vatican: Stanza della Signatura
• Blending of Greek + Renaissance
• Symmetry
• Perspective
• Depth
• Light
Leonardo da Vinci
• Renaissance Man– Multi-talented– Anatomy,
mechanics, art, astronomy, weaponry…
• China?
Leonardo: The Last Supper
• Fresco * Symmetry * Individual Expression
Leonardo: Mona Lisa
• Symmetry• “Sfumato”
– Blur – Blend– Mystery
• The Grin
Leonardo’s Notebooks
• Vetruvian Man
• Anatomy advances painting & sculpture
Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel• M = sculptor,
painter, architect• Commissioned by
Pope Julius II 1508• Scaffold, personally
completed• Old & New
Testament reflects the Renaissance Era
Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel
Renaissance Sculpture
• Classical Realism
• Free standing• Marble & Bronze• Full body, busts
& reliefs
Humanism & Individuality
• Individuality portrayed in details
Ghiberti’s Doors - Florence• 1423,
Florentine, he was only 23!
• Bronze cast + gilding
• 20 yrs N doors
• 25 yrs E doors
• “Creation”
• Realism
Donatello’s David
• Free standing nude
• Proportion of human form
• 5’ tall, After beating Goliath
Michelangelo’s David• Marble
• 16’ tall
• Details
• As David decides to battle Goliath
• Classical style, details
Renaissance Architecture
• Columns
• Arch
• Dome
• Harmony via proportion
• The Circle is key
• Math!
Church & Architecture• RCC
builds to draw people
• Tells the Biblical narrative
• Visual & Symbolic
Santa Maria del Fiore in Firenze
• Lily is symbol of Florence
• Firenze = Florence• 1296 > 1418 complete,
except for the dome…• Filippo Brunelleschi took
over, finished the “cupola” (dome) in 1436.
• Largest dome in the world when completed. Still largest masonry dome
Church Architecture: Florence
• Dilemma: Octagonal Building to Dome?
• Filippo Brunelleschi, 1418 figured out how to complete… ever decreasing circles with ribs to bear weight
• Scaffolding upwards
Brunelleschi’s Cupola aka Dome
Santa Maria del Fiore in Firenze
Church Architecture: St. Peter’s• Michelangelo hired by Pope Paul III in 1546… worked
until death in 1564
• Inside St. Peter’s:– High Altar– Nave Ceiling
• Roman arches
– Under Dome• Single
dome with arch support
Church Architecture: Bramante’s Tempietto• Renaissance
“Greatest Architect”
• Commissioned by K+Q of Spain: Ferdinand & Isabella
• St. Peter’s death site
• Doric columns + Roman dome, 15’ diameter
Northern Renaissance
• Erasmus• Scholar, writer
• Reconcile Christian character w/ Humanism
• Colloquies, Adages, new Bible
Northern Renaissance • Began in Flanders >> Holland
A. Dűrer – Hans Holbein (Young) – van Eyck
Northern Renaissance• A. Dűrer (G) 1471-1528
– Woodcuts– Mass Marketing
• Holbein the Younger (G) 1497-1543
– Portraits, Henry VIII
– Expressions • Van Eyck (Flem) 1390-
1441
– Oil Paint developer
– Realism possible
English Renaissance: Elizabethan Era
• G. Chaucer– Canterbury Tales:
Vernacular
• Sir Th. More– Utopia: Ideal place of
virtue
• Spenser– Faerie Queen: Ode
• Shakespeare plays– Comedy, tragedy,
morality
Renaissance Impact• Genius of humanity all at once… why?
• Changed art & architecture forever
• Individualism drives future thought