report advisor: dr. vishwani d. agrawal report committee: dr. shiwen mao and dr. jitendra tugnait...
TRANSCRIPT
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Report Advisor: Dr. Vishwani D. AgrawalReport Committee: Dr. Shiwen Mao and Dr. Jitendra Tugnait
Survey of Wireless Network-on-Chip
SystemsMaster’s Project Defense
Xi Li
Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringAuburn University, AL 36849 USA
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Outline ※ Background
※ Problem Statement
※ General Solution
※ Contribution
- Experimental Results and Analysis
Latency vs. Injection Rate Latency vs. Number of Virtual Channels
※ Conclusion
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Background
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an approach to designing the communication subsystem between IP cores on a single chip, modules are interconnected via switches (routers)
※ Size: mm-scale
※ Numbers of processors: dozens of or even hundreds of
※ Communication method:“Point-to-point” and “packet-based (usually in flit)”
※ Layered protocol (MAC layer, network layer)
※ Modules’ structures should be as simple as possible
※ Variety kinds of topologies are used in NoC
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
A 4 by 4 regular mesh NoC topology
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Problem Statement
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ High latency and power consumption will be introduced due to 1) the multi-hop in the communication path between two nodes and 2) high injection rate.
More nodes in a chip, more hops and higher injection ※rate will be in the communication.
Many hops, high injection rate, and results a high latency
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
General Solutions
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Wireless link is introduced – reduce the number of hops in the path Some outstanding transmission ways: UWB, mm-wave, ※CNT
UWB-Based Mm-Wave-Based
CNT-Based
Bandwidth 3.6GHz Tens of GHz Around 500GHz
Devices’ sizes Millimeter order Millimeter order Micrometer order
Transmission range
Not enough (1mm)
enough Enough
# of Channels per link
multiple single multiple
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※ Pure Wireless vs. Hybrid Wireless NoC system
Pure: All nodes are fully connected via wirelessLimited wireless sourceLimited transmission rangeTherefore, hard to use in practice
Hybrid: Combination of wired and wirelessReduce the number of hopAlleviate latencyTherefore, always used
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※ Structure Wireless insertion※ Routing scheme and communication protocol※
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clustercluster
cluster
clustercluster
cluster
cluster
※ Structure of Hybrid Wireless NoC system: Hierarchical Bottom level: nodes form to a cluster via wired linkTop level: some clusters are connected by wireless
(sometimes, clusters in neighbor are still connected by wired)
Structure of hybrid wireless NoC
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Wireless insertion:Using SA (simulated annealing) to get the optimal configuration – the placement of the wireless links
? ?? ?
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Routing scheme and communication protocol Should be as simple as possible Routing schemes’ examples: Location-based
(LBR), dimension-ordered, path length-based and some other adopting router scheme
Communication protocol: multi-channel protocol (combination of TDM and FDM)
Other used communication schemes: pulse position modulation, biphase modulation, on-off key modulation…
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Contribution
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※ Experiment
In this section, performance of both traditional NoC (wired) and wireless NoC will be simulated; then, a comparison between them will me make.
Some parameters: injection rate: bit/cycle per node latency: cycle virtual channel
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
8 by 8 regular mesh:
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
In order to reduce the distance between two nodes in wired communication, we can increase the concentration of the network.
Concentration stands for the number of nodes that share a single router. E.g. concentration 4 means a router is shared by 4 nodes.
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
A 4 by 4 cmesh NoC topology
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A 4 by 4 regular mesh NoC topology
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※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
therefore, in cmesh topology, the average distance can reduce.
8 by 8 cmesh hop
8 by 8 regular mesh hop
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※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
8 by 8 cmesh:
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※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired) However, since every router has more work to do,
latency is still introduced Therefore, there is a trade-off between the distance
and number of nodes per router if we use wired link.
Comparison between8 by 8 regular mesh and cmesh:
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※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wireless)
Therefore, wireless NoC is needed Here, we use a kind of topology to simulate
wireless NoC system – flattened butterfly topology
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※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wireless)
A 4 by 4 flattened butterfly NoC topology
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※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wireless)
64 nodes 256 nodes
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※ Latency vs. Number of Virtual Channels (wired)
8 by 8 regular mesh
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Number of Virtual Channels (wireless)
Wireless NoC (64 nodes)
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※ Comparison between wired and wireless
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Conclusion
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Comparison with traditional wired NoC, wireless NoC has a great improvement in performance (latency, maximum injection rate, so that the throughput)
In wireless NoC, before a specific level of injection rate, the latency increment is tiny.
Virtual channel plays a more important role in wireless NoC than in traditional NoC.
※ Conclusion
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※ Future work
Devices’ manufactory Topology and communication protocolOther aspect: fault tolerant and
reconfiguration
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Thank You
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Question?