ElephantsBY GROUP 2

AJENG DYAH .P ANDRE WICAKSONO DEA PUTRI .P MIA NUR UTAMI NATTAYA LAKSHITA ERVINA DIANINGTYAS

FINDA NORMA FITRIANA

INDAH NUR .F MUHAMMAD

HARIS .M.S RIAN AJI IRAWAN ZAIMAH ANI .R

Elephants are the largest land animals on earth in the family Elephantidae of the order Proboscidea. The word "elephant" is based on the Latin elephantus ("elephant"). Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild.

Traditionally, two species are recognized, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African forest elephants are separate species (L. africana and L. cyclotis respectively). African elephants stand 3–4 m (10–13 ft) and weigh 4,000–7,000 kg (8,800–15,000 lb) while Asian elephants stand 2–3.5 m (7–11 ft) and weigh 3,000–5,000 kg (6,600–11,000 lb). In both cases, males are larger than females.

The trunk's

ability to make

powerful twisting and

coiling movements

allows it to

collect food,

wrestle with

conspecifics,

and lift up to

350 kg (770 lb).

With its trunk,

an elephant can

reach items at

heights of up to

7 m (23 ft) and

dig for water

under mud or

sand.

Elephants have trunk or proboscis. The trunk is elongated and specialized to become the elephant's most important and versatile appendage. Elephant trunks have multiple functions, including breathing, olfaction, touching, grasping, and sound production.

When mating, the male elephant stands up on his hind legs and mounts the female elephant from behind. He holds on to her with his front legs and mates with her. The physical mating takes a few minutes. After mating, the two elephants often spend time together touching each other with their trunks and even entwining each other's trunks in an embrace. The two elephants may spend as much as two weeks together before the male leaves to live apart from the females again. A male that is still in musth may go find another female to mate with.

If the female elephant becomes pregnant, she will stay pregnant for 22 months. When the time comes, she gives birth to her baby with the other females in the group standing in a circle around her. The pregnant mother bends her back legs and squats down during the birthing process. The birth usually lasts two hours. After the baby elephant is born, the mother and all of the other females in her group will raise the baby together without the help of the father.

Elephants are herbivorous and will eat leaves, twigs, fruit, bark and roots. African elephants are mostly browsers while Asian elephants are mainly grazers. They can consume as much as 150 kg of food and 40 L of water in a day.

They prefer to stay near water. They communicate by touch, sight, smell and sound. Elephants use infrasound and seismic communication over long distances. Elephants tend to stay near water sources. Major feeding bouts take place in the morning, afternoon and night. At midday, elephants rest under trees and may doze off while standing.

Sleeping occurs at night while the animal is lying down. Elephants have greeting ceremonies when a friend that has been away for some time returns to the group.