Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy

Dra. Sandra Cruz-Pol

ECE UPRMECE UPRM

Puerto Rico IP3 Test BedPuerto Rico IP3 Test Bed

Off-the-Grid Radars

are small radars that

can be deployed

within valleys and rural

places with no electricity

or internet connection.

OTG site based on Disaster

vulnerabilitdy model.

QPEDistributed

MC&C

Energy optimization

Wireless communications

Network Reflectivity Estimation algorithm

OutlineOutline

I. Renewable Energy in general

II. Solar-electric circuits

Basic principle of a Basic principle of a GeneratorGenerator Once upon a time …Once upon a time …Electricity => Electricity => magnetismmagnetism

Basic principle of a Basic principle of a GeneratorGenerator Once upon a time …Once upon a time …Electricity => Electricity => magnetismmagnetism• In 1820 Oersted discovered that a steady current

produces a magnetic field while teaching a physics class.

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Would magnetism would Would magnetism would produce electricity?produce electricity?

• 11 years later, and at the same time, Mike Faraday in London and Joe Henry in New York discovered that a time-varying magnetic field would produce an electric current!

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Faraday’s Law

How an electric How an electric Generator works?Generator works?

• http://www.wvic.com/how-gen-works.htm

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Many types of Renewable Energy

Hydroelectric PowerHydroelectric Power

• Converts water energy into electric energy

• Nikola Tesla invented the ac generator, and implemented it at the Niagara Falls

Ocean-kinetic EnergyOcean-kinetic Energy

Ocean Thermal EnergyOcean Thermal Energy

• Watch video

BiofuelsBiofuels

• Hibiscus

• Sugar Cane

• Sea algae

• Many others

Solar ThermalSolar Thermal

• Focuses the heat of the sun on a point, where it boils water. Vapor moves turbine that produces energy.

Solar PVSolar PV

• Solar panels directly convert light into an electric current.

Eco Urbana – Renewable Solutions

Water and Solar-electric system hidden on 2nd floor.

Estimated Cost for a PV system w/o batteries

Elements (6 panels = 1050 W) Cost

Panels ($785 each, $4.5/W) $4,710

Inverter ~$1/W (1500 W) $1,500

Installation ~$1.2/W $1,260

Materials electrics et al. ~$1.8/W $1,890

TOTAL FIJO ~8.5/W $9,360

$9360 / 1050 W = 8.91 $/WCredits: Dr. Agustín Irizarry-UPRM

Wind Energy: Wind turbines convert wind energy to electric energy

… if the wind blows.

Small windmill on the East of PR

kWh/day

$/day0.28 $/kWh

kWh/mo.

$/mo.0.28 $/kWh

kWh/yr

$/yr0.28 $/kWh

Electricity value

5%, 20 años48.8

$13.7

1464

$411

3800

$4,932

$62,276

Bornay Inclin 6000 W

($10,000+$2,000+$6,000+$5,000+2,000)=$25,000

$209/mo - 8%, 20 yrs, [10m height]

produces $202/mo.

Dr. Agustín Irizarry, UPR-Mayagüez

What’s going on around the…? U.S. – larger producer of wind energy Germany - larger producer of solar energy Spain – leader in solar/wind for over 20 years Hawaii – in 2050, 70% renewable! Japan – leader in solar energy Colombia – 75%+ hydroelectric! Norway, Iceland, Brazil … Finland – Spending $6 billion in 2006 to build

underground nuclear waste deposit from past 10 years. What’s the total cost?