replanting vines using minimal fumigants · 2012. 6. 21. · michael mckenry, uc riverside. in 2006...
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Replanting grapevines using minimal fumigants
Michael McKenry, UC Riverside
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In 2006 my MBAO talk was:
Replanting stone fruits with minimal or no fumigation
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Hansens 536 Nemaguard
Apply Roundup to old trees and wait one year to replanton a different rootstock to mitigate the rejection component of the replant problem---- there was not a nematode problem at this site.
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1 yr fallow > MB
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Spring MS > fallow 1 yr
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Today I will discuss a vine replant site where there are rejection and nematode components to the replant problem
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Rootstock Field Experiment-San Benito Co.
Replant of Chardonnay with or without fumigation plus new
rootstocks(Larry Bettiga 1997-2002)
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A methyl bromide application
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\\kac\root\personal\MCKENRY\pre-p\\kac\root\personal\MCKEY\pre-plant
The Telone man of 1997
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Our drenching equipment for metam sodium
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110 lb/ac metam sodium in 3” water
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…for attainment of surface control of nematodes
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* = indicates a significant difference from the check at P = 0.05 according to Duncan's multiple range test.Fig. 2. Xiphinema index population associated with RS-2 grape rootstock 18 and 24 months after various treatments
0
4
8
12
16
X. in
dex
per
250
cm
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il
MB 1,3D/MS Fallow check
Treatments
18 months
24 months
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Nematode control value of nine rootstocks
1.annual soil samples from each rootstock2. Pruning data and yield data in the third and
fourth years
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Fig 5. Nematode population associated with 9 grape rootstocks 60 months after various treatments. * = indicates a significant difference from RS-2 at P = 0.05 according to Duncan's multiple range test.
0
10
20
30
40
50X.
inde
x p
er 2
50 c
m3
soil
RS-
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039-
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Boer
ner
6-19
B
10-1
7A
10-2
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8913
-02
8913
-21
Rootstocks tested
MB 1,3D/MS Fallow Untreated ck
* **
*
0
100
200
300
400
M. x
enop
lax
per
250
cm
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il
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RS-
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039-
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Boer
ner
6-19
B
10-1
7A
10-2
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8913
-02
8913
-21
Rootstocks tested
B
0
200
400
600
800
T. s
emip
emet
rans
per
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il
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Boer
ner
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B
10-1
7A
10-2
3B
8913
-02
8913
-21
Rootstocks tested
C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
P. h
amat
us p
er 2
50 c
m3
soil
RS-
2
RS-
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Boer
ner
6-19
B
10-1
7A
10-2
3B
8913
-02
8913
-21
Rootstocks tested
D
A
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Chardonnay pruning weights (kg/vine) from nine rootstocks in 2001 + 2002
0
0.51
1.52
2.5
33.5
8913-02RS-38913-2110-23B039-1610-17ABoernerRS-26-19B
TeloneMBuntreated
a a
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aa
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Chardonnay yield (kg/vine) of nine rootstocks in 2001 + 2002
0
5
10
15
20
25
8913-02RS-38913-2110-23B039-1610-17ABoernerRS-26-19B
TeloneMBuntreateda
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
a a
a
b
aa
a a
a
aa
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What is the future of this vineyard?
• 5% of California vineyards have Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus, similar to this test site.
• Two of the 9 rootstocks provided tolerance to GFLV, 039-16 and RS-3. Meanwhile Boernerprovided some tolerance and 10-17A exhibited some tolerance as it aged.
• RS-3 and 10-17A provide broad nematode resistance.
• 10-17A and O39-16 provided tolerance to the rejection component of the replant problem.
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Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus can kill some rootstocks….
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…or provide various leaf patterns at 3 or 4 years after planting
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A new rootstock with X. index resistance but no GFLV tolerance
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Symptom expression may include zig zag design along branches
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Boerner Rootstock in non fumigated soil after 4 years
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The Replant Problem of tree or vine crops can be managed by:
“Starve existing soil ecosystem, replant different parentage”
We need more rootstock choices than we currently have!
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Table 1. Rootstock responses to selected soil-borne problemsPest-Disease Problem Harmony Freedom O39-16 RS-3 RS-9 10-17A
Meloidogyne spp R R S R R Raggressive Meloidogyne spp HS HS S R R RPratylenchus vulnus S MR S R R RTylenchulus semipenetrans S S S ss ss ssXiphinema americanum S S S S S SXiphinema index R R R MR R RMesocriconema xenoplax S S S MR S SParatylenchus hamatus S S S R R SRejection component, RP S S T? S S T?Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus IT IT T T ? IT