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Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
Replication of Replication of Surabaya’s Surabaya’s
Composting PracticesComposting PracticesComposting Practices:Composting Practices:A main activity of the A main activity of the Kitakyushu Initiative Kitakyushu Initiative
JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011Toshizo Maeda, IGES Kitakyushu Urban Centre
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
BackgroundBackground(Photo courtesy of PKK Surabaya)
Status in 2001
Social and Economic Benefits of Organic Waste Composting:Waste Composting: Actions for 10% waste reduction
New Benowo Landfill: 800 scavengers; 35km from city centre;
d d b f h d d d f d h hSurrounded by fish ponds; demand for waste reduction is high
Current Status
Keputih Final disposal site was closed in 2001 due to
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opposition by residents. Waste filled the streets and drains.
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Waste Composition in SurabayaWaste Composition in Surabaya
Organic waste shares more than half (as much as 70
8%PlasticOthers
than half (as much as 70-80%) of total amount of waste
generation
Social and Economic Benefits of Organic Waste Composting:8%
8%8%
Paper
Plastic
Prioritize reduction of Waste Composting: Actions for 10% waste reduction
55%13%
8%Paperorganic waste
55%13%Organic
Street sweeping
Promote compostingA) at each household
10%
Woods/bamboo
B) at composting centres
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Woods/bambooSource: KITA (2002)
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Inputs by the city *Map copied from El Sena, Surabaya, Indonesia
Composting Centre
Inputs by the city p p f y
Figure‐7 Location of composting centres in Surabaya
15 composting centres
in Surabaya City
Sumber Rejo
in Surabaya City
Romokalisari(Benowo)
Bibis KarahKepturan
W j
Bratang
Kejawan PutihSonokwijenan Menur
Wonorejo
Putat Jaya
Tenggilis Timur
Tenggilis Utara
Rungkut Asri
PUSDAKOTA
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/
GayungsariPUSDAKOTA
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
(Data source: Cleansing and Landscaping Dept., Surabaya)Inputs by the city ( g p g p , y )Inputs by the city
25,00040
14,752 17,033
15,000
20,000
30
35 Total number of householdcompost baskets distributed for free by Surabaya City
4,921
10,174
5 000
10,000
,
25
30 for free by Surabaya City
1315 15
2,603
0
5,000
15
20
Number of
6
1113
-10,000
-5,000
10
15 Number of composting centres
4 5 6
20 000
-15,000
0
5
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-20,00001996-2004
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
OUTPUT: WASTE REDUCTION* Note: Benowo is the only final disposal site in Surabaya City.
OUTPUT: WASTE REDUCTION (Data source: Cleansing and Landscaping Department, Surabaya)
1 500t/day1 500t/day
Average daily amount of waste disposed at Benowo Landfill* in Surabaya, 2004‐2009
1 400
1,600
1,500t/day
or more
1,500t/day
or more1,300t/day (2007)1,300t/day (2007)
1,150t/day (2008)1,150t/day (2008)
1 000t/day (2009)1 000t/day (2009)
[t/day]
1 000
1,200
1,400 1,000t/day (2009)1,000t/day (2009)
600
800
1,000
20% reduction in 4 years!20% reduction in 4 years!
200
400
600 20% reduction in 4 years!20% reduction in 4 years!
30% reduction in 5 years!!30% reduction in 5 years!!
-
200
004
005
006
Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
rM
ay Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
rM
ay Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec Jan
Feb
Mar Ap
rM
ay Jun
Jul
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 6
20 20 20 J F M A M J A S O N D J F M A M J A S O N D J F M A M J
2007 20092008
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Output: waste reductionOutput: waste reduction1 tonne of composting reduces
additional 1 2 tonnes of dry waste
1 tonne of composting reduces
additional 1 2 tonnes of dry waste
(Data source: Cleansing and Landscaping Department, Surabaya))
500t/d
Reuse and Recycling of other dry waste
additional 1‐2 tonnes of dry waste. additional 1‐2 tonnes of dry waste.
350t/d
200t/d
Composting at each household:17,000 units distributed for free by Surabaya City 27,000 cadres train 3 household each (=81,000 hhs) (assumption)1 300 units of a communal type distributed by Surabaya City
350t/d
120t/d
200t/d 1,300 units of a communal type distributed by Surabaya City, which caters for about 5 households each (= 6,500 households)
100,000 households x 1kg/day/household 100t/day
235t/d
100t/d40t/d40t/d
Composting at 15 composting centres:Cleansing Department: 14 composting centres, 50t/d (= 100m3/d)PUSDAKOTA (NGO): 1 composting centre, 1.4t/d
2007 2008 2009
70t/d100t/d
45t/d 50t/d
100t/d reduction by household composting,
50t/d reduction at composting centres
100t/d reduction by household composting,
50t/d reduction at composting centres Remaining 120t/d (2007) – 350t/d (2009)Remaining 120t/d (2007) – 350t/d (2009)
2007 2008 2009
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50t/d reduction at composting centres,
Composting capacity: 150t/day
50t/d reduction at composting centres,
Composting capacity: 150t/day
Remaining 120t/d (2007) 350t/d (2009)
reduction by Reuse and Recycling.
Remaining 120t/d (2007) 350t/d (2009)
reduction by Reuse and Recycling.
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Social and environmental benefitsSocial and environmental benefits
Better household Better household
environmentenvironment
Greener and
cleaner streets
Greener and
cleaner streets
Environmental
education tools
Environmental
education tools
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education toolseducation tools
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Social and environmental benefitsSocial and environmental benefits
EmploymentEmployment Production of herbs and vegetables using compostProduction of herbs and vegetables using compostEmploymentEmployment Production of herbs and vegetables using compost Production of herbs and vegetables using compost
Income byIncome by
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Waste segregation and promotion of recyclingWaste segregation and promotion of recyclingselling compostselling compost
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Main StakeholdersMain Stakeholders
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A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Surabaya’s successful solid waste management modelSurabaya’s successful solid waste management model
Step 1.
Development of a model community,
f 2004 2006from 2004 to 2006:
Cooperation between KitakyushuCooperation between Kitakyushu International Techno‐cooperative Agency
(KITA) and Pusdakota (a local NGO),
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A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Starting a model projectStarting a model project (photo courtesy of KITA)
Waste composition survey Shredding of waste Mixing with seed compost
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Temperature measurement Fermentation and pH testsExplaining how to use baskets
to residents
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Development of a model community (Pusdakota (NGO)’s activity)Development of a model community (Pusdakota (NGO) s activity)
Segregated waste collectionSegregated waste collectionfrom the community FermentationShredding at the composting centre
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Household compost basket Selling compost Green streets using compost
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Achievements by KITA’s interventionAchievements by KITA s intervention(photo courtesy of KITA)
PUSDAKOTA’s compost centre: before and after KITA’s intervention
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A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Surabaya’s successful solid waste management modelSurabaya’s successful solid waste management model
Step 2.
Scaling up the model projectScaling up the model project
by the City Government,
from 2005 – 2011:
Setting up composting centres
Distributing compost baskets to residents Distributing compost baskets to residents
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A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Composting and its positive impacts in SurabayaComposting and its positive impacts in Surabaya(Photos cited from “Sparking Parks in Surabaya”, Cleansing Department, Surabaya City, 2008)
Parks became greener using compost Streets became greener using compostParks became greener using compost
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Bratang Composting Centre Sonokwijenan Composting Centre Keputran Composting Centre
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Activities of PKK (a women’s group) and Environmental CadresActivities of PKK (a women s group) and Environmental Cadres
Program pokok ke-9KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Organic-unorganic waste sorting VICE CHAIRMAN OF PKK DIRECTLY GIVING TRAINING 9th main program
ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION
Recycling trainings
9th main programENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION
Turn waste into blessingExplaining how to useENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION
Waste segregation training
Explaining how to use compost baskets Manufacturing bags from waste
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(Photo courtesy of PKK Surabaya (top row) and Environmental Cadre of Tegalsari, Surabaya (bottom row)
Meeting of Environmental Cadres Activities of Environmental Cadres Environmental Event
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Surabaya’s successful solid waste management model
Step 3
Surabaya’s successful solid waste management model
Step 3.
Organisng a community clean‐up campaign,g g y p p g ,
from 2005 – 2011:
Cooperation with NGOs, private companies and the mediaand the media
Successful involvement of citizens in the waste management activities
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A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Community and Private Sector InvolvementCommunity and Private Sector Involvement
Green streetsCampaign sponsors
(Photo courtesy of Uli Peduli)
Award winning community
(Photo courtesy of Uli Peduli)
Products made from waste
Entrance to a community
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19Award winning housewives group
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Community Environmental Leaders (Cadres)
26,744 27,000 30,0008,000
Community Environmental Leaders (Cadres) Source: Surabaya City
23,195
20,0007,000
Number of Environmental Cadres
There are 27,000 environmental
Cadres (community
environmental leaders)
There are 27,000 environmental
Cadres (community
environmental leaders)
1 500
5,684 10,0005,000
6,000 environmental leaders)
in Surabaya City
environmental leaders)
in Surabaya City
2,774
317 1,500
0
3 000
4,000
Number of RTs in More than 20% of communitiesMore than 20% of communities
1,797 1,942
20 000
‐10,000
2,000
3,000Green & Clean Campaign
More than 20% of communities
(RT) participate in the Green
& Clean Campaign
More than 20% of communities
(RT) participate in the Green
& Clean Campaign
325 283 355
‐30,000
‐20,000
0
1,000
Number of Environmental Cadres and
p gp g
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/
,
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
20
participating communities in Green & Clean Campaign
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Surabaya’s successful solid waste management modelSurabaya’s successful solid waste management model
Efficient Composting Method
High productivity (within 2 weeks)
l l l l Using only local materials
No offensive smell no leachate No offensive smell, no leachate
Fast, cheap and good quality!
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A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
COMPOSTING METHODS Figure 8 Operational flow of Takakura Composting MethodCOMPOSTING METHODS Figure 8 Operational flow of Takakura Composting Method(Prepared by Maeda (2009) with technical supervision by Kouji Takakura, JPec Co., Ltd.)
Features:1 F t d l i tFeatures:1 F t d l i t
3. Low‐cost, low‐tech and easy operation4 U i l l l t i l3. Low‐cost, low‐tech and easy operation4 U i l l l t i l
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1. Fast and less space requirement2. No foul smell (not rotting)1. Fast and less space requirement2. No foul smell (not rotting)
4. Using only local materials5. Active microorganism in compost enriches the soil4. Using only local materials5. Active microorganism in compost enriches the soil
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Composting OptionsComposting Options
Household Household Takakura Home Takakura Home
Location of composting
Composting methods
compost basketscompost baskets
Organic waste from householdsOrganic waste
from householdsC itC it
Method (THM)Method (THM)
T k k ST k k S N Wi dN Wi d
(17,000 baskets distributed)
O iO i
Community composting centre
Community composting centre
Takakura Susun Method (TSM)*Takakura Susun Method (TSM)*
New Windrow Method
New Windrow Method
(PUSDAKOTA’s case)
Organic waste from vegetable
markets
Organic waste from vegetable
markets
Market waste composting centreMarket waste
composting centreNew Windrow
MethodNew Windrow
Method
(14 centres under(14 centres under Cleansing Dept)
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Types of composting options in Surabaya
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Surabaya’s successful solid waste management modelSurabaya’s successful solid waste management model
Financial Analysis of Composting PracticesFinancial Analysis of Composting Practices
Is composting financially sustainable?
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 24
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Costs of composting promotionCosts of composting promotion Expenditure of Cleansing Department Surabaya, 2006‐2008
[ Rp. million] Promotion of composting and waste segregationPromotion of composting and waste segregation
160,000
180,000 (only 1‐2% of the total solid waste management expenditures) (only 1‐2% of the total solid waste management expenditures)
Land procurement for a new landfill site
120,000
140,000 Management of final disposal site
Procurement and maintenance of waste management equipment and facilities
80,000
100,000 Annual solid waste management costs:
USD10 million per yearAnnual solid waste management costs:
USD10 million per year
40,000
60,000 Waste collection and transportation
Park management
-
20,000
2006 2007 2008
g
Administrative expenses
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Figure 5 Annual expenditures of Cleansing and Landscaping Department, Surabaya, 2006‐2008(Data source: City Development Planning Department (BAPPEKO)Cleansing and Landscaping Department,Surabaya; prepared by Maeda (2009))
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Howmuch is the solid waste management cost per tonne?How much is the solid waste management cost per tonne? Waste management cost in Surabaya:
(collection and landfill management)
Waste management cost in Surabaya:
(collection and landfill management)(collection and landfill management)
USD10 million/year (2007)
(collection and landfill management)
USD10 million/year (2007)
Divided by 1 300t/day x 365days:Divided by 1 300t/day x 365days:Divided by 1,300t/day x 365days:
USD21/tDivided by 1,300t/day x 365days:
USD21/t
Landfill construction cost (27ha):
USD6.5 million
Landfill construction cost (27ha):
USD6.5 million
Divided by 1,500t/d x 365days x 5yrs
& 1,300t/d x 365days x 2yrs
USD2/
Divided by 1,500t/d x 365days x 5yrs
& 1,300t/d x 365days x 2yrs
USD2/
Waste management cost: Waste management cost:
USD2/t (not including cover soil)USD2/t (not including cover soil)
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 26
USD23/t or moreUSD23/t or more
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Is operation of a composting centre financially sustainable?Is operation of a composting centre financially sustainable?PUSDAKOTA (NGO)’s composting centre:
1 4t/day collection 40t/month collection
PUSDAKOTA (NGO)’s composting centre:
1 4t/day collection 40t/month collection1.4t/day collection 40t/month collection
10t/month of compost production
1.4t/day collection 40t/month collection
10t/month of compost production
Sales of compost: 10t/month @ USD100/tSales of compost: 10t/month @ USD100/tSales of compost: 10t/month @ USD100/t
Income USD1,000/month
Sales of compost: 10t/month @ USD100/t
Income USD1,000/month
Expenditure: USD650/monthExpenditure: USD650/monthExpenditure: USD650/month
(incl. labor and utility costs)
Expenditure: USD650/month
(incl. labor and utility costs)
P fit USD350/ th USD4 200/ P fit USD350/ th USD4 200/ Profit: USD350/month = USD4,200/year
Can purchase a new shredder!! (If all the compost is sold )
Profit: USD350/month = USD4,200/year
Can purchase a new shredder!! (If all the compost is sold )(If all the compost is sold…) (If all the compost is sold…)
Plus, cost saved from waste reduction (40t/month)Plus, cost saved from waste reduction (40t/month)
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Hidden profit: 40t/month x USD23/t = USD900/month = USD11,000/year
City government may think about giving a subsidy for building a composting centre.
Hidden profit: 40t/month x USD23/t = USD900/month = USD11,000/year
City government may think about giving a subsidy for building a composting centre.
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
How much did the city save by reducing waste?How much did the city save by reducing waste?
14 composting centres in Surabaya City: 14 composting centres in Surabaya City: p g y y
Composting 50 t/day = 1,500 t/month
p g y y
Composting 50 t/day = 1,500 t/month
Compost production: 300t/month (20% of input)
Replacing the purchase of soil conditioners
300t/ USD20/t USD6 000/ th
Compost production: 300t/month (20% of input)
Replacing the purchase of soil conditioners
300t/ USD20/t USD6 000/ th300t/m x USD20/t = USD6,000/month300t/m x USD20/t = USD6,000/month
PLUS cost saved from waste reduction:PLUS cost saved from waste reduction:
Composting centre
PLUS, cost saved from waste reduction:
1,500t/month x USD23/t
= USD34,000/month
PLUS, cost saved from waste reduction:
1,500t/month x USD23/t
= USD34,000/month
Profit: USD40,000/month
USD48 000/
Profit: USD40,000/month
USD48 000/
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Soil conditioners
= USD48,000/year= USD48,000/year
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Howmuch space is required for a composting centre?How much space is required for a composting centre?
Necessary space for a composting centre (incl. the office space): Necessary space for a composting centre (incl. the office space):
• 1t/day (30t/m) of waste input: 100m2 Compost production: 6t/m(Income: USD600/month)
3 /d (90 / ) f i 200 2 18 / (USD1 800/ )
• 1t/day (30t/m) of waste input: 100m2 Compost production: 6t/m(Income: USD600/month)
3 /d (90 / ) f i 200 2 18 / (USD1 800/ )
700
• 3t/day (90t/m) of waste input: 200m2 18t/m (USD1,800/m)
• 5t/day (150t/m) of waste input: 300m2 30t/m (USD3,000/m)
• 3t/day (90t/m) of waste input: 200m2 18t/m (USD1,800/m)
• 5t/day (150t/m) of waste input: 300m2 30t/m (USD3,000/m)Area [m2]
500
600
700
Composting Centre is Composting Centre is
200
300
400 operational in a small space! operational in a small space!
Fig Area of composting centres and
0
100
200 Fig. Area of composting centres and
Amount of processed organic waste
in Surabaya
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
29
Organic waste input [t/day] Source: Cleansing and Landscaping Department Surabaya
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Does free distribution of compost baskets make business sense?Does free distribution of compost baskets make business sense?
Distribution of household compost baskets in Surabaya: • 17,000 units distributed for free by the city in 5 years
• Distribution cost: USD10/basket x 17,000 = USD170,000
• Campaign cost: USD10/basket x 17 000 = USD170 000• Campaign cost: USD10/basket x 17,000 = USD170,000
• Total cost: USD340,000
Benefit:Benefit: • Waste reduction: 17t/day (= 17,000 households x 1 kg/day/household)
• Cost saved from waste reduction: 17t/d x 365days x USD23/t
= USD140,000/year
E l d b fi
Cost recovery in 2.5 years!
Enlarged benefit: • Waste reduction: 40t/day (2007)
• Cost saved from waste reduction: 40t/d x 365days x USD23/t
Cost recovery in 1 year!!
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/
• Cost saved from waste reduction: 40t/d x 365days x USD23/t
= USD330,000/year30
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Why people practice composting at home?Why people practice composting at home?
Household financial analysis:
O i t 1k /d /h h ld
Household financial analysis:
O i t 1k /d /h h ldOrganic waste: 1kg/day/household
30kg/month
Compost: 6kg/month (20% of input)
Organic waste: 1kg/day/household
30kg/month
Compost: 6kg/month (20% of input) Compost: 6kg/month (20% of input) Compost: 6kg/month (20% of input)
Purchasing price: USD0.07/kg (= USD70/t)
Income: USD0 42/month
Purchasing price: USD0.07/kg (= USD70/t)
Income: USD0 42/month P h d bP h d b Income: USD0.42/month
Not enough economic incentive.
Income: USD0.42/month
Not enough economic incentive. Purchased by Pusdakota(NGO)
Purchased by Pusdakota(NGO)
Main driving forces are:
improvement of kitchen environment &
self use of compost for plants and gardens
Main driving forces are:
improvement of kitchen environment &
self use of compost for plants and gardensself‐use of compost for plants and gardensself‐use of compost for plants and gardens
Dropping out rate is High! Dropping out rate is High!
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(only 20% continue practicing) (only 20% continue practicing)
Need a monitoring system (= Community environmental leaders) Need a monitoring system (= Community environmental leaders)
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Estimated GHG emissions avoided at landfills
35 000[t/year]
Estimated GHG emissions avoided at landfills
Potential: 10,000t‐CO2/year reduction
@ USD10/ CO2 USD100 000/
Potential: 10,000t‐CO2/year reduction
@ USD10/ CO2 USD100 000/
Chances for Carbon CreditChances for
Carbon Credit
30,000
35,000
Reduction of organic waste generation through composting:
@ USD10/t‐CO2 USD100,000/year@ USD10/t‐CO2 USD100,000/year Carbon CreditCarbon Credit
20,000
25,000 composting: 80t/day (= 60t/day of food waste and 20t/day of park and garden waste)
15,000
20,000 waste)
5,000
10,000 Total CO2 emissions avoided at the final disposal site and the future projection
0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 32
Figure 6 Reductions of organic waste generation and consequent greenhouse gas emissions in Surabaya (Prepared by Maeda (2009), based on the first order decay model from “Tool to determine methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site (version 04)”, CDM
Executive Board, UNFCCC)
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Recommendations for other cities
hi 10 20% d ito achieve 10‐20% waste reduction
in 3 yearsin 3 years
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 33
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
e g Actions for 10 20% reduction in waste generatione.g. Actions for 10‐20% reduction in waste generation
Inputs in Surabaya:Inputs in Surabaya: 10‐20% reduction target10‐20% reduction targetInputs in Surabaya:
Waste generation: 1,500 t/day 1,300 t/day
Composting Centres: processing 40 t/day (= 2‐3% of total waste)
Inputs in Surabaya:
Waste generation: 1,500 t/day 1,300 t/day
Composting Centres: processing 40 t/day (= 2‐3% of total waste) Composting Centres: processing 40 t/day ( 2 3% of total waste) Population: 3 million (= 600,000 households)
Household compost baskets: 17 000 units (= 2‐3% of households)
Composting Centres: processing 40 t/day ( 2 3% of total waste) Population: 3 million (= 600,000 households)
Household compost baskets: 17 000 units (= 2‐3% of households) Household compost baskets: 17,000 units (= 2 3% of households) Household compost baskets: 17,000 units (= 2 3% of households)
Inputs in Sibu Malaysia (proposal):Inputs in Sibu Malaysia (proposal):Inputs in Sibu, Malaysia (proposal):
Waste generation: 130 t/day 110 t/day (15% reduction)
C ti C t 5 t/d ( 4% f t t l t )
Inputs in Sibu, Malaysia (proposal):
Waste generation: 130 t/day 110 t/day (15% reduction)
C ti C t 5 t/d ( 4% f t t l t ) Composting Centres: process 5 t/day (= 4% of total waste) Population: 200,000 (= 40,000 households)
C t b k t 1 000 h h ld ( 2 5% f h h ld )
Composting Centres: process 5 t/day (= 4% of total waste) Population: 200,000 (= 40,000 households)
C t b k t 1 000 h h ld ( 2 5% f h h ld )
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 34
Compost baskets: 1,000 households (= 2.5% of households) Compost baskets: 1,000 households (= 2.5% of households)
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
e g Possible actions in Sibu Malaysia Target 20 t/day reductionTarget 20 t/day reductione.g. Possible actions in Sibu, Malaysia
1. Market‐waste composting centres
Target 20 t/day reduction
130 t/day 110 t/day(5 t/day by composting &
Target 20 t/day reduction
130 t/day 110 t/day(5 t/day by composting &
– Process 2 t/day (= producing 0.4 t/day)
2. Composting centres in communities and schools
( / y y p g15 t/day by recycling)
( / y y p g15 t/day by recycling)
– Process 0.5t/day @ 4 sites 2 t/day
3. Distribution of compost baskets to residents
– 1,000 households (2.5% of the total households) 1 t/day
4. Organising a community clean‐up campaigng g y p p g– Involve private companies, local newspapers and TV programmes
5. Compost purchasing scheme– City starts purchasing the compost for park maintenance
– Free distribution to farmers; marketing of compost
b k h
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 35
6. Technical assistance by Kitakyushu City, KITA, IGES and JICA
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Results in Sibu MalaysiaResults in Sibu, Malaysia
Total amount of solid waste i t d i
Population is increasing Economy is growing Population is increasing Economy is growingis not decreasing… Economy is growing More consumption, more waste The scale of composting practices
t b l h
Economy is growing More consumption, more waste The scale of composting practices
t b l hmay not be large enough…may not be large enough…
It requires a systematic and city‐wide
It requires a systematic and city‐wide y
approach to achieve total waste reduction.
yapproach to achieve total waste reduction.
Commitment by the Mayor (leader) and
responsible officers is a
Commitment by the Mayor (leader) and
responsible officers is a
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 36
pprerequisite.
pprerequisite.
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Spreading Surabaya’s model in other cities and countriesSpreading Surabaya s model in other cities and countries
PHILIPPINES NEPAL
SurabayaBago Lalitpur
TalisayINDONESIA
PHILIPPINES NEPAL
y
Cebu Puerto
Princesa
CaviteSemarang
Medan
Makassar
Sibu
Makassar
Palembang
Central Jakarta
MALAYSIATHAILAND
Bangkok
Sankamphaeng
Sri LachaBalikpapan
Tarakan Kuala Lumpur
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 37
Sankamphaeng
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Model 1: Replication by NGOsModel 1: Replication by NGOs Roles of inter-mediators are essential for replicating/scaling up good practices.
NGOInter‐mediator
p g g p g p
NGOCommunity
group
NGO
Pusdakota (Surabaya)Pagtambayayong Foundation (Cebu)
NGOCommunity
group
NGO f ili li i f d i h NGO d
City boundary
NGOs facilitate replication of good practices to other NGOs and community groups within and outside the city.
But they have difficulties in mobilizing resources from local
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 38
But, they have difficulties in mobilizing resources from local governments.
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Model 2: Scaling Up by Local GovernmentsModel 2: Scaling Up by Local Governments
Pusdakota(NGO)’s
Composting Surabaya City G
Composting centre
Inter‐mediator
Pusdakota
Pagtambayayong Foundation
(NGO) s composting
centre
centreGovernment
Composting centre
Composting centre
L l l NGO ’ d i i hi
City boundary
Local governments can scale up NGOs’ good practices within the city. (It usually does not go beyond the city boundary.)
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 39
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Model 3: Scaling Up by Local Governments and NGOsModel 3: Scaling Up by Local Governments and NGOs
Surabaya Private companies d h dCity
Government
Financial and political supports
Community group
and the media
Support for the community cleanup
campaign
Pusdakota
Pagtambayayong Foundation
Use of compost baskets at
p pp
Community group
Community environment
PKK (women’s group)
campaign
households
Community A community where Pustakota is located
Community group
environment leaders
g oup)and other NGOs
Inter‐mediator
City boundary
groupInter mediator
L l i NGO / i iLocal governments can assist NGOs/community groups in scaling up good practices to other NGOs/community groups
within the city
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 40
within the city.
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Model 4: Replication from City to CityIndonesia
Model 4: Replication from City‐to‐City
Financial supports
S k hh
ThailandUNESCAP
Sri LachaBangkok
JICA’s Grassroots GrantCLAIR*
Japan Fund for Global Environmental
Sankamphhaeng
JICA Indonesia Office
Surabaya’sSemarangKitakyushu
City
Environmental
Malaysia Nepal
JICA Malaysia Office JICA Nepal Office
Pusdakota
Pagtambayayong Foundation
Surabaya s solid waste model
City
KITAKuala Lumpur
Lalitpur
Sibu
Palembang
MedanMakassar
Malaysia Nepal
Kitakyushu Initiative (IGES)
Central Jakarta
Cebu
Lumpur
Balikpapan
Palembang
PhilippinesAPFED**Composting practices
BagoTalisay
CavitePuerto
TarakanInter‐mediators
External organizations can facilitate replication
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 41
Princesa* CLAIR: Council of Local Authorities for International Relations** APFED: Asia Pacific Forum for Environment and Development
g pof good practices from cities to cities.
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment (2000 2010)Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment (2000-2010)
200020 cities, 10 countries
200562 cities, 18 countries
2010174 cities, 18 countries20 cities, 10 countries , ,
A programme of UN‐ESCAP*; Supported by Kitakyushu City, MOEJ*, MoFA* and IGES;
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/
Information sharing of good practices* UN‐ESCAP: UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific* MOEJ: Ministry of Environment,; MoFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
A Network Seminar on KitaQ System, JICA Kyushu, 30 June 2011 Replication of Surabaya’s composting practices
Kitakyushu Initiative Final ReportKitakyushu Initiative Final Report
• Describes the outputs and hi t f th KIachievements of the KI
programme
• Provides recommendations to national and local governments, as well as managers of inter‐city programmes similar to KI
• Presented to the Ministers andPresented to the Ministers and delegates of the MCED 6*, Astana, in Sep/Oct 2010
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/ 43
* MCED 6: 6th Ministerial Conference on Economy and Development in Asia and the Pacific