Report M-548 A =Preliminary Re ort on Rare R Plant Species in t e Flora of National Park Service Areas

I of South Florida

Everglades National Park Reference Library Homestead, Florida 33030

250

Everglades National Park, South Florida Research Center, PO. Box 279. Homestead, Florida 33030

A Preliminary Report on Rare Plant Species in the Flora

of National Park Service Areas o f South Florida

Report M-548

Lloyd L. Loope and George N. Avery

U.S. National Park Service South Florida Research Center

Everglades National Park Homestead, Florida 33030

A Preliminary Report on Rare Plant Species in the Flora of National Park Service Areas of South Florida

Table of Contents

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTRODUCTION.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aims of this report

Problems in the preservation of r a r e plant species of South

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida

n -- --

. .

Page

1 1

1

I ,

PREIJMINARY LIST O F RARE PLANT SPECIES. 6 . . . . . . . . . . Basis for t he l ist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Explanation of symbols used in conjunction with l ist 6 . . . . . . . List of species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LITERATURE CITED. -

INDEX TO SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 I

EVERGLAGES NC;~IONAL PARK REFERENCE LIBWRX

i

A Preliminary Report on Rare Plant Species in the Flora of National Park Service Areas of South Florida

Lloyd L. Loope and George N. Avery

INTRODUCTION

~ i m ' s of - this repor t

South Florida has a remarkable flora, quite dist inctive within t h e United S ta tes for i t s s t rong tropical affinities. A large number of West Indian species occur in t h e United S ta tes only here, and a considerable number of plant species a r e endemic t o South Florida. Major modifications have occurred and a r e occurring in South Florida ecosystems and some species have already been extirpated. A large portion of t h e southern t i p of Florida and i t s islands is under t h e jurisdiction of t h e U.S. National Park Service - Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve, Biscayne National iilonument, and For t Jefferson National Monument. Even these a r e a s have been significantly modified froin pristine ecological conditions and par ts of t h e a reas a r e current ly subjected t o act ive manipulation (prescribed burning, control of exo t ic plants, scheduled wate r releases) designed t o preserve ecosystems in as natural a condition as possible.

The Endangered Species A c t of 1973 requires Federal agencies t o give special consideration t o ra re biota. This is largely compatible with t h e mandate of t h e National Park Service (NPS) t o manage ecosystems t o maintain or res tore as natural a condition as possible (Houston, 19711, but fu ture conflicts of species management vs. ecosystem management a r e a possibility. As yet no plant species of South ~ l o r a a have been given protected s ta tus under t h e Endangered Species Act ,

This report is intended t o bring together information concerning t h e ra re species in t h e f lora of South Florida National Park Service areas. This information is important to fulfill t h e following purposes: 1) t o provide an adequate background for management of t h e resources of South Florida parks by t h e National Park Service, particularly for prograrns of f i r e management and backcountry manage- ment; (2) to summarize our cur ren t knowledge a s a means of st imulating obser- vations of o the rs on distribution and ecology of ra re plants of the area; 3) t o identify species for which populations should be monitored t o assess changes resulting f rom f i re management o r o the r causes; and 4) t o assist South Florida-wide e f fo r t s in botanical preservation (i.e., to identify which species do o r do not receive secure protection within NPS areas). The preliminary nature of t h e repor t should be emphasized. I t is intended t o provide an account of our current s t a t e of knowledge with t h e hope t h a t i t will s t imulate o thers t o contribute ideas and information needed t o allow a comprehensive analysis.

Problems in the preservation of ra re plant species of South Florida

The systernatic drainage of South Florida, which s ta r t ed in the ear ly 1900's and continues a t present, and expanding urbanization have been t h e primary factors contributing t o habi ta t destruction. The impact of drainage has been multiplied by

devastating f i r es which burn during drought periods, resulting in di rect destruction of plants and removal of accumulations of organic substrates. J. K. Small witnessed the changes taking place in the early decades of t h e century and published a book ent i t led "From Eden t o Sahara: Florida's Tragedy" (Small, 1929), lamenting the des t ruct ive trends. After 1930, the destruction accelera ted, with Florida's population increasing f rom less than 1.5 million in 1930 t o over 8 million at present. The pine fores t of the Miami Rock Ridge, rich in endemic and ra re plant species, has been one of t h e most severely a f fec ted habitats. Robertson and Kushlan (1974) report t h a t comparision of aerial photographs o f 1940 and 1972 indicated t h a t urban and agricultural development removed nearly 90 percens of the pine fores t south of Sunset LJrive (South Miami), excluding about 25 km of pineland within Everglades National Park, mostly during t h e 1950's and 1960's. This destruction of pinelands has continued in the 19701s, so t h a t very l i t t le remains outside Everglades National Park.

Although South Florida parks a r e largely f ree of drainage structures, agriculture, and urbanization, the security of ra re plants within thei r boundaries is f a r from

1 , assured for t h e following reasons (in order of probable severi ty of t h e threat):

1. Threat f rom wildfire - That f i re is a major natural force in t h e South Florida environment has been well documented by Robertson (1953, 1955). Nearly half of the f i res recorded in Everglades National Park in t h e past 25 years have been a t t r ibu ted t o ignition by lightning (Everglades National Park,

t.. ' 1978). Several thousand years ago aboriginal populations undoubtedly began ,-a

9 ,," augmenting ignitions and extending t h e f i re season into t h e dry season (November-April) when few lightning str ikes occur. Many South Florida plant

es, including many ra re species, a r e dependent upon recurrent f i re fo r 1 i

c . rvival. In fire-dependent habi ta ts (pine forest and Muhlenbergia prairie, for I , e. ( I

ample), species which a r e not adapted to f i r e w e ~ p r e s u m a b l y eliminated ago. Nevertheless, f i re is still a major th rea t t o South Florida's r a re

I #@

primarily because of ~nodification of t h e natural wa te r regime. i;

5 " i $ 1 nage outside parks has lowered water levels within parks t o an unknown

I nt. Fires during drought periods since drainage began a r e believed t o be

rning organic mat:er which may have accumulated over decades or centuries. Plant conlmunities which may not have been subjected t o severe f i res in the past (hammocks, cypress strands) a r e now threatened by fire. Another significant aspect of t h e f i re problern is t h a t fuel accumulations which build up when f i res a r e suppressed can result in more severe future f i res t o which t h e nat ive biota, even in fire-adapted communities, may not be adapted. I

1 In spi te of modern f i r e f ighting technology, l i t t l e can be done t o control large 1 f ires once they a r e burning. The best approach under the circumstances, t h e I

one which has been adopted by the National Park Service, is f i r e management which utilizes prescribed burning and other managed fires t o reduce fuels and reduce the t h r e a t of the holocaust f ire, as well a s t o maintain ce r ta in f ire- dependent communities. This complex subject is t r ea ted in t h e Fire Management Plan for Everglades National Park (Everglades N.P., 1978). A Fire Management Plan is also being developed for t h e newly established Big Cypress National Preserve.

2. Threat from illegal collecting pressure - Second only t o the th rea t o f wildfire is t h e th rea t f rom collectors, both "serious" and "casual." In t h e early days of Everglades National Park and before t h e park was established, a relatively small number of very knowledgeable and o f ten unscrupulous col lectors systematically removed large numbers of ra re plants from t h e park area. To a much reduced ex ten t , this phenomenon probably continues today. Because of easy accessibility by off-road vehicles, t h e problem of collector pressure is undoubtedly presently g r e a t e r in Big Cypress National Preserve,

Dr. Frank Craighead made many observations concerning the impact of plant collectors in t h e 1950's and 1960's. He aptly s t a ted t h e problem in a memorandum t o t h e Chief Ranger of Everglades National Park (Craighead, 19661, giving many examples: "The people who a r e taking these plants know ihe various species they want. They also know where t o look for them, and they know t h e park a r e a much b e t t e r than do the park employees." A minority among less knowledgeable visitors are also a t h r e a t and can sooner o r l a te r be expec ted t o remove showy o r interesting-looking orchids o r o the r plants which they see. Education of t h e public may help, but i t is a doubtful solution to t h e problem. Craighead (1966) gave an account of an instance of NPS negligence in t h e case of the r a r e hand fe rn (Ophioglossum palmatum) known in Everglades National Park f rom only one site. "When t h e t ra i l was constructed in to Mahogany Hammock, I advised against approaching t h e colony of th is hand fern, but t h e construction was carr ied o u t within a few f e e t of t h e f e r n and a label pointing to it erected. Some th ree months a f t e r construction of t h e trai l , t h e e n t i r e colony was taken." Dr. Craighead gave many other examples of t h e a t t r i t ion of r a r e plants growing near trails.

3. Threat f rom hurricanes - Hurricanes a r e an extremely potent force in destruction of ra re plants, particularly epiphytes. According to Craighead - - - (1963) and ~ r a i ~ h e a d and ~ i i b e r t (19621, Hurricane Donna of 5Gptember 9 -10 , 1960, destroyed over 90 percent of t h e epiphytes within t h e mangrove zone of Everglades National Park. G r e a t losses of epiphytes also occurred in the Long Pine Key hammocks, where defoliation of t h e fores t canopy exposed remnant epiphytes to damaging full sunlight.

d

Hurricanes are , of course, natura l phenomena. Hurricanes of t h e intensity of t h e 1960 hurricane a r e thought to b e rare, perhaps occurring at a specif ic s i t e in South Florida o n c e in a century o r less frequently. Less severe hurricanes will undoubtedly continue to result in major losses of ra re plants, which in combination with man-caused losses will be disastrous fo r both coastal and inlahd species. Hurricanes also have probably provided a major means of dispersal f o r propagules which have resulted in establishment of many of t h e West Indian plant species in t h e South Florida environment.

4. Threat f rom invasion by exo t ic species - Austin (1978) reports t h a t over 170 s ~ e c i e s of exo t ic plants have become naturalized in Southeastern Florida. A small pe rcen tageso£ these plants are extremely aggressive in competi t ion with t h e nat ive f lora and clearly have t h e potential fo r displacing ra re nat ive plant species in South Florida park areas. The particularly aggressive species

include: Schinus t e r e binthif olius (Brazilian pepper), Casuar ina e uiset itolia and C. g l a m u s t r a l i a n pinel, Melaleuca q u i n q u e n e r v ; 8 ~ c a h ~ o l u b T i n a asiat ica.

Schinus is very aggressive in invading nat ive pineland vegetation of the Miami Rock Ridge and th rea tens to t a k e over as t h e understory of all remnant pine fores t a reas which a r e not prescribed burned regularly, thereby shading o u t pirieland understory species. In Everglades National Park, prescribed burning has so far largely, but not completely, succeeded in excluding Schinus f rom pine forests. An abundant seed source for Schinus exists on abandoned farmland and other disturbed land throughout Dade County, including t h e "Hole-in-the-Donut" a r e a of Everglades National Park, where t h e NPS is a t t empt ing t o reduce -- Schinus invasion of abandoned farmland through encouraging establishment of nat ive hardwood species,

Casuarina invades many types of sites. Control e f fo r t s in Everglades National Park have thus f a r been concentra ted in coastal a reas because of concern for nesting habi ta t of t h e officially "threatened" sea tu r t l e (Care t t a caretta) . Large concentrations of Casuarina remain in the e x t r e m e south- eas tern portion of Everglades N.P., where hammocks dominated by button- wood and o ther tropical hardwoods a r e being invaded. A major e f f o r t at control of Casuarina in this a r e a was insti tuted in the spring of 1978. Con'rinued priority should probably b e given t o this project particularly

' .because of the presence in some of these hammocks o f Vanilla barbellata and other ra re species. An inventory of t h e ra re plant species of this area should be made a s soon as possible. Casuarina control is also underway on several islands of Biscayne National Monument,

h 2

~ e l a l e u c a , generally regarded as the most serious exot ic plant problem in ,. - South Florida, i s not at present a problem in South Florida parks excep t for V - r L I

Big Cypress National Preserve, where considerable t h r e a t to native vegeta- tion seems t o occur. No Melaleuca invasion of ra re plant habitats has ye t

.been observed, but fur ther examination of the problem is needed.

Colubrina as ia t ica is apparently a ra the r recen t invader of coastal fo res t s bordering Florida Bay in southern Everglades N.P. and on Elliott and Adams Keys of Biscayne N.M. The ecology of Colubrina is f a r from being well understood, but preliminary indications a r e t h a t i t poses a serious t h r e a t t o coastal hammock and buttonwood fo res t habitats. This could ult imately result in a significant t h r e a t t o several r a re plant species of coasta l forests (Cordia sebestena and Cereus gracil is var. sirnpsonii, a r e examples).

In a t leas t one instance, r a r e plant species a r e threatened by exot ic animals. On Elliott Key of Biscayne National Monument, t h e introduced Mexican red- bellied squirrel (Sciurus aureogaster) is suspected of damage t o two rare species of tha tch palms (Thrinax morrisii and Thrinax radia ta (Tilmant, 1975, personal c ~ r n m u n i c a t i o n ~ t i a l l ~ , the black rat'(Rattus ra t tus) was suspected of being a primary or contributing agent of damage, but this possibility has been discarded because of absence of damage of Thrinax on nearby ~ o t t e n Key, where the Ra t tus population equals exceeds t h a t on

Elliott Key, but where squirrels a r e absent. The animals remove t h e apical buds, killing t h e palms. Three-fourths of t h e Thrinax morrisii plants on Elliott Key have been affected.

Threat f rom National Park Service f i r e management program - Even though - t h e NPS f i r e management program is intended t o enhance preservation of . - ecosystems and bioG, t h e potential exis ts for damage t o ra re plant popula- tions f rom act ion taken within t h e f ramework of t h e Fire Management Plan, including prescribed burning and observation of wildfires. Examples of past cr i t ic ism include concern about impac t of a 1975 f i re upon t h e fern, Sphenomeris c lava ta in Block A of Long Pine Key (apparently unjustified, s ince S ~ h e n o m e r i s continues t o thr ive at i t s old s i te) and concern t h a t an earl ier f i r e severely damaged t h e Hypelate t r i fo l ia ta population. I t is suggested t h a t t h e following measures be insti tuted by t h e NPS t o reduce chances fo r negative impacts upon r a r e plant species f rom t h e f i r e manage- m e n t program:

a) Continue t h e pract ice of prescribed burning only when soil moisture levels a r e relatively high. This protects hammocks and probably tends t o "buffer" plant underground par ts against high soil temperatures.

b) Continue to exper iment wi th making individual ignitions in the vicinity of hammocks and r a r e plant concentra t ions a imed at removal of fuel from such a r e a s before an in tense headfire burns them (Taylor, personal communication).

c ) Complete f lorist ic inventory, with emphasis given to a reas of intensive f i r e management. Compile information on maps which will be reviewed by f i re management personnel prior to each prescribed burn in consul- ta t ion with t h e plant ecologist and f i re ecologist.

d) Insti tute a program of monitoring f i r e impacts on ra re plant popula- tions. Work on this aspect was s t a r t e d durinfi t h e summer of 1978.

e ) Continue to improve our understanding of fire's natural role and impact within South Florida ecosystems.

6

PRELIMINARY LIST OF R A R E PLANT SPECIES

Basis for t h e list

The list below includes the following species known by the authors t o occur in South Florida a reas managed by t h e U.S. National Park Service (Everglades National Park = ENP, Big Cypress National Preserve = BICY, Biscayne National

= BISC, and For t Jefferson National Monument = FOJE):

1) Those which occur on the list prepared by t h e Smithsonian Institution (1974) for t h e U.S. Congress, ent i t led "Report on ra re and endangered species of the United States,"

2) Those which occur on t h e list of plants prepared by t h e Florida Commit tee on Rare and Endangered Plants and Animals (1 976).

3) Species endemic t o South Florida (defined as the a rea south of the Caloosahatchee River, Lake Okeechobee, and t h e St. Lucie Canai), as determined by a review by Avery and Loope (1979).

I 4) Other species which might be considered rare.

Nomenclature for t h e l ist partially follows t h a t in Long and Lakela (1971), but diverges in cases where Avery has noted t h a t recent taxonomic revisions and monographs and usage by specialists indicate t h a t nomenclature used by Long and

, I l a k e l a is inappropriate. Voucher specimens for most t a x a l isted a r e included in t h e

, + Everglades National Park herbarium.

Major sources of information for t h e l ist and distributional information are as follows: G. N. Avery's field notes and experience; herbarium of Everglades

* National Park; Long and Lakela (197 1); Avery and Loope (1979); Loope et al. (1979); Black m d Black (1978) and personal communication; Craighead (1963); Luer (1972); Little:Q976); Li t t le (1978); and D. F. Austin, personal communication. Assistance was given by members of t h e research staff at t h e South Florida Research Cente r in Everglades National Park. .r

Explanation of symbols used in conjunction with list

Symbols used in the c h a r t accompanying t h e l ist a r e interpreted as follows:

"Level of Concern"

For Smithsonian List (Smithsonian Institution, 19741, T = Threatened ("those species o f plants t h a t a r e likely t o become endangered within t h e foreseeable

I

future throughout all o r a significant portion of their ranges"), and E = Endangered (''those species of plants in danger of extinction throughout all o r a significant portion of thei r ranges").

For list of Florida Commit tee (19761, E = Endangered, T = Threatened, R = Rare and RE = Recently Extirpated

An a t t e m p t is made to roughly assess t h e level of concern for species in this report by assigning numbers on a 1-5 scale, with t h e following interpretation assigned to each number:

1 - Species of highest concern. These a r e very ra re species of which a ) populations have been reduced by development outside parks, by pas t collecting within or outside parks, and/or by f i r e damage; o r b) populations occupy habi ta ts which require ac t ive ecosystem manipu- lat ion to res tore and perpetuate processes which have been ac t ing on South Florida nat ive vegeta t ion for millenia (primarily fire).

2 - Species which have apparently always been extremely rare in South Florida (often t h e result of chance dispersal f rom fa r the r south in t h e American tropics, where they may b e relatively common) and subject to natural disasters.

3 - Species which have a very res t r ic ted range in t h e United States. Formerly common within range, but have been reduced (by f i re damage, collectors, lowering of wa te r tables, etc.).

4 - Species which have a very res t r i c ted range in t h e United Sta tes , but which a r e still at l eas t moderately common within range. Act ive management (usually prescribed burning) should suffice t o perpetuate populations a t s a f e levels f o r t h e foreseeable future.

3 - Species which have a very res t r ic ted range in t h e United Sta tes , but which a r e still at leas t moderately common within range. Populations should be ra the r s t ab le fo r the foreseeable fu tu re without ac t ive management by t h e National Park Service.

"Appropriate Management Action"

Management recommendations at this s t a g e can only be a f i rs t approximation. Symbols under this heading in t h e c h a r t a r e t o be in terpreted as follows:

d

V l - Normal visitor use should be channeled away f rom s i t es of populations of th is species.

V 2 - Special emphasis upon proper education of visitors and enforcement of - . park regulations may suff ice to allow adequate protection.

F l - High priority should be given to fuel reduction and suppression programs to reduce chances of destruction of populations by fire.

F2 - Preservation requires periodic burning of immediate habitat.

I - Emphasis should be given to precisely locating populations of this species t o enable adequate protection.

M1 - Monitoring of populations has been init iated in 1978.

1 MZ - Monitoring of populations is needed fo r assuring adequate protection.

R - High priority should be given t o experimental e f fo r t s at reintroduction of the species to habi ta ts where i t was initially more abundant than at present.

N1 - No particular management problem occurs. Populations a r e secure without massive habi ta t destruction.

N2 - No particular management problem occurs, but populations a r e vulner- ab le t o hurricanes.

Level of C

oncern S

mith-

sonian F

lorida T

his H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utside A

ppropriirrt S

pecies (Fam

~ly

) L

ist C

omm

ittee R

eport in S

outh Florida P

arks South F

Ior~da Parks

Managem

enr 4cr1oos

Psiloturn nudum (L.) E

eauv. (Psllotaceae) W

hisk F

ern

5 P

resent in EN

P and B

ICY

, generally in H

eavy coliection pressure, but still V 2

hamm

ocks. P

lants scattered and sometim

es in present in m

any dreas. k

uth

eastern

unexpected habitats (e.g., successional

U.S., pantropical.

Myrica forest on abandoned farm

land of EN

P).

Selag~nelIs eatanil Hieron.

T~rndl

0 hlo lossum

alm

aturr L. T

*e+

E

Han

d F

ern

Tr ichom

anes holopter urn K

unze (H

ymenophyllaceae)

Anem

ia wri h

ti~ Bak

Vtttarta lineata (L.) S

nl.

EiG

LZ

&-

bhoestring Fern

Very rare.

Know

n from a few

sites in K

nown from

several other Dade C

o. V

1, F2?, \!i lim

estone solution holes of pi~

lan

ds

and

sites. ,Also in the B

ahamas.

hamm

ock edges, Long Pine K

ey, EN

P.

Form

erly present at hlahogany H

amm

ock, V

ery rare, but present at a few

sites V

I, FI

ENP, b

ut w

as eliminated follow

ing construction in Florida.

Also present scattered

of boardwalk.

Extrem

ely rare on over w

ide area of New

World and O

ld palm

etto in BIC

Y.

Extrem

ely susceptible W

orld Tropics.

to fire dam

age and removal by collectors.

Know

n in U.S

. from

only one area in BIC

Y,

West lndies

where it grow

s on rotten logs.

Recently found in one sm

all area within E

NP,

Known from

a band of hamm

ocks along 1

on the m

argin of Taylor Slough.

"Context R

oad," W

of Hom

estead, Fla., just outside boundaries of E

NP.

Also

in the Baham

as and Cuba.

Crow

s only on Sabal palmetto, in E

NP

and Found in F

lorida up to G

eorgia V

2, F2

BICY. L

ocally cornmon.

border. T

hroughout Arnerican

Tropics.

Gonio

phle

biu

m trise

r iale

(Sw.)

Wherry

(Po

l ypodia

ceae)

Bosto

n F

ern

Acro

stichu

m a

ure

um

L. h

er

idiaceae)

Ad

ian

tum

mela

nole

ucu

m W

illd.

(Pte

rldla

cea

e)

Ad

ian

tum

ten

eru

m Sui.

FiG

XZ

ea

e)

1 I I I 1 I L

eb

el of

Conce

rn

Sm

~th

- so

iran

F

lorid

a

Th

~s

H

ab

rtat, S

tatus, and Lo

catio

n

Range and S

tatu

s Ou

tside

A

pp

rop

r~a

re

Sp

ec~

es (F

drn

~ly

) L

lst C

om

mitte

e

Re

po

rt in

So

uth

Flo

rida

Parks

Sou

th F

ior~

da

Parks 'A

an

ag

en

en

r ic: tn

ls

- -----

-

- - - - - -

- - -

Polyp

odru

m p

lum

ula

Hum

b. &

2 H

as been colle

cted

in one h

am

mo

ck in E

NP

, R

are, kno

wn

frorn

Flo

rida

N

2, B

onpl. ex W

illd.

bu

t no

t seen rece

ntly.

pe

nin

sula

up to A

lach

ua

Co.

(Pol) p

od

~a

cea

e)

Tt~

rou

gh

ou

t trop

~c

al Am

er~

ca.

Pol

odrum h

ete

ro h

vllum

L. *e+

4

Lo

cally co

mm

on

in ham

mocks o

f NU

' p

ortio

n

Very ra

re in

ea

stern

Dade C

o. F i

of E

NP

and SQ

po

rt lon

of BICY .

ha

mm

ocks (cu

rren

tly known fro

rn

V~

ne

Fern

on1 y orre). P

rese

nt in

Co

llrer and

Mon

roe

(Ke

y La

rgo

) Co

un

ties o

utsid

e

park.) A

lso In

trop

ical A

me

r~ca

.

2

Re

po

rted

on

ce fro

m T

en Thousand Isla

nd

s area, S

ite in

Ten T

housand Islands is on

ly E

NP

. P

recise

loca

tion

no

t known.

rep

ort fo

r th~

s

species in U

.S. A

lso in

trop

~c

al Am

erica

.

3 K

no

wn

from

one ha

mm

ock o

f Lo

ng

Pin

Ke

y, R

are

In F

la. S

till pre

sen

t in a

few

E

NP

. E

NP

He

rba

rium

has one spe

cime

n

scatte

red

loca

tion

s in D

ade and fro

m B

ICY

., B

row

ard

cou

ntie

s. W

ide

ly distrib

ute

d

in th

e tro

pics.

R

5 P

rese

nt under m

an

gro

ves in

bra

ckish a

rea

s of

Kn

ow

n fro

m co

asta

l areas of D

ade and N2

EN

P and B

ISC

. M

on

roe

Co

un

ties.

Also

in W

est Indres, M

exico

, South A

me

rica.

Pa

ntro

pica

l.

R

1

Very ra

re.

Kn

ow

n only fro

m a

few

solu

tion

A

lso in

the

West In

die

s h

ole

s of one h

am

mo

ck of L

on

g P

ine

Ke

y, EN

P.

1

Pre

sen

t in a

few

ha

mm

ocks o

f Long P

ine

Ke

y, S

ma

ll popula

tions le

ft in a fe

w o

f the

1'1,

Ff, R

I E

NP

. so

uth

Dade C

o. hamm

ocks. A

lso rn

N

cot ropics.

1 I I

VI, F

I. R

Level of C

oncern 3

mith

- son~an F

lorida fh

is H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utside .4ppropria!e

Species (Fam

iiy L

ist C

omm

ittee R

eport in South F

lorida Parks

South Florida Parks

Managem

ent Act~

on

s -

Sphenomeris clavara

%\axon

(Pteridiaceae)

Asplenium

serratum L

. i

r\

s~

le

nl

ac

er

~

ir

d

Nest Fern

Asplenjum

platyneuron (1.1 O

akes (A

spleniaceae)

Ctenitis sioanei (Poepp.1

Morton

(Aspidiaceae)

The1 terts reptans (2. F.

+

(Aspidiaceae)

I V

ery rare. K

nown from

several very restricted Presertt in U

.S. only a

t a few other

V1, F

2 - A

pp

ears sites in solution holes in lim

estone, Long Pine

Dad

e and Monroe C

o. sltes. A

lso in to be a specres

Key, E

NP.

West Indies.

large]? restr~cted

ro solutlon h

oles on ham

mock ed

ges,

requiring a rno

dcra

tcl. open canopy.

E

1 R

are in cypress strands of BIC

Y.

Present in

U.5. only in a fe

w locatrons

VI, FI

in Florrda. A

lso in Keotrop~

cs.

Thelypterls reticulata (L

.) P

roctor (=

Menlscium

retrcui~

tum

(L.) Sw.)

(hspidiaceac)

Present in one ham

mock of E

NP, in rocky

Com

mon throughout eastern U

.S. F

l glades area.

Probably the southernmost

station for this plant.

2.

K

nown from

one hamm

ock near Pinecrest in

Rare and scattered in

hamm

ocks of F1

BIC

Y.

southern Florrda. A

lso in West Indies, elsew

here in tropical A

merica.

4

In solution holes in some of th

e Long P

ine Key

Peninsular Florida and G

reater V

1, I ham

mocks, E

NP.

Antilles.

2 P

resent in easternmost part of ENP, and

Rare in D

ade and Collier counties.

VI, I

probably scattered in BIC

Y.

Am

erican tropics.

Level of C

oncern 3m

1th- sonian

Florida

This

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and Status O

uts~

de

P.ppropriate

List

Com

mittee

Report

in South F

lorida Parks

South F

lor~

da Parks

flanageri~enr Arttons

Sp

ec~es (Fam

rly) --------

Tectaria lobata (Polr.) M

orton I

Uncom

mon.

Present in solution holes in

Found in U.5.

only in hamm

ocks of V

l, 1 (A

sp

ld,a

cX

a few

of th

e Long P

ine Key harnm

acks of D

ade Co.

Also prescnt ~n the

EN

P. B

aharnas and Cuba.

ornario sis kunzeana (Presl

1 K

nown fro

m one Long P

ine Key ham

mock,

Very srftall populations know

n frotn two

V\, F

i, 11 km

db m

.- E

NP.

Dade C

o. hdfnmoclcs.

(Loviarropsidacede)

7d:r:la u

m~

la L.

3 L

ocally fairly comm

on in pinelands of Long

Fa~

rly com

mon in the fe~

c remnant

cycad

%

Pine K

ey, EN

P. N

ot recorded from

pinelands of Dade C

o. O

ccurs o~

er

C

oont ie pinelands of

BICY. a w

ide area of F

lor~

ds. A

lso tn West

Ind~rb.

I)' rtaria pauciflora H

itchc. k

,

2 A

pparently not collected often but recently E

ndemic to S

outh Florida. T

he found to

be present in low p~

nelands and original collectron w

as from som

e- transverse glades of L

ong P~

ne

Key, EN

P. w

here near Everglades C

tty.

Irnperata brasilrensis Trrn.

T

4

Uncom

mon in pinelands of

Long P

ine Key, EN

P

Not com

mon, pinelands of S

outh iP

oaceac) in sites w

here pockets of shallow soil are

Florida. A

lso tn Mex

~co

and other present.

Also on C

ape Sable. parts of tropical A

merica.

Errochloa m

ictiauxii (Poir.) T

--

? P

resumably present in prairies in w

estern S

cattered distribution on Florida's I

rl

~

tchc. parts of E

NP

and BIC

Y.

west coast

var. srrn sonir H~

tchc.

(Poaceae

-7-

Ar.;:eoeyn ca ban~sii Hack.

4 W

idespread and abundant in pinelands of Long

Endem

ic to central and South F

lorida F

2

Pine K

ey, EN

P. R

are in Dadc C

o. outside EN

P. S

tatus elsew

here not known to authors.

I

Schizachyrium

gracile (Spreng.) h

ash

(Poaceae)

I

Tripsacum

floridanum

Porter e

x V

asey i Poaceae)

Pseddophoenrx sargent ii

Nendl. ex b

ra. "

(i'slrnae) bargen t's P

alm

Roystonea elara (8artr.f

E

r. Harper

(Palm

ae) F

lorida Royal Palrn

Acoelorra he w

ria~htii

1 L

r15-b. dry

Ue

am

nd

1.

a:.

aecc. I

' !'aI~riae)

4

Widespread and com

mon in pinelands of L

ong C

omm

on in pinelands of Dade C

ounty FZ

Pine K

ey, EN

P. and L

ower F

lorida Keys.

Also in

West Indies.

5 A

bundant over wide areas of E

NP

and BlC

Y in

En

dcm

~c to

South F

lorida. A

bundant N

l "rocky glades," prairies, and pinelands.

in "east Everglades,"

and st111 present in rem

nant pinelands of th

e Mrarni area.

4 F

requent in pinelands of Long P

ine Key

Endem

ic to lim

estone ridge pinelands F

2

of EN

P. of D

ade County.

Present in som

e rem

nant pirtelands outside EN

P.

1 N

ative population in U.S.

has been reduced

Introduced to several oth

er Flo

r~d

a T

h~

s specle5 ?ria) to

about I5 ind~

viduals on Elliott K

ey of BISC

. K

eys. N

at~

ve

to Baham

as, Cuba,

require dist~

~rh

d~

i, t-

H~

spaniola, Dominica, SE \lex

ica, for regcnera t on.

British H

onduras. P

opulatioqs s!~olllC

be uarcired far

damage 5) e

wt I,

mam

rnals.

1 V

ery rare in hamm

ocks of EN

P (P

aradise Key,

Large num

bers exist In natural ha

b~

tat

Tn

~s species 1s

Small H

amm

ock, Johnson Mound).

Form

erly in S

outh Florida only in F

akahatchee reproducing paorly rn E

SP

. present a

t Seven P

alm L

ake. S

trand. P

resent in Collier-S

em~

nole R

easan is not knoun. S

tate Park and northern D

eep Lake

Distirrbdnce m

a) be S

trand (just outside BlC

Y boundary).

requ

~red

lor regen

erat~sn

. C

omm

on in cultiv

at~o

n in S

outh Fio

r~d

a. S

pecies also present In Cuba, P

ucrto Kico.

5 C

omm

on in SW portion of E

NP

and present northw

ard in W portion of park w

ithin zone of

saline influence. R

are in SE portion of E

NP.

Abundant in F

akahatchee Strand.

N 1

Present in C

ollier-Seininole

State P

ark and v

lc~n

ity. C

uba, Bahan~

as, and R

erlize.

Level of C

oncern Sm

l th- R

ange and Status a

u~

srde

S

pp

rop

r~ate

sonian Florida

This

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

La

t C

om

m~

ttee Report

in South Florida Parks

South Florrda Parks L

lanagrl-nenr Ac

t ion

s

Sp

ec~es (Fam

~l

y ----

Thrinax radiata Lodd. ex

--

Schult. (P

almael

Thatch Palm

Thrinax rnorrissii H

. Wendl.

IPalrnae) .

--

-~

Brittle T

hatch Palrn

Coccot hrinax argentata

(Jacq.) Bailey

(Palm

ael Silver Palm

Tillandsia valenzuelana

A. R

ichard (B

romeliaceae)

Sof t-leaved Wild Pine

Tillandsia urriculata 1

. (

dr

oln

ella

cr

G

iant Wild Pine

T

3 Sm

all populations scattered along south shore C

omm

on on upper Flo

r~d

a Keys, Severe dam

age by the

of EN

P from C

ape Sable to Fan Palm

uncom

mon on low

er. W

est Indres and ex

otic

red-bellled H

amm

ock, and on Florida Bay K

eys. A

lso C

entral Am

erica sq

~rrrei has occurred

present in BISC

. on E

lliott Key of

BISC

. \\I

I P

resent in some quantity in B

ISC.

Tillandsra ~

uy

a

Sw.

T

7l3rorneiiaceac H

oary .4ir Plant

T.

3

Uncom

mon in pinelands of L

ong Pine Key,

ENP.

Present in B

ISC.

Com

mon In prnelands and thrckets

Severe datrdge 5) tt8

c

of lower Florida K

eys, less comm

on cxorlc \\exrrnq rez-

in upper. W

est Indres, Raharna Islands.

bellred bq

~~

rrei

has

occurred on f 1110~1 Kt

,

of BI5C

. I\

I

Com

mon in the few

remnant pineland

F2, \I1 sites outside E

NP in D

ade Co.

Com

mon

in pinelands of lower Florida K

eys. 91s3

in Brow

ard Co.,

Fia. P

resent in Baharna

Islands and West Indles.

5 L

ocally comm

on in hamm

ocks and cypress R

anges widely but becom

ing depleted V

2, FI

swam

ps of EN

P and BIC

Y.

Also present in

in South Florida. A

lso ~n West Ind~

es, m

angrove zone of ENP.

Not yet recorded

Central an

d South S

merrca.

for BISC

.

5 W

idespread and comm

on in EN

P and B

ICY

. W

idespread in South Florida. A

lso V

2, FI A

lso recorded for BISC

. in W

est Indies, Central and South

Am

erica.

I P

resent locally in cypress and pond apple S

parin

glypresen

trnC

oll~erCo.,F

la. V

1,FI

areas of B

ICY

. A

lso in \\"esst lndies and elseurhere in

tropical Am

erica.

Level of C

oncern S

mith

.

mia

n

Florida lh

&

Habitat, S

tatus, and Lacation

Range and S

tatus Outside

A~

pro

pr~

ate

S

pecies (Family)

List

Com

mittee

Rep

wt

in South F

lorida Parks South Flortda P

arks V

anagemen!

?cr ~o

ns ----

Tillandsia polystachia

3

Locally com

mon i~ dw

arf mangrove areas

Becom

ing rare in South F

lorida out- V

2, FI r

of EN

P (C

raighcad, 1963). One of th

e less side parks.

Also W

est Indies, Central

(Brom

eliaceae) com

mon brom

eliads in cypress areas of B

ICY

. and South A

merica.

Keddish W

ild Pine

Tillandsia flexuosa Sw

. (8romeflaceae) B

anded Wild Pim

e

Tillandsia circinnata

Schlecht. (B

romeliaceae)

Tw

isted Air P

lant

Tillandsia balbisiana

Schul tes (B

romeliaceae)

Heflexed W

ild Pine

Cato

is berteroniana

Schultes) M

ez ex D.C.

t-= Catopsis floribunda

L. 8. Sm

. (B

rorneliactae)

Catopsis nutaris (Sw

.) C

riseb.

BIS

C.

elsewhere in tro

p~

cal Amer~

ca.

5 L

ocally comm

on in EN

P, especially in coastal W

idespread in South Florida, but areas.

Also in B

ISC and B

ICY

. declining outside parks.

Also 'A

ftst Indies, M

exico.

5 V

ery comm

on in a variety of habitats, W

idespread and locally comm

on in especially ham

mocks and cypress in E

NP

and South Florida.

Also in W

est Indies, B

ICY

. A

lso present in BISC

. C

entral and South Am

erica.

3 L

ocally comm

on in hamm

ocks, pinelands, O

nly in South Florida in U

.S. and prim

arily mangrove zone of E

NP.

Uncom

mon outside EN

P. A

lso in P

resent in at least one cypress strand of BIC

Y

tropical Am

erica. (B

lack and Black, personal com

munication).

1 R

are in ENP, possibly confined to one sm

all P

resent in Fakahatchec Strand.

Only in

V I, F I area of L

ong Pine K

ey. South F

lorida in U.S. A

lso in tropical A

merica.

Not presently know

n from B

ICY

, but may be

Present in F

akah

atdu

e Strand. V

I, 1 present there.

Only in South Florida in U

.5. A

lso in tropical A

merica.

Level of C

oncern 3rn1 th

- sonian

FloriQ

This H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utside A

ppropriate Species (Fam

ily) L

ist C

omm

ittee R

eport in South Florida P

arks South Florida Parks

Managem

ent Actions -

Guzm

ania monostachia

ex Mez

' H

menocallis

almeri W

ats. l2k3izze*

H m

enocallis latifolia b

(Am

ar yllidaceae)

Burm

annia flava Mart.

l~urm

anniaceae)

Vanilla phaeantha

Heichenb. f .

Vanilla barbellata

Heichenb. f.

(Orchidaceae)

Spiranthes costariceniis Iteichenb. 1. (O

rchidaceae)

E 1

Present in one of the L

ong Pine Key

Present only in 5outh Florida in U.S.

Vl, F!,

I ham

mocks, EN

P. L

ocally comm

on in portion L

ocally comm

on in Fakahatchee Strand,

of a cypress strand of BIC

Y (B

lack and W

of BIC

Y.

Also in W

est Indies, South B

lack, personal comm

unication). A

merica.

Locally uncom

mon in w

et prairies of EN

P. E

ndemic to Sourh Florida.

In wet

N i P

resent in prairies of BIC

Y.

prairies throughout but nowhere

comm

on.

Uncom

mon on shores and keys of Florida B

ay E

ndemic to

South Florida, north to N

1 in ENP, and on shores and in ham

mocks of

Brow

ard Co. and L

ee Co.

BlSC

and FOJE

.

Possibly present in BlC

Y

Know

n from F

akahatchee strand. I

In hamm

ocks on north shore of Florida Bay

Know

n from F

akahatchee strand, I, N

in EN

P. Probably in sam

e cypress areas of W

est Indies. B

ICY

.

Fairly comm

on in buttonwood ham

mocks of

Only in S. Fla. in U

.S. and rare outside

Habitat threatened

SE portion of EN

P, W to C

ape Sable EN

P. A

lso in Cuba and B

ahamas.

by invasion of (buttonw

ood zone), and along mangrove belt

Casuar ina.

of western EN

P.

Reported by L

ucr (1972) as having been O

nly know

n from single E

NP site in

discovered in single EN

P hamm

ock in 1953, South Florida.

Also in C

entral and in hum

us along margins of solution holes.

South Am

erica. A

ppears to have been lost.

Level of C

oncern Sm

ith- sonian

Florida

This

Species (F

amily)

List

Com

mittee

Report

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and S

tatus Outside

Appropr~

are in South F

lorida Pa

rk

South Florida Parks

Managem

ent Acr ions

Spiranthes polyantha

Kerchenb. 1.

(Orchidaceae)

Er throdes guerceticola

7iibmes (O

rchidaceae)

Platanthera @

?

~u

tt.) Luer (O

rchidaceae)

Habenaria

uin ueseta [

-A

.'A. :a

ton var. quinqueyta

(Orchidaceae

Enc clia tam

pense &

small

(Orchidaceae)

Butterfly O

rchid

Encyclia cochleata (1.)

Oressler

(Orchidaceae)

Clam

shell Orchid

Reported by L

wr ( 197 2) as having been

Has been found at several sites in

first discovered in U.S. on Elliott K

ey (BISC

) central and northern Florida.

Also

in 1915. N

o location known there a

t present. in blexico, W

est Indtes.

Presently know

n in one EN

P harnmock

Present in F

for~da, S. M

rssrss~ppl, N

ot a stww

y or (F

airchild, Block H

of Long P

ine Key) and in

SE Texas, W

est Ind~es, Central and

consp~cuous orchrd.

Ham

mock R

36 NE of P

inecn

st in BIC

Y.

South Am

erica. F

1

Occurs locally in "L

oop" area of BIC

Y betw

een R

eaches S limit of its range in B

ICY

. N

1 O

asis and Roberts L

ake Strand.

Range extends to T

exas and New

Jersey.

Present sparingly in pinelands of L

ong Pine K

ey, Native to

SE U.S.,

Florida to SE T

exas N

1 E

NP.

Also present, but rare in ham

mocks

and South Carolina.

Rare in pinelands

of Pin

crest area, BIC

Y.

of south Dade C

o. and on Big Pine K

ey, M

onroe Co.

Very com

mon in ham

mocks, m

angrove zone, M

ost abundant orchid in South Florida,

VZ, FI

and cypress forests of EN

P and BIC

Y.

Present

although declining. P

resent in in BISC.

Has been greatly reduced locally by

peninsular Florida and Baham

as. fire ahd probably by collecting.

Present in m

any hamm

ocks of Long Pine K

ey, M

oderately comm

on in South Florida.

Vl, FI

EN

P. A

lso in cypress strands of BIC

Y.

Not found elsew

here in U.S. A

lso present in 'Y

est Indles, Mex~

co, Central A

merica, C

olombia, and V

enezuela.

Level of

Concern

Sm

ith- sonlan

Florida

This

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and S

tatus Outside

Appropriate

Species (F

amily)

List

Com

mittee

Repart

in South Florida P

arks South Florida Parks

Managem

enr Xcr ~

on

s

Enc clia boothiaria

&D

ressler (O

rchidaceae) D

ollar Orchid

fipidendrum y

ap

s 3acq.

Orchidaceae

Brow

n .Epiclendrum

E idendrum difform

e Jacq. h

ae

-

Um

belled Epidendrum

E idendrum

nocturnum 3acq.

ha

e-

N

ight-blooming E

pidendrum

Epidendrum

acunae D

ressler (O

rchidaceae)

E idendrum ri idum

3acq. k

ae

+

Matted E

pidendrum

T E

1 R

are in mangrove zone of E

NP, especially

on buttonwood.

Also know

n from K

ey Largo, but not

Vl, R

elsew

here in U.S. A

lso present in -

West Indies, M

exico, Guatem

ala, B

elize.

3 L

ocally comm

on in cypress strands in BlC

Y

Fairly com

rnon in Fakahatchee S

trand I

and possibly present in EN

P as w

ell. and vicinity, but n

ot present in U.S.

outside Florida. A

lso presenr in West

Indies, Mexico, C

entral and South A

merica.

2 R

ccordcd from B

ICY

f tom ham

mock near

1-28 Tieback C

anal (Black and B

lack, 1978) and probably present elsew

here in B

ICY

.

3 F

airly common in Long Pine K

ey hamm

ocks of E

NP and in cypress forests of B

ICY

.

2 V

ery rare. E

elievcd to occur in one locality

in cypress strand in BIC

Y.

Fairly com

mon in South Florida, but not

I present elsew

here in U.S. A

lso present in W

est Indies, Mexico, C

entral and S

outh Am

erica.

Widespread but becom

ing rare, in South

VI, F

l Florida.

Not present elsew

here in U.S.

Also present in W

est Indies, ,Mexico,

Central and South A

merica.

Form

erly known in U.S.

only from

1 F

akahatchee Strand. A

lso present in C

uba, Central A

merica.

3 M

oderately comm

on in Long P

ine Key

One of the com

monest orchids of South

V2, F

I h

amm

ock

of EN

P and in cypress forests of

Florida, but declining.

Not present

BIC

Y.

elsewhere in U

.S. A

lso present in West

Indies, .Mexico, C

entral and Quth

Am

er~ca.

Level of C

oncern .

Srnr th- sonian

Florida T

his H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utslde A

pp

ro

pr

~~

!~

Specres (Fam

ily) L

ist C

omm

ittee R

eport in S

outh Florida P

arks South Florida P

arks 'danagerncn:

XC

TIO

~I,

Pol stach a concreta

-y

r sweet

punctatum

(Orchidaceae)

Cow

Horn O

rchid

Govenia utriculata L

indl. (O

rahidaceae)

Galeandra beyrichii

Heichenb. 1.

(Orchidaceae)

Maxillaria crassifolia

Im

ei

ch

en

b.

f. (O

rchidaceae)

Brassia caudata (L.) L

indi. (

Or

ch

id

ax

Spider O

rchid

3

Fairly comm

on in hamm

ocks of Long Pine

Moderately cornm

on over much of South

\'2, F1

Key of E

NP.

Uncom

mon in ham

mocks of

Florida, but not found elsewhere in U.C.

mangrove zone, E

NP.

Uncom

mon in cypress

Also in 'W

est Indies, M

exico, Central and

strands of BIC

Y.

South Am

erica, Africa, South A

sia, Indonesia, and Phrlippines.

I E

xtremely rare in ham

mocks of L

ong Pine P

resent in U.S.

only ~n South Florida, V1

Key of E

NP

and sparingly present in mangrove

primarily in vicinity of B

rg Cypress

forests on the north shore of Florida B

ay. sw

amp.

Also in W

est Indies, Mexico,

Uncom

mon, but w

idespread, in cypress forests C

entral, and South Am

er~ca.

of BIC

Y.

2 D

iscovered in 1957 in one ham

mock of E

NP

Not present elsew

here in U.S.

Also

in Long P

in K

ey area. N

ot seen recently. present in W

est Indies, Central, and

South Am

erica.

2 In E

NP, know

n only from trailside in one

Present in several tropical hardw

ood V

l? (yet only know

n L

ong Pine K

ey hamm

ock. P

lant apparently ham

mocks of D

ade Co.

Also in W

est site in E

NP

is m

ay lie do

rmm

t for several years. Indies, South A

merica.

adjacent to surf aced

trarl); FI

E 1

Rather abundant a

t one locality in BIC

Y,

Otherw

ise known (L

uer, 1972) in U.S.

V1, FI

where it is epiphytic on pond apple.

only from F

akaharchee Strand. A

lso in W

est Indies, Central and.South A

merica.

RE

I

Until recently w

as known from

one hamm

ock P

resent until 19Z09s in N

~xon-Lew

is R

(B

lock A) of L

ong Pine Key.

The last H

amm

ock near Hom

estead. N

ever rem

aining known individual in th

e wild w

as elsew

here in U.S.

than Dade C

o. A

lu, killed by the freeze of January 1977.

Persists

in West Indies, C

entral and South in cultivation in lim

ited numbers.

Am

erica.

2 C

ollected ma

r Coot B

ay (EN

P) in 1915 by 3.

K. Sm

all and not seen in U.S. since.

b- b

~ \ _

*

Level of C

oncern Sm

ith- sonian

Florida T

his H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utside 4pproprlate

Species (F

amily)

Llst

Com

mittee

Report

in South Florida P

arks South Florida P

arks 'danagernent

4ct Ions

-

--------

Oncidium

ensatum L

indl. 1

Infrequent in ham

mocks of Long P

ine Key in

Present in U

.S. only in South Florida,

V2 (V

i"), F

l (to

r fforidanum

~ mes) EN

P. north to C

ollier Co.

Also in B

ahamds.

. (O

rchidaceae)

Oncidium

altissimum

1

Main habitat in U.S.

is in mangrove zone of

Present in U

.S. only in South Florida,

VI

ow

.

ENP.

north to C

ollier County.

.41w in W

est ( : 0. luridum

Lindl.)

Indies, Mexico, C

entral and South (0

rZid

aceael A

merica.

Mule-ear orchid

Oncid~

um carthagenense

Present in W

est Ind~es, M

ex~co, Central

ow

.

and South Am

erica. (O

rchidaceae)

Macradenia lutescens

1 P

resent until recently (Luer, 1972) in a

Not know

n in U.S.

outside EN

P. R

, although gene R

. Brow

n ham

mock of E

NP.

May be extinct in the U.S.

Formerly present a

t several other pool m

ay already be (O

rchidaceae) D

ade Co. sites.

Also occurs in W

est lost and sp

ec~es does

Trinidad M

acradenia Indies, S

outh Am

erica. thrive in cult~

vation.

lonopsis utricularioides 3

Locally com

mon in cypress strands and

Present in U

.S. only in South Florida,

V1, F1

Lindl.

associated comm

unities (pond apple and pop w

here it grows prim

arily in Collrer C

o. (O

rch~daceae)

ash ponds) in BIC

Y.

Also present in m

angrove A

lso in West Indres, C

entral Am

erica, forests of w

estern EN

P. South A

mer~

ca.

Pleurothallis elida L

indl. lO

rchid

aceae8-

Know

n in EN

P from

single collection in EN

P

Uncom

mon in F

akahatchee Strand. H

erbarium frorn "cypress slough, w

est P

resent in tropical Arnerica.

side of park."

Polyrhiza lindenii (Llndl.) C

ogn. 3

Present in cypress strands of B

ICY

. P

resent in Fakahatchee strand.

ex Urban

Baham

as and Cuba.

(Orchidaceae)

Ghost O

rchld

N

0

I

L

Level of C

oncern S

mrth

- sonian

Flortda T

his H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status D

utslde A

ppropriate S

pec~

es (Farntly) L

~st C

omm

ittee R

epopt in South Florida P

arks South F

lor~

da Parks

'hlanagemen~ A

ct tons -----

----- ----

Peperom

ia f lor idana Sm

all (P

iperaceae)

Pe

romia obtusifolia

Kfk

ir

(Piperaceae)

Schoe fia chrysophylloides A

. Rich.

Planchon z-5 (O

lacaceae) G

ulf Graytw

ig

Aristolochia

ntandra (Jacq.) (

Ar

is

to

lo

ch

ia

k

Okenia hypogaea

Schlect. & C

ham.

Clem

atis baldwinii T.

& G

. (H

anunculaceae)-

Prunus m rtifo

l~a (L.) U

rb. ~

e+

'

U'est Indian C

herry ,

3 P

resent in a few ham

mocks on Long P

ine Key

Fakahatchee, D

ade hamm

ocks, Brow

ard. FI, V

2

EN

P. A

lso in cypress strands within B

ICY

. E

ndemic to

south Florida. (Note:

Recent

oral comm

unications claim that this is a

synonym of E. obtusifolia)

4

Present In only a few

of the Long Pine K

ey P

resent in some D

ade Co. ham

mocks but

1, F 1, V2

ham

mocks of E

NP, and form

erly known from

not in others.

Also in the F

akahatchee the F

lamingo area.

Strand. W

ide ranging in tropical A

merica.

5 U

ncomm

on in hamm

ocks of Long Pine K

ey and P

resent in U.S. only in Florida, from

F

1 in ham

mocks N

of Long Pine Key, E

NP.

Upper K

eys N to V

oiusia and Pinellas P

resent in numerous ham

mocks of P

inecrest C

os. R

are outside EN

P. area of B

ICY

(Black and B

lack, 1978).

2 V

ery rare on Wio

tt and Sands Keys, B

ISC.

Also in W

est Indies.

2 P

resent on one key on the Gulf in T

en Thousand Islands, E

NP.

Rare on beaches, K

ey Biscayne to

Jupiter, east coast of Florida.

Also in M

exico.

Rare in pinciands of L

ong Pine Key, E

NP.

Endem

ic to Florida.

Present in pinelands

F2 A

ppears to be an annual species w

hich initiates of D

ade Co.

Status elsew

here unknown

life cycle with germ

ination following fire.

to authors.

Locally fairly com

mon in ham

mocks of Long

Rare in ham

mocks of D

ade County.

Pim

Key, E

NP.

Not know

n from ham

mocks

Absent from

Florida K

eys. A

lso in of BIC

Y (B

lack and Black, 1978).

West Indies.

Fl, U

2

Level of C

oncern I

Sm

tth- sontan

Florida

Th

~s

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and S

tatus Ou

ts~d

e A

ppropriare I

Species (F

amily

List

Com

mittee

Report

in South F

lorida Parks

South Florida Parks

ilanago-nenr Actron5

--. I

Licania m

ichauxii P

rance (C

hr ysobalanaceae) G

opher Apple

Acacia

ixto

rurn

Herm

ann =mi& ~

in;land Acacia

Rh nchosia cinerea N

ash T

w

a~

Rh nchosia sw

artzii

(Legum

inosae)

Cassia deerin iana

&*acbr. (L

egutninosae)

Desm

odiutn lineatutn DC

. ?

~e

~u

mt

no

sa

r

Fp

hro

sia florida F. G

. ll~etr.)~.. W

ood

4

Uncom

mon in east end o

f Long Pine Key, E

NP.

lJncomm

on in various pinelands of Dade

F2, hi1 C

o. and on the lcwer F

lorida Keys.

.

Ranges north to G

eorgia and bl~ssissippi. C

omm

on in central Florida.

Present sparingly in pinelands and glades of

in pineland and scrub from L

ee and F2, kt2

Long P

ine Key, E

NP.

Dade counties to

tlre lower F

lorida Keys. A

lso in \Vest fndies.

Rare in pinelands of

Long P

ine Key, E

NP.

Present in p~

nelands of Low

er Florida

F2

Keys and in F

lorida north to L

ake Co.

Endem

ic to Florida.

Probably present on the Keys of B

ISC, but not

Rare in ham

mocks of F

lorida Keys.

I, NI

seen recently. A

lso in Baham

a Islands and Cuba.

Widespread and com

mon in pinelands of

Long

Endem

ic to Florida.

Found in south F2, 5!1

Pine K

ey, ENP.

Florida, w

est central Florida, and the

panhandle.

Rare and local in pim

lands of Long P

ine Key,

Known frsm several rem

nan

t pinelands F2, U

I E

NP.

of D

ade Co. outside E

NP.

Ranges

north in sandy pinelands to :\Iaryland

and Louisiana.

Rare and local in pinelands of L

ong Pine K

ey, N to L

ouisiana and North C

arol~

na.

F2

E

NP.

Know

n frorn a few

pinelands of South I)a&

- C

o.

Level of C

oncern !5iiar---- sonran

Florrda T

hrs H

ab~

tat, Status, and Locatton

Range and S

tatus Outs~

de l?oroprtitc

Specres (F

amrly)

L~

st Com

mittee

Report

~n South Florida Parks

South Flo

r~d

a Parks 1ianage:rle;:

ir:ton

s

-

- - - - - -

. - - -

- -

Aeschynom

ene pratensis Srnall

var. p!atensy (L

eguminosae

lnd

~ afera ke ensis Sm

all &os* S

tylosanthes calcicola Sm

all (L

eguminosae)

Galactia

inetorum Sm

all ~

rn

5-

a-

Linum

carter1 Small

--

var. srnallii Rogers

(~

in

ac

x

Guaiacurn sanctum

L. (ZyR

ophyl~ ac

ea

e)

Alvaradoa am

orphoides L

~ebm

. (S

imaroubaceae)

Mexican A

lvaradoa

5 P

resent in Taylor Slough and Shark V

alley E

ndemic to

South Florida. K

nown

U I

in EN

P. frorn B

rouard Co. and

IS probably

present in the three conservat~on areas

of southeast Florida.

No E

NP

specimen in E

NP herbarium

, but E

ndemic ta South Florida.

Present in

X

I reported from

area near Flamingo.

Upper and M

iddle Florida Keys.

Uncom

mon in pinelands and pineland-glade

Form

erly considered endemic to

South F2

margins of L

ong Pine Key, E

NP.

Florida. P

resent in pinelands and pineland-glade

margins of D

ade Co.

and lower Florida K

eys. R

ecently found on G

rand Baham

a Island.

3 U

ncomm

on in pinelands of Long P

ine Key,

Endem

ic to South Florida.

Present in

F2, h

l2 E

NP.

pinelands of Dade C

o. T

axonomic status

uncertain.

3? P

resent in eastern part of EN

P (entrance area

Endem

ic to South Florida.

Co

nf~

ned

to

I, XI, seerns to th

r~v

e

and Long Pine K

ey). A

lso known from

D

ade Co.

~n distu

rbed

hab

itats M

onument R

oad area of B

ICY

. (roadstd~

s, levees, etc.)

1 L

ocally present on Totten an

d O

ld Rhodes

Uncom

mon and local in U

pper Flo

r~d

a V

2 K

ey in BISC

. K

eys. A

lso West lndies and C

entral A

merica.

1.

U

ncomm

on in pinelands of Block A, w

estern L

ong Pine K

ey, ENP.

Occurs in a few

hamm

ocks of South

Fl?, F

2, MI

Dade C

o. V

ery rare. A

lso In Baham

as, C

uba, and Central A

merica to

N

icaragua.

I -+.-

---- -

I I

Ateram

nus lucldus (Sw.)

Kothm

. ( = G

ymnanthes~

lucida) (E

uphorbiaceae C

rabwood

Poinsettia pinetoru~

n 4

Widespread and fairly cornm

on in pinelands E

ndemic to

South Florida.

Very

F2, MI

Small

' of Long P

ine Key, E

NP.

limited distribution outside E

NP,

(Euphorbiaceae)

but known to

be present in several D

ade Co. liinestone pinelands outside

EN

P.

h)

r

I

Level of C

oncern Sm

l th- sonlan

Florida

This

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and S

tatus Ou

ts~d

e A

ppropriate S

pec~

es (Family)

L~

st Com

mittee

Report

in South F

lorida Parks

South F

lor~

da Parks

Managem

ent Act ~

on

s -- P

olvgala boykinii Nutt.

T

3 L

ocally comm

on in pinelands of Long P

ine F

ormerly believed to be a South F

lorida FZ

I;~ig;c;iibt~a W

heelock K

ey, EN

P. T

his may be the only area occupied

endernic, but now know

n to exist also in

by this taxon on the U.S.

mainland.

Baham

as where it 1s w

idespread. A

lso present in pinelands of low

er Flo

r~d

a K

eys.

2 R

are on dry limestone outcrops on ham

mock

Form

erly present on Big P

~n

e Key, but

F2

margins in B

ICY

north of Pinecrest.

Presently

now ex

tirpated

. P

resent In South

known only from

BlC

Y in Florida.

Flo

r~d

a, South Texas, M

exico.

4

Uncom

mon in pinelands of L

ong Pine K

ey, A

lso present at pinelands s

~te

s

of Dade

F2

EN

P. H

as been collected in Collier C

o. and C

ounty ou

ts~d

e ENP.

En

dem

~c to

is probably present in B

ICY

. D

ade and Collier counties.

3 L

ocally comm

on in hamm

ocks within m

an- V

ery rare or absent ~n Dade C

o. N

1 grove zone of SW

portion of EN

P. R

are in outside E

NP.

Moderately rare in

BISC

. F

lorida Keys as a result of use for

timber and deliberate destruction

because of polsanous properties. W

ide- spread in R

merican tropics.

5 A

bundant on islands of BISC

. A

dominant

Com

mon in upper F

lorida Keys, but

F 1 tree species of old-grow

th hamm

ock forest very rare o

n m

ainland (Long P

ine Key

of Totten K

ey. V

ery rare in hamm

ocks of rnay be only locality).

Also in W

est L

ong Pine K

ey, ENP. Indies, .M

exico, Central A

merica.

Croton hum

ilis L. (E

uphorbiaceae)

Stillin ia s lvatica L. R

ogers T

(Euphorbiaceae)

Hi~

p~;-t;~

,"~yineIla

L. 1

Manchineel

------- - -m*---

-

-- -

--*--

Level of C

oncern Sm

l th- sonian

Florida T

his H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utside A

ppropriate

Species (Fam

ily) L

lst C

omm

ittee R

eport in South F

lor~

da Parks

South Flor~

da Parks M

anagement A

ctrons

Dr

etes lateriflora 3

Present in a few

hamm

ocks of Long Pine K

ey R

are from Florida K

eys N to

Brow

ard F

l S

w.

Krug &

Urb.

?--?- in E

NP

and in a few ham

mocks north of

Co.,

Fla. A

lso in West Indies, southern

(Euphor biaceae)

Pinecrest and in B

ear lsland area of BIC

Y.

Mextco, C

entral Am

erica. G

uiana-plum

Also present in ham

mocks in B

ISC.

Cham

aer ce arberi

E 1

Rare in B

lock A of pinelands of Long Pine

Recorded for Florida K

eys but not F2

&c

!

~m

dl

K

ey of ENP.

Also present in prairie areas of

seen there recently. E

ndemic to South

(Euphorbiaceae)

Cape Sable.

This taxon m

ay now be confined

Florida. to

EN

P.

I

Cham

aesyce cumulicola

T

Not reported from

Ten T

housand Islands of E

ndemic to

South Florida. Stlll

I, R (DISC

) S

mall

EN

P, but probably exists there. Form

erly present on the shores of C

ollier Co.,

(Euphorbiaceae)

collected on Elliott K

ey of B

ISC, but not

but seems to be gone from

its former

known from

there at present.

range in Dade C

o.

Cham

aesyce pinetorum

4 W

idespread and comm

on in pinelands of Long

Endem

ic to South Florida. S

eems to

Sm

all Pine K

ey, ENP.

be confined to limestone pinelands

(Euphorbiaceae)

of South D

ade Co.

Still present in pinelands o

uts~

de EN

P.

Cham

aesyce conferta 4

Present on L

ong Pine Key, E

NP, w

here E

ndemic to

South Florida. R

are in rm

all distribution is sw

tty.

Also present in

pinelands of Dade C

o. C

an become

(Euphor biaceae)

Pinecrest, B

ICY

. w

eedy norm

al in habitat. disturbed sltes adjacent to

its

Cham

acsyce porter t~r

la

T 4

Com

mon in pinelands of L

ong Pine Key.

Rare outside E

NP in D

ade Co.

bmal l

Recently discovered in L

ostman's Pines area

prnelands. E

ndem~

c to South

var. =?

of BIC

Y, w

here it is rare. Florida.

(Euphorbtdceae

r\)

ul

I

L

Level of concern'

Sm

ith- sontan

Florida

' T

hts H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

urside 4ppropriate

Species (F

antly

) L

ist C

omm

ittee R

eport in S

outh Florida P

arks S

outh Florida Parks

Wdnage:nent

Acr tons

--- - -

Phyllanthus pentaphyllus

T

C. W

right ex G

riseb. var. floridanus W

ebsrer c~~pho-

Tra ia saxicola S

mall

Euphorbiaceae) P

Ar

thamnia blodgettii

+m. T

(Euphorbiaceae)

flex krugiana Loes.

(Aauif oliaceae)

~a

\;n~

be

rr

~

Holly

Cal

tranthes zuzygiurn 7i&--

4

Abundant and ubiquitous in pinelands of

Long

Endem

ic to S

outh Florida.

Confined to

F2, b11

Pine K

ey, EN

P. lim

estone pinelands of South D

ade CO

. and low

er Florida K

eys.

4

Very com

mon in pinelands of L

ong Pine K

ey, E

ndemic to

South Florida.

Confined

F2, M

I EN

P. to

limestone pinelands of S

outh Dade C

o. and low

er Florida K

eys.

1 R

are and localized in a portion of B

lock A,

of pineland, Long P

ine Key, E

NP.

3 U

ncomm

on in pinelands and ham

mocks of

Long P

ine Key, E

NP.

Seem

s to be most

comm

on in pineland Block 3.

Apparently

not present in BlC

Y (B

lack and Black,

1978).

1 V

ery rare, but locally comm

on in Paradise

Key and present in M

ahogany Ham

mock

of ENP.

Endem

ic to S

outh Florida. K

nown

F2, MI

from a few

pinelands of South D

ade C

o. and lower F

lorida Keys.

Very rare outside E

NP

in U.S. P

resent M

1, probably fire in a

t least one pineland area (Cam

p sensitive, but persists

Ow

issa Bauer) of S

outh Dade C

o. and in burned pinelands.

also in a few of th

e Dade C

o. hamm

ocks. A

lso in West Indies.

Present in upper F

lorida Keys.

Also in

F1 W

est Indies.

Calyptranthes pallens

5 F

airly comm

on in hamm

ocks of saline zone in W

idespread, but seldom com

lnon in F I

Cr~

seb.

SE EN

P. U

ncomm

on in hamm

ocks of Long P

ine S

outh Florida, including Florida K

eys. :M

yrtaceae) K

ey and in hamm

ocks of rocky glades N of

Also in L

lexico, West Indies.

Long P

ine Key, E

NP.

Uncom

mon in ham

rnocks

f2-X of B

lCY

and BIFC

.

+c::+

$# t.?

,(A.

0, .O(.

'C$

. ,, * (,..

-.I 0;: ' /,

< 8

N

'wL tq

Level of C

oncern k

nith

- w

nian Florida

This

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and S

tatus Outside

Appro

priate

. Species (Fam

ily) L

ist C

omm

ittee R

eport in S

outh Florida P

arks South Florida P

arks M

anagement A

ctions

Eu m

ia confusa DC

. k

iy

rt

ac

er

r- ~

ed

Stopper

M rcianthcs fragrans

. *-gh var. simpsonii (Sm

all) R

. W.Lann

(~~

rtac

ea

;) Sim

pson's Stopper

Ludw

igia spathulifolia Sm

all (O

nagraceae)

Jac inia ke ensis M

ez *as& Joew

ood

Bum

elia reclinata E

iV

en

t.

(S

apotaceae)

Manil kara baham

ensis 7-m.

&

Meeuse

(Sapotaceae)

5 Sm

all populations known on islands of B

ISC.

Present in B

rickell Ham

mock in

N I

One of the m

ajor species of old-growth

Miam

i, Matheson H

amm

ock and ham

mock forest on T

otten Key.

several other hamm

ocks of East

Dade C

o. and on Key L

argo in M

onroe Co.

Also in W

est Indres.

Locally com

mon in ham

mocks of L

ong Pine E

ndemic to South Florida.

(According

Fl? A

ppears to have

Key, E

NP and in ham

mocks N

of Long Pine

to L

ittle (1976), it is restricted to been stim

ulated by K

ey. A

lso comm

on in most of the tropical

Dade C

o. and is rare and local.) fire in som

e hamm

ocks, ham

mocks in B

ICY

. b

ut absent f row

adjacent pinelands.

Present in T

aylor Slough of EN

P. K

nown from

Dade and L

ee counties. I

Endem

ic to South Florida. T

axonomy

and distribution poorly understood.

Scattered plants on Long Pine K

ey, and on R

anges north on west coast of Fla. to

F2 in pinelands; MI

Florida Bay K

eys, and in shore hamm

ocks of C

harlotte Co.

Present in W

est the m

ainland, all in EN

P. P

resent throughout Indies.

Threatened:

Fla. law, 1978.

the keys of BISC

.

Com

mon in transverse glades on L

ong Pine R

anges through Florida and to G

eorgia N

I K

ey, EN

P. P

resent in BIC

Y.

and Louisiana.

Locally present along F

lorida Bay shore in

L

ocally comm

on in Florida Keys.

Also

NI

ENP.

Present in ham

mocks of B

ISC.

in Baham

a Islands, West Indies.

Level of C

oncern .

Sml th-

sonian F

lorida T

his H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utside A

pproprtate S

pezies (Fam

ily L

ist C

omm

ittee R

eport in S

wth

Florida Parks

South Florida P

arks M

anagement A

ct tons

Crossopetalum

rhacoma

Crantz

(Celastraceae)

Maytenus phyllanthoides

Bent h

(C

elastraceae)

Sch

aeffer~a f rutescens

Jacs.

H

late trifoliata Sw.

~a

~in

da

ce

ae

)

?-- w

hite Ironwood

Colubrina cubensis

(3acq.)ongn. var. floridana h4. C

. Johnst. (

~h

am

z

I R

are in pinelands of Long Pine K

ey, EN

P. K

nown from

a few pinelands of D

ade M

I, a species of R

are in hamm

ocks of BiSC

. C

o. outside EN

P. A

lso reported from

.hamm

ock margins,

several areas near the coast in Collter

probably unable to

Co.

More com

mon on th

e Florida w

~thstand repeated

Keys than on th

e mainland.

West

severe frre, bu

t Indies.

requiring open canopy.

2 U

ncomm

on in BfSC

. Probably present on

the Fla. Bay keys of

ENP.

Habitat is

hamm

ocks, dunes.

2 U

ncomm

on in BISC

.

Rare in F

lorida Keys.

Also present

N 1

on W coast of Florida N

to Levy Co.

Also in south T

exas, southern C

alifornia and Mexico.

Rare in F

lorida Keys and coastal areas

NI of SE D

ade Co.

Also in B

ahama

Islands, West Indies, elsew

here in tropical A

merica.

1 U

ncomm

on and very localized in pinelands V

ery rare in Florida K

eys and perhaps. F1, F2, M

I, appears to

and hamm

ocks of western L

ong Pine K

ey, near H

omestead in D

ade Co.

Also

require open 'canopy of E

NP.

West Indies.

pinelands, but sensit~

ve

to severe fire.

I - range in B

lSC

unknown.

1 U

ncomm

on in pinelands of western L

ong Pine V

ery rare in South Dade C

o. outside M

I, appears to require K

ey, ENP.

EN

P. P

resent in Nixon-L

ewis ham

mock

open canopy of near H

omestead.

Var. floridana occurs

pinelands or hamm

ock in South F

lorida and Andros Island of

edges, but probably B

ahamas.

Other varieties present in

sensitive to severe

Cuba and H

ispaniola. fire.

1 I

Level of C

oncern S

mi th

- sonian

Florida T

his H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utside S

pecies (Family)

List

Com

mittee

Report

in South Florida Parks South Florida P

arks

Colubrina arb

oresan

s 3

Uncom

mon in pinelands of L

ong Pine Key,

Present in cosstal ham

mocks of S

outh \%

I, I - range in BlS

C

-g. E

NP.

Fairly comm

on in hamm

ocks within

Florida and Florida Keys.

Also in W

est not know

n. (R

hamnaceae)

mangrove zone of E

NP.

Rare in ham

mocks

Indies, Mexico, C

entral Am

erica. C

offee Colubrina

north of Pinecrest in B

ICY

. R

eported fw

Sands Key, B

ISC.

Colubrina elliptica 15w.I

2 M

ay be present on islands of BISC

. R

ecorded P

resent in U.S.

only in upper Florida I - range in B

I5C

Bra. &

Stern

from vicinity of K

ey Largo R

anger Statlon, K

eys. W

est lndies. unknow

n. (R

hamnaceae)

ENP.

Soldierwood

Reynosia septentrionalis

5 F

airly comm

on on islands of BISC

. Possibly

Locally com

mon in Florida K

eys in a N

l, 1 - range In U

rbm

present on the shores and keys of Fla. B

ay, w

ide variety of vegetation types E

NP unknow

n. (R

hamnaceae)

ENP.

on mainland.

Also in B

ahama Islands.

Darling Plum

Vitts shuttle w

ort hi^ -

? R

ecorded frorn vicinity of Donut L

ake A

pparently somew

hat rare in South H

abitat ti

succe~

sion

al tiause

ma

r Paradise Key, E

NP, and from

roadside Florida.

Endem

ic to Florida. vegetat~

on. (V

~taceae)

scrub on Long Pine K

ey. S

tatus elsewhere not know

n to

Calusa G

rape authors.

toss

ium hirsutum

1. 3

Locally present in coastal ham

mocks

Rare on Florida K

eys. T

ropical N

I - Survived tnany dh---

and on Florida Bay keys of EN

P. A

merica.

years of attemp

ted

Wild C

otton erad

~ca tton.

Pavonia s icata Cav.

2 U

ncomm

on in mangrove zone of w

estern M

angrove zone of South Florida, N

1 ~

e*

E

NP.

tropical Am

erica. O

ccurs outslde klangrove M

allow

EN

P in SE D

ade Co.

I

Level of C

oncern . Sim

i th- sonian

Florida

R\ir

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and S

ratus Outside

Appropriate

Species (F

amily)

List

Com

mittee

Repoft

in ku

th F

lorida Parks

South Florida P

arks M

anagement A

ct~o

ns

Canella w

interana O

er

tn

.

(Canellaceac)

5 P

w~

nt

in

hnmm

ockr within m

angrove zone P

resent in U.S.

in hamm

ocks of N

I of SW

portion of

EN

P. F

airly colnmon on

Florida K

eys and SW

portion of ENP. -

islands of BISC

. A

lso in West lndies and elsew

here in tropical A

merica.

Hibiscus grandif lor us

MiC

trx. (\la

1 vaceae)

Present in solution holes of transverse glades of

Rare in "E

ast Glades" area of D

ade N

1 Long P

ine Key, E

NP.

Alro present in B

ICY

. C

o.; m

ore comm

on there before

drainage. R

anges N on coastal plain to

Mississippi and G

eorgia.

Paw

iflora sexflora Juu

. liG

zzic

eae)

Know

n from P

aradise Key, E

NP, but not seen

Know

n from C

astellow and N

ixon- F1, R

recent) y. L

ewis H

amm

ocks, north of H

omestead.

Also in M

exico, West

Indies, elsewhere in tropical

Am

erica.

Rhi

alb baccif era

f"

J. S. ~

iliTG

Gii-

(Cactaceae)

Mistletoe C

actus

Fwm

erly found ~pu

lngly in rnm

grove forests A

lso in Mexico, W

est Indies, other R

of Flam

ingo - Cape S

able region, ENP.

Seem

s parts of tropical A

merica, tropical

to !rave been destroyed by hurricanes of

1960 A

frica, and Ceylon (only cactus

and 1965. native in O

ld World).

Locally fairly com

mon in forests of saline a

mc

Uncom

mon in coastal h

am

m~

ks

V

2 adjacent to

Florida B

ay, ENP.

Present sparingly of

South Florida and F

lorida Keys.

on islands of BISC

.

I 1 P

ersimm

on

5 R

are in pinelands and hamm

ocks of Long

Present on K

ey Biscayne and in a

F1, but persists Pine K

ey, ENP.

Com

mon in ham

mocks

few ham

mocks near H

omestead.

in pinelands. N

of Pin

ecnst in B

ICY

. S

pecies ranges N to C

onnecticut and Iow

a. included here only because

it is rare at its southern lim

it in EN

P.

Level of concern'

Sml th-

sonlan Florida

' T

his H

abitat, Status, and Location

Range and S

tatus Outside

Sppropriate

Sp

ec~es (Fam

ily) L

lst C

omm

ittee R

eport in South Florida P

ark

South Florida Parks

Managem

ent Actions ---

Forestiera segregata

E (Jaco.)urr

& U

rb.

var: pii~etzrurn (Sm

all) M

. C. Johnst.

(3leaceae)

Leiphairnos pxasitica

Schlecht & C

ham.

(Gent ianaceae)

Vallesia an

t illana Woodson

(.9p

oc

yn

aW

pomoea m

icrodactyla G

riseb. (C

onvolvulaceae)

ym

oe

a tenuissim

a Choisy

Convolunlaceae)

Jacquemantia curtissii

7 iyeter ex

Hall. f.

(Convolvulaceae)

i'lneland M

orning-Glory

3 M

oderately comm

on in portions of pinelands E

ndemic to South Florida.

Present of L

ong Pin

Key, EN

P. in retnniint D

ade Co. pinelands.

3. A

pparently moderately rare, but w

ry

Plants saprophytic on leaf mold in

F 1

,

inconspicuous in hamm

ocks of Long Pine

hamm

ocks in South Florida and Florida K

ey, ENP.

Keys.

Very inconspicuous.

Also in

West Indies.

5 U

ncomm

on in ham

mocks of m

angrow m

e

Present in Florida Keys.

Also

N 1

in southern portion of ENP, W

to C

ape Sable. elsew

here in West Indies.

Alto recorded from

BISC

.

2 V

r y rare in B

ISC.

Prex

nt on a few

of the Florida Keys.

I, N2

Also B

ahamas and C

uba.

3 W

idespread, but rare, in pinelands of Long In U

.S., confined to pinelands of Sauth

F2, MI

Pin

Key, EN

P. O

ade Co

. Occurs in a

t least one pineland (C

amp O

wissa B

aucr) outside EN

P. A

lso West Indies.

4 L

ocally fairly comm

on in pinelands of Long

Apparently restricted to pinelands of

F2, hll

Pine K

ey, ENP.

South Florida. A

lso in W

est Indies.

4

Com

mon in plnelands of L

ong Pine Key, EN

P. P

resent in pinelands of B

ICY

. E

ndemic to

South Florida. P

rexn

t in pineiands of South D

ade Co

. as well as

in "rocky glades" areas. A

lso in pinelands of C

ollier and Hendry C

os.

Level of C

oncern .

3mi th-

sonian F

lorida This

Habitat, S

tatus, ud L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utside A

ppropr~ate

Species (F

amily)

List

Com

mittee

Report

in South Florida Parks South F

lorida Parks

,Managem

ent Act~

on

s

Bourreria cassinifolia (A

. G

riseb.

Cordia

lobosa (Jacq.) HBK. -+

var. hurnrl~s Iacq.) I.

M.

johnst. (h

agin

aceae)

Cordia sek

stena 1.

~l

na

ce

ae

)

Geiger-tree

Mallotonia

naphalodes

( = Tournefortia gnaphalodes)

(Boragtnaceae)

Sea-Lavender

Tournefortia hirsutissim

a L. b

or

ag

in

ac

ea

er

Lantana d

epreaa S

mall

(=

pa

tifo

lia var. reclinata)

1 V

ery rqe

in pinelands of L

ong Pine K

ey, V

ery rare in pinelands of South Dade

F2, MI

EN

P. C

o. P

resent in several remnant

pinelands outside EN

P; also on Big P

ine K

ey of Monroe C

o.

5 L

ocally comm

on in hamm

ocks of mangrove

Coastal ham

mocks of South F

lorida N

1 zone in EN?.

Recorded from

two ham

mocks

and Florida K

eys. ,4150 in W

esr Ind~es.

(Turner R

iver and near Pinecrest) from

SK

Y.

Not recorded from

BISC

.

Prcsent in coast&

hammocks dong Florida P

resent in U.S.

only in Florida Keys

N2?, V2

B

ay in ENP.

Scattered plants on shores

and extreme 5 portion of Florida

at B

ISC.

. m

ainland.

Present on f!

coast of E

lliott Key, B

ISC.

Also

Uncom

mon in coastal strand areas

FOJE (G

arden Key).

of South Florida and the Florida

Keys.

Also in W

est lndies.

I K

nown from

Paradise K

ey, ENP.

Present in

Distribution in South Florida is

F1 ham

mocks in various parts of B

ICY

. lim

ited to a few

hamm

ocks in South D

ade Co.

Also present elsew

here in tropical A

merica.

Locally fairly com

mon in pinelands of L

ong E

ndemic to

South Florida. C

on

f~n

ed to

F2, kt 1 P

ine Key, E

NP.

limestone pinelands of South D

ade Co.

Level of

Concern

Srncth- sonran

Florida T

his H

abitat, Status, and L

ocation R

ange and Status O

utside A

ppropr~are

Species (Fa-nily) L

ist C

omm

ittee R

eport in South Florida Parks

South Florida Parks

Managem

ent ',c

t lo

w

Verbena m

aritima Sm

all t-a

ce

ae

)

Hyp

tit alata (Raf .) Shirvrers

var. stT

by

lla Shinners

(Labiatae

Ocim

um m

icranthum

Willd

(Labiatae)

Wild B

asil

Pinffuicula pumila M

ichx. var. busw

ellii Moldenke

(Lentibulariaceae)

Utricularia resupinata

Greene

(Lentibulariaceae)

Stenandrium

kav.) Nees

var. floridana Gray

(~can

thaceae)

I R

are in pinelands of Long Pine K

ey, ENP, E

ndemic to

Florida. O

ccurs along E

F2 in pinelands

mainly in "Pine Island" area.

Also collected

Florida coast, N to

Volusia C

o. from

hamm

ock N of P

inecrest in BIC

Y.

@ T

his variety is probably the one present on E

ndemic to South Florida.

Com

mon in

FZ

Long Pine Key of E

NP and in the surrounding

the south half of Dade C

o., and

glades. Probably also present in B

ICY

. recorded from

Collier C

o.

2 R

are and local. K

nown from

limestone outcrops Present a

t widely separated places on

NI

In one hamm

ock of Long Pine Key, E

NP and

hamm

ock margins and glade m

argins in in several ham

mocks N

of Pinecrest in South D

ade Co. and on the Fla. K

eys. B

ICY

. A

lso in West Indies, M

exico, and else- w

here in tropical Am

erica.

Type specimen

of witty

is from the edge

Endem

ic to South Florida, but local

1 of B

ICY

, and it may still be in B

ICY

. range unknow

n to authors.

Scattered patches of plants on m

argins of N

ot known to

authors outside of low

er Taylor Slough in EN

P. M

ore comm

on South Florida parks.

in cypress prairie areas in BIC

Y.

Widespread, but sparingly present in

Endem

ic to Florida.

Ranges north

F 2 M

uhltnber~ia - dom

inated prairies and to

Citrus and O

rceola Cos.

Usually

pineiands of EN

P and BIC

Y.

noticed only when in bloom

following

fire.

Level of C

oncern -

Smith-

sonian Florlda

this

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and 9tatus O

utside A

ppropr~ate

Spectcs (Fam

ily) L

~st C

omm

ittee R

eport in South Florida P

arks South Florrda P

arks '.lanage-nent

Ict1on3 ---

-

-------------- ---

El traria caroliniensis

T J

F Gm

el.) Pers. I+-- vat. angusta (F

ern) Blake

(Acanthaceae)

i) schwiste oblongifolia

hn

t

re var. angusta (G

ray) R. w. Long (A

canthaceae)

Rucllia caroliniensis

(J.~mel.)

Steud. var. su

cculen

ts (Small)

R. W

. Long

Barreria term

inalis Small

(Hubiaceae )

Ernodea littoralis S

w.

--

var. I~tto

ral~

s (

~u

bi

ac

r

Ernodea litto

ral~s Sw

. var. a

nm

n~

al

l)

R

. W. Long

(Rubiaceae)

0 F

airly comm

on in transverse glades of Long

Endem

ic ro South Florida. P

resent in - F

2

Pine K

ey, EN

P. P

resent in pinelands of BIC

Y.

low pinelands and glades of D

ade Co.

4 A

bundant and ubiquitous in pinelands of Long V

irtually wd

emic to South Florida,

F2, M

I P

ine Key, E

NP.

Also present in pinelands

although one station reported from

and prairies of BICY

. G

rand Baham

a I. F

airly comm

on in pinelands of D

ade Co. and th

e Flor~

da K

eys.

4 P

resent in the transverse glades on Long

Endem

ic to S

outh Florida. R

ange outside F2

Pine Key of E

NP.

of E

NP not w

ell known.

Present in

glade at L

arry and Penny Thom

pson Park

in Dade C

o.

4 A

bundant in pinelands of Long P

ine Key, EN

P. E

ndemic to

South Florida.

Present in

F2, MI

Also present in

rocky glades of EN

P and in

pinelands of south Dade C

o. and th

e pinelands of B

1CY.

Florida Keys.

I U

ncomm

on in beach dune cornmunitia along

Confined in the U

.S. to

coastal areas of N

I Florida B

ay in ENP.

Florida, prirnaril y South Florida. A

lso in W

est Indies.

1 N

ot presently known from

EN

P, although V

ery rare in pinelands of South Dade

F2

Robertson recorded it a

t a site in pinelands C

o. Still present in several rem

nant of eastern Long P

ine Key in the 1950's.

pinelands (Navy W

ells, Larry C

Penny T

hompson P

ark). M

oderately comm

on in pinelands of L

ower Florida K

eys. A

lso in W

est Indies.

Level s

f Concern

Smr th-

son

an

Florrda

This

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and S

tatus Outside

Spproprrare

Sp

rc~es (F

a-r~~

ly)

L~

st Com

mrttee

Report

in South F

lorida Parks

South Florida P

arks '\lanagem

ent +r_r ~o

qs

---

---------- -

- - - -

- - - - - - - -

Exostem

a car ibaeum

OR

&

S (~

ub

iaceae) P

rincewood

hlelanthera parvifolia T

Small

Sachsia

1 ce hala Griseb.

(Cornps*

A

eratum littorale G

ray ?

&i

ar

Aster concolor L. var. sim

ulatus (

Sm

all~

~o

n~

on

e.

- (C

ornpositae)

Eupatorium

f rustratum

8. 1. R

obinson (C

ornpositae)

2 R

are in 6I.X (E

lliott Key, O

ld Rhodes

Present in U

.S. only in F

lorida Keys

N1 - F

ormerly m

uch K

ey). w

here it 1s uncomm

on. A

lso in West

- used m

edicinally, but lndies and from

Mexico to C

osta Rica.

no collection pressure know

n at present.

4

Com

mon in pinelands and glades o!

Long

Pine Key area of EN

P. E

ndemic to

South F

lorida. P

inelands F

2, h! 1 of low

er Florida K

eys, Dade C

o., and

Brow

ard Co.

4 W

idespread and comm

on in pinelands of Long

Rare in rem

nant pinelands of South

Pine K

ey, ENP.

Dade C

o. and lower F

lorida Keys.

Also present in the B

ahamas and

Greater A

ntilles.

5 N

o EN

P specimen in E

NP herbarium

, but E

ndemic to

South F

lorida. L

ocally reported from

Flam

ingo area. com

mon in F

lorida Keys.

? E

NP H

erbarium has specim

en from pim

lands E

ndemic to

South F

lorida pinelands. a

t East boundary of EN

P. N

ot seen recently R

are, if still present at all, in

in EN

P by authors.

remnant pinelands.

Dade C

o. only.

5 L

ocally comm

on in buttonwood zone of

Endem

ic to South F

lorida. P

resent in N

I - hlay be favored by S and SW

portion of EN

P. a few

of the upper Florida K

eys. p

eriod

~c hurr icancs

which create favorable

substrate.

Level of C

oncern .

Sml th

- sonian

Florida

This

Species (F

amily)

L~

st Com

mittee

Report

Habitat, S

tatus, and Location

Range and S

tatus Outside

Appropriate

in South Florida P

arks South FL

orida Parks

,Managem

ent Actions

Brickellia m

osieri (Small)

T

Shinners

( = Kuhnia eu atorioides

var. floridana --%

-- (cornpo-

1 N

ot presently known from

EN

P, but should E

ndemic to

South Florida. V

ery rare in H

abitat in remnant

be looked for in pinelands of Long Pine K

ey. tim

estom pinelands of

South Dade C

o. pinelands outside E

NP

requires preservation and prescribed burning.

LITERATURE CITED

Austin, D. 8. 1978. Exotic plants and their effects in southeastern Florida. Environmental Conservation 5(1):25- 34.

Avery, G. N. and L. L. Loope. 1979. Endemic plant taxa in the flora of South Florida. Manuscript in preparation.

Black, D. W. and S. Black. 1978. Report of investigations in Big Cypress National Preserve, May-July, 1978. Unpublished.

Craighead, F. C. 1963. Orchids and other air plants of the Everglades National . Park. Univ. of Miami Press, Coral Gables, Fla. 125 p.

Craighead, F. C. 1966. Removal of rare plants from Everglades National Park. Memorandum to Chief Ranger, Everglades N.P., Nov. 18, 1966. 4 p.

Craighead, F. C. and V. C. Giibert. 1962. The effects of Hurricane Donna on the vegetation of southern Florida. Quart. Jour. Fla. Acad. Sci. 21:l- 28.

Everglades National Park. 1978. Fire Management Plan.

Florida Committee on Rare and Endangered Plants and Animals. 1976. List of endangered and threatened plant species.

Houston, D. 0. 197 1. Ecosystems of National Parks. Science 172648-651,

Little, E. L. 1976. Rare tropical trees of South Florida. Conservation Research Report No. 20, USDA, Forest Service, Washington, D.C.

Little, E. L. 1978. Atlas of United States trees: Volume 5. Florida. USDA, Forest Service, Misc. Publ. No. 1361. 22 p., 268 maps.

Long, R. W. and 0. Lakela. 1971. A flora of tropical Florida. Univ. of Miami Press, Coral Cables, Fla. 962 p.

Loope, L.. L., D. W. Black, S. Black, and G. N. Avery. 1979. Distribution and abundance of flora in limestone rockland pine forests of southeastern Florida. U.S. National Park Service, South Florida Research Center. 37 p.

I Luer, C. A. 1972. The native orchids of Florida. New York Botanical Garden.

I Robertson, W. 8. 1953. A survey of the e f fec t s of fire in Everglades National Park. National Park Service, Mimeo. Rept. 169 p.

Robertson, W. 8. 1955. An analysis of the breeding-bird populations of tropical Florida in relation to the vegetation. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Illinois. 599 p.

38

Robertson, W. B. and 3. A. Kushlan. 1974. The southern Florida avifauna, p. 414-452. In Environments of South Florida: Present and Past, P. J. Gleason (ex.). Memoir 2, Miami Geol. Soc. 452 p.

Small, J, K. 1929. From Eden to Sahara: Florida's tragedy. Science Press, Lancaster, Pa. 123 p.

INDEX TO SPECIES

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Acacia pinetorum 22 Acoelorraphe wrightii 13 Acrostichum aureum 10 Adiantum melanoleucum 10 Adiantum tenerum 10 Aeschynomene pratensis var. pratensis 23 Ageratum lit torale 35 Alvaradoa amorphoides 23 Andro pogon cabanisii 12

9 . . Anemia wrightii Argythamnia blodgettii 26 Aristolochia pentandra 2 1 Asplenium platyneuron I1 Asplenium serratum 11 Aster concolor var. simulatus 35 Ateramnus lucidus 24 Borreria te r minalis 34 Bourreria cassinif olia 32 Brassia caudata 19 Brickellia mosieri 35 Bumelia reclinata 27 Burmannia flava 16 Calyptranthes pallens 26 Calyptranthes zuzygium 26 Canella winterana 30 Cassia deeringiana 22 Catopsis berteroniana 15 Catopsis flor ibunda 15 Catopsis nutans 15 Cereus gracilis var. simpsonii 30 Chamaesyce confer ta 25 Chamaesyce cumulicola 25

25 Chamaesyce gar ber i -

Chamaesyce pinetorum 25 Chamaesyce porteriana var. porteriana 25 Clematis baldwinii 2 1 Coccot hrinax argentata 14 Colubrina arborescens 29 Colubrina cubensis var. floridana 28 Colubrina elliptica 29 Cordia globosa 32 Cordia sebestena 3 2 Crossopetalum rhacoma 28

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Croton humilis 24 Cteni t i s sloanei I1 Cynanchum bahamense 3 1 Cyrtopodium punctatum 19 Desmodium lineatum 22 Digitaria pauciflora 12 Diospyros virginiana 30 Drypetes la ter i f lora 25 Dyschoriste oblongifolia var, angusta 34 Elytraria carcliniensis var. angusta 34 Encyclia boot lliana 18 Encyclia cochiea ta 17 Encyciia tampense 17 Epidendrum acunae . 18 Epidendrum ance ps 1 8 Epidendrum dif f orrne 18 Epidendrum nocturnum 18 Epidendrum rigidum 18 Eriochloa michauxii var, sinlpsonii 12 Ernodea l i t toralis var. angusta 34 Ernodea l i t toralis var. litroralis

! 34

Erythrodes querceticola 17 Eugenia confusa 27 Eupatorium frust- a tum 35 Exosterna caribaeclm 3 5 Fores t icra segregata var. pinctorum 3 1 . I., Galact ia pinetorum 23 Galeandra beyrictzii 19 Goniophlebium triser iale 10 Cossypium hirsutum 29 Covenia ut r icula ta ! 9 Guiacum sanctum 23 Guzrnania monos tachia 16 Habenaria quinqueseta var. quinqueseta Hibiscus grandiflor us

17 30

Hippomane rnancinella 24 . Hymenocallis lat ifolia 2 6

Hymenocallis palrrleri 16 Hypelate t r i fo l ia ta 28 Hyptis a l a t a var. stenophylla 3 3 Ilex krugiana 26 1n:perata brasiliensis 12 Indigofera ke!lensis 23 Ionopsis u t r i c ~ ~ a r ioides 20 ipomoea microdac t yla 3 1 Ipomoea teni;:.,sima 3 1 Jacquemont: .~ eurtissii 3 1 Jacquinia keyensis 27 Lantana depressa 32

.c

Leiphamos parasi t ica Licania michauxii Linum car te r i var. smallii Lomariopsis kunzeana Ludwigia spathulifolia Macradenia lutescens Mallotonia gnaphalodes Manilkara bahamensis Maxillar ia crassif olia Maytenus phyllanthoides Melanthera parvifolia Myrcianthes f ragrans var. simpsonii Nephrolepis biserrata Ocimum micranthum Oncidium al tissimum Oncidium c a r t hagenense Oncidium ensatum Okenia hypogaea Ophioglossum palmatum Passif lora sexflora Pavonia spicata Peperomia flor idana Peperomia obtusif olia Phyllanthus pentaphyllus var. floridanus Pinguicula pumila var. buswellii Platanthera nivea Pleurot hallis gelida Poinsettia pinetorum Polygala boykinii var. sparsifolia Polypodium heterophyllum Polypodium plumula Polyrhiza lindenii Polystachia concreta Prunus myrtifolia Pseudophoenix sargentii Psilotum nudum Reynosia septentrionalis Rhipsalis baccifera

, Rhynchosia cinerea Khynchosia swartzii Roystonea e l a t a Ruellia car~ l in iens i s vat. succulenta Sachsia polycephala Schaeff e r ia f rutescens Schizachyrium gracile Schizachyrium rhizomatum Schoepf i a chrysophylloides Seiaginella eatonii Sphenomeris c lavata

page 3 1 22 23 12 27 20 3 2 27 19 28 35 27 10 33 20 20 20 21 9

30 29 21 2 1 26 33 17 20 24 24 10 10 20 19 2 1 13 9

29 30 22 22 13 34 35 29 13 13 21 9

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Spiranthes costaricensis 16 Spiranthes polyantha 17 Stenandrium d u k e 33 Stillingia sylvafica ssp. tenuis 24 Stylasanthes calcicola 23

12 Tectar ia lobata Tephrosia florida 22 Thelypteris reptans I I Thelypteris reticulata 11 Thrinax morrissii 14 Thrinax radiata 14 Tillandsia balbisiana 15 Tillandsia circinnara 15 Tillandsia flexuosa 15 Tillandsia polystachia 15 -9-

Tillandsia pruinosa 14 Tillandsia utriculata 14 Tillandsia valenzuelana 14 Tournefortia hirsutissima 3 2 Tragia saxicola

i 26 9 Trichomanes holopterum

Tripsacurn floridanurn 13 Utricularia resupinata 33 Vallesia antillana 3 1 Vanilla barbella ta 16 Vanilla phaeantha 16 Verbena mar i t ima 33 Vitis shuttleworthii 29 Vittaria l ineata 9 Zamia pumila 12

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