renewable energy models for rice residues - snv vietnam
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Renewable energy models for rice residues - Potentials for Green Growth and Experience through SSC project by SNV Presented at the Forum Green growth in Agriculture: Potentials, Experience and Recommendations Hanoi, 31st October 2014TRANSCRIPT
Renewable energy models for rice residues -
Potentials for Green Growth and Experience
through SSC project by SNV
Forum Green growth in Agriculture:
Potentials, Experience and Recommendations
Do Duc Tuong Renewable Energy Advisor
Hanoi, 31st October 2014
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Climate Change – What we see?
3
Sea level rise
Drought
Flood
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Climate Change - Causes
ƩCO2
Global
Warming
Climate
Change
The main cause of climate change and global warming is the emission of Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other GHGs
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Climate Change - Causes
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Vietnam National GHG inventory for 2010
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Energy141,171 mil. tons
(53.06%)
Industrial Processes
21,172 mil. tons (7.96%)
Agriculture88,355 mil. tons
(33.21%)
Waste15,352 mil.tons
(5.77%)
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Source: “Capacity building for National GHG inventory in Vietnam MONRE/JICA (2010-2014), draft report May-2014)
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Based on the Decision 403/QĐ-TTg dated 20/3/2014 on National Action plans for green growth to 2020 (2014-2020)
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Based on the Decision 319/QĐ-BNN-KHCN dated 16 Dec 2011 on GHG Emission reduction plan for Agriculture 2020
GHG Emission plan for Agriculture by 2020 – MARD
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Title
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5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
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69
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Production
(Mil. Tons)
Farming area
(1000 ha)
Farming area Production
Source: GSO, 2010
Farming areas and Productivity of paddy rice from 2000-2010
Vietnam is the 2nd largest rice exporter in the world, producing each year more than 40 mil. tons of rice
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Annually, 32 million tons of rice residues is produced
32 mil. tons of rice straw
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Milling sector produces 8 million tons of rice husk/year
8 mil. tons of rice husk
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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What do farmers do with such abundant biomass
resources?
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Title Rice husk and rice straw are not used for cooking
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Title Because low bulk density fuels with traditional stoves create a
polluted, uncomfortable environment for cooking
1 hour of cooking tin such condition is polluted equivalent to smoking 400 cigarettes
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Title That’s why rice straw burning became popular practice
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Open straw burning causes: - Road accidents - Polluted environment for local communities
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Dumping of rice husk also causes: - Polluted energy sources - Stuck rivers and channels - Polluted environment for communities
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Open burning of husk at big mill in Le Thuy, Quang Binh June 2013
Dumping husk in Mekong delta few years ago
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
On the other hand…
As a result of the rapid economic development, the
primary energy consumption in Vietnam has been
increasing steadily.
It is forecasted that Vietnam will likely become an
energy importer by 2015, expecting to increase its
energy demand 4 times by 2030.
Energy balance of Vietnam to 2030
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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50
100
150
200
250
300
1990 2000 2005 2009 2015 2020 2030
(M
toe)
Coal Oil
Natural Gas Hydro
Nuclear Biomass
Total primary supply (TPS)
Energy shortage
Source: Do Duc Tuong (2012), from complied difference sources
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1. How to reduce GHG emission in rice sector?
2. How to increase renewable energy supply to increase energy security for Vietnam?
Converting rice residues to renewable energy !
One answer
Two questions worth to answer:
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Example 1. Rice straw thermal power plant in China
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First thermal power plant run on 100% straw Capacity: 150MW (150000 kW) Straw use: 220.000 tonnes/year Electricity prod.: 1.9 billion kWh/year
Source: Prof. Cheng Xu, CAU
1ha straw ~ 6000kWh (powering 60 homes for 1 month)
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Example 2. Straw thermal power plant in Denmark
• Straw is baled and co-fired in coal power plants in Denmark
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Example 3. Off-grid rice husk power plant in India
• Produce electricity from gasification of rice husk
• Use 300kg husk/hour to power 500 homes (6 hours/day)
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Title
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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RE models introduced by SNV in SSC project
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Title
Model 1. Straw baling system
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
1 person can collect 8 tonnes of straw/day
Capacity = 500 bales/day (~2ha)
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 1. Straw baling system
Convenient for handling, transportation, and storage
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This mini truck is loading 1 tonne of straw
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 1. Straw baling system
Convenient for handling, transportation, and storage
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 1. Straw baling system
Straw becomes a commercial product
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Title
Open-burning
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Title
Straw baling
• 1st installation: The Husbandry Breeding Centre in Quang Binh
• 2nd installation: Phước Hưng cooperative, Tuy Phuoc, Binh Định
Bố Trạch, Quảng Bình Tháng 5/2014
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 1. Straw baling – Results
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Technical training at Dai Trach commune, Quang Binh
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 1. Straw baling – Results
Rơm cuộn - Làm thức ăn cho trâu bò
Using straw bales in Quang Binh (demo only)
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 1. Straw baling – Results
Straw bale is used for mushroom production in Binh Dinh
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Mushroom yeilds increased 30% compared
to hand-cut straw
An Nhơn, Bình Định July 2014
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 1. Straw baling – Results
Principle: Rice husk is converted to briquette through
a press-crew system with heater, briquette is used as fuel
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 2. Rice husk briquette system
Environmental benefits: • Reduced open-burning of excess husk in big rice mills • Use briquette to replace coal and other fossil fuels
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 2. Rice husk briquette system
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High energy density
Low dust
Longer burning time
Much cheaper than charcoal and hard coal
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 2. Rice husk briquette system
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Ms.Tran Thi Quynh rice mill (briquette machines operated from July 2014)
Produced: 110 tonnes briquette Revenue: 130 million VNĐ Profit: 10 million VNĐ/month New jobs: 3 local jobs
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Model 2. Rice husk briquette system - Results
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove + biochar
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove + biochar
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Gasification is the process that converts solid biomass into combustible gases that could be conveniently used as clean fuel for heat and electricity generation later
Direct combustion Gasification
Primary air Secondary air
3 billion people are relying on tradditional biomass stoves 4 million people died each year due to indoor air pollution
(Source: WHO, 2014)
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove – WHY?
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
This woman in Quang Hoa village. She cooked in such polluted kitchen for most of her life
TRADDITIONAL COOKSTOVES = CHEAP FUELS + SMOKE, DUST, POLLUTANTS + INCONVENIENT + LONG COOKING TIME + LABOR-INTENSIVE FOR COLLECTING FUELS
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Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove – WHY?
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Many households are now having LPG stoves
LPG STOVES= CLEAN+ COMFORT
(but…. )
+ HIGH COST
+ CO2 EMISSION
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove – WHY?
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Rice husk gasifier stove provides Clean cooking and Biochar
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove – WHY?
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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• Biochar as by-product from rice husk gasifier stove
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove – WHY?
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Not use biochar Biochar applied
Source: Josiah Hunt, The Basics of Biochar : A Natural Soil Amendment
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove – WHY?
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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CO2
Biomass (living and death)
Natural growth and decay
of plants (incl. burning)
is carbon neutral:
C=
Fossil fuels Bio-coal
100 million years
( C- ) 100 minutes ( C- )
Used as soil
amendment
Burning Burning
200+ years of fossil fuels,
positive carbon emission:
C+
Carbon storage:
Negative Carbon: C-
C- Biochar into soil
Carbon storage for thousand years
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove – WHY?
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
49 Source: Dr. Paul Anderson et al.
Lab testing of different gasifier stoves in Vietnam
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Source: Do Duc Tuong, 2012
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove - Results
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
User preference workshops in Quang Binh and Binh Dinh 51
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove - Results
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Improvement and 3D designs for newly improved stove
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Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove - Results
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Mass-production of improved gasifier stove 53
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove - Results
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
54 High quality of production with modern machines
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove - Results
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
55 Improved gasifier stoves are produced
Model 3. Rice husk gasifier stove - Results
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
The new improved gasifier stove - finish product
Some features
• Long lifespan: up to 18 months
• Cooking time: 40-50mins
• Fuel use: 1.4kg/batch
• Inner combustion chamber is
replaceable, 1 year guarantee
• Better fan performance,
6months guarantee
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Developing a brand name for the improved stove
The new improved gasifier stove - finish product
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Setting up local shops and distribution network
The new improved gasifier stove - finish product
Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Xây dựng chuỗi phân phối
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Title
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Title
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Technical Challenges
• Rice husk briquette machines require daily maintenance
• Straw baling machine requires pulling tractor
• Gasifier stove requires high quality material + precise
manufacturing equipment
• Stove fan need electrician to repair
• GHG emission reduction for each model requires is
complicated. It must take into account lifecycle emission
(e.g: straw baling = diesel for machine, transportation, emission
during mushroom cultivation or CH4 in animal raising…)
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Implementation challenges
• Select suitable beneficiary (preferably private)
• Seek local co-funding from local government
• Technical training and technology transfer
should be smart and effective
• Should support business development +
finding customers in first stage (create market)
• Capacity building (local gov leaders) and
awareness raising for local community
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Scaling up Challenges
• Farming area or milling scale should be large enough
• Regional geographical/farming characteristics should be
considered (seasons, land condition…)
• Competition of resources (straw/husk in other uses)
• A must-do is to change local habits (field burning, straw
bale uses, biochar uses, briquette uses…)
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
Conclusion
• It is clearly seen that the RE-models are economically
feasible (economic GROWTH)
• Intensive baseline survey is required
• RE-models should be mainstreamed into Government
policies to seek inclusive support and strong funding
(The National Program on New Rural Development,
Large-scale fields…)
• In-depth GHG emission reduction assessment should be
carried (how GREEN?)
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Overview | Problems | Re. Energy models | Challenges | Conclusion
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Title
Thank you for attention!