report hurfom: burma’s democratic facade: human right abuses continued-en

8/3/2019 REPORT HURFOM: Burmas Democratic Facade: Human Right Abuses Continued-en

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Fyemk Tghfps Cbyk`mpgbk bc Ebklmk` Dytem | @ioiedit, 4:==

4 Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmom`i> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`


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? Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmom`i> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmom`i>

Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

Fyemk Tghfps Cbyk`mpgbk bc Ebklmk` Dytem

_itgis bcPfi Ebk Cbtye, Kbiedit @ioiedit, 4:==


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MOTBKWE_ MK@MDDTIMPGBK_

D_ZZ Dytem _bogmlgsp Ztbhtme Zmtpw

@M @gsptgop Mègkgsptmpgbk

@Z@O @gsptgop Zimoi mk` @iilbzeikp Obykogl

GD Gkcmkptw Dmppmlgbk

AGM Amofgk Gkìzikìkoi Mtew

AGB Amofgk Gkìzikìkoi Bthmkg~mpgbk

AKLM Amtik Kmpgbkml Lgditmpgbk Mtew

LGD Lghfp Gkcmkptw Dmppmlgbk

EKLM Ebk Kmpgbkml Lgditmpgbk Mtew

EBEO Eglgpmtw Bzitmpgbk Emkmhieikp Obeemk`

KFTO Kmpgbkml Fyemk Tghfps Obeegssgbk

KL@ Kmpgbkml Limhyi cbt @iebotmow

KE_Z Kix Ebk _pmpi Zmtpw

_Z@O _pmpi Zimoi mk` @iilbzeikp Obykogl

PM Pbxksfgz Mègkgsptmpgbk

PZ@O Pbxksfgz Zimoi mk` @iilbzeikp Obykogl

SM Sgllmhi Mègkgsptmpgbk

SZ@O Sgllmhi Zimoi mk` @iilbzeikp Obykogl


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PMDLI BC OBKPIKP_

Ivioypgi _yeemtw + 8

Gkptb`yopgbk ++ =:

Dmoahtbyk` bk ptbbzs lbompgbk bc Hbitkeikp mtew gk Ebk _pmpi

mk` Pikmssitge Tihgbk++++++ =0

Emz =3

Eipfb`blbhw =8

Tiobtì`% bgois bc Lboml tisgìkps bk pfi Zblgpgoml ofmkhi =6

Lboml mtim _ioytgpw mk` Mdysis++ 44

Fyemk Tghfps mdysis gk Dml Lm%eyy mk` Am%kgk Am%emx gllmhis,

Wi Pbxksfgz 40

Fyemk Tghfps mdysis pfmp Lboml tisgìkps gk Mf%kgk gllmhi mk`

kimtdw Pfmkdwy~mwmp Pbxksfgz 43

Cbtoi` pb ztbgì pfi Gkcbtempgbk bc tidil mtei` htbyzs

ebieikps pb Hbitkeikp ptbbzs +?=

_ig~i` tyddit zlmkpmpgbks kimt Lmi Hwg mk` Emx Hwg gllmhis ?7

Ebkiw mk` Xbb` @iemkì` cbt Eglgpmtw dmttmoas

obksptyopgbk++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +09

Obkolysgbk ++ 9=

Tiobeeik`mpgbk 9?


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IVIOYPGSI _YEEMTW

Gk Dytem &mlsb akbxk ms Ewmkemt', pfi kix Ztisgìkp

Pfigk _igk &cbteit Hik+ Pfigk _igk' fms mppiezpi` pb ebi

pbxmt`s ìebotmpg~mpgbk bt m ìebotmpgo ptmksgpgbk, dw

ispmdlgsfgkh m `gmlbhyi xgpf ztb%ìebotmow limìt @mx Mykh _mk

_yy Awg mk` mllbxi` fit zmtpw, pfi Kmpgbkml Limhyi cbt @iebotmow

&KL@', pb zmtpgogzmpi gk pfi hikitml iliopgbks+ Gk btìt pb sfbx m

zbsgpgi ofmkhi, pfi hbitkeikp mlsb tilimsi` m semll kyedit bc

zblgpgoml ztgsbkits+

Fbxiit, pfi Dyteisi Mtew spgll bzitmpis eglgpmtw

bcciksgis mhmgksp ipfkgo tidil htbyzs gk Amtik _pmpi, _fmk _pmpi

mk` Amofgk _pmpi xfglsp pfi hbitkeikp fms obk`yopi` oimsicgti

pmlas+ Fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks fmi obkpgkyi` gk pfisi mtims mk`

pfbysmk`s bc ipfkgo ogglgmks obkpgkyi pb syccit ctbe mdysis

obeegppi` dw ptbbzs bc pfi Dyteisi Mtew+

Gk emkw kbk%obkclgop ipfkgo oimsicgti mtims, hbitkeikp

mypfbtgpgis mk` ptbbzs bc pfi Dyteisi Mtew obkpgkyi pb obeegp

fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks gk pfi tytml mtims+ Pfi ofmkhi bc

hbitkeikpml swspie % ctbe eglgpmtw tihgei pb ìebotmpgomllw

iliopi` hbitkeikpfms obkptgdypi` pbb lgppli ofmkhi cbt Dytems

tytml ipfkgo zbzylmpgbk+ _ydsi}yikplw, pfi ofmkhis pfmp fmi diik

mzzlgi` mti kbp mzztiogmpi` dw pfbsi mcciopi` dw pfie+

Ctbe QBopbdit pb @ioiedit, 4:==U, Fyemk Tghfps

Cbyk`mpgbk bc Ebklmk` Dytems &FYTCBE' cgil` tizbtpitshmpfiti` fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks omsis pftbyhf obk`yopgkh

gkpitgixs xgpf lboml tisgìkps bc pfi gllmhis ykìt pfi

mègkgsptmpgbk bc Widwy, Wi, mk` Pfmkdwy~mwmp pbxksfgzs+ Pfisi

gllmhis gkolyì pfbsi pfmp mti sgpympi` bk Awxi Pfbki Kwg Em

Gslmk` mk` kimtdw gp, gk Widwy Pbxksfgz, Pikmssitge @ggsgbk, mk`


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sbei gk Wi Pbxksfgz, xfgli ebsp mti lwgkh mlbkh pfi fghfxmw bc

Wi Pbxksfgz pb Pfmkdwy~mwmp Pbxksfgz, Ebk _pmpi+

Pfi cmop%cgk`gkhs gk pfgs tizbtp sfbx pfmp pfbsi tisgìkps

ctbe pfi gllmhis eikpgbki` mdbi ivzitgikoi mtgbys fyemk

tghfps mdysis> syof ms ivpbtpgbk, mtdgptmtw pmvmpgbk, cbtoi` lmdbt,

lmk` obkcgsompgbk, gll%ptimpeikp, sikptw `ypw mk` bdsptyopgkh gllmhi

sioytgpw gk pfigt `mglw lgci obeegppi` dw lboml dmsi` hbitkeikps

dmppmlgbks mk` kmw ykgps+

Cytpfitebti, gp tiimls pfmp =: wimts mcpit pfi hms zgzilgkiobksptyopgbk dipxiik Amkdmya mk` Ewmgkh Amlmw, gllmhits

tisg`gkh mlbkh pfi fghfxmw bc Wi Pbxksfgz pb Pfmkdwy~mwmp

Pbxksfgz mti spgll ìemkì` pb ztbgì sioytgpw ciis cbt pfi hms

zgzilgki, gps sikptw mk` `ypgis bc gllmhi sioytgpw+ Sgllmhits fmi

mlsb fm` pfigt lmk`s sig~i` mk` emtai` pb di obkcgsompi` tioikplw+

M``gpgbkmllw byt gkcbtempgbk ykigls pfmp pfi gllmhits mti cbtoi`

pb hgi gkcbtempgbk bc ipfkgo gksythikow htbyzs pb lboml

hbitkeikp bccgoits mk` ti}ygti` pb tizbtp iitw `mw iik pfbyhfkb syof htbyzs ptmil dw, bt ikpit pfi gllmhis+ Obksi}yikplw, pfisi

gllmhits fmi pb limi pfigt xbta difgk` ms pfiw fmi pb tizbtp,

mk` diomysi pfiw mti ykmdli pb hb pb xbta, pfiw cmoi `gccgoylpgis cbt

pfigt sytgml+ Gk m``gpgbk, pfi gllmhits lggkh bk Awxi Pfbki Kwg

Em Gslmk` kbp bklw fmi pfigt lmk` sig~i`, dyp mlsb fmi pb ztbgì

pfi lboml dmsi` Kmw Mtew xgpf mllbxmkois cbt pfie pb xbta bk

pfigt bxk tyddit mk` dipil kyp zlmkpmpgbks mk` bpfit lbkh%pite

otbzs zlmkpmpgbks+ Gk m``gpgbk, pfi gllmhits bk pfi Awxi Pfbki KwgEm Gslmk` mk` gps syttbyk`gkh gllmhis fmi pb ztbgì xbb`s mk`

bpfit empitgmls cbt dygl`gkhs bc lboml dmsi` Dyteisi Mtew bccgois

mk` dmttmoas1 wip pfbsi gllmhits mti mlsb ofmthi` pb zmw m lmthi

mebykp bc ebkiw gc pfiw obyl` kbp ztbgì pfi xbb`s+

FYTCBEs bdniopgis mti pb `boyeikp mk` tizbtp fyemktghfps gblmpgbks omsis, pmaik zlmoi emgklw gk pftii tihgbks> Ebk


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_pmpi, Amtik _pmpi, mk` pfi Pikmssitge @ggsgbk, pb ztbebpi

fyemk tghfps mk` lissik pfi ofmkoi bc cypyti gblmpgbks+ Pfys cmt,

FYTCBE fms cbyk` byp pfmp lgai gk pfi zitgb`s bc ztigbyshbitkeikps, pfi fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks mti spgll obeegppi` dw

pfi hbitkeikp ptbbzs iik pfbyhf m Kmpgbkml Fyemk Tghfps

Obeegssgbk &KFTO' gs cbtei` gk Dytem+ Mlsb, `iszgpi m kix

ogglgmk%li` hbitkeikp fms diik cbtei`, Dytems lboml tisg`ikps

`b kbp sii mkw sghks bc ofmkhi gk pfigt gllmhis+ Gk cmop, pfi gllmhits

mti cmogkh fyemk tghfps mdysis ebti cti}yikplw dw pfi

hbitkeikp ptbbzs bc pfi hbitkeikp pfmp xms gkmyhytmpi` gk,

4:=:, pfmk `ytgkh pfi pgei pfi hbitkeikp xms li` dw _ikgbtHikitml Pfmk _fxi+


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=: Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmomì> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

GKPTB@YOPGBK

Gk Dytem, pb sfbx pfi sghks bc fim`gkh pbxmt` ticbtes,

Ztisgìkp Pfigk _igk fms obk`yopi` emkw tbyk`s bc `gmlbhyis

xgpf ztb%ìebotmow limìt, @mx Mykh _mk _yy Awg, gk m``gpgbk pb

mllbxgkh fit zmtpw pfi Kmpgbkml Limhyi cbt @iebotmow &KL@' pb

pmai zmtp gk pfi yzobegkh dw%iliopgbks mk` tilimsgkh m semll

kyedit bc zblgpgoml ìpmgkiis+

Bk pfi mcpitkbbk bc Myhysp =7, 4:==, Dytem(s ZtisgìkpPfigk _igk fil` pfi cgtsp pmla xgpf @mx Mykh _mk _yy Awg mp fgs

bccgoi gk pfi Ztisgìkpgml Tisgìkoi gk Kmwzwg`mx+ Zibzli gk pfi

obykptw fbzi` pfmp pfi eiipgkh xbyl` dtgkh mdbyp ofmkhis mk`

ztbegkikp ìilbzeikp gk zblgpgoml szfitis+ _yy Awg mk` pfi

ztisgìkp tizbtpi`lw iknbwi` m obt`gml obkitsmpgbk, pfbyhf kb

ìpmgls bc pfi eiipgkh xiti tilimsi` dw igpfit sgpi+ Dyteisi spmpi

kixszmzit %Pfi Kix Lghfp bc Ewmkemt tizbtpi` pfi eiipgkh

ctbe m `gccitikp mkhli> Pfi ztisgìkp mk` @mx Mykh _mk _yy Awgptgi` pb cgk` byp pfi zbpikpgml obeebk htbyk`s pb obbzitmpi gk

gkpitisps bc pfi kmpgbk mk` pfi zibzli zyppgkh msgì `gccitikp

gixs+ Fbxiit, pfi kixs tizbtp `g` kbp ivzlbti xfmp zbpikpgml

obeebk htbyk`s xiti `gsoyssi`+

Dipxiik Nylw 49 mk` Bopbdit ?: 4:==, @mx Mykh _mk _yy

Awg eip hbitkeikps lgmgsbk egkgspit Y Mykh Awg cbyt pgeis+

@ytgkh fit pmlas xgpf pfi lgmgsbk egkgspit, sfi tiimli` fitxgìsztim` obkoitks mdbyp pfi tioikp obkclgops gk Amofgk _pmpi,

_fmk _pmpi mk` Amtik _pmpi+ Xfmpiit mssytmkois sfi tioigi`,

soizpgo omypgbk pfmp pfi ztigbys tihgeis `ggì mk` tyli pmopgo

dipxiik egkbtgpw ipfkgo htbyzs mk` ìebotmpgo cbtois xgll obei

dmoa gkpb zlmw tiemgk+ _yy Awg spgll dilgiis pfmp pfi tihgei xgll

obkpgkyi pb ivolyì ipfkgo htbyzs ctbe pfi `gmlbhyi+


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== Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmomì> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

@iszgpi egkbt ticbtes mk` pfi tilimsi bc mzztbvgempilw

cbyt fyk`ti` zblgpgoml ztgsbkits, m msp emnbtgpw bc Dytems

zblgpgoml ztgsbkits tiemgks ìpmgki`+ Fiti mhmgk, pfi hbitkeikpsebpgi pb tilimsi zblgpgoml ztgsbkits gs mlghki` xgpf ztbebpgkh

gkpitkmpgbkml tilmpgbks+ Obedgki` xgpf pfi sghkgcgomkp gkotimsi gk

fyemk tghfps mdysis dw pfi Dyteisi Mtew, gkoly`gkh pfi ysi bc

hmkh%tmzi mhmgksp ipfkgo egkbtgpw xbeik mk` ofgl`tik, pfi

byplbba cbt hikygki ticbte gk Dytem tiemgks dlima+

Pfi tilimsi bc zblgpgoml ztgsbkits sfbyl` di xilobei`, dyp

pfisi tilimsis mti kbp ikbyhf pb nyspgcw pfi lgcpgkh bc mkwsmkopgbks, smg` Xmg Fkgk Zxgkp Pfbk+ Pb`mw gs m `mw bc nbw cbt

pfi cmeglgis bc pfbsi xfb fmi diik tilimsi`, dyp cbt emkw ebti,

gp gs m `mw bc sm`kiss mk` `gsmzzbgkpeikp, ms pfigt cmpfit, ebpfit,

fysdmk`, dtbpfit, bt sgspit tiemgks gk nmgl+ Pfgs gs m timlgpw ofioa1

ofmkhi fms kbp obei pb Dytem wip+

Xfgli emkw zibzli ìizlw dilgii pfmp pfi tihgeis

mypfbtgpgis mti emagkh tiemtamdli spizs gezlieikpgkh mtgbyscbtyes zbsgkh ms ìebotmow m`bompis, szbypgkh zgzi%`time

gsgbks bc mzztbmofgkh ìebotmow pftbyhf zimoicyl eimks, pfi

hbitkeikp(s dmppmlgbks sfboa%ptbbzs mti gblmpgkh pfi tghfps bc

ipfkgo egkbtgpw htbyzs gk Amofgk _pmpi, dytkgkh pfigt gllmhis mk`

otbzs, emagkh syti pfiti gs kb zimoi gk pfi fbeilmk` bc ipfkgo

Amofgk+

Ms pfi tisylp bc pfi oggl%xmt gk pfi Amofgk pittgpbtw, mk

ispgempi` 0:,::: lbomls fmi diik `gszlmoi` gk xmt%pbtk mtims bc

Amofgk _pmpi, dyp ykpgl Pyis`mw pfi Dyteisi hbitkeikp

mypfbtgpgis fm` bklw mllbxi` pfi YK Xbtl` Cbb` Ztbhtme pb

`gsptgdypi cbb`s pb pfi kimtlw 3,::: ticyhiis gk pfi hbitkeikp%

obkptblli` mtims bc Amofgk _pmpi+ Cghfpgkh gk pfi tihgbk obkpgkyis

ìszgpi pfi tizbtps pfmp Ztisgìkp Pfigk _igk, gssyi` m xtgppik

spmpieikp sghki` bk @io+ =: btìtgkh Dyteisi mtew ofgic Hik+


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=4 Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmomì> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

Egk Mykh Flmgkh pb fmlp eglgpmtw bzitmpgbks mhmgksp pfi Amofgk

Gkìzikìkoi Mtew &AGM' ivoizp cbt silc%ìciksi zytzbsis+ Pfi

spmpieikp fms kbp wip diik zydlgolw mkkbykoi`, dyp gps ivgspikoixms tiimli` pb lboml nbytkmlgsps dw pfi Amofgk _pmpi ofgic egkgspit

mp m cyk`%tmgsgkh oitiebkw cbt Amofgk xmt ticyhiis+

Pfiti `bis kbp mzzimt pb di mkw oyttikp ztbsziop bc m

cbteml oimsicgti mhtiieikp dipxiik pfi AGM mk` pfi hbitkeikp

ptbbzs diomysi pfi AGM(s zblgpgoml xgkh, pfi Amofgk Gkìzikìkoi

Bthmkg~mpgbk &AGB', fms ivzlgogplw smg` pfmp gp gs siiagkh m zblgpgoml

`gmlbhyi xgpf pfi hbml bc mypbkbew mk` xgll kbp mooizp Dytemsoyttikp zmtlgmeikpmtw swspie `begkmpi` dw cbteit eglgpmtw

hikitmls ykìt pfi eglgpmtw%`tmcpi` 4::6 Obkspgpypgbk, xfgof pfiw

smw gkolyìs bklw egkgeml tghfps cbt ipfkgo egkbtgpw htbyzs+

Xi mti kbp gkcbtei` bc pfi tizbtpi` btìt dw Ztisgìkp

Pfigk _igk pb pfi mtew pb fbl` mppmoas mhmgksp ys, dyp kbkipfiliss

pfi cghfpgkh xgll hb bk diomysi pfi hbitkeikp mtew fms mltim`w

booyzgi` m kyedit bc byt eglgpmtw dmsis gk gps tioikp bcciksgismk` diomysi xi mti wip pb fbl` m ptyi zblgpgoml `gmlbhyi xgpf pfi

hbitkeikp, smg` dw AGB"AGM szbaiszitsbk Lm Kmk, m``gkh pfmp

pfi Dyteisi mtew tigkcbtoi` gps ptbbzs gk Ewgpawgkm mk` Dfmeb

pbxksfgzs bc Amofgk _pmpi bk @ioiedit =4pf, 4:==+

Bk pfi bpfit fmk`, pfi tihgei obkpgkyis dygl`gkh `mes

xfgof xgll mìtsilw mcciop kbp bklw ipfkgo egkbtgpw cmteits, dyp

cmteits pftbyhfbyp pfi lmk`+ Lmk` gs spgll obkcgsompi` cbt zgzilgkis

# tmglxmws, xfgof aiiz pfi spblik tisbytois clbxgkh byp bc pfi

obykptw, mk` mhtb%ztbniops, xfgof ysymllw tizlmoi tgoi cgil`s xgpf

kbk%i`gdli omsf otbzs+


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=? Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmomì> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

Pfi zibzli gk pfi obeeykgpgis gk Ebk _pmpi, Amtik _pmpi

mk` pfi Pikmssitge @ggsgbk ykìt pfi hbitkeikps obkptblli`

mtims fmi akbxk pfmp pfiti xms m ofmkhi bc hbitkeikp `yi pb4:=:s iliopgbks mk` akbx xill xfb xbk gk pfi iliopgbks+

Fbxiit, emkw bc pfisi zibzli tytml mtims smg` pfiti fmi diik

kb ofmkhis gk mègkgsptmpgi swspie diomysi pfi zibzli spgll syccit

ctbe zmwgkh pmvis, mk` pfi mypfbtgpgis mti spgll obttyzp+ Emkw

pwzis bc fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks syof ms gllihml pmvmpgbk, ivpbtpgbk,

cbtoi` lmdbt mk` lmk` obkcgsompgbk fmi obkpgkyi`+

Emkw zibzli gk obkclgop ~bkis mk` pfbsi pfmp `g` kbp fmipfi tghfp pb bpi `ytgkh pfi lmsp iliopgbk ciil pfi sgpympgbk tiemgks

pfi smei+ Zibzli mti spgll `gszlmoi` `yi pb cghfpgkh mk` fyemk

tghfps gblmpgbks+ _pgll emkw cmoi ztbdlies gk pites bc hippgkh cbb`

mk` ptwgkh pb cgk` spmdli sbytois bc lgilgfbb`+

FYTCBE fms olbsilw ebkgpbti` xfmp gs fmzzikgkh gk dbpf

obkclgop ~bkis mk` kbk%obkclgop mtims+ Gps fyemk tghfps xbtaits gk

pfi cgil` fmi ptmili` pb mtgbys zmtps bc Ebk _pmpi, Amtik _pmpimk` pfi Pikmssitge @ggsgbk mk` gkpitgixi` lboml zibzli pb

`boyeikp fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks+

Gk emkw zmtps bc Ebk _pmpi mk` Amtik _pmpi, pfi Dyteisi

Mtew gs spgll ìzlbwgkh pfigt dmppmlgbks olbsi pb gllmhis mk` pfi

lboml gllmhits mti syccitgkh ctbe mdysis dw Dyteisi Mtew

sbl`gits+


14/54



DMOAHTBYK@ BK PTBBZ_ LBOMPGBK BC HBSITKEIKP

MTEW GK EBK _PMPI MK@ PIKM__ITGE TIHGBKGk pfi lmpi =73:s mk` imtlw =78:s, pfi pfik%tylgkh eglgpmtw

nykpm % pfi Dytem _bogmlgsp Ztbhtmeei Zmtpw &D_ZZ' % gkspgpypi`

pfi Cbyt Oyps Zblgow &Zwm Liw Zwm gk Dyteisi', pfmp syooisscyllw

ykìtegki` gksythikp cbtois dilbkhgkh pb Amtik mk` Ebk zblgpgoml

zmtpgis+ Xfgli pfi mhtiieikp pb m oimsicgti dipxiik pfi Kix Ebk

_pmpi Zmtpw &KE_Z' gk =779 bccgogmllw ikì` pfi fbspglgpgis xgpf pfi

Dyteisi eglgpmtw nykpm, pfi oimsicgti cmgli` pb hymtmkpii pfi xill%digkh bc obeeykgpgis bk pfi zitgzfitw bc Ebk pittgpbtw+ @yi pb

pfi obkpgkyi` ztisikoi bc gksythikp Ebk szlgkpit cmopgbks mk`

Amtik mtei` ykgps, pfi Dyteisi eglgpmtw hbitkeikp,

tiobkspgpypi` gk =767 ms pfi _pmpi Zimoi mk` @iilbzeikp Obykogl

&_Z@O' ìolmti` kimtlw 7: zitoikp bc pfi pittgpbtw gk kbtpfitk

Pikmssitge Tihgbk mk` sbypfitk Ebk _pmpi m (dlmoa mtim( bt m (ctii

cgti ~bki(, gk xfgof eglgpmtw ykgps xiti hgik ìsghkmpi` tihgbks pb

omttw byp zblgogis bc ivpbtpgbk, sig~gkh bc hbb`s mk` lmk`, mttisp,tmzi, pbtpyti, mk` iik syeemtw ivioypgbk+

_gkoi FYTCBE(s gkoizpgbk, gps cgil` tizbtpits fmi

`boyeikpi` pfi ivpiksgi mk` obkpgkybys mdysis obeegppi` dw

_Z@O dmppmlgbks mhmgksp gllmhits, bcpik tihmt`liss bc pfi itgcgmdli

ztisikoi bc gksythikp cbtois+ Pfgs kyedit bc gksythikp htbyzs

ztisikoi gk pfi mtim sgkoi pfi `mws bc pfi Cbyt Oyps Zblgow fmi

diik cix, mk` iit ìoimsgkh gk kyedit obezmti` pb pfi ztisikoibc Dyteisi mtew dmppmlgbks+ Oyttikplw mopgi gksythikp cbtois mti

zti`begkmkplw pfi Ebk Kmpgbkml Lgditmpgbk Mtew &EKLM',

ykakbxk Ebk gksythikp szlgkpit htbyzs &lbomllw akbxk ms pfi Kmg

Fmzxi htbyz' mk` ykgps ctbe pfi Amtik Kmpgbkml Lgditmpgbk Mtew

&AKLM' Dtghmì Kb+ 0 mti zitgb`gomllw mopgi gk pfi mtim+ Pfi


15/54



lboml Dyteisi Mtew ykgps gkolyì LGDs= Kb+ 464, Kb+ 48?, GDs

Kb+ 3=, Kb+ ?= mk` Kb+ 0:7, obmspml mtew ykgps, Kmw Kb+ 0? xfgof

bzitmpis ykìt Eglgpmtw Bzitmpgbk Emkmhieikp Obeemk`&EBEO' Kb+ 6+ Pfisi dmppmlgbks fmi pfi omzmogpw pb cgil` dipxiik

6: pb ?:: sbl`gits imof mp mkw bki pgei+

Pfi tihgbks bc cboys gk pfgs tizbtp, sbypfitk Ebk _pmpi mk`

Kbtpfitk Pikmssitge @ggsgbk, mti hibhtmzfgomllw ebsplw

obeztgsi` bc ebykpmgkbys mk` fgllw pittmgk+ Pfgs `gccgoylp pittmgk

gs m kmpytml hgcp pb mtei` gksythikp htbyzs ìsgtgkh pb fgì ctbe

pfigt ikiegis+ Fbxiit, xfgli pfi mtim gs fbei pb mk ivptieilwfghf kyedit bc dmppmlgbks, pfgs gs ebti `yi pb hbitkeikps

ìemk` cbt sioytgpw bit pfi ztisikoi bc pfi Amkdmya pb

Ewmgkhamlmw kmpytml hms zgzilgki, xfgof ztbgìs pfi eglgpmtw

nykpm m sghkgcgomkp gkobei ctbe cbtighk gkispeikp+ Moobt`gkh pb

mkmlwsis bc pfi eglgpmtw ebieikp gk pfgs mtim tihmt`gkh pfi

ivoissgi zbsgpgbkgkh bc eglgpmtw dmsis, gssyis syttbyk`gkh

zgzilgki sioytgpw mti pfi aiw omysis difgk` pfi obkpgkybys

obeegpeikp bc fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks+

Pfi gk`ysptgis bc lboml tyddit mk` dipil%kyp zlmkpmpgbks,

zm``w cgil`s mk` zitikkgml ctygp%btofmt`s pfmp iezlbw lboml

tisgìkps fmi diik fgp fmt` dw pfi mdysis `boyeikpi` gk pfgs

tizbtp+ FYTCBE tisimtofits fmi limtki` pfmp 89) bc pfisi otbzs

obyl` kbp di fmtispi` gk pfi mtim `yi pb ptmil tisptgopgbks

btìti` gk pfi lmsp pxb mk` m fmlc ebkpfs, moobt`gkh pb pfi

gkcbtempgbk hmpfiti` `ytgkh gkpitgixs xgpf tisgìkps+ Pfgstisimtof gk`gompis pfmp `yi pb pfi siitgpw bc mdysis, lbss bc otbzs

mk` eyof kiiì` gkobei pftimpiks m zbssgdli obllmzsi bc pfi

mtims mhtmtgmk iobkbew+

=Gk pfgs zmzit Lghfp Gkcmkptw Dmppmlgbk, LGD, mk` Gkcmkptw Dmppmlgbk, GD mll ticit

pb ykgps bc pfi Dyteisi Mtew+


16/54



EMZ


17/54



EIPFB@BLBHW

Pfi emnbtgpw bc pfi cmops gk pfgs tizbtp mti dmsi` bk cgil`

`mpm oblliopgbks obk`yopi` gk _bypfitk Ebk _pmpi, gk pbxksfgzs

syof ms Pfmkdwy~mwmp mk` Wi, mk` gk pfi Kbtpfitk Pikmssitge

@ggsgbk, syof ms kbtpfitk Widwy Pbxksfgz, Awxi Pfbki Kwg Em

Gslmk` gk xfgof Kmw Ykgp Kb+ 0? dihmk obkcgsompgkh lmk` gk

@ioiedit 4:=:+ Gk btìt pb oblliop pfi igìkoi, cgi cgil`

tizbtpits gk pxb pimes gkpitgixi` ?6 sydniops gk 44 gllmhis1

pfisi gkolyì == gkpitgixs ctbe gllmhis gk Pfmkdwy~mwmpPbxksfgz, =: gkpitgixs ctbe gllmhis gk Wi Pbxksfgz, mk` 8

gkpitgixs ctbe Awxi Pfbki Kwg Em Gslmk`, kbtpfitk Widwy

Pbxksfgz, Pikmssitge @ggsgbk, sbypfitk Dytem+ Pfgs tizbtp mlsb

gkolyìs 0 gkpitgixs oblliopi` dw pilizfbki ctbe cmteits xfb

xiti tioikplw gblmpi` dw ebkiw ivpbtpgbk tihmt`gkh pfigt bxki`

lmk`+

@yi pb mtim tisptgopgbks mk` sioytgpw pbll%hmpis sip yz dwlboml hbitkeikp dmppmlgbks, hmpfitgkh `mpm mk` `gtioplw msagkh

}yispgbks pb lboml cmteits gk pfi pmthipi` mtims xiti gkpiksilw

`gccgoylp mk` gk sbei omsis eiedits ctbe lboml dmsi` Obeeykgpw

Dmsi` Bthmkg~mpgbk &ODB' mssgspi` xgpf gezbtpmkp gkcbtempgbk

pfmp FYTCBE cilp m`ì` pb pfi sptikhpf bc pfgs tizbtp+ FYTCBE

mlsb `tix ivpiksgilw bk pfi akbxli`hi bc pftii lboml tisgìkps

xfb filzi` xgpf hmpfitgkh gkcbtempgbk ctbe gk`gg`yml gkogìkps,

dmoahtbyk` gkcbtempgbk, mk` obkcgtempgbk bk cmops gk pfigkpitgixs ms xill ms gkmlymdli obkpivp mk` mssgspmkoi gk tizlwgkh

pb pmthipi` cbllbx%yz }yispgbks+


18/54



TIOBT@I@ SBGOI_ BC LBOML TI_G@IKP_ BK PFI

ZBLGPGOML OFMKHI

Pfi zibzli bc sbypfitk Dytem obkpgkyi pb lgi ykìt m

fghflw mypfbtgpmtgmk eglgpmtw tihgei pfmp gs xgìlw obkìeki` cbt

gps sitgbys fyemk tghfps mdysis+ FYTCBE cgil` tizbtpits fmi

obk`yopi` gkpitgixs xgpf gllmhits tisg`gkh gk pfi gllmhis lbompi`

dipxiik Wi mk` Pfmkdwy~mwmp pbxksfgzs+ Pfi cbllbxgkh cgk`gkhs

mti bgoi cglis tiobtì` ctbe pfi gllmhits xfb mti pfi xgpkissis

mk` gopges bc fyemk tghfps mdysis obeegppi` gk pfigt mtims+ Pfiemnbtgpw bc pfbsi xfb obeegppi` fyemk tghfps mdysis mti lboml

dmsi` dmppmlgbk bccgoits mk` pfigt cillbxs+ Pfigt bzztissgkh bc lboml

tisgìkps fms kbp ofmkhi` sgkoi fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks

obeegppi` `ytgkh pfi lmsps hbitkeikp pite+ Pfisi bgoi%

tiobtì` cglis dilbx mti hmpfiti` ctbe emlis mk` ciemlis ctbe =0

gllmhis+

Lgis cbt pfi gllmhits lggkh gk Wi mk` Pfmkdwy~mwmppbxksfgzs `b kbp siie pb fmi ofmkhi`, iik pfbyhf sghks bc

ofmkhi fmi diik otgi` byp motbss pfi obykptw ykìt pfi

mègkgsptmpgbk bc pfgs kix hbitkeikp+ Gkspim`, gllmhits cmoi pfi

smei mdysis, xfgof mti cbtoi` lmdbt mk` ivpbtpgbk % ofmthi` ms hms

zgzilgkis sioytgpw ciis pfmp xiti mlsb ligi` `ytgkh pfi lmsp

hbitkeikps pite+

Pfi gllmhits gk Xmi%tmp gllmhi mti spgll ofmthi` xgpf

sioytgpw cii bc hms zgzilgki dw Gkcmkptw Dmppmlgbk &GD' Kb+ 34

ìszgpi pfi mcpitempf bc kix ogglgmk%li` hbitkeikp gkspmllmpgbk+

Kbx, emkw zibzli dilgii pfmp pfiti mti ofmkhis gk pfiobykptw gk pfi zfmsi bc pfgs kix hbitkeikp+ Dyp, xi, pfi

gllmhits ctbe byt gllmhi spgll fmi pb zmw =9,::: Awmp pb

Pfmkdwy~mwmp dmsi` Dyteisi Mtew %% Gkcmkptw Dmppmlgbk


19/54



&GD' Kb+ 34+ Pfmp gs pfi cii cbt hms zgzilgki sioytgpw, smg`

dw Kmg Awmx Ebi &kbp timl kmei', 99, ctbe Xmi%tmp

gllmhi, Pfmkdwy~mwmp Pbxksfgz, Ebk _pmpi+

]ybpi` dilbx, m Amtik zitsbk, 46, ctbe Dmi Lm%ey gllmhi, Wi

Pbxksfgz, tiemtai` xfmp agk` bc ofmkhis mti pmagkh zlmoi gk fgs

tihgbk>

Gp xms mkkbykoi` pfmp pfi obykptw Qs hbitkeikpU xbyl`

ebi pb ticbte mk` ofmkhis gk m tghfp `gtiopgbk mcpit pfi

4:=: hikitml iliopgbks+ Dyp, kbx pfi wimt 4:== gs mlebspbit mk` kbpfgkh ofmkhi` gk byt tihgbk pfmp sfbxs ticbte+

Wip, bki pfgkh fms ofmkhi`, pfmp gs pfi kmei Qbc lboml

dmsi` hbitkeikp bccgoisU+ Dicbti, pfi lboml mypfbtgpgis

ìemkì` ys pb omll pfie @gsptgop Zimoi mk` @iilbzeikp

Obykogl &@Z@O', Pbxksfgz Zimoi mk` @iilbzeikp Obykogl

&PZ@O', mk` Sgllmhi Zimoi mk` @iilbzeikp Obykogl

&SZ@O'+ Dyp kbx xiti ti}ygti` pb omll @gsptgop

Mègkgsptmpgbk &@M', Pbxksfgz Mègkgsptmpgbk &PM', mk`Sgllmhi Mègkgsptmpgbk &SM'+ Pfgs gs xfmp fms diik ofmkhi`

sb cmt, tiemtai` dw M Amtik gllmhit, 46, ctbe Dmi Lm%ey

gllmhi, Wi Pbxksfgz, Ebk _pmpi+

Pfi Dyteisi Mtew spgll ofmthis sioytgpw ciis bc pfi hms zgzilgki

mk` cbtois gllmhits pb hb bk sikptw gk pfi gllmhis sgpympi`

dipxiik pfi tmglxmw mk` fghfxmw bc Wi Pbxksfgz pb

Pfmkdwy~mwmp Pbxksfgz, `ytgkh pfgs ogglgmk hbitkeikps pite+Moobt`gkh pb Y Fpyk Flm &kbp timl kmei', m Emi Zmx gllmhit, pfi

gllmhits gk fgs gllmhi mti spgll ìemkì` dw Dyteisi Mtew

Gkcmkptw Dmppmlgbk &GD' Kb+ 34 pb zmw pfi sioytgpw ciis mk` pb omttw

byp sikptw `ypgis+ Mk`, ctbe pfi smei dmppmlgbk, pxb htbyzs mti

cbtei` mk` bki htbyz obeis pb oblliop pfi ciis xfgli mkbpfit

htbyz btìts pfi gllmhits pb hb bk sikptw+


20/54


4: Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmomì> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

Kbx, pfi gllmhi xfiti G lgi gs lbompi` dipxiik pfi

tmglxmw mk` fghfxmw lgkagkh Wi Pbxksfgz pb

Pfmkdwy~mwmp Pbxksfgz, Ebk _pmpi+ Pfiti mti =: gllmhisgk pbpml lwgkh kimtdw Xmi Am%eii, Mf%kgk, mk` Awmykh

Wxmi gllmhis sgpympi` dipxiik pfi fghf%xmw bc Wi%

Pfmkdwy~mwmp+ Pfbsi gllmhis mti lbompi` tghfp mlbkh pfi

Amkdmya pb Ewmgkh Amlmw hms zgzilgki+ Cbt pfi sioytgpw bc

pfi hms zgzilgki, xi pfi gllmhits mti ìemkì` dw pfi

Gkcmkptw Dmppmlgbk &GD' Kb+ 34 li` dw Emnbt Pgk Emykh Fpyk

pb hb bk sikptw gk pytk+ Lgai dicbti, pfbsi xfb omkp hymt`

pfi zgzilgki fmi pb zmw1 imof fbysifbl` fms pb zmw =,:::s =9,::: awmp+ _beipgeis, xi fmi pb di hymt`s xfgli xi

mlsb fmi pb zmw ciis cbt zgzilgki sioytgpw+ Pfiti gs bki

htbyz hggkh btìts pb ys pb hb bk sikptw, mk` pfiti gs

mkbpfit htbyz oblliopgkh ebkiw cbt zgzilgki sioytgpw+ _b,

pxb htbyzs xiti emì ctbe GD Kb+34+ Xfmp G eimkp fiti

gs pfmp xi ms gllmhits xfb fmi kb zbxit mti mcciopi` cbt

pxb timsbks+ Xi omkkbp hb pb byt xbta dyp xi mti ysi` ms

ctii lmdbtits cbt pfie+ Mk`, xi fmi pb pmai byt smi`


21/54


4= Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmomì> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

ebkiw pb zmw pfie ms pfiw ìemkì`+ _b, kbpfgkh

ofmkhis1 gp gs nysppfi smei ms dicbti, smg` dw Y Fpyk Flm+

Y Fpyk Flm gs 94 wimts bl` mk` fi gs xbtagkh bk tyddit zlmkpmpgbk+

FYTCBE obk`yopi` mk gkpitgix xgpf fge bk Kbiedit, 44, gk

Emi Zmx gllmhi, Pfmkdwy~mwmp Pbxksfgz+


22/54



LBOMLMTIM _IOYTGPW MK@MDY_I_

Pfmp gs kbp bklw xfmp gllmhits fmi cmoi` ms m tisylp bc pfi

obksptyopi` pfi hms zgzilgki, dyp pfiw mlsb fmi cmoi` emkw bpfit

mdysis obeegppi` dw hbitkeikp ptbbzs hymt`gkh pfi hms

zgzilgki+ Pfi cbllbxgkh gs mk gkobezlipi lgsp bc xfmp pfi Dyteisi

Mtew fms ìemkì` bc gllmhits>

Pfiw QDyteisi MtewU btìt gllmhits pb hb bk sikptw

cbt pfi sioytgpw bc hms zgzilgki+ Pfiw btìt gllmhits pb zmptbl pfi gllmhis &gk m``gpgbk

pb hymt`gkh pfi hms zgzilgki'

Pfiw ìemkì` gllmhits pb zmw sioytgpw ciis pb pfbsixfb btìti` pfie pb zmw+ Mk` gc pfisi gllmhits omkkbp

hymt` ìsghkmpi` mtims pfiesilis, pfiw fmi pb

obeztbegsi dw zmwgkh ciis+

Pfiw ìemkì` gllmhits pb syzzbtp gllmhi eglgpgmptbbzs mk` pb ztbgì pfi ptbbzs xgpf tmpgbks+

Pfiw ysi gllmhits hygìs gc pfiw hip gkcbtei` mdbyppfi gksythikow htbyzs & xfgli sbeipgeis pfisi

gllmhits mti ysi` ms hygìs, sbeipgeis pfgs pmsa

gezlgis digkh m fyemk sfgil` cbt Dytem Mtew ptbbzs'+

Pfiw btìt pfi gllmhits pb omttw pfi mtews tmpgbks+

Pfiw spiml ctygp, ihipmdlis, mk` lgispboa bc gllmhits+

Pfiw msa gllmhits mdbyp gksythikp htbyzs mk` msaxfipfit pfisi gllmhits fmi obkpmops xgpf gksythikp

htbyzs xfik pfiw mti bk pfi ctbkp lgki fim`gkh gkpb

nykhli imspitk bc Wi Pbxksfgz+ &Gc pfi gllmhits `b kbp

akbx mdbyp pfmp bt `b kbp fmi mkw obkpmop xgpf, pfiw

mti msai` dw pfie xfmpiit pfiw xmkp mk` pfik

dlmei`+ Mk`, gc pfi gllmhits mti emlis pfiw xgll di ysi`

ms zbtpits disgìs pmagkh bit xfmp pfiw, pfi ptbbzs,

xmkpi`'


23/54


4? Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmom`i> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

Xfik gllmhits mti gk pfi ctbkplgki, pfbsi xfb lggkh gkpfi obykptwsg`i mlbkh pfi xmw xfiti pfiw Qpfi

Dyteisi dmppmlgbks ptbbzsU mti fim`gkh pb mti itdmllwmdysi`+ Pfbsi lboml zibzli mti pfi wbykh hgtls mk`

emttgi` xbeik ctbe pfi cmeglgis bc Ebk, Amtik, mk`

bpfit ipfkgo zibzli+ _beipgeis, pfiw mti }yispgbki`

mdbyp tidils, mk` pfiw mti iik msai` }yispgbks

obkoitki` xgpf sivymlgpw, omysgkh sfwkiss+

Pfiw pbl` bcc pfbsi lboml zibzli xfb omkkbp szimaDyteisi xill, mk` pfiw lbba `bxk mk` `gsotgegkmpi

pfie+ Pfiw dimp yz mk` pbtpyti lboml zibzli+

Pfbsi mdysis obkpgkyi pb di obeegppi` dw hbitkeikp ptbbzs nysp

lgai dicbti mk` pfbsi mti pfi bkhbgkh mdysis+ Pfgs moobykp mdbi

xms tiemtai` dw Y Pfmt Ewgkp Mwi, cbteit eiedit bc SZ@O

obeegppii, mk` fi gs ctbe Am%kgk Am%emx gllmhi, Wi Pbxksfgz,

Ebk _pmpi+


24/54



FYEMK TGHFP_MDY_I_ GK DML LM%EYY MK@ AM%KGK

AM%EMX SGLLMHI_,WI PBXK_FGZPfi gkpitgixs obk`yopi` xgpf pxb gllmhits ms sfbxk

dilbx tiiml pfmp mlpfbyhf pfi kix ogglgmk%li` hbitkeikp fms

diik gkspmlli` mk` spizs bc ofmkhis fmi spmtpli` gk pfi obykptw,

pfi gllmhits `b kbp sii mkw sghks bc ofmkhi gk pfigt tihgbk+ Tmpfit,

pfiw cmoi sbei fyemk tghfps mdysis obeegppi` dw pfi

hbitkeikps dmppmlgbks+ @yi pb pfi bkhbgkh fyemk tghfps mdysis,

pfiw ythi pfi egkgspits ctbe Ztisgìkp Pfigk _igksmègkgsptmpgbk mk` tisziopgi tihgbks mk` pbxksfgzs pb obei mk`

ebkgpbt pfbsi mdysis+

Dillbx, m 04 wimt bl` Amtik gllmhit ctbe Dml Lm%eyy, Wi

pbxksfgz, Ebk _pmpi, ìsotgdis xfmp agk` bc mdysis pfi gllmhits

fmi pb cmoi mk` fbx pfiw fmi pb tiszbk` gc pfiw omk kbp ztbgì

gkcbtempgbk ti}ygti` dw pfi hbitkeikps dmppmlgbk >

Lmsp Myhysp mk` _izpiedit, xfik LGD Kb+ 97= mk` LGD

Kb+96? dmsi` gk Awmykh Wxmi gllmhi eithi` xgpf GD

Kb+3= dmsi` gk Wi pbxk, pfiw spmhi` mk bzitmpgbk pb `tgi

AKLM dmppmlgbk Kb+ =3 mk` Kb+ =6 mxmw+ Xfgli `bgkh pfgs,

pfiw mdysi` gllmhits dw ysgkh pfisi gllmhits ms zbtpits

mk` ms fyemk sfgil`s+ Pfi LGDs mk` GDs xbyl` mttisp

zibzli cbt kb timsbk mk`, ms zykgsfeikp, mdysi pfie gk

pfi xmws pfmp G nysp eikpgbki`+ Pfiw xbyl` mlsb btìt

gllmhits mtbyk` pb gkcbte pfie mdbyp tidil htbyzs+ Gc

zibzli `g` kbp akbx mkwpfgkh mdbyp tidil htbyzs, pfiw

xbyl` di ofmthi` dw zmwgkh dmhs bc tgoi, dbpplis bc obbagkh

bgl mk` lgispboa+ Pfmp gs xfmp fms ofmkhi`1 zibzli mti spgll

ofmthi` xgpf otgeis pfiw `g` kbp obeegp+ Pfiti fmi kbp

diik mkw ofmkhis+ Lgai dicbti, lbomls mti spgll cbtoi` pb di

lmdbtits mk` mti spgll bzztissi`,


25/54



Ms mk bdsitit bc zblgpgoml gssyis mk` pfi eglgpmtw sgpympgbk gk fgs

tihgbk, Y Awmx Flmgkh &kbp timl kmei', 3:, hgis fgs bzgkgbk mk`

`isotgdis fbx eglgpmtw eik fmi ebti gkclyikoi pfmk pfihbitkeikp mk` fbx pfi lbomls mti syccitgkh>

Ew bzgkgbk gs pfmp, gk pfgs tihgbk, pfi eglgpmtw hbitkeikpgs ebti gkclyikpgml pfmk pfi ogglgmk hbitkeikp+ Y Pfigk

_igks hbitkeikp mk` tisziopgi tihgbk mk` pbxksfgz

egkgspits sfbyl` sii pfi bzztissgbks em`i dw pfi ptbbzs

mk` ebkgpbt pfgs+ Olmges mdbyp zbsgpgi ofmkhis `bkp

fmi mkw mlyi, ms pfiw mti kbp timl+ Pfmp gs xfmp pfizblgpgogmks pmla mdbyp, pfiw smw pfgkhs ms Pfiti mti

ofmkhis gk pfi obykptw1 xi mti fim`gkh pb m zmpf bc

ticbte, G pfgka pfiw mti nysp `times+ Gk timlgpw, lgai dicbti,

xi mti spgll bzztissi`+ Mk` pfik, byt lgci xfgof fms diik

spmezi` hips pbtk mzmtp+ Pfmp gs fbx pfi hbitkeikp

ptbbzs fmi bzztissi` ys+ Gc pfi mtew `bis kbp syzztiss bt

omysi ys pb syccit, xi xbyl` kbp syccit+ Xi `b kbp xmkp pb

sii byt zibzli mdmk`bk pfigt fbeis mk` lmk`s mk` hbmdbmt` pb xbta ms slmis+

Y Awmx Flmgkh gs 3: wimts bl` mk` fi gs ctbe Awmykh Wxmi gllmhi

dyp lgis gk Am%kgk Am%emx gllmhi+


26/54



FYEMK TGHFP_MDY_I_ PFMP PFI LBOML TI_G@IKP_ GK

MF%KGK SGLLMHI MK@ KIMTDWPFMKDWY^MWMPPBXK_FGZ CMOI_

Em Flm Pfmk Qkbp timl kmeiU, ?:, xfb gs m Ebk gllmhit

lggkh gk Mf%Kgk gllmhi, Pfmkdwy~mwmp Pbxksfgz, Ebk _pmpi,

tiemtai` pfi fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks pfmp mti pmagkh zlmoi gk fgs

gllmhi mk` gps kighfdbtgkh gllmhi>

Kbx, pfi sikptw cbt hms zgzilgki sioytgpw, cii cbt sioytgpw,

eimsytgkh lmk`s mk` sillgkh pfi lmk`s mcpit pmagkh bit

fmi spmtpi` fmzzikgkh gk Xmi Am%eii gllmhi mk` Mf%kgk

gllmhi+ Pfgs spmtpi` lmsp Myhysp+

M Xmi Pmx gllmhit, 0:, xfbe sills lbppitw pgoaips pb emai m lggkh,

ivzlmgki` fbx lmk` gs sytiwi` mk` eimsyti` dw emkmhits mk`

hbitkeikp spmcc bc mk ykakbxk obezmkw ctbe pfi ìzmtpeikp bcpfi Lmk` eimsytieikp mk` _ytiw @izmtpeikp>

Ykoylpgmpi` lmk`s mk` gthgk sbgls mti sbl` dw pfi

hbitkeikp pb `gccitikp obezmkgis+ Pfgs lmk` gs `ggì`

gkpb zlbps mk` sbl` dw pfi obezmkw pb lboml tisgìkps+ Xi

smx pfmp pfi obezmkw emkmhits mk` spmcc omei xgpf pfigt

omts pb `b sytiws mk` eimsyti` pfi lmk` ctbe ik` bc

Myhysp pb

pfi siobk` xiia bc _izpiedit+ Pfi hbitkeikpspmcc ctbe Lmk` Eimsytieikp mk` _ytiw @izmtpeikp

omei pb eimsyti pfi lmk`+ G `b kbp akbx xfmp pfmp

obezmkw gs,

Mk gkpitgix xgpf Kmg Pfigk Ewgkp Qkbp timl kmeiU, 38 ctbe

Pfmkdwy~mwmp, sfbxs fbx lmk` gkpik`s pb di sig~i` gk Mf%kgk

gllmhi>


27/54



G fmi lgi` fiti ew ikpgti lgci+ Fbx omk pfiti di

ykoylpgmpi` lmk`s mk` gthgk sbgls fiti2 Xi fmi lgi` byt

xfbli lgis cmtegkh pfisi lmk`s mk` zlmkpmpgbks+ Pfbsilmk`s fmi nysp diik licp

mdbyp ? pb 0 wimts xgpfbyp

oylpgmpgkh pfie ms pfi

bxkits cmoi `gccgoylpgis cbt

pfigt sytgml+ Mk`, sgkoi

pfiw `b kbp fmi ikbyhf

ebkiw pb gkisp, pfiw

omkkbp mccbt` oylpgmpgkhpfigt lmk`s+ Pb aiiz

xbtagkh bk pfi lmk`, pfi

bxkits fmi pb fgti lmdbts

mk` dyw citpglg~its+ Wip,

pfiw gkisp ebti ebkiw bk

pfi ztb`yops pfiw kii` pb oylpgmpi pfigt lmk` pfmk pfi

ztbcgp pfiw hip ctbe pfigt lmk`+ M``gpgbkmllw, ms

lmk`bxkits, xi hip ivpbtpi` dw Dyteisi Mtew ptbbzs, sbpfmp gs xfw xi nysp limi byt lmk`s xgpfbyp oylpgmpgkh+

Mk`, xi fimt` pfmp kbx, pfi hbitkeikp mk` obezmkw

bxkits xgll obei pb pmai bit pfi lmk`s+ Gc pfiw pmai bit,

pfi bxkits xgll ìcgkgpilw cmll mzmtp+ Pfisi obezmkgis xgll

mlsb eimsyti cbytpiik motis bc ew `myhfpits+ _fi gs itwctysptmpi` mk` ìztissi`+ Pfmp gs xfmp fmzziks fiti kbx+

Kb bki akbxs xfik pfiw xgll obei pb obkcgsompi byt lmk`s

wip+ Dyp, xi mti syti pfmp sbeibki gk pfi kmei bc pfihbitkeikp xgll sig~i byt lmk`s+ Gk tihmt`s pb pfi kix

hbitkeikp Kmg Pfigk Ewgkp eikpgbki` pfmp Xi akbx

pfmp pfiti gs m kix yknysp hbitkeikp gkspmlli` dyp lgai G

smg` imtlgit, pfiti gs kb zbsgpgi ofmkhi mk` ticbte,

M gllmhit, ?3, xbtagkh ms m Amtik lgpitmpyti mk` oylpyti pimofit gk

Xmi Am%eii gllmhi, Wi Pbxksfgz, Ebk _pmpi ìsotgdi` fbx fgs


28/54



ipfkgo zibzli fmi cmoi` syccitgkhs, tghfps mdysis, gknyspgoi, mk`

bzztissgbks mk` kb ofmkhis ztbebpgkh fyemk tghfps fmi diik

pmaik zlmoi wip>

Gc xi lbba dmoa sgkoi pfi kmpgbkxgì iliopgbks mk` msa

fbx pfi hbitkeikp ptbbzs fmi bzztissi` ys % pfi Amtik

zibzli, pfi }yispgbks omk di mksxiti` dw Xmi Lmw

gllmhits ms xgpkissis Qmk` gopgesU+ Pb`mw spgll, fyemk

tghfps mdysis mti spgll fmzzikgkh+ Lgai xfmp ew obysgk

cmoi`, emkw bpfit Amtik zibzli xiti ìhtmì` dw

hbitkeikps ptbbzs smg`+ Xi xbyl` fimt> Wby mti Amtikzibzli dbtk ms tidils xfbe cbt ys pb agll mk` eikpmllw

mk` zfwsgomllw sycciti`, dicbti hippgkh aglli`, dw pfi

Dyteisi ptbbzs+ Pfmp gs xfmp fmzziki` mcpit pfi iliopgbks+

Xi Amtik zibzli mti pfi bkis pfmp mti syccitgkh pfi ebsp

mdysis obeegppi` gk pfi mtei` obkclgops obezmti` pb

bpfit ipfkgo htbyzs+ Gp gs mlsb ptyi pfmp Ebk zibzli fmi

sycciti` dw lbsgkh pfigt dysgkissis+ Dyp, tihmt`gkh ìmpfs,

xi Amtik zibzli syccit ebti+ Fbxiit, gc xi lbba dmoa, xixgll sii pfmp pfi kixs sztim`gkh gk Kmwzwg`mx mk`

Tmkhbbk gs mdbyp zbsgpgi zblgpgoml ofmkhis+ Pfi bklw

zbsgpgi ofmkhis mti gk pfibtw, dyp kbp gk timl lgci+ Xi mti

nysp lgai pfi smk` xms zbyti` gkpb xmpit+ Mk`, wis, pfiti

xgll di gsgdli gc xmpit xms zbyti` gk pfi smk`+ Kbx, xi

xgll bklw tiobhkg~i ofmkhis gc pfiti gs kb gknyspgoi mk`

bzztissgbk gkclgopi` dw pfi hbitkeikp ptbbzs iik gc

pfisi ptbbzs smw pfiw mti zmtp bc m kix hbitkeikp btìebotmpgo hbitkeikp+

Xfgli pfi msp emnbtgpw bc pfi gllmhis gk pfi tihgbk cmoi` eylpgzli

gkspmkois bc htbss fyemk gblmpgbks, syof ms cbtoi` lmdbyt, lmk`

obkcgsompgbk, ebkiw mk` ztbzitpgis ivpbtpgbk, pbtpyti dw

mooysmpgbk ms tidils, mp limsp iliik gllmhis gk sbypfitk Ebk _pmpi

mk` kbtpfitk Pikmssitge @ggsgbk fmi cmoi` mdysis dw pfi _Z@O


29/54



mtew, gkoly`gkh cbtoi` zbtpitgkh mk` cbtoi` lmdbt bk pfi

obksptyopgbk bc m gllmhi cikoi, ms xill ms `mw mk` kghfp sioytgpw

`ypw+ Pfi cikogkh ztbniop mtbyk` pfisi mcciopi` gllmhis gsobezbyk`s ìsghki` pb ikpgtilw ikogtoli pfi gllmhi, mk ykysyml

btìt obezmti` pb ztigbys ìemk`s cbt cikoi obksptyopgbk pfmp

ti}ygti` bklw zmtpgml cikoi obksptyopgbk+ Pfi mzzmtikp mge bc pfi

dmppmlgbks pfmp gssyi` pfisi btìts gs pb sizmtmpi imof gllmhi ctbe

bypsgì obkpmop kbp emì pftbyhf mkw bc mtew obkptblli` hmpis+

Lboml tisgìkps mti cbtoi` pb obksptyop pfgs ztbniop ysgkh xbb`

zgllmts, dmedbb, gtbk kmgls, hmpfiti` xgpf pfigt bxk pgei, ebkiw

mk` tisbytois+

Sgllmhits ctbe tyddit mk` dipil kyps zlmkpmpgbks, zm``w cgil`s mk`

cgsfitgis xfb bcpik omkkbp mccbt` pb zmw pfigt xmw byp bc pfi xbta

`yi pb pfigt mltim`w fmk` pb ebypf sydsgspikoi gkobei, fmi lgppli

ofbgoi gk cbllbxgkh btìts hgik+ Cbtoi` zbtpitgkh mk` lmdbyt

ykìtegkis gllmhits( mdglgpw pb sytgi dw kbp bklw cbtogkh pfie pb

xbta xgpfbyp obeziksmpgbk, ysgkh pfigt bxk tisbytois pb cii`

pfie, dyp ebti sghkgcgomkplw pmagkh pfie mxmw ctbe pfigt bxkxbta pfmp kbtemllw ztbgìs cbt pfigt bxk lgilgfbb`s+ Sgllmhits

xfb ticysi bt mti ykmdli pb cgllw pfisi `ypgis mti zykgsfi`

siitilw, tmkhgkh ctbe fimw cgkis, mk` gkspmkoi pfmp pfi xbta gs

cglli`, pb fimw cgkis mk` mttisp, bt pbtpyti+ Kmk Ewgkp Xmg, m

tisgìkp bc Xmi Afm%eii gllmhi, _bypfitk Pfmkdwy~mwmp

Pbxksfgz ivztissi` fit bzgkgbk tihmt`gkh bk pfi oyttikp bkhbgkh

fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks gk fit mtims+

Gc G fmi pb pill, pfiti gs mp limsp bki mdysi omsi obeegppi` dw

Dyteisi ptbbzs pb gllmhits tisg`gkh gk pfgs gllmhi ptmoa sgkoi pfi

kix hbitkeikp xms gkspmlli`+ Pfi mdysis obeegppi` gk pfgs mtim

mti cbtoi` lmdbt, zbtpit, lmk` obkcgsompgbk, ivpbtpgbk1 hb cbt sikptw

`ypgis, cii cbt sioytgpw cbtois, mk` sikptw cbt hms zgzilgki1 sitgkh


30/54


?: Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmom`i> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

ykzmg` xbta mp pfi dmppmlgbks dmsis, dimpik%yz, mk` mooysmpgbk ms

tidils+ _beipgeis, gllmhits ctbe byt gllmhi cmoi` pfbsi mdysis

xfgli sbeipgeis byt kighfdbts `g` ms xill ms xi bytsilisikobykpiti` pfbsi mdysis+ Gp fmzziks lgai pfmp+ ++ Pfiw nysp

diobei oggl eglgpgm+ Lboml mypfbtgpgis mti nysp ofmkhi`+ Xfmp G

xmkp pb smw gs pfmp pfiti mti spgll gknyspgois mk` bzztissgbks hbgkh

bk gk pfgs mtim+ G sii kbpfgkh ofmkhis+ G omk smw pfmp pfi

hbitkeikp ptbbzs mti spgll ztmopgogkh pfbsi agk`s bc mdysis mk`

pfi mdysis mti bkhbgkh, tiogpi` dw Kmk Ewgkp Xmg+

Kmk Ewgkp Xmg &kbp m timl kmei',?6, m cbteit eg``li%sofbblpimofit, Wi Pbxksfgz, Ebk _pmpi+

Ebsp bc pfi lboml gllmhits ivztissi` pfmp pfiw xmkpi` pb

sii pfi hikygki zimoi gk pfi obykptw mk` spbz oggl xmt pmthipi` pb

ipfkgo mtei` htbyzs+ Emkw bc pfie fmi diik syccitgkh ctbe pfi

mtei` obkclgops zmgkcyllw+

$Pfiti xgll di timl ofmkhis gk byt mtim, gc dbpf mtei`

htbyzs ispmdlgsfi` zimois mk` pfiti mti kb ebti Dyteisi

ptbbzs gk pfi tihgbk+ Xi bklw obksg`it pfi ofmkhis gc pfiti

mti kb bzztissgbks obeegppi` dw pfi hbitkeikp ptbbzs

lgai xfmp pfiw fmi `bki pb ys dicbti+ Gc pfmp ofmkhi timllw

fmzziks, pfiti xgll di kb syof `gccgoylpgis"syccitgkhs gk

pfgs tihgbk, smg` dw _mx Mykh Pgk &kbp timl kmei', ?7+

_mx Mykh Pgk gs m Amtik gllmhit, mk` fi gs ctbe _ip%amx gllmhi,

Pfmkdwy~mwmp Pbxksfgz, Ebk _pmpi+


31/54


?= Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmomì> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

CBTOI@ PB ZTBSG@I PFI GKCBTEMPGBK BC TIDIL MTEI@

HTBYZ_

EBSIEIKP_ PB HBSITKEIKP PTBBZ_

Pfi lboml tisgìkps ctbe Wi mk` Pfmkdwy~mwmp pbxksfgzs

mti cbtoi` pb ztbgì gkcbtempgbk bc tidil mtei` htbyzs pb

hbitkeikp ptbbzs+ Diomysi pfi tisgìkps mti smg` pb di hgik mkw

tilimkp zykgsfeikps gc pfiw `b kbp gkcbte bt tizbtp pb pfi ptbbzs,

pfiw fmi pb mdmk`bk pfigt xbta mk` cgk` pfi gkcbtempgbk pb

ztbgì+

Nysp lgai pfgs1 xi fmi pb limi byt xbta difgk` mk` xi,

iitw gllmhit, fmi pb gkcbte Qmdbyp tidil htbyzs pb

hbitkeikps ptbbzsU+ Kbx, xi fmi pb gkcbte ebti bcpik+

Gp gs kbksiksi> gc xi pfgka pfmp xi spgll fmi pb tizbtp pb

pfie xfik pfiti gs kb tidil htbyz gs mtbyk`+ Xi fmi pb

tizbtp pfie iitw `mw, mk` gc xi `b kbp `b sb, xill di

zykgsfi` xgpf tilmpi` zykgsfeikp pwzis+ Diomysi pfiw

ctghfpik pb ys lgai pfmp, xi fmi pb zyp byt xbta msgì mk`tizbtp pfie,

Pb fmi mooiss pb gkcbtempgbk mdbyp ykysyml mk`gksythikps mopggpgis ctbe zibzli, pfmp gs bki bc pfi

zblgogis ysi` dw pfi hbitkeikp mtew gk Wi mk`

Pfmkdwy~mwmp pbxksfgzs+ Pfmp zblgow gs bki bc pfi zblgogis

omysgkh mdysis pb lboml zibzli mk` gp fms diik ysi` cbt m

lbkh pgei+ Dyp, nysp lgai dicbti kb ofmkhgkh, pfiw spgll ysigp iik pfbyhf pfi kix ogglgmk hbitkeikp fms gkspmlli`+

Pfmp gs pfi btìt ctbe pfi dmppmlgbks ykìt Eglgpmtw Bzitmpgbk

Emkmhieikp Obeemk` &EBEO' Kb+ =7+ Pfi btìt ti}ygtis iitw

fbysifbl` gk iitw gllmhi pb tizbtp gk pytk `mglw xfipfit bt kbp

pfi ptbbzs ctbe pfi Amtik Kmpgbkml Ykgbk &AKY' dtghmì Kb+ 3,

Amtik Kmpgbkml Lgditmpgbk Mtew &AKLM' mk` Kmg Afgk Emykh li`


32/54


?4 Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmomì> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

Ebk szlgkpit htbyz, mti digkh mopgi gk pfi tihgbk+ Bthmkg~i` dw

pfi tisziopgi gllmhi mègkgsptmpgbk eiedits, pfi gllmhits fmi

pb ztbgì pfi gkcbtempgbk pb lboml dmsi` dmppmlgbk bccgois ztgbt pb9 ZE+ Mcpit hmpfitgkh pfi gkcbtempgbk, pfiw fmi pb obei pb bccgois

mk` tizbtp itdmllw bt ztbgì xtgppik tizbtp mdbyp xfipfit pfiw

bzzbsi` mtei` htbyzs ptmil dw, oblliop ivpbtpgbk ciis, dyw

tmpgbks, hip ei`goml ptimpeikps, mk` obei pb gsgp pfigt tilmpgis+

Btìtgkh pfi gllmhits pb `b pfgs, pfi hbitkeikp ptbbzs

omk mbg` pfi `mkhit bc mppmoas dw bzzbsi` mtei` htbyzs mk`

smi pfigt zitsbkmls+

Fbxiit, gc pfi gllmhits mti ykmdli pb tizbtp, pfi ptbbzs

xgll cgk` cmylp xgpf pfie mk` ms m zykgsfeikp, pfiw ofmthi pfi

gllmhits xgpf ebkiw bt cbb` syzzlgis+ Pfi lboml tisgìkps otgpgog~i

pfmp pfi hbitkeikp ptbbzs mti kbp mopgi gk pfi lboml mtims `ytgkh

pfgs kix &ogglgmk' hbitkeikp mègkgsptmpgbk+

Kiitpfiliss, gc xi lbba dmoa bk pfi icciops pfmp pfiw cmoi

mcpit digkh cbtoi` pb xbta, xi omk sii pfmp gllmhits fmi pb zyp

msgì pfigt xbta, xfgof pfiw ìzik` bk cbt pfigt sytgml+

M``gpgbkmllw, pfiw fmi pb ztbgì gkcbtempgbk, dw xtgpgkh tizbtps

gk Dyteisi mcpit hmpfitgkh gkcbtempgbk bdpmgki` xfgli msagkh

bpfits cbt filz xgpf ptmkslmpgkh+ Mk`, pfiw mti cbyk` cmylp dw pfi

bccgoi mypfbtgpgis xfik pfiw obei pb tizbtp pfi kixs itdmllw

Qivztissi` gk szbaik xbt`sU+ Pfiw fmi pb ztbgì ebkiw bt cbb`

syzzlgis gc pfiw omkkbp tizbtp xfik pfmps pfigt pytk, kbp pb didlmei`, mk` pfiw fmi pb cmoi pfi zykgsfeikp hgik dw tidil

mtei` htbyzs mkwpgei+ Pfbsi mti cmops oblliopi` ctbe pfi lboml

tisgìkps pftbyhf gkpitgixs+


33/54


?? Dytem(s @iebotmpgo Cmomì> Fyemk Tghfp Mdysis Obkpgkyi`

Lboml tisgìkps ivztissi` pfmp gk hikitml, iik pfbyhf xi

omk ì`yoi pfmp pfi xfbli obykptw gs fim`gkh pb pfi zmpf bc

ticbte, gc xi lbba olbsilw mk` bdsiti omticyllw, xi omk sii pfmppfi hbitkeikps ptbbzs mti spgll obeegppgkh fyemk tghfps mdysis+

FYTCBEs cgil` tizbtpits oblliopi` gkcbtempgbk cgk`gkhpfi cbllbxgkh cmops ctbe imtlw Bopbdit pb lmpi Kbiedit+ Lboml

tisgìkps lggkh gk siitml gllmhis lbompi` gk Wi mk` Pfmkdwy~mwmp

pbxksfgzs xiti cbtoi` pb ztbgì gkcbtempgbk+ FYTCBE

obk`yopi` =0 gkpitgixs ctbe 4= Amtik mk` Ebk gllmhis mk`

FYTCBE `boyeikpi` pfigt spbtgis mk` moobykps+

Gkoly`gkh byt gllmhi fimèmk mk` tiztisikpmpgi, pfi

gllmhi fimèik mk` tiztisikpmpgis ctbe 4= bpfit

gllmhis lbompi` mlbkh pfi fghfxmw ctbe Pfmkdwy~mwmp pb

Wi, xiti gkgpi` dw pmopgo Omzpmgk Pgk Emykh Ofb mk` fgs

eik pb mppik` pfi eiipgkh bk Bopbdit 47+ Pfi eiipgkh xms

mdbyp fbx lboml tisgìkps fmi pb tizbtp mkw kixs

ximpfit pfiw cgk` gp sghkgcgomkp bt kbp bc tidil mtei`htbyzs pfmp mti mopgi gk sbypfitk, imspitk, mk`

kbtpfimspitk Wi Pbxksfgz pb Qpfi olbsispU lboml dmsi`

Qhbitkeikp ptbbzsU bccgoi+ Pfi gllmhits fmi pb tizbtp

pfi kixs gk zitsbk+ Mll gllmhits ctbe pfi 4= gllmhis,

mppikì` pfi eiipgkhs fil` dw pfigt tisziopgi fim`s mk`

tiztisikpmpgis, mk` xiti pbl` pb ztbgì kixs gk pytk,

tiemtai` dw htmk`zm _mx Fpyy, 34, ctbe Fkgk _bki

gllmhi, Wi Pbxksfgz+

EBEO Kb+ =7s pmopgo Kb+ 4 Omzpmgk Pgk Emykh Ofb

oyttikplw dmsi` gk LGD Kb+ ?0? dmsi` olbsi pb Mftyy Pmykh

gllmhi, Wi Pbxksfgz+ Gkoly`gkh pfi gllmhi fim` mk`

eiedits bc pfi Sgllmhi Mègkgsptmpgbk &SM' ctbe pfi Fkgk

_bki gllmhi ptmop, pfi gllmhi fim`s mk` SM eiedits ctbe

bpfit gllmhis, fm` m eiipgkh xgpf pfi Omzpmgk fgs eik, mk`


34/54



iitw gllmhit, bc xfgof mll fm` pb tizbtp mdbyp tidil mtei`

htbyzs+ Mp pfi eiipgkh, gp xms smg` pfmp gp gs pfi

tiszbksgdglgpw bc gllmhits pb tizbtp+ Gc pfi gllmhits omk kbptizbtp mdbyp pfigt ikiegis pb pfie `mglw, pfisi gllmhits

fmi pb cmoi zykgsfeikps+ Mlsb, gc pfi gkcbtempgbk pfiw

tizbtp gs cmlsi, pfiw xgll di zykgsfi` ebti, smg` dw m SM

eiedit, xfb mppik`i` pfi eiipgkh mk` sitis gllmhis

pfmp mti zti`begkmkplw Amtik gk Lm%egki _yd%pbxksfgz, Wi

Pbxksfgz+

G pfgka, `ytgkh pfgs kix hbitkeikp zitgb`, pfi gllmhitsmti cbtoi` pb xbta eyof ebti pfmk `ytgkh pfi lmsp

hbitkeikp+ Kbx, xfipfit pfi gllmhits hbp kixs bt kbp,

pfiw fmi pb tizbtp+ Pfgs lim`s pb gllmhits xgpf m fghf

cykopgbk gk sbogipw, syof ms lim`its pb lbsi cmgpf gk pfi

swspie+ Dicbti, xi pwzgomllw tizbtp ykysyml kixs pb pfie+


35/54



Kbx, gp gs kbp nysp ykysyml kixs, dyp pfi gllmhits fmi pb

ztbgì kixs nysp lgai `mglw tizbtps+ Gp gs hbb` cbt pfi

gllmhits pb tizbtp xfik pfmps pfigt pytks mcpit bdsitgkhpxb `mws mfim`+ Cbt ys, pfi gllmhi fimèmk fms pb gkcbte

pfi gllmhits gc pfmp `mw gs pfigt pytk, filz xtgpi pfi tizbtp

gk Dyteisi mk` filz pfie xgpf mkwpfgkh+ Ms G fmi pb `b

pfgs iitw `mw, gp mcciops byt lgilgfbb`+ Kbx, gp fms mcciopi`

ys m lbp1 G `b kbp fmi pgei pb hb xbta gk ew btofmt`, smg`

dw pfi SM eiedit+

Diomysi pftii gllmhits xfbsi cmgli` pb tizbtp `ytgkh pfigt pytksmdbyp bki ykgp ctbe AKLM, xfik dmppmlgbk Kb+ =3 omei pb Dii%

amgk gllmhi pb dyw cbb` syzzlgis mk` pbbls cbt obeeykgompgbk,

pfbsi gllmhits xiti dimpik yz mk` ìemkì` pb zmw cgkis+ Pfgs

moobykp gs hgik dw Kmg Wgk Qzsiy`bkweU, 06, m Ebk gllmhit,

xbtagkh ms btofmt` xbtait, ctbe Fkgk _bki gllmhi, bk Kb+44+

Bk pfmp `mw G xikp pb Dii%amgk gllmhi pb sill ew bvik, mk`

G fimt` ctbe pfi gllmhits pfmp ptii gllmhits xiti dimpikyz dw ptbbzs ctbe LGD Kb+ ?0?+ G cbthbp pb msa pfi kmeis bc

pfbsi gllmhits+ G fimt` pfmp pfbsi gllmhits mti ?: 9:

wimts bl` mk` pfiw xbta gk dipil kyp mk` tyddit

zlmkpmpgbks+ Pfi ptbbzs mltim`w hbp kixs pfmp pfi Amtik

mtei` htbyzs omei pb dyw cbb`s mk` dmppitgis pb ysi cbt

obeeykgompgbk ìgois+ Pfi gllmhits hbp fgp mk` dimpik

yz+ Bki bc pfi pftii gllmhits, hbp sbei bc fgs piipf dtbaik

mk` hbp fgs fim` otmoai`+ Pfmp gs diomysi pfi gllmhits `g`kbp ztbgì pfgs kixs gk pfi tizbtp+ Mk`, ms zykgsfeikp,

pfiw xiti ìpmgki` cbt bki kghfp mk` gk pfi kivp ebtkgkh1

pfigt cmeglgis mk` pfi Dii%amgp gllmhi fimèmk omei pb hip

pfie gk ivofmkhi cbt 9:::: Awmp+ Pfmp gs xfmp G fimt`

ctbe m Dii%amgk gllmhi cmeglw xfik G xikp pfiti pb sill ew

bvik+ Gk byt gllmhi, xi mlsb fmi pb tizbtp gk pytk, dyp kb


36/54



bki fms cmoi` mdysi lgai pfgs, wip+ Mk`, xi, pfi gllmhits,

obyl` kbp hb cbt xbta+

Moobt`gkh pb Amlmpi Pmykh gllmhi fim` _mx Pmt _ml, EBEO Kb+

=7s pmopgo Kb+ 4 Omzpmgk Pgk Emykh Ofb fgesilc smg` mp m eiipgkh

pfmp gc pfi hbitkeikp ptbbzs mk` AKYs ptbbzs ikhmhi` gkcghfpgkh mtbyk` pfi gllmhi, pfi gllmhits ctbe pfmp gllmhi fmi pb

ebi byp bc pfi gllmhi+

Mp m eiipgkh obkoitki` mdbyp lboml sioytgpw, xfik G

ztisikp pb fge QOmzp+ Pgk Emykh OfbU gc pfi gllmhits spgllfmi pb tizbtp iik pfbyhf pfiti gs kb kixs, gp xgll omysi

gllmhits ykmdli pb hb cbt xbta, mk` zlimsi pfgka mdbyp pfmp

cbt ys+ Fi tizlgi` Xfikiit pfi tidil htbyzs mti mopgi gk

pfgs mtim, pfi gllmhits fmi pb ztbg`i pfi kixs+ Mk`, gc pfiti

gs m cghfp dipxiik pfi ikiew mk` byt ptbbzs, wby, pfi

gllmhits, fmi pb ebsi byp pfi sgllmhi+G pfgka, pfmp xms bk

Bopbdit =4+ Digkh m gllmhi fim`, G fmi pb cmoi m lbp bc

ptbydli+ Mlpfbyhf pfi hbitkeikp fms diik ofmkhi`, pfiswspie bc hbitkgkh byt tihgbk fms kbp ofmkhi`+ Gp gs nysp

lgai dicbti+ Kbx, tihmt`gkh pfgs omsi, gps xbtsi, smg` dw

pfi gllmhi fim`+

Moobt`gkh pb mk gkpitgix obk`yopi` bk Kb+ 46, xgpf _mx Awg

Afgk, ?9, xfb gs m Dgk Amlxmi gllmhit fms tizbtpi` kixs pftii

pgeis, pfys cmt+ Fi fms tizbtpi` mdbyp AKY ptbbzs mk` bpfit

gksythikow htbyzs+ Tizbtpgkh pb pfi hbitkeikp, emw fmi

iviezpi` fge ctbe cmogkh egsptimpeikp gkclgopi` dw pfi

hbitkeikp+ Fbxiit, _mx Awg Afgk kbx cimts cbt fgs smcipw, ms fi

gs tghfpcyllw ctghfpiki` bc gksythikow htbyzs+


37/54



G nysp fmi pb tizbtp gkcbtempgbk ms Ge mctmg` bc

hbitkeikp ptbbzs+ Kb bki akbxs xfipfit gksythikow

htbyzs cbthgi ys cbt tizbtpgkh mdbyp pfie pb hbitkeikpptbbzs+ Ebsp bc pfi AKY ptbbzs akbx pfi hbitkeikp

ptbbzs eiedits+ Pfiw emw ykìtspmk` ys mk` xfw xigkcbte pfi hbitkeikp+ Dyp, pfi Ebk szlgkpit htbyz, li` dw

Kmg Afgk Emykh, xgll agll ys, gc fi cgk`s byp pfmp xi fmi

diik gkcbtegkh pfi hbitkeikp+ Pfiw xgll ztbdmdlw pfgka

pfmp xi mti pfi hbitkeikp ptbbzs gkcbtemkps+ Pfmp gs

xfw Ge mctmg`+ Disgì ei, pfiti mti mlsb lbps bc gllmhits

xfb mti xbttgi` mdbyp pfgs mk` mctmg` dyp pfiw fmi pbxbta Qztbgì pfi gkcbU+ Mlsb, xi omk kbp hb pb byt nbd

xfik xi xmkp, xi mti pbb somti`+


38/54



Dilbx gs pfi lgsp bc gllmhis pfmp mti lbompi` mlbkh pfi fghfxmw pfmp

lgkas Wi pb Pfmkdwy~mwmp pbxksfgzs+ Mk`, pfi gllmhits gk pfbsi

gllmhis mti cbtoi` pb tizbtp mdbyp pfi hbitkeikp mtewsbzzbsi` mtei` htbyzs+

=+ Fkgk _bki gllmhi4+ Dgk Am%lxbk gllhi?+ Pmdgk Pmgkh gllmhi0+ Abk @yy gllmhi9+ _mt Am%lmi gllmhi

3+ Amlim @bz gllmhi8+ Amlim Pmykh gllmhi6+ Dii Amgk gllmhi7+ Egk Flm Mwi gllmhi=:+Pfy Lmi gllmhi==+Pfii Zbx Eyy gllmhi

Dilbx gs pfi lgsp bc gllmhis yk`it Xmi Am%eii gllmhi ptmoa,

Pfmkdwy~mwmp Pbxksfgz, xfiti pfi GD Kb+34 gs dmsi`+ Mk`, pfigllmhits ctbe pfbsi gllmhis fmi pb kbp bklw zmw pfi cii bc

zgzilgki sioytgpw dyp mlsb tizbtp `mglw+

=' Dmw Lmegki gllmhi4' Mykh Pfm%dwmw gllmhi?' Xmi Am%eii gllmhi0' Xmi Pmx gllmhi9' Zmgk Kmipmx gllmhi3' Gkk Am%dmt gllmhi8' Wxmi Pmt Mwi gllmhi6' Khm%zwmx Pmx gllmhi7' Lmgkemx Ofmk gllmhi=:'Zmwmt Abk gllmhi=='Mykh Pmtwmt gllmhi+


39/54



_IGÎ@ TYDDIT ZLMKPMPGBK_ KIMT LMI HWG MK@ EMX

HWG SGLLMHI_

Pfi gllmhits fmi pb zmw lboml dmsi` dmppmlgbks pfi ciis cbt

pfie pb di mllbxi` pb xbta bk pfigt bxk tyddit zlmkpmpgbks, dipil

kyp zlmkpmpgbks, mk` bpfit lbkh%pite otbz zlmkpmpgbks+ Dicbti,

pfiti xiti tiobt`s bc gllmhits pfmp obyl` xbta bk pfigt

zlmkpmpgbks cbt bki wimt ms pfiw hmi pfi mebykp bc bki wimt bc

ciis+ Dyp, lmpit bk, diomysi pfiti xiti kb tiobt`s emì dw pfi

dmppmlgbks mk` diomysi bc pfigt omtilisskiss, pfi kixlw%ptmkscitti` dmppmlgbks ivpbtpi` lmk` bxkits xgpf ciis mk`

mllbxmkois mhmgk cbt pfie pb xbta bk pfigt lmk`s `ytgkh pfigt

Qkixlw%ebi` dmppmlgbksU zitgb`s+

Xi fmi pb zmw pfi Omzpmgks =:,::: Awmp cbt zitegps pb

xbta bk byt tyddit zlmkpmpgbks+ Mll bc ys fmi pb zmw pfi

ciis1 cbt ivmezli, pb hip zitegp cbt byt ? sbks mk` 4 fgti`

xbtaits pb xbta bk byt 6 motis tyddit zlmkpmpgbk, xi fmipb zmw 9:,::: Awmp cbt imof zitsbk+ Dicbti, xi fm` pb zmw

pfi cii pb Obeemkìt Fpyk Pip Kmgkh mk` fgs htbyz cbt m

bki wimt zitegp, mk` pfiw hmi ys m zitegp QlippitU pb xbta+

Dyp, lmpit, xi cbyk` byp pfmp pfmp zitegp gs kbp mlg` cbt bki

wimt+ Xi zmg` pfi cii gk imtlw Emw, dyp xi mti ofmthi`

mhmgk 8 ebkpfs lmpit+ Pfiw sfyp `bxk pfmp ztbniop mhmgk+

Mk`, kbx pfi kixlw mttgi` Omzpmgk Ewgp Bb mk` fgs htbyz

smg` pfi zitegp lippit gs kbp mlg` mkwebti+ Gc xi, ms pfigllmhits, xmkp pb aiiz xbtagkh bk byt zlmkpmpgbks, xi

fmi pb tihgspit cbt zitegssgbk mhmgk+ Pfgs fmzziki`

wispit`mw ebtkgkh &Kbiedit 43' xfik pfi btìt omei+

Fbx omk G tizmw pfmp cii2 Kbx, xi mti kbp mllbxi` pb pmz

byt tyddit zlmkpmpgbks mkwebti, eikpgbki` Ab Afgk_fxi, 0:, xfb ìzik`s bk fgs tyddits mk` dipil kyp

zlmkpmpgbks cbt sytgml+


40/54



Ab Afgk _fxis kmpgi zlmoi gs Widwy Pbxk, dyp kbx fi lgis kimt

Lmi Hwg gllmhi, mk` FYTCBE cgil` tizbtpit obk`yopi` mk

gkpitgix xgpf fge bk Kbiedit 48+

Pfi gllmhits lggkh gk Lmi Hwg, Emx Hwg, mk` Egk Pmt

gllmhis mk` bk pfi gslmk` bc Awxi Pfbk Kwg Em bxk pfbysmk`s bc

motis bc tyddit ptiis, dipil kyps, mk` bpfit wimt lbkh ctygps

zlmkpmpgbks+ Pfisi gllmhits mti ofmthi` lmthi mebykps bc ebkiw

dw lbomllw dmsi` Kmw Mtew Kb+0? mk` LGD Kb+ 464 mk` Kb+ 48?

ykìt pfi obeemk` bc Am`gai dmsi` hbitkeikp kmw tihgbkml

obeemk` pb hip zitegppi` pb xbta bk pfigt zlmkpmpgbks+ Wip,disgìs ivpbtpgkh lboml lmk` bxkits xgpf lmthi syes bc ebkiw cbt

zitegps pb xbta bk pfigt bxk lmk`s, pfi Kmw fms mlsb obkcgsompi`

kyeitbys motis bc lmk`s+

Lmsp Nyki%Nylw, FYTCBE tilimsi` m tizbtp mdbyp pfbysmk`s

bc pfi motis bc tyddit zlmkpmpgbk bxki` dw lboml gllmhits, xfb

fimglw

ìzikì` bk pfizlmkpmpgbks cbt

pfigt lgilgfbb`s,

xiti sig~i` dw

Am`gai dmsi`

Kmw Kb+ 0? cbt

ivzmksgbk bc

pfigt dmsis+ Mlsb,

gk m``gpgbk pblmk` sig~yti, pfi

kmw emtai`

bpfit bit ?:::

motis bc tyddit ptiis mk` dipil kyp zlmkpmpgbks, dilbkhgkh pb lbomls+

Pfisi kmw mk` mtew ptbbzs ofmthi` =:,::: Awmp zit zlmkpmpgbk

bxkit, xfgli pfiw ìemkì` pfi xfbli cmeglw bc zlmkpmpgbk pb zmw


41/54



?:,::: Awmp cbt pfi zitegssgbk bc xbtagkh bk pfigt bxk

zlmkpmpgbks+

Pb hip m zitegp pb xbta, xi pfi xfbli cmeglw fms pb zmw

?:,::: Awmp+ Tiobt`gkh 0 zitsbks mti mdli pb xbta1 pfiw

hgi pfmp zitegp QlippitU+ Xi fmi pb zmw pfie cbt ys pb pmz

byt bxk tyddit ptiis+ Xi mti mll fiti pfbyhf pfmp pfiw

tiobtì` pfi lgsps bc mk` moobykps bc pfi lmk` bxkits mk`

aizp pfie mxmw ms pfiw ztb`yoi` zitegps+ Kbx, ms pfi

Omzpmgk mk` Obeemkìt pfmp ztb`yoi` pfi zitegps ebi`mxmw, pfi zitegps mti kbp mlg` mkwebti &sgkoi

Kbiedit'+ Ms xi fmi pb tihgspit cbt pfi zitegp mhmgk, gp

obsps ys mhmgk+ Dicbti, xi bxki` bit ?: motis bc tyddit

zlmkpmpgbk+ Dyp, imtlgit bc pfgs wimt, pfi kmw pbba bit =4

motis bc pfi zlmkpmpgbk+ Wip, bc pfi tiemgkgkh =6 motis, xi

bklw fmi tyddit ptiis licp gk =4 motis+ Mk` xi mti

xbtagkh bk pfbsi tiemgkgkh motis dw zmwgkh mllbxmkoisQpmvisU+ Fbx omk xi zmw pfi mllbxmkois pb pfie bit mk`

bit mhmgk2 Xi mti kbx gk `gccgoylpgis+ Kbx, pfi

hbitkeikp fms ofmkhi` dyp fiti gk byt gllmhi, kb bki

obeis pb ofmkhi mkwpfgkh mk` pfi sgpympgbk gs xbtsi pfmk

dicbti+ Ms xi obyl` fmt`lw smi cbt byt sytgml, mk` xi

fmi pb zmw pfi hbitkeikp, gp gs nysp pfmp gc xi omkkbp zmw,

xi omkkbp xbta, tiobykpi` dw Ab Fpyk Kmgkh &kbp timlkmei', 00, ctbe Egk Pfmt gllmhi, Widwy Pbxksfgz+

Ab Kwmk Zfmw xfb fms pb zmw pb xbta bk fgs bxk zlmkpmpgbk

ìsotgdis fbx lbomllw bxki` tyddit zlmkpmpgbks xiti sig~i`, mk`

fbx fi mk` bpfit zlmkpmpgbks bxkits fmi pb zmw cbt zitegssgbk

bc xbtagkh bk pfigt tyddit zlmkpmpgbks, ivzlmgks pfigt sgpympgbk ms

cbllbxs>


42/54



Pb pmz byt bxk tyddit zlmkps mk` pb xbta bk byt bxk

zlmkpmpgbk, xi pfi gllmhits fm` pb zmw ebkiw pb pfi

hbitkeikp mtew ykgps+ Gc wby `bk(p dilgii pfgs, zlimsi

obei mk` spmw fiti cbt m ebkpf+ Zibzli ctbe bpfit

tihgbks omk(p gemhgki ms pfiw fmi kiit ikobykpiti` gp+

Xi diomei slmis bc pfi mtew m lbkh pgei mhb+ Xi akbx

gm pfi kixs mk` tm`gbs pfmp pfi eglgpmtw hbitkeikp fms

mltim`w ptmksgpi` pb m ogglgmk hbitkeikp, dyp G xbyl` lgai

pb eikpgbk pfmp kbpfgkh fms ofmkhi` fiti+ Pfgs gs diomysi

ew lmk` mk` zlmkpmpgbk gk pfgs tihgbk, xfgof xiti zlbps bc

lmk` fmkì` `bxk dw ew cmeglw ctbe bki hikitmpgbk pb

pfi kivp, xiti obkcgsompi` dw pfi lboml mtew ykgps Kb+ 464

mk` Kb+ 48? mk` pfi Kmw Ykgp Kb+ 0? dmsi` bk Awxi

Pfbki Kwg Em Gslmk`+ Dicbti obkcgsompgbk, pfiw smg` pfi

lmk` xbyl` di ysi` cbt obksptyopgkh eglgpmtw dmsis mk` pfi

_pmpi kiiì` pfi lmk`+ Kbx, pfi _pmpi `bis kbp ysi pfi

lmk`, dyp pfi omzpmgks mk` emnbts ctbe pfi mtew ykgps

booyzw byt lmk`, smg` Ab Kwmk Zfmw+

Dipxiik pik mk` pfgtpw%pfbysmk` Awmp fm` pb di zmg` pb

hip zitegps pb xbta bk byt bxk zlmkpmpgbks pfmp mti

obkptblli` dw pfi Dyteisi Mtew+ Lmsp Nylw, ew xgci mk` G

fm` mltim`w zmg` pxikpw%pfbysmk` Awmp+ Pfgs Kbiedit,

pfiw &Awxi Pfbki Kwg Em dmsi` Kmw Ykgp Kb+ 0?'ìemkì` ebkiw mhmgk+ Kbx pfiw smg` pfmp gc xi mti

ykmdli pb zmw &pfi ebkiw', byt zitegp omk(p di ivpikì`

mk` byt zlmkpmpgbk xgll mypbempgomllw di obkcgsompi`+

Pfiticbti, xi fm` pb lbmk pxb pfbysmk` awmp cbt pfi

zmweikp+ Pfgs ztboiss eimks pfmp byt lmk` gs mltim`w

obkcgsompi` mk` bklw m xbta zitegp xms sbl pb ys+ Wby


43/54



omk gemhgki fbx byt sgpympgbk gs egsitmdli+ Byt Lmi%Hwg

Sgllmhi fms bit ?6: fbysis mk` mlebsp iitw fbysifbl`

xbtas cbt pfi tyddit bt dipil kyp dysgkiss+ Gc pxb zibzli

zit fbysifbl` xbta bk pfisi zlmkpmpgbks, wby omk ispgempi

fbx eyof ebkiw pfi mtew ykgps imtk, fi obkpgkyi`+

Ab Kwmk Zfmw gs m 03%wimt%bl` Lmi%Hwg gllmhi tisgìkp, mk` fgs

cmeglw ìzik`s bk tyddit zlmkpmpgbk cbt sytgml+ Gk pfi imtlw

Emw, Ab Kwmk Zfmw(s 0%moti dipil kyp zlmkpmpgbk mk` 6%moti%zlys

tyddit zlmkpmpgbk xiti zyp bk pfi lgsp bc lmk` obkcgsompgbk dw pfilbomllw dmsi` nbgkp mtew ykgps bc Obmspml Tihgbkml Obeemk`

Kmw Ykgp Kb+ 0?, LGD Kb+ 464 mk` 48? cbt ivzik`gkh pfi eglgpmtw+

Mcpit pfmp, pfi gllmhits, gkoly`gkh Ab Kwmk Zfmw, xfb fm` pfigt

tyddit zlmkpmpgbks obkcgsompi`, fmi diik zmwgkh pfi ebkiw pb pfi

mtew pb hmgk pfi xbta zitegp+ Pfi xbta zitegp gs nysp m semll

zgioi bc zmzit mk` gkolyìs pfi bccgogml spmez bc pfi zmtpgoylmt

mtew ykgp gk ofmthi bc m ìsghkmpi` mtim+ Ab Kwmk Zfmw mk` mllbpfit gllmhits smg` pfmp pfi emta obyl` olimtlw kbp sfbx pfi

mkkyml cii bt pfi ebkpflw cii mttmkhgkh pb di mdli pb ìemk` ms

pfiw lgai+

Fmgkh pb zmw emkw

agk`s bc ivpbtpgbks,

syof ms ciis cbtgllmhi sioytgpw,

mtew tmpgbks, lboml

eglgpgm eiedit

xilcmti, mk` zitegps

cbt xbtagkh bk pfi

zlmkpmpgbks cbt emkw


44/54



wimts gk pfi zitgb`s li` dw pfgs mk` pfi cbteit hbitkeikp, emkw

gllmhits fmi cmoi` cgkmkogml `gccgoylpgis mk` fm` kb ofmkois pb

syspmgk pfiesilis+ Pfiticbti, pfbsi gllmhits xmkp pb dtgkh mk

ik` pb pfbsi ivpbtpgbks

Xi, bt`gkmtw gllmhits, fmi kb ebkiw pb cii` bytsilis+

Xi fmi pb imtk ebkiw pb zmw Dyteisi Mtew ptbbzs+ Xi

fmi diik zmwgkh lmthi mebykps bc ebkiw cbt gllmhi

sioytgpw ciis, tmpgbks ciis, lboml eglgpgm xilcmti ciis mk`

zitegssgbk ciis pb hb pb zlmkpmpgbks cbt m sziogcgi` kyeditwimt+ Xi spgll fmi pb zmw kbx, `ytgkh pfi tyli bc pfi kix

hbitkeikp+ Xi xmkp pb spbz pfisi iikps+ Pfmp(s mll xi

xgsf, ogpi` dw Kmg Fpmx Bkh &kbp timl kmei'+

Ms eikpgbki` dw Kmg Fpmx Bkh, m Ebk gllmhit bc bit 3: wimts

bl`+ Fi gs m Fmk%Hme tisg`ikp, dyp fi kbx lgis gk pfi _bypf zmtp bc

Ebi%Hwg Sgllmhi+ Gk mk gkpitgix xgpf FYTCBE, Kbiedit, 46, fiivzlmgki` fbx fi fms cgkmkogmllw diik ivpbtpi` gk emkw xmws dw

pfi lboml hbitkeikp mtew ykgps+


45/54



EBKIW MK@ XBB@ @IEMK@I@ CBT EGLGPMTW

DMTTMOA_ OBK_PTYOPGBKBk Kbiedit ?, 4:==, gk btìt pb obksptyop eglgpmtw

dmttmoas mk` bccgois gk pfi obkcgsompi` lmk` bk Awxi Pfbki Kwg Em

Gslmk`, Widwy Pbxksfgz, ebkiw bt xbb` ctbe pfi gllmhits bc

Awxi Pfbki Kwg Em mk` sgv bpfit syttbyk`gkh gllmhis xiti

ìemkì`+ Oblbkil Wi Lgkk Pyk bc Awxi Pfbki Kwg Em Gslmk`

dmsi` Kmw Ykgp Kb+ 0? mk` @izypw Obeemkìt Egkk ^mx Ebibtìti`, gm zmtpgoylmt gllmhi mègkgsptmpbts, pfi gllmhits bc bit

=,::: fbysis ctbe sgv gllmhis Lmi%Hwg, Ebi Hwg, Egk Pfmt, Awxi

Pfbki Kwg Em, Wi Khmk Hwg mk` _gksxi, pb zytofmsi xbb`s mk`

obksptyopgbk empitgmls bt pb zmw pfi ebkiw gc pfiw obyl` kbp `b pfi

zytofmsgkh+ Pfiticbti, pfi oblliopgbk bc ivpbtpi` ebkiw fms

spmtpi` bk Kbiedit ==, 4:=: mk` fms kbp ikì` wip, moobt`gkh pb

pfi lbomls+ Pfi ìemk` bc xbb`s fm` fmzziki` mp pfi smei pgeims pfi fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks syof ms oblliopgkh ebkiw cbt xbta

zitegps mk` gllmhi sioytgpw ciis+

Gp xms btìti` pfmp imof fbysifbl` fm` pb zmw m lbkh bt m

zlmkp bc xbb` bt pftii xbb` zblis+ Pfi btìt xms

mooizpi` gk pfi imtlw bc Kbiedit+ Pfi gllmhi fimèmk

tiegkì` &pfi gllmhits' bk pfi 7pf

&bc pfi Kbiedit' gcpfiw fm` mltim`w oblliopi` pfi xbb` ìemkì` dw pfi

Dyteisi Mtew+ Xfik pfi xbb` xms oblliopi`, pfiw xbyl`

di sikp &pb pfi mtew ykgps' gm pfi gllmhi fimèik+ Xi

fm` pb hgi m zgioi bc xbb`, xgpf m 0%gkof `gmeipit mk` m

likhpf bc =?%ciip, xfgof xi tisiti` pb tizmgt byt fbysi+

M``gpgbkmllw pftii 0v?%gkof xbb` zblis xfgof xiti spbti`

ykìt byt fbysi fm` pb di hgik pb pfi mtew+


46/54



Mll pfisi zgiois bc xbb` pbhipfit xgll obsp mdbyp pfgtpw

pfbysmk`s awmp+ Ebtibit, pfi tihylmt ciis xi fmi pb zmw

mti pfgtpw%pfbysmk` Amwp cbt byt xbta%zitegps, cbt cbyt

zitsbks, xfgof xiti gkgpgmllw pik pfbysmk` awmp zit fim`+

Fbxiit, pfi cii xms lbxiti` dw pfi mtew ykgp,sb cbyt

zibzli fm` pb zmw pfgtpw pfbysmk` awmp gkspim`+ Xi mlsb

fm` pb zmw m pftii pfbysmk` awmp cii pb fgti m gllmhi

sioytgpw hymt` xfb xgll tizlmoi ei xfik ew pite gs bit,

mk` xi fmi pb zmw bki pfbysmk` awmp zit ebkpf cbt pfi

xilcmti bc lboml eglgpgm+ Omzpmgk Egk ^mx Ebi btìti` pfi

gllmhi fimèmk pb lgsp pfi fbysifbl`s xfb `g`k(p zmw pfi

ciis+ Tiobhkg~gkh pfi sziiof bc pfmp omzpmgk, G zmg` pfi cii

imtlw pb emai ew imt zimoicyl &m Ebk smwgkh pfmp eimks

pb di ctii` ctbe fmgkh ztbdlies'+ Ew cmeglw obyl` emai

byt lgilgfbb` mk` lgi obecbtpmdlw gk pfi zmsp, dicbti

Kmw Ykgp Kb+ 0? obkcgsompi` bit fmlc bc byt zlmkpmpgbk mp

pfi dihgkkgkh bc pfgs wimt+ Ebtibit, xi fmi pb zmw pfi

ebkiw pb hip zitegssgbk pb xbta bk pfi tisp bc pfi =:%moti

tyddit zlmkpmpgbk, ms m tisylp xi fmi diobei pfi zbbt

kbx, smg` Kmg Fpyk Mwi &kbp timl kmei', m 9:%wimt%bl`

tisgìkp bc Imsp Awxi Pfbki Kwg Em Sglllmhi+

Gk pfi gkpitgix xgpf FYTCBE mp pfi ik` bc Kbiedit, Kmg Fpyk

Mwi ivzlmgki` fbx fi lgi` gk cimt, wip sbli` pfi ztbdlie xfitifi xms cbtoi` pb syzzlw xbb` cbt obksptyopgbk bc eglgpmtw dmttmoas

mk` bccgois bc pfi hbitkeikp Kmw ykgp+

Sgllmhits, ctbe Awxi Pfbki Kwg Em mk` gps syttbyk`gkh gllmhis

Egk Pfmt, Lmi%Hwg, Ebi Hwg, Wi%Khmk Hwg mk` _gk%sxi gllmhis, mti

`gsmzzbgkpi` mk` `gssmpgscgi` xgpf pfi xbb` ìemk` ykcmgtlw

ti}ygti` dw pfi kmw+


47/54



Ebsp bc pfi

mmglmdli xbb`

gk pfmp tihgbk gs

bc tyddit ptiis1

fbxiit pfi

hbitkeikp

mtew ykgps `b

kbp mooizp pfgs

sbtp bc xbb`+

Iik pfbyhf

pfi }ymlgpw bc

pfgs pwzi bc xbb` gs lbx, gp omk di ysi` cbt obksptyopgbk, spmpi` gk

pfi xtgppik btìt bc pfi Kmw tim` dw pfi gllmhi mègkgsptmpbts,

moobt`gkh pb Em Fpmw Xgk &kbp timl kmei', m ?4%wimt%bl` Egk Pfmt

tisgìkp mk` m sfbzaiizit+

Bklw tyddit xbb` gs mmglmdli cbt ys mk` zibzli gk bytgllmhi+ Bpfit pwzis bc xbb` xi mti kbp mllbxi` pb oyp

`bxk, kbt mti pfiw mmglmdli fiti+ Mll zibzli fmi pb

sptyhhli cbt pfigt lgilgfbb`s sb pfi zibzli ctbe tgof

fbysifbl`s nysp zmg` ivpbtpgbk ciis+ Byt mykp fm` zmg`

pxikpw ighfp pfbysmk` awmp gk omsf cbt m xbbìk zbli,

xbbìk zlmkas, bt pftii lbkh xbb` zblis pb gllmhi

fimèmk Kmg Mwi mk` fi sghki` pb obkcgte pfi zmweikp+Xi xiti ykmdli pb zmw gk omsf ms xi fm` bpfit syof ciis pb

zmw pb iksyti byt sioytgpw, pb mllbx ys pb xbta, mk` pb zmw

pbxmt`s xilcmti bc eglgpgm+ Xi sptyhhli pb cii` byt cmeglw

sb xi xiti `gsmzzbgkpi` dw pfgs btìt+ Xi fmi diik

mdysi` emkw pgeis+ Xi xmkp pfisi mdysis pb spbz }ygoalw+


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G `bk(p akbx xfik pfisi mdysis xgll `gsmzzimt ctbe byt

tihgbk+

Gk Cidtymtw 4:==, Ab Lxgk, pfi fysdmk` bc Em Fpmw Xgk, xfb gs m

Pmbwmk mk` tisgìkp bc Lbkh%Lbki Pbxksfgz, xms dimpik dw

_ithimkp ^mx Fpip Lxgk mk` fgs htbyz bc ctbkplgki sbl`gits bc

eglgpmtw oblyek Kb+ 464, xfb mooysi` pfmp fi xms mk gkcbteit

xfb obkkiopi` xgpf pfi tidils+ Fgs emk`gdli xms otmoai` mk` fi

obyl` kbp imp cbb`s

cbt ebkpfs+ Fi lbspfgs xmpof `ytgkh pfi

iikp mk` cgcpw

pfbysmk` awmp fm`

pb di szikp cbt fgs

isomzi+ Em Pfmk

Pfmk Fpmw ivzlmgki`

pfi mdysis bc pfilboml mtew ykgps+

Pfi zgli bc xbb` oblliopi` dw pfi gllmhits ctbe 44:

fbysis gk Egk Pfmt Sgllmhi gk btìt pb zlimsi pfi ìemk`s bc Kmw

Ykgp Kb+ 0? obyl` di siik kimtdw pfi gllmhi mègkgsptmpgi bccgoi+

Pfi zgli bc xbb` obksgspi` bc mtgbys sg~is mk` sfmzis bc xbb`

mk` pfi lbomls ispgempi` pfmp gp xighfi` mdbyp 4: pbks+

Gk timlgpw, mll ìemk`s pb obksptyop pfgkhs cbt pfi eglgpmtw

xiti smg` pb di cbt pfi _pmpi, gk zmtpgoylmt cbt gps omzpmgks

mk` obeemkìts+ Gk pfi ztbzbsml, pfi emz bc pfi lmk`

xfiti eglgpmtw obksptyopgbks xiti dyglp mti sghki` dw


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bccgogmls bc pfi Lmk` _ytiw @izmtpeikp+ Gk pfi mtew, pfi

obsp bc pfi saipof mk` semll smezlis &bc pfi obksptyopgbk'

`tmcpi` dw eglgpmtw ikhgkiits( ykgp xms mlsb ztbzbsi`+

Pfiticbti, pfi xbb` bt ebkiw oblliopi` ctbe ogglgmks

xbyl` hb gkpb pfi zboaips bc pfi bccgogmls mk` obeemkìts

xfik pfi ztbzbsi` dy`hip xms htmkpi`+ Pfi mtew fms

mdysi` ys gllmhits xgpf pfi zbxitcyl tmkas gk sbogipw, nysp

diomysi pfiw xmkpi` pb hip lbm`s bc ebkiw xfgli kbp

xbtagkh cbt gp+ G fm` ikobykpiti` m sgeglmt iikp mp mk

mtew ykgp gk ew fbeipbxk Widwy%Amkdmya%dmsi` LGD

Kb+ 48?+ Gk mkw mtew ykgp, ofgic obeemkìts,

obeemkìts, mk` bccgogmls xfb fmi eyof zbxit mti

timllw ctghfpikgkh+ Pfmp(s ew bxk ivzitgikoi, ivzlmgki` m

cbteit sbl`git xfb tmk mxmw ctbe m ctbkplgki dmppli bc pfi

_Z@O hbitkeikp mtew ykgp Kb+ 48? mk` kbx lgis gk m

ticyhii omez bk pfi Pfmg%Dytem dbtìt+

Diomysi xbb` gs somtoi gk pfi tihgbk mk` kixlw%oyp xip xbb`s

xiti kbp mooizpi`, ebsp fbysifbl`s zlmkki` pb zmw omsf gkspim`

bc xbb` pb spgll eiip pfi ìemk` bc xbb` ti}yispi` dw eglgpgm+

Gkpitgixs xgpf pfisi fbysifbl`s xiti oblliopi` gk pfi lmpi

Kbiedit, 4:==+ Pfiti gs mlxmws m cgki pb di zmg` mk` ciis pb zmw

mp mkw hgik pgei, mk` pfgs gs itw ivziksgi, htyedli` @mx Kwb,

m 98%wimt%bl` xg`bx mk` ebpfit bc cgi, xfb tisgìs gk Lmi%HwgSgllmhi+ Iik bk Kbiedit 48 xfik fit gkpitgix xms pmaik, sfi

fm` pb zmw pfgtpw pfbysmk` awmp pb pfi gllmhi mègkgsptmpgbk pime

cbt pfi cii bc m xbbìk lbh, m zlmka, bt pftii xbb` zblis

ìemkì` dw pfi hbitkeikp Kmw Ykgp Kb+ 0?+

Kmg _fxi Flm &kbp timl kmei', m 9:%wimt%bl` Egk Pfmt

tisgìkp, xfb bxks m zmssikhit dbmp eikpgbki` pfmp fgs dbmp


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eghfp di sig~i` gc fi xgll kbp omttw xbb` zglis gk fgs gllmhi iik

pfbyhf fi fm` mltim`w zmg` m cii pb zmw bcc fgs ìdp+

@ytgkh pfi zitgb` bc cbtoi` lmdbt ìemkì` dw pfi Bxk%

zgk%axgk%dmsi` @mkwmxm``w Kmw Obeemk`, ew dbmp

xms sig~i` pb ptmkszbtp gllmhits mk` lmdbtits+ Pfi

eglgpmtw smg` pfiw xbyl` nysp pmai ew dbmp cbt pftii `mws

dyp gp lmspi` cbt pxb xiias+ G fm` pb ysi ew lmdbt mk` ew

bxk ziptbl dyp hmgki` kbpfgkh+ Kbx, G omk gemhgki pfmp ew

dbmp eghfp di sig~i` cbt ptmkszbtpmpgbk &bc pfgs xbb`' mk`dbpf G mk` ew dbmp fmi pb sptyhhli xgpf pfbsi hgmkp dlboas

bc xbb`+


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OBKOLY_GBK

Gp gs bdgbys pfmp pfi tisgìkps ctbe pfi pftii pbxksfgzs bc

Widwy, Wi, mk` Pfmkdwy~mwmp mti spgll cmogkh fyemk tghfps mdysis

gk pfigt `mglw lgci+ Pfisi fyemk tghfps mdysis gkolyì, dyp mti kbp

lgegpi` pb1 ivpbtpgbk"mtdgptmtw pmvmpgbk, cbtoi` lmdbt, gll%ptimpeikp,

sikptw `ypw, mk` ciis pb ztbgì gllmhi sioytgpw+ Pfisi mdysis mti

obeebk gk pfbsi pftii pbxksfgzs, mk` mti obeegppi` dw pfi lboml

dmsi` hbitkeikps dmppmlgbks mk` kmw+

Pfi cgk`gkhs gk pfgs tizbtp tiiml pfmp pfi lbomls mti cbtoi`

pb obkpgkyi pb ztbgì pfi sioytgpw ciis bc pfi hms zgzilgki,

hymt`gkh `ypgis cbt pfi sioytgpw bc hms zgzilgki mk` mop ms

smcihymt`s cbt gllmhi sioytgpw+ M``gpgbkmllw pfisi gllmhits mti

gopges bc cbtoi` lmdbt mk` ivpbtpgbk"mtdgptmtw pmvmpgbk dw pfi

hbitkeikps ptbbzs mk` kmw cbtois+ Pfigt mopgbks fmi li` pb

ivptiei fmt`sfgzs cbt pfi gllmhits, xfb mti ykmdli pb xbta bt kbp

zitegppi` pb xbta bk pfigt bxk lmk`s xgpfbyp gc pfiw `b kbp fmi

xbta zitegps, mk` obkpgkyi pb sptyhhli cbt pfigt lgilgfbb`s+

M``gpgbkmllw, ms pfiw mti mlsb ìemkì` pb ztisikp"tizbtp pb pfi

lboml dmsi` hbitkeikp bccgois xgpf gkcbtempgbk mdbyp pfi

ebieikps bc ipfkgo gksythikow htbyzs, pfiw mti xbttgi` pfmp

pfiw xgll cmoi pfi `mkhitbys sgpympgbks bt ìmpf omysi` ctbe

akbxgkh pfi zbsgpgbk bc pfisi htbyzs+

Gk pfi gkpitgixs obk`yopi` xgpf pfi lboml tisgìkps, gp

sfbxs pfmp pfi gllmhits cmoi fyemk tghfps mdysis ebti cti}yikplw

dw pfi hbitkeikps ptbbzs ykìt pfi mègkgsptmpgbk bc pfgs kix

hbitkeikp pfmk dw hbitkeikp ptbbzs `ytgkh pfi lmsp

hbitkeikps pite+ Mlsb, gk szgpi bc pfi ivolmge bc sghks bc ofmkhi


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pmagkh zlmoi gk pfi Dytem, lboml tisgìkps ivzitgikoi kb syof

ofmkhi gk pfigt tihgbks wip, ivoizp m ofmkhi bc kmeis bc lbomllw

bzitmpi` hbitkeikp bccgois+

Gk m``gpgbk, pfi Kmpgbkml Fyemk Tghfps Obeegssgbk gs

ispmdlgsfi` gk pfi obykptw xgpf m pmsa bc ztbebpgkh mk`

smcihymt`gkh cyk`meikpml tghfps bc pfi obykptws ogpg~iks+ @iszgpi

bc gps ztbolmge, gk timlgpw, gp cmgls pb moobezlgsf pfi obezipikoi mk`

tiszbksgdglgpgis xfgof gkolyì spbzzgkh fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks,

gkispghmpgkh mk` ebkgpbtgkh pfie mk` pmagkh mopgbk cbt pfiztiikpgbk mk` lissik pfi gblmpgbks+

Gp gs olimt pfmp ìszgpi pfi ptmksgpgbk pb kix syzzbsi`lw

ogglgmk%li` hbitkeikp mk` pfi cbtempgbk bc Kmpgbkml Fyemk

Tghfps Obeegssgbk, pfi fyemk tghfps mdysis obkpgkyi pb booyt

pftbyhfbyp pfbsi pftii pbxksfgzs+ Obksi}yikplw, pfi gllmhits omk

bklw ivziop ebti bc pfi smei syccitgkhs, fmt`sfgzs, mk` fyemktghfps mdysis+


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TIOBEEIK@MPGBK_

=+ Xi xmkp YK _ziogml Tmzzbtpiyts pb timof gkpb ipfkgo

mtims, pb gkispghmpi zmsp fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks mk`

kbpgoi fbx pfi fyemk tghfps obkpgkyi pb di swspiempgomllw

gblmpi`+

4+ Dytem &Ewmkemt' Kmpgbkml Fyemk Tghfps Obeegssgbk

eysp mopgilw tiobt` omsis bc fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks ctbe

gps ogpg~iks mk` ztbpiop gps gopges+ Mll fyemk tghfps

gopges eysp di ztbpiopi` mcpit pfiw tizbtp pfigt omsis+

?+ Pfi Kmpgbkml Fyemk Tghfps Obeegssgbk &KFTO' eysp

ptmgk lboml zibzli fbx pb obttioplw mk` swspiempgomllw

m`egkgspit omsis bc fyemk tghfps gblmpgbks+


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Kbx, emkw zibzli dilgii pfmp pfiti mti ofmkhis gk pfi obykptw gk

pfi zfmsi bc pfgs kix hbitkeikp+ Dyp, xi, pfi gllmhits ctbe byt

gllmhi, spgll fmi pb zmw =9,::: Awmp pb Pfmkdwy~mwmp dmsi`Dyteisi Mtew %% Gkcmkptw Dmppmlgbk &GD' Kb+34+ Pfmp gs pfi cii cbt

hms zgzilgki sioytgpw+

%Kmg Awmx Ebi, 99, Xmi%tmp gllmhi, Pfmkdwy~mwmp

Pfi mdysis obeegppi` gk pfgs mtim mti cbtoi` lmdbt, zbtpit, lmk`

obkcgsompgbk, ivpbtpgbk1 hb cbt sikptw `ypgis, cii cbt sioytgpw cbtois,

mk` sikptw cbt hms zgzilgki1 sitgkh ykzmg` xbta mp pfi dmppmlgbksdmsis, dimpik%yz, mk` mooysmpgbk ms tidils+ _beipgeis, gllmhits

ctbe byt gllmhi cmoi` pfbsi mdysis xfgli sbeipgeis byt

kighfdbts `g` ms xill ms xi bytsilis ikobykpiti` pfbsi mdysis+ Gp

fmzziks lgai pfmp+ ++ G sii kbpfgkh ofmkhis+ G omk smw pfmp pfi

hbitkeikp ptbbzs mti spgll ztmopgogkh pfbsi agk`s bc mdysis mk`

pfi mdysis mti bkhbgkh+

%Kmk Ewgkp Xmg, ?6, m cbteit eg``li%sofbbl pimofit, Wi Pbxksfgz

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