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© Fraunhofer IWES
Renewable Energy Systems with Storage for Hybrid
and Off-Grid Applications: Sol-lon and further
Projects
Information day by dena
French Oversea Departments with Focus on Martinique and Guadeloupe –Hybrid-
und Off-grid-Applications
22nd November 2016, Munich, Germany
Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Niedermeyer, Fraunhofer IWES, Kassel
[email protected], Tel.: +49 561 7294 389
© Fraunhofer IWES
Fraunhofer IWES | Energy System Technology
Kassel
We offer solutions for sustainably transforming
renewable based energy systems
Personal: approx. 310
Annual budget: approx. 20 Mio EUR
Director: Prof. Dr. Clemens Hoffmann
www.energiesystemtechnik.iwes.fraunhofer.de
© Fraunhofer IWES
Fields of Expertise
Energy
informatics
Energy
informatics Energy
Informatics
Device and System Technology
Electrical Grids
Energy Process Engineering
Energy Economics and System Design
Energy Meteorology and Renewable Resources
© Fraunhofer IWES
New supply structure
Smart electric grids and
control systems for
wind energy
bioenergy
photovoltaics
electromobility
storage
Energy- and power-
management
Challenge:
Reliable Energy Supply using Renewable Energy
Sources
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Agenda
Introduction to Fraunhofer IWES, Kassel
Types and challenges of renewable energy (RE) based
supply systems
Examples:
Small scale domestic
Small scale hybrid
Larges scale hybrid
Large scale RE integration
Tools and services for system analysis and tests
Summary and conclusion
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Challenges for renewable energy based supply systems (Selection)
• Domestic PV, grid connected
• Small scale hybrid system / or
microgrid
• Large scale hybrid system / or
microgrid
• Large scale PV or wind systems
System Type
Proper system design (-> impact on
reliability and economics)
Off-grid / grid parallel operation
Grid impact, locally (voltage restrictions,
power quality, ..)
Grid / System impact on system level
(reactive power management, system
stability, power gradients, ..)
Challenges
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Example: Small Scale domestic system
Sol-ion Project – Partner and Objectives
Partner:
Funding
Partner and Funding
Objective:
Development of a PV-storage
system supporting local
consumption of locally
generated electricity
Contribution IWES:
System specification
System- and grid simulation
Economic analysis
Laboratory tests
Objectives
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Example: Small Scale domestic system
Sol-ion Project – Partner und Objectives
Number of 10' voltage events (U<195 Vac) for each phase from 7:00 until 17:00 each day at site SCI-Fleur
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
05.0
6.06
05.0
7.06
04.0
8.06
03.0
9.06
03.1
0.06
02.1
1.06
02.1
2.06
01.0
1.07
31.0
1.07
02.0
3.07
01.0
4.07
01.0
5.07
31.0
5.07
30.0
6.07
30.0
7.07
29.0
8.07
28.0
9.07
28.1
0.07
27.1
1.07
27.1
2.07
26.0
1.08
25.0
2.08
26.0
3.08
25.0
4.08
25.0
5.08
24.0
6.08
Day
Nu
mb
er
of
10
' e
ve
nts
eventU1L []
eventU2L []
eventU3L []
Typical generation
structures of island supplies
lead to problems in voltage
and power quality
Application of pv battery
system for improvement
Source: Tenesol, Sol-Ion Project
Source: EDF
© Fraunhofer IWES
Example: Small Scale domestic system
Sol-ion Project – Partner und Objectives
General Specification of the Sol-ion
Pilot System:
PV 2 … 5 kWp
Batteries 4 / 6 Modules
5 to 7.5 kWh (useable)
168 V to 336 V
20 years lifetime
Packaging
Fully integrated with batteries,
converters and HMI
one cabinet: 60*60*170 cm3 (425
litres)
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Example: Small Scale domestic system
Sol-ion Project – Results
Results from a field test*
* Measurement results for a sunny day in August (Mohring, Binder et al. (2012))
1. Consumption - battery
2. Consumption - grid
3. Consumption - PV and grid
4. Consumption - PV and
battery charging
5. Consumption - PV and in-
feed
6. Consumption - PV and
battery
7. Consumption and infeed to
grid from battery
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Example: Small Scale domestic system
Sol-ion Project – Research focus
Laboratory tests:
Reproducible investigations utilizing a PV- and a
grid simulator to characterize the system
Field tests:
Analysis of data from the field tests in Germany
and France
Economic analysis:
Determination of the optimal economic use of PV-
storage systems to maximize the local
consumption of locally produced energy
Research focus
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Example: Small Scale hybrid system
Health centre Darsilami (Gambia): PV+diesel+battery
PV: 3 kW
Diesel: 9 kW
Battery: 18 kWh
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Example: Small Scale distributed hybrid system
Pilot mini-grid Kythnos with distributed PV (Greece)
Frequency droop for
controlling PV and loads
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Example: Small Scale distributed hybrid system
Control approaches for microgrids
Control approach for microgrids
Model predictive control to derive cost-
efficient operation schedules for
controllable microgrid units
Self-synchronization control approach:
Realization of inverter dominated
networks using one or multiple battery
inverters as network builders
Selfsync® algorithm enables
synchronization of network builders
without communication
Load sharing among inverters using
droops
Selfsync® control concept
Efficient microgrid operation
Generation
and load
forecast
Operation
schedule
based on
optimizatio
n
Model
parameters
Set
points Hardware
or detailed
componen
t models
Feedback loop for current system state
Current
generation and
load values
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Example: Large Scale distributed hybrid system
Mega-Watt PV-Diesel-Storage System
System optimization and operation strategies for general applicable, scalable PV-
Diesel power plants in the multi-megawatt range to substitute Diesel generation by
PV
Consortium: • Fraunhofer
• SMA Solar Technology AG
• MWH Märkisches Werk
GmbH
• et. al.
Main components of the
micro grid system: - PV modules and inverter
- Battery system and inverter
- Diesel Genset System
- Powerhouse and micro grid
controller
Research focus: Joint operation of Diesel- and PV Battery Power Plants in the Multi-MW Range.
Source: SMA Solar Technology AG
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Example: Large Scale distributed hybrid system Example: Transient Load Switching in a Photovoltaic-Diesel-System
Example shows response
of a diesel generator set to
a load step in a micro-grid
(simulation)
In case of parallel operation
of several generation units
(diesel gen sets, PV
inverters, possibly storage
systems) transient load
sharing becomes relevant
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Example: Large Scale distributed hybrid system
Galapagos- Isabela island (PV + battery + diesel)
1 MW Diesel Gensets using Jatropha
1 MWp PV
3 MWh Battery
Expected start of operation: 2017
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Example: Large Scale RE Integration
Grid Impact Study: Wind/Diesel retrofit study for Greek
islands Typical system with
diesel stations and
15kV distribution
grid
Simulation with
PowerFactory:
- Load flow
analysis
- Investigations
concerning
power quality
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Example: Large Scale RE Integration
Grid Impact Study: Wind Integration on Les Saintes
Islands Les Saintes islands case study:
Objective: improve wind energy penetration
Considered aspects:
voltage rise and deviations, flicker, DG coupling/ decoupling, fault ride through capability, short-circuits.
new design and control techniques were applied in order to decrease the out of limit voltage and the high flicker level
impact of various wind turbine technologies was evaluated
Source: Project DISPOWER, Report “Distributed generation on European islands and weak grids” 2006. Chapter 6 “Increased penetration of renewable energies in the Guadeloupe power system” by Vergnet, ISET/IWES,EDF, ENSMP-CENERG, Uni Kassel ,
© Fraunhofer IWES
Tool for System Integration
Sizing tool for hybrid systems / microgrids
System sizes
Net present values and
cost savings
Component-specific KPIs
Energy flows
Operation hours
Cycles per storage
….
Standardized sensitivity
analysis
KPIs
Figures for power and
heat related energy
flows
Generator, storage and
grid specific figures
Energy flows for a week
Grid impact
Sensitivity analysis
Power distribution
Energy usage
Grid impact and sensitivity
analysis
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Testing of Solutions
Hybrid and Microgrid System Testing
Scope of Hybrid Test Facilities
Power system stability
Power system quality
Testing of transition between islanded
and interconnected operation
Testing of “Microgrid Controllers”, e.g.
operation points of generation units
system operation management
generation scheduler
load management
forecasting subsystem
Overall performance, e.g. energy
performance
(…)
Fraunhofer IWES SysTec
Medium Voltage (20kV) Test Grid and Hybrid System Test
Bench
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Fraunhofer Support for System Development
Make use of our experience
Power system design (control, components, EMS, communication, RE integration, distribution grid topology, forecasting tools, sizing)
Simulation of complex systems (software for dynamic analysis, libraries of components models, hardware in the loop, electrical battery model, reliability, optimization)
Developing innovative technology (energy converters for storage, renewable sources, fuel cells, electric vehicles, smart meters)
Testing power components (MW range testing facility SysTec, EMC lab)
Monitoring systems (performance, power quality, ageing of components)
Consultancy Service (Define the scope, Choose the lay-out, Detail the equipment)
Capacity Building (Education, Hands-on training)
Power system design
Development of innovative technologies
Testing Training &
Show Room
Monitoring
Simulation of complex systems
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Summary and Conclusions
Examples shown for
small scale domestic and village systems
small scale hybrid systems
large scale hybrid systems
large scale RE integration
Integration in existing power systems requires careful system analysis
For planning of systems future development (i.e. increase in load demand,
potential grid connection) should be considered
Fraunhofer IWES offers experiences, tools and test services for successful
project implementation.
© Fraunhofer IWES
Thank you very much for your attention!
www.energiesystemtechnik.iwes.fraunhofer.de/en.html
Contact:
Dipl.-Ing. Fabian Niedermeyer, Dr. Thomas Degner
[email protected] , Phone: +49 561 7294 389
[email protected], Phone: +49 561 7294 232