Renewable Energies for Transportation, Electricity and Energy Storage TechnologiesRenewable Energies for Transportation, Electricity and Energy Storage Technologies((Round Table 3)Round Table 3)

U.S. Policies and ProgramsU.S. Policies and Programs

John P. MillhoneJohn P. MillhoneRepresenting theRepresenting the

U.S. National Academies of Science U.S. National Academies of Science

Outline Outline

Renewable Energy Programs:Renewable Energy Programs:• Solar EnergySolar Energy

• Geothermal EnergyGeothermal Energy

• Wind Energy ProgramsWind Energy Programs

• Hydro Energy ProgramsHydro Energy Programs

• Hydrogen ProgramsHydrogen Programs

• Biomass ProgramsBiomass Programs

Transportation ApplicationsTransportation Applications

Energy Storage TechnologiesEnergy Storage Technologies

Solar Energy ProgramSolar Energy Program

Photovoltaics:Photovoltaics: Goal: Cost competitive with conventional grid electricityGoal: Cost competitive with conventional grid electricity Research: Innovative PV cells (organic, crystalline, photo-Research: Innovative PV cells (organic, crystalline, photo-

electrochemical)electrochemical) Hybrid concepts, e.g. PV-hydrogen generationHybrid concepts, e.g. PV-hydrogen generation Low-cost manufacturing techniquesLow-cost manufacturing techniques

Concentrated Solar Power Concentrated Solar Power

Grid IntegrationGrid Integration

Market Transformation: Solar CitiesMarket Transformation: Solar Cities

Wind Energy ProgramsWind Energy Programs

Presidential Presidential Advanced Energy Advanced Energy InitiativeInitiative Goal: Goal:Supply 20% of Electricity in Good Wind AreasSupply 20% of Electricity in Good Wind Areas

Program Areas:Program Areas: Large Systems: 500 kW and larger, grid connectedLarge Systems: 500 kW and larger, grid connected Distributed Systems: Smaller community and residentialDistributed Systems: Smaller community and residential

Research Activities:Research Activities: Rotor Advances: Blades, aerodynamic, aero-acousticsRotor Advances: Blades, aerodynamic, aero-acoustics Generator, drive train and power electronics Generator, drive train and power electronics

Applications: Site Selection, Zoning, Grid ConnectionsApplications: Site Selection, Zoning, Grid Connections

Cumulative U.S. wind capacity, by year (in megawatts [MW])

Hydropower ProgramHydropower Program

Advanced Water Power Technologies:Advanced Water Power Technologies: Wave and TidesWave and Tides Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents Hydrokinetic Devices Hydrokinetic Devices Marine Thermal GradientsMarine Thermal Gradients

Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues

Hydrogen ProgramHydrogen Program

Goal: Abundant, Reliable and Goal: Abundant, Reliable and Affordable EnergyAffordable Energy

Program Participants:Program Participants: Government, Industry, Academia and LaboratoriesGovernment, Industry, Academia and Laboratories DOE: Efficiency, Renewable, Fossil, Nuclear, ScienceDOE: Efficiency, Renewable, Fossil, Nuclear, Science

Research Areas:Research Areas: Hydrogen ProductionHydrogen Production Delivery and StorageDelivery and Storage Fuel Cells for TransportationFuel Cells for Transportation

Biomass ProgramsBiomass ProgramsGoal: Displace 30% of Gasoline Goal: Displace 30% of Gasoline

Consumption with Biofuels by 2030Consumption with Biofuels by 2030

Feedstocks for Biofuels:Feedstocks for Biofuels: Initial Focus on Corn-based EthanolInitial Focus on Corn-based Ethanol Broadening Scope to Other Biomass ResourcesBroadening Scope to Other Biomass Resources National Biofuels Action PlanNational Biofuels Action Plan

Research Areas:Research Areas: Cellulosic and Forest BiomassCellulosic and Forest Biomass Economic HarvestingEconomic Harvesting Processing and ConversionProcessing and Conversion Integrated Bio-refineriesIntegrated Bio-refineries Distribution and End UseDistribution and End Use

Transportation ApplicationsTransportation Applications

Presidents “Twenty in Ten” Goal for Presidents “Twenty in Ten” Goal for biofuels is to cut gasoline biofuels is to cut gasoline consumption by 20% in 10 yearsconsumption by 20% in 10 years

Research areas:Research areas: Hybrid vehicle systems and technologiesHybrid vehicle systems and technologies Energy storage technologiesEnergy storage technologies Power electronics and electrical technologiesPower electronics and electrical technologies

Energy Storage TechnologiesEnergy Storage Technologies

Energy Storage Pilot Projects: Energy Storage Pilot Projects: DOE-California Projects: Supercapacitors, zinc-bromine DOE-California Projects: Supercapacitors, zinc-bromine

batteries and flywheel technologiesbatteries and flywheel technologies DOE-New York Projects: Flywheels, sodium-sulfur DOE-New York Projects: Flywheels, sodium-sulfur

battery and lead-acid batterybattery and lead-acid battery Iowa Project: Wind and Compressed Air in AquiferIowa Project: Wind and Compressed Air in Aquifer

Integration of Distribution and Integration of Distribution and Transmission Transmission Smart Grid Smart Grid ApproachApproach

to Reduce Carbon Emissionsto Reduce Carbon Emissions

Presidential Candidates ViewsPresidential Candidates Views

Senator ObamaSenator ObamaRenewable Energy:Renewable Energy: Ensure 10% of electricity Ensure 10% of electricity

comes from renewables by comes from renewables by 2012; 25% by 20252012; 25% by 2025

Extend the renewable energy Extend the renewable energy Production Tax Credit for 5 Production Tax Credit for 5 yearsyears

Work with automakers to Work with automakers to ensure all vehicles are flexible ensure all vehicles are flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs)fuel vehicles (FFVs)

Senator McCainSenator McCainRenewable Energy:Renewable Energy: Rationalize the temporary Rationalize the temporary

renewable Production Tax renewable Production Tax Credits Credits

Accelerate the introduction of Accelerate the introduction of FFV vehicles FFV vehicles

Eliminate mandates, tariffs and Eliminate mandates, tariffs and subsidies for corn-based subsidies for corn-based ethanolethanol

Level playing field for alcohol Level playing field for alcohol fuelsfuels

Presidential Candidates ViewsPresidential Candidates Views

Senator ObamaSenator ObamaTransportation:Transportation: Provide a $7,000 tax credit for Provide a $7,000 tax credit for

advanced technology vehiclesadvanced technology vehicles Build 1 million plug-in hybrid Build 1 million plug-in hybrid

cars in America that are on the cars in America that are on the road by 2015road by 2015

Establish a low carbon fuel Establish a low carbon fuel standard; reduce carbon by standard; reduce carbon by 5% in five years; 10% in 10 5% in five years; 10% in 10 yearsyears

Senator McCainSenator McCainTransportation:Transportation: Clean Carbon Challenge; Clean Carbon Challenge;

encourage U.S. automakers to encourage U.S. automakers to produce zero-emission cars produce zero-emission cars with $5,000 tax creditwith $5,000 tax credit

Graduated tax credit for Graduated tax credit for vehicles with lower carbon vehicles with lower carbon emissionsemissions

$300 million prize for creator of $300 million prize for creator of improved vehicle battery improved vehicle battery package package

Presidential Candidates ViewsPresidential Candidates Views

Senator ObamaSenator ObamaElectricity Systems:Electricity Systems: Goal to decrease electricity Goal to decrease electricity

demanddemand Annual demand reduction Annual demand reduction

targets for utilitiestargets for utilities Decouple electric power Decouple electric power

companies profits from energy companies profits from energy usage usage

Invest in Invest in Smart GridSmart Grid technologies technologies

Senator McCainSenator McCainElectricity Systems:Electricity Systems: General support for improved General support for improved

energy efficiencyenergy efficiency Improvements in electricity grid Improvements in electricity grid

and meteringand metering Upgrade the national grid to Upgrade the national grid to

meet 20st Century demand, meet 20st Century demand, including capacity for electric including capacity for electric cars, cars, Smart MetersSmart Meters and and customer information customer information

Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention

John P. MillhoneJohn P. MillhoneRepresenting theRepresenting the

U.S. National Academies of Science U.S. National Academies of Science

For further Information, contact:For further Information, contact:john.millhone@verizon.netjohn.millhone@verizon.net