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CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition andNatural Resources 2008 3, No. 062 p 1-34

Review

Recent developments in the diagnosis and therapy of repeat breeding cows and buffaloes

G.N. Purohit*

Address: Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology andObstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science,

Bikaner 334001, Rajasthan, India.

*Correspondence: Email: gnpvog@yahoo.co.inReceived: 15 May 2008

Accepted: 15 July 2008doi:

10.1079/PAVSNNR20083062 The electronic version of this article is the definitive one. It is locatedhere: http://www.cababstractsplus.org/cabreviews

g CAB International 2008 (Online ISSN 1749-8848)

AbstractRepeat breeding (RB) continues to be a big problem forbreeders and veterinary clinicians. A brief mention is made

of the common aetiological and risk factors for RB in cattleand buffaloes, and the possible diagnostic and therapeuticapproaches are described in detail. Important diagnostictools could include rectogenital palpation, vaginoscopy,uterine cytology and the in vivo imaging technique of ultrasonography. When considering the most commoncauses of RB, vaginoscopy and palpation continue to be theonly diagnostic tools available to clinicians at manylocations, while by using ultrasonography, diagnosticaccuracy can be increased markedly, especially whendealing with individual cows or buffaloes. Contrarily, whendealing with herds, metabolic profiles and sampling to detectinfectious disease must be the clinicians choice. Of pertinentonsideration are the management regimens and feedingpractices. Despite the development of many diagnosticprocedures such as hormone assays, colour Dopplersonography, and hysteroscopy, diagnosing the cause of

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pregnancy failure in an individual cow/buffalo continues tobe difficult, as a proportion of animals demonstrate obscureinfertility. The choice of a therapeutic regimen depends onthe possible cause of RB. Recent advances in the therapy of

endometritis include the use of immunomodulators such asEscherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, use of eicosanoid PGF2aand therapy with enzymes with or without therapy withantibiotics, the use of which continues to be debatable. Thetherapy of ovulation induction in various ovulatorydisturbances includes regimens utilizing hCG, GnRH,prostaglandins and their combinations. It appears that RBanimals with aberrations of oestrus cycle do demonstratesuch ovulation asynchronies. Suprabasal progesteroneconcentration at oestrus is thought to be an importantcontributor of RB, but remediation of this is largely unknownalthough reducing stress appears to be a probable method.Luteal insufficiency can be resolved by administration of hCGand GnRH or progestagens. A brief mention is made of waysof improving management and insemination procedures.

Keywords: Cow, Buffalo, Repeat breeding, Diagnosis, Treatme nt