Renewable potential in Gobi desert, Gobitec and Asian Super Grid Initiative

Yeren-Ulzii Batmunkh, Senior Officer, Ministry of

Energy, Mongolia

The 4th Northeast Asia Energy Security

Forum 2016

Seoul, December 15 2016

www.energy.gov.mn

Contents

Renewable Potential in Gobi Desert

Wind, Solar

Gobitec Initiative

Idea, Concept

Towards Asian Super Grid

Rationale, What is next

Concluding

Lessons to be learned, recommendations

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Solar – Solar: 270-300 sunny days in a year, 4.3-4.7 kWh/meter or higher per day

Estimated kWh/ m2/day Applicable land (km2) Total Power: GWh/year 3.4 5,269.5 654,000 3.8 3,924.7 544,000 4.1 4,210.6 630,000 4.5 4,514.8 742,000 5.4 5,541.9 1,092,000

Total 23,461.5 4,774,000 •Source: US National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Center of Mongolia

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Renewable Potential in Gobi Desert

Therefore after an estimation, 3% of the

Gobi area would be enough, which

includes around 1,3 Mio. km² to produce

more than 21.400 TWh of energy in one

year. Calculations existed, that this energy

production per year would have been

enough to serve the energy demand of the

whole world in the year 2008.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

and the US Department of Energy

estimates the overall potential for

installed renewable energy by 2,600

TWh, only for the Mongolian part of the

Gobi desert. This divides into 1,100 TWh

wind energy potential and 1,500 TWh

solar power potential per year.

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7

The DESERTEC Concept (for EU-MENA)

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The SEATEC Concept (for Northern Europe) European offshore super grid: Transmitting electricity through HVDC interconnectors within

Northern Europe Source: European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) 2009 / 2010

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GOBITEC and Asian Super Grid INITIATIVE

(NORTHEAST ASIA)

•9 •9 •Resource: “GOBITEC AND ASIAN SUPER GRID FOR RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN NORTHEAST ASIA” Report 2014

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•10

•Ази, номхон далайн бүсийн орнуудын хүрээнд эрчим хүчний нэгдсэн систем байгуулах санаачлагууд

2015 2030

126 159 257

310 406

506

69 103

RUSSIA

2015 2035

1708

2240

500

787

164

552 400

754

CHINA

2015 2035

111 129

185 152

101 129

86 92

JAPAN

2015 2035

67 76 94 93 43 39 40 49

KOREA

2010

66 45

DPRKOREA

2015 2035

3

9

1 3

0 0 1 2

MONGOLIA

COAL OIL NATURAL GAS ELECTRICITY

•Unit: Mtoe

•Source: ADB 2013

Currently, NEAsian region

use 1/5 and countries use

1/4 of world energy supply

Energy Demand Outlook

in NEA

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Road to Very Large Scale PV

MW-scale PV system : already ‘proven’

100MW PV system : now realizing!

GW-scale PV plant : within a decade!

Src: 'Potential of Very Large Scale PV Systems', Workshop on Super Grid in North-East Asia, Busan, Korea, 28

March 2013

GW-scale to ‘TW electricity’

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HVDC projects in Worldwide

HVDC technology is not new, there has been realized many projects

Troll

Nelson River 2

CU-project

Vancouver Island

Pole 1

Pacific Intertie

Pacific Intertie

Upgrading

Pacific Intertie

Expansion

Intermountain

Blackwater

Rio Madeira

Inga-Shaba

Brazil-Argentina

Interconnection I&II

English

Channel

Dürnrohr

Sardinia-Italy

Highgate

Châteauguay

Quebec-

New England

Skagerrak 1-3

Konti-Skan Baltic Cable

FennoSkan 1&2

Kontek

SwePol

ChaPad

Rihand-Delhi

Vindhyachal

Sakuma

Gezhouba-Shanghai

Three Gorges-Shanghai

Leyte-Luzon

Broken Hill

New Zealand 1&2

Gotland Light

Gotland 1-3

Murraylink

Eagle Pass

Tjæ reborg

Hällsjön

Hagfors

Directlink

Cross Sound

Italy-Greece Rapid City

Vizag II

Three Gorges-Guandong

Estlink

Valhall

Cahora Bassa

Sapei

Square Butte

Sharyland

Three Gorges-Changzhou

Outaouais

Caprivi Link

Hülünbeir- Liaoning

Lingbao II Extension

Xiangjiaba-Shanghai

BorWin1

NorNed

Apollo Upgrade

EWIP

IPP Upgrade

Itaipu

Source: Navigant Research, 2014

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HVDC projects in China

Guangdong

Fujian

Taiwan

Sichuan &

Chongqing Hubei

Hunan

Jiangxi

Heilongjiang

Inner Mongolia

Hebei

Henan Jiangsu

Shandong

Anhui

Guangxi

Guizhou

Beijing

Tianjin

Shanghai

Jilin

Gansu

Shaanxi

Shanxi

Qinghai

Xinjiang

Xizang

Ningxia

Liaoning

Zhejiang

Yunnan

Hainan Nuozhadu-Guangdong

800kV, 5000-6000 MW, 2015 Bangkok

NW-Sichuan (Baoji – Deyang)

3000 MW, 2011

BtB North - Central

1000 MW, 2012

BtB Shandong - East

1200 MW, 2011

Irkutsk (Russia) - Beijing

800kV, 6400 MW, 2015

BtB Northeast-North (Gaoling)

1500 MW, 2008

Goupitan - Guangdong

3000 MW, 2016

Russia

Jinghong-Thailand 3000MW, 2013

Ningxia - Tianjing 3000 MW, 2010

NWPG

NCPG

NEPG

CCPG ECPG

North Shaanxi-Shandong

3000 MW, 2011

Yunnan - Guangdong

800kV, 5000 MW, 2009

SCPG

Hulunbeir (Inner Mongolia)

- Shenyang

3000 MW, 2010

Xianjiaba – Shanghai

800kV, 6400 MW, 2011

Xiluodu - Hanzhou

800kV, 6400 MW, 2015

Xiluodu - Hunan

800kV, 6400 MW, 2014

(The year means project in operation)

Hami – C. China 800kV, 6400 MW, 2018

Humeng – Shandong

Humeng - Tianjing

800kV, 6400 MW, 2016

Humeng - Liaoning

800kV, 6400 MW, 2018

Jinsha River II – East China

800kV, 6400 MW, 2016

Jinsha River II - Fujian

800kV, 6400 MW, 2018

Jinsha River II – East China

800kV, 6400 MW, 2019

Jingping – East China

800kV, 6400 MW, 2012

Lingbao BtB Expansion

750 MW, 2009

Gezhouba-Shanghai Expansion

3000 MW, 2011

BtB China-Russia (HeiHe)

800kV, 6400 MW, 2015

750 MW, 2008

FarEast (Russia) – NE China

3000 MW, 2010

•China has accumulated huge experience for constructing the long distance HVDC lines

Source: Navigant Research, 2014

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The main goal of the Gobitec initiative and (Northeast) Asian

Supergrid is:

GOBITEC INITIATIVE

AND (NORTHEAST) ASIAN SUPERGRIG

- To build sustainable energy

infrastructure based on

renewable energy sources,

wherein electricity produced from

the vast potential of renewable

energy in Gobi desert and

Siberia would be transmitted

through HVDC Supergrid to all

countries of the Northeast Asia.

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GOBITEC INITIATIVE

AND (NORTHEAST) ASIAN SUPERGRIG

First study published in

2014; partners:

• ECS (Brussels)

• KEEI (Korea)

• ESI (Russia)

• MoE (Mongolia)

• JREF (Japan)

• Fraunhofer ISI

• Fraunhofer ISE

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GOBITEC/ASG system is composed of 4 parts ….

① Solar/Wind Farms for NRE Generation

② Collecting system for Generation Sites

③ Cross-border transmission system (ASG)

④ Connecting system to Each Countries

Conceptual

Configurations on GOBITEC+ASG

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ADB approved Technical Assistance to Mongolia:

TA name: Strategy for Northeast Asia Power System Interconnection

TA purpose: Prepare action plan and road map for power interconnection in the Northeast Asia

TA amount: $1.75 million funded by (i) Climate Change Fund, (ii) The PRC Regional Cooperation, and Poverty Reduction

Fund, and (iii)ROK e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund

Implemented period: 2016 to 2018 (25 months)

Second stage of the study

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Second stage of the study

TA activities Assess power systems and markets in NE Asia - conduct analytical

studies including political, economic, technical, institutional and legal

aspects

Conduct wind and solar resource assessment of Mongolia and develop

renewable energy capacity expansion plan for power export

Identify projects and develop investment plan

Initiate regional knowledge and investment platform that promotes

regional power interconnection participated by nongovernment

organizations, research institutes, and the private sector

Raise awareness and build consensus through workshops and

conferences in Mongolia, PRC, ROK, and Japan.

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- NEA countries are strongly pushing forward the large scale utilization of

RE power sources and has accumulated sufficient experiences for

constructing the long distance HVDC lines, particularly China, which are

very important basic for development of supergrids at regional level in

Northeast Asia

There are has been accumulated a huge analytical studies & researches

for development and construction of long distance transnational HVDC

Supergrids in Asia, which concludes that ASG is one of the feasible option

for energy integration and technology is proven and available

An important issue is that there is an increasing understanding about the

need to intensify high level policy dialogue among government of

Northeast Asian countries on energy connectivity and it’s economic and

financial benefits

To move forward

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Thank you for your attention

Main Information Sources:

• Gobitec and Asian Super Grid for

Renewable Energies in Northeast Asia,

2014

• www.gobitec.org