Repaso

Present Perfect Indicative

Remember that the past participles of these verbs are irregular.

abrir → abierto cubrir → cubiertodecir → dicho escribir → escritohacer → hecho morir → muertoponer → puesto romper → rotover → visto volver → vuelto

Compound forms of these verbs are also irregular; for example:

descubrir → descubierto

Repaso: Present Perfect Indicative

To form the present perfect indicative, use the present tense of the helping verb haber followed by the past participle of the main verb.

yo he hablado nosotros hemos habladotú has hablado Ud., él, ella ha hablado  Uds., ellos, ellas han hablado

If the stem of an -er or -ir verb ends in a vowel other than u, place an accent on the i in -ido.

     leer → leído          traer → traído

Repaso: Present Perfect Indicative

The present perfect indicative is used to say what has or hasn′t happened in a period of time up to the present or to talk about something that happened very recently. Use the present perfect indicative in Spanish when you would use the auxiliary verb ″have″ in English.

   No he hablado con tu suegra.       I haven′t spoken with your mother-in-law.

Use the preterite for past actions that are viewed as over and are not being connected to the present.

   Hablé con tu suegra ayer.       I spoke with your mother-in-law yesterday.

Repaso: Present Perfect Indicative

When an object pronoun is used with the present perfect indicative, it should always go before the conjugated form of haber. Unlike the present progressive, a pronoun cannot be attached to the participle.

     Florencia nos ha contado las buenas noticias.

     Me han invitado a la boda.