renewable energy wind energy liang li qing yu samuel marin calvo department of technology and built...
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Renewable EnergyWind Energy
Liang LiQing YuSamuel Marin Calvo
Department of Technology and Built Environment, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
VS
Traditional Energy
● Energy Crisis● Green House Effect● Acid Rain● Low Efficiency
Wind Energy
● Clean● Inexhaustible source ● Low Maintenance Fee
Uneven radiation from the Sun create air flow – this is wind!
Any object which has motion has kinetic energy.
Characteristics of Wind Energy
● Wind Speed -- The rate of the motion of the air in a unit of time, unit m/s, (Wind speed is divided into 17 classes).
● Wind direction -- The direction from which the wind is blowing. There are 16 azimuths used to indicate the direction of wind (S,SSW,SW,WSW,W and etc.).
●Wind energy density -- The amount of kinetic energy as wind flows through a unit area vertically.
Wind TurbinesHorizontal-axis Vertical-axis
Wind Energy Utilization
Wind power plants and wind pumping are two main utilization of wind power.
Wind Power Plant Wind Pumping
Other utilization of wind power: heating, sailing and etc.
Cost Calculation
The cost per unit of electricity generated, p, by a wind farm can be estimated using the following formula: p = CR/E + M
C is the capital cost of the wind farmR is the capital recovery factor or the annual capital charge rateE is the wind farm annual energy outputM is the cost of operating and maintaining the wind farm per unit of energy output.
Chapter 3
Wind Power of the world
3.1 Development and utilization of wind energy in China
3.1.1 Wind power generation
3.1.2 Wind farm construction
3.1.3 Future development and problems in China
3.1.1 Wind power generation
From 80s, the 50W-200W micro wind-power generator
Currently there are about 30 manufacturers of micro wind-power generators across the country
produce an annual output reaching 10,000 units total generating capacity of 17 MW now 140,000 units of this type of generator that
have been successfully applied
3.1.2 Wind farm construction
now 160 wind power generating plants in place with the maximum capacity of any single unit being 500 kW, total capacity 30 MW, and annual electricity generation approaching 80 GWh.
3.1.2 Wind farm construction
The Dabancheng Wind Farm in Xinjiang is the largest in China, with its installed capacity exceeding 10 MW.
At present, there are more than 10 wind farms being planned.
3.1.3 Future development and problems in China
Total installed wind power capacity to 30,000 MW by the year 2020
A lack of specialized
3.2 Wind Power in other countries
The European community set up a project to develop renewable energy in 2001, aiming to make electricity produced from renewable sources contributes 12% of the whole European electricity system requirements.
In 2002, total electricity production by wind was 32000MG, while the countries belong to the European Community accounted for 74% of the whole world.
Chapter 3 Advantages & Disadvantages of Wind Power
3.1 Advantages:
Renewable Decreased Dependence on Fossil
Fuels Reduces Greenhouse Gas
Emissions New Jobs & Economic
Development in Rural Areas
3.2 Disadvantages:
Transfer Geography Noise Required Land Space and
Competing Uses Killing Birds
INTEGRATION OF WINPOWER IN THE GRID
Integration of windpower in the grid
Problem of integrate large amounts of wind generated electricity:
The Grid: electricity balance
Variability of wind
Ways to reduce the problem of variability
Wind Forecasting
Storage
Distributed production and interconnection
Wind Forecasting
Makes wind energy more reliable
Reduction of the reserve capacity
Storage
Systems to storage electricity overproduction
Nowadays: hydropower (80%) and air compressed (75%)
Distributed production and interconnection
Distributed production:
Distributed production and interconnection
Interconnection: West Denmark
Annual Report 2004 [Online]. (Eltra) Energinet.dk, Transmission System Operator of Denmark, Fredericia, 2005.