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Report of the Workshop on the Use of BAT-Conclusions in the

Cement Production Industry (IMPEL Project 2018-01)

held in Eisenstadt, Austria, on 04-05 October 2018

Chronology of events

• Adoption of the TOR at the IMPEL GA Meeting in Tallinn, Estonia, on 06-07 December 2017

• Preparatory Meeting of the Workshop Project Team in Vienna, Austria, on 13-14 March 2018

• On-line Survey on IED Implementation in Cement Installations, June to September 2018

• Joint Inspection at Lafarge Cement Facility Mannersdorf, Austria, on 03 October 2018

• Workshop in Eisenstadt, Austria, on 04-05 October 2018 (back-to-back with DTRT Meeting and along with IED Implementation Meeting)

Background and Motivation

The Commission Implementing Decision of 26 March 2013 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions for the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide leads to intensive discussions between clinker and cement producers and the competent authorities in several European countries. So at the plenary meeting in December 2017 IMPEL supported the proposal from the Industry and Air Expert Team to organise a workshop to discuss various issues concerning cement installations.

This workshop was the first of its kind to focus on an industrial sector and held in the context of a joint inspection.

IMPEL Workshop on IED/BAT in the Cement Industry – Eisenstadt, Austria, October 2018 2

Preparatory Meeting of the Project Team

The project team consisted of Günter Dussing, Robert Gross, Angelika Brunner (Land Salzburg / AT), Gerhard Ederer (Lower Austria / AT), Armin Heidler (Ministry for Environment / AT), Jaana Leppänen (Tampere / FI), María Valero Gil (Galicia / ES), Ionel Preda (Arges / RO) and Paul Stevens (Lancashire / UK). The team developed a questionnaire to gather experience and knowledge from participants and non-participants of the workshop, and discussed the objectives of the workshop, in particular: sharing information on best practice examples for updating permits (procedures, preparation), new developments in cement and clinker production, emission monitoring and emission trends, use of waste (as a substitute for conventional fuels and as a secondary raw material) and environmental inspections.

Preparatory Meeting of the Joint Inspection Team

In the morning before the site visit, the inspection team (with members from AT, ES, RO, SK and UK, see the presentation sheet on page 5 of this report) discussed and fixed the topics of the inspection in view of limited time resources, using existing documents of the competent authority and the operator. The preparatory meeting was supported by Marnius Jordaan (NL), coordinator of the joint inspections carried out as part of the IED Implementation project.

Joint Inspection

The focus of the on-site inspection was on the use of waste (used as raw materials and secondary fuels, including quality control) and on air emissions (including relevant parameters, abatement techniques, levels and trends of emissions). Following the site visit, all important aspects and major findings were summarised in a presentation, given in the workshop (see the presentation sheets on page 5-21 of this report).

Terminology in cement installations

In order to ensure uniform usage of technical terms in workshop discussions, a compilation of terms and definitions was prepared, taking into account the BAT documents, the results of the IMPEL sub-project "Terms and Definitions" and the INSPIRE Directive (see the presentation sheets on page 22-25 of this report).

Use of Waste

As input for the workshop discussions, a presentation about development and state of waste input in Austrian cement plants was given, including the technical and legal framework conditions for the waste usage concept, its implementation, quality control and monitoring (see the presentation sheets on page 26-32 of this report). The corresponding technical guideline of the Austrian Federal Ministry (“Technische Grundlagen für den Einsatz von Abfällen als Ersatzrohstoffe in Anlagen zur Zementerzeugung”, with non-binding translation into English) is attached.


Results of the Survey

Finally, there had been 22 responses from 16 countries, though only nine complete responses. Half of those who responded dealt with inspections and half with permitting. Thirteen were at national, ten were at regional and two were at a local level. Of those who had responded, eight were not present at the meeting. Others were encouraged to give their responses in the workshop discussions of the interim results. The report attached (“Survey Results on Cement Installations including Discussion Results of the Cement Workshop in Eisenstadt, Austria, 04-05 October 2018”) summarises the information gathered from both the survey and the discussions.

Summary

The findings from the workshop can be summarised as follows:

• All the experts involved use the decisions on BAT conclusions as a basis for assessing existing and planned techniques and their performance data.

• In-depth discussions were held on the use of waste (as secondary raw material and waste fuel) and the necessary framework conditions therefor.

• The state of the art of air emission abatement techniques depends on the type, quality and amount of the waste input.

• For most cement plants, a baseline report is required because of the storage and use of mineral oils used as fuel or ammonia used as reducing agents in SCR / SNCR systems, or because highly alkaline water containing cement can drain into soil, groundwater or nearby surface water.

• In general, the IED installation covers the entire cement facility (plant, site) including the parts of installations for cement production (such as clinker mills and cement storage silos).

• The local circumstances of a production site are decisive in drawing the boundaries of the installation and determining emission limits.

Regarding the different legal and administrative systems in Europe, workshops of this kind serve the common understanding of experts and the gradual convergence of environmental performance levels.

To avoid different interpretations of the scope of the IED activities within and between Member States and to ensure a level playing field for the operators across the EU, it is considered necessary to improve the quality of the IED: Revision of Annex I IED and alignment of the scope of the BAT documents to clarify and define the scope of activities.

Salzburg, February 2019


Workshop Participants

Olympia Antoniou Greece Ivo Lemšs Latvia

Angelika Brunner Austria Jaana Leppänen Finland

Malgorzata Budzynska Poland Tony Liebregts The Netherlands

Horst Büther Germany Maria Jesus Mallada Spain

Cyril Burda Slovak Republic Jamie McGeachy United Kingdom

Eva Daňová Slovak Republic Martin O’Reilly Ireland

Elisabete Dias Ramos Portugal Deniss Pavlovs Latvia

Günter Dussing Austria Uzabela Tyrka Pettersson Sweden

Gerhard Ederer Austria Kara Pirkanniemi Finland

Maria Enrot Sweden Silva Prihodko Estonia

Simon Farrugia Malta Romano Ruggeri Italy

Robert Gross Austria John Seager UK (Consultant)

Csaba Hegedüš Slovak Republic Terence Shears UK (Consultant)

Armin Heidler Austria Paul Stevens United Kingdom

Florin Homorean Romania Enis Tela Albania

Preda Ionel Victor Romania Peter Valentovič Slovak Republic

Marinus Jordaan The Netherlands María Eulogia Valero Gil Spain

Helena Kamenickova Czech Republic Jaakko Matias Vesivalo Finland

Rob Kramers The Netherlands Boris Žbona Slovenia

Austrian Technical Guideline for the Use of Waste as Substitute (Secondary) Raw Materials Page 1

Original (BMLFUW, Wien, 18.12.2017) Translation – for your information only, not binding/approved

TECHNISCHE GRUNDLAGEN FÜR DEN EINSATZ VON ABFÄLLEN ALS ERSATZROHSTOFFE IN ANLAGEN ZUR ZEMENTERZEUGUNG

TECHNICAL GUIDELINE FOR THE USE OF WASTE AS SUBSTITUTE (SECONDARY) RAW MATERIALS IN CEMENT MANUFACTURING INSTALLATIONS

Gemäß § 3 Z 20 Abfallverbrennungsverordnung - AVV, BGBl. II Nr. 389/2002, idgF sind Ersatzrohstoffe Abfälle, die die Voraussetzungen einer stofflichen Verwertung gemäß § 2 Abs. 5 Z 2 AWG 2002 erfüllen.

Anmerkung: Abfälle, die verbrannt werden und damit den Vorgaben der AVV unterliegen, sind vom Geltungsbereich der vorliegenden technischen Grundlagen ausgenommen.

Gemäß § 2 Z 1 ZementV 2007, BGBl. II Nr. 60/2007, in der Fassung BGBl. II Nr. 38/2010, sind Anlagen zur Zementerzeugung solche Anlagen, in denen zumindest eine der folgenden der Zementerzeugung dienenden Tätigkeiten durchgeführt wird:

a) Transport, Zerkleinern und Trocknen des Rohmaterials, der Korrekturstoffe und des Brennmaterials,

b) Herstellung von Rohmehl,

c) Brennen von Zementklinker (Ofenanlage)

aa) in Drehrohröfen mit Rostvorwärmer (Lepolöfen),

bb) in Drehrohröfen mit Zyklonvorwärmer (mit oder ohne Abgasverwertung) oder

cc) in Schachtöfen,

d) Weiterverarbeitung wie Mahlen von in der Anlage erzeugtem oder von angeliefertem Zementklinker oder

e) Lagern und Fertigmachen des Zements zum Direktverkauf oder Versand.

According to § 3 No. 20 Waste Incineration Ordinance - AVV, Federal Law Gazette II No. 389/2002, in its current version substitute raw materials are waste that meets the requirements for recycling according to § 2 (5) No. 2 AWG 2002.

Note: Wastes that are incinerated and therefore subject to the requirements of the AVV, are exempt from the scope of the present

technical guidelines.

According to § 2 No. 1 Cement Ordinance 2007, Federal Law Gazette II No. 60/2007, in the version of Federal Law Gazette II No. 38/2010, plants for cement production are such installations in which at least one of the following cement production activities are carried out:

a) transport, crushing and drying of the raw material, the correction substances and the fuel,

b) production of raw meal,

c) burning cement clinker (kiln installation)

aa) in rotary kilns with grate preheater (Lepol kilns),

bb) in rotary kilns with cyclone preheater (with or without exhaust gas utilization) or

cc) in shaft furnaces,

d) further processing such as grinding of cement clinker produced in the installation or delivered or

e) storing and finishing the cement for direct sale or shipping.


1. ERSTUNTERSUCHUNG (1) Vor dem Einsatz von Ersatzrohstoffen in Anlagen zur Zementerzeugung ist jeder Ersatzrohstoff – getrennt nach Abfallart und Herkunft – einer Erstuntersuchung zu unterziehen. Die Erstuntersuchung ist an einer gemäß dem Stand der Technik repräsentativ beprobten Teilmenge (z. B. gemäß ÖNORM S 2127 „Grundlegende Charakterisierung von Abfallhaufen oder von festen Abfällen aus Behältnissen und Transportfahrzeugen“, ausgegeben am 1. November 2011) durchzuführen. Im Rahmen dieser Erstuntersuchung sind mindestens folgende Parameter zu untersuchen: Sb, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Hg, Tl, V, Zn, Sn, Chlor und TOC. Besteht auf Grund der Abfallart und Herkunft der Verdacht auf das Vorhandensein zusätzlicher relevanter Parameter (z.B. (hoch-)toxische organische Bestandteile wie z.B. PCDD/PCDF) ist der Untersuchungsumfang um diese Parameter zu erweitern.

Bei Verdacht auf das Vorhandensein relevanter leichtflüchtiger organischer Substanzen ist ein qualitatives Screening auf leichtflüchtige organische Verbindungen mittels Headspace- Gaschromatographie (GC-MS) durchzuführen. Flüchtige aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe und ausgewählte aliphatische Ether werden im Methanolextrakt der Festproben gemäß ÖNORM EN ISO 22155 „Bodenbeschaffenheit – Gaschromatographische Bestimmung flüchtiger aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe, Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe und ausgewählter Ether - Statisches Dampfraum-Verfahren“, ausgegeben am 15. Juni 2016, mittels Headspace-GC-MS im qualitativen (Scan-Modus) erfasst und durch Vergleich mit der geräteinternen Spektrenbibliothek identifiziert. Bei Bedarf wird die Quantifizierung der flüchtigen organischen Substanzen in den Methanolextrakten gemäß ÖNORM EN ISO 22155 durchgeführt.

Bei Verdacht auf das Vorhandensein relevanter mittelflüchtiger organischer Substanzen ist ein semiquantitatives Screening mittels Gaschromatographie mit Massenspektrometrie (GC-MS) nach Extraktion der Proben mittels organischem Lösungsmittel bei

1. INITIAL EXAMINATION

(1) Before substitute raw materials are used in cement production installations, each substitute raw material - according to the type of waste and its origin - has to undergo an initial examination. The initial examination has to be applied on a subset, which has been representatively sampled according to the BAT (e.g. according to ÖNORM S 2127 "Basic characterization of waste piles or solid waste from containers and transport vehicles ", issued on 1 November 2011). In the context of this initial examination, least the following parameters should be investigated: Sb, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Hg, Tl, V, Zn, Sn, chlorine and TOC. If - judging by the type and origin of the waste - the presence of additional relevant parameters (e.g. (highly) toxic organic components such as PCDD / PCDF) is suspected the scope of research shall be extended.

If the presence of relevant volatile organic substances is suspected, a qualitative screening for volatile organic compounds by means of headspace gas chromatography (GC-MS) shall be performed. Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and selected aliphatic ethers are analysed in the methanol extract of solid samples according to ÖNORM EN ISO 22155 "Soil quality - Gas chromatographic determination of volatile aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons and selected ethers - Static headspace method", issued on 15 June 2016, using Headspace GC-MS recorded in qualitative (scan mode) and by comparison with the device's internal spectrum library. If necessary, the quantification of the volatile organic substances in the methanol extracts shall be performed according to ÖNORM EN ISO 2215.

Upon suspicion of the presence of relevant medium volatile organic substances, a semi quantitative screening by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) extraction of the samples by means of organic solvents at different pH values shall be performed. The basis for this is provided by the EPA method 3550C (Ultrasonic



unterschiedlichen pH-Werten und Abgleich mit Datenbanken durchzuführen. Als Grundlage dafür dienen die Verfahren EPA Methode 3550C (Ultraschall-Extraktion), Methode 3640a (Gel-Permeation Cleanup), 3650B (Acid-Base Partition Cleanup) sowie Methode 8270 (GC-MS).

Extraction), Method 3640a (Gel Permeation Cleanup), 3650B (Acid-Base Partition Cleanup) and Method 8270 (GC-MS).

2. ORGANISCHE SCHADSTOFFE (2) Der Einsatz von Ersatzrohstoffen, die die in Anhang IV der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 850/2004 aufgelisteten Stoffe enthalten oder durch sie verunreinigt sind und die ebendort angeführten Konzentrationsgrenzen erreichen, ist verboten.

(3) Der Einsatz von Ersatzrohstoffen mit einem relevanten Gehalt an flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC) hat so zu erfolgen, dass die entstehenden Abgase kontrolliert, gleichmäßig und selbst unter den ungünstigsten Bedingungen für mindestens zwei Sekunden auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 850 °C erhitzt werden. Wenn gefährliche Abfälle mit einem Gehalt von mehr als einem Gewichtsprozent an halogenierten organischen Stoffen, berechnet als Chloride, als Ersatzrohstoffe eingesetzt werden, muss die Temperatur für mindestens zwei Sekunden auf 1.100 °C erhöht werden.

Die Relevanz des VOC-Gehalts ist auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Erstuntersuchung zu beurteilen, wobei durch den Einsatz eines spezifischen Ersatzrohstoffes im Vergleich zur genehmigten Rohmehlmischung (Rohstoffe und Ersatzrohstoffe, allerdings ohne den spezifischen Ersatzrohstoff) keine Erhöhung des Emissionsniveaus von relevanten organischen Schadstoffen stattfinden darf. Erforderlichenfalls ist gemäß Punkt 6 vorzugehen.

Der Gehalt an flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOC) kann auch mit einem Ausgasungsversuch, der die bei der Vorwärmung des Rohmehls ablaufenden Vorgänge simuliert, bestimmt werden. Für diesen Ausgasungsversuch sind eine qualifizierte Stichprobe heranzuziehen und eine Doppelbestimmung durchzuführen, wobei

2. ORGANIC POLLUTANTS

(2) The use of substitute raw materials which contain or are contaminated by the substances listed in Annex IV to Regulation (EU) No. 850/2004 and which reach the concentration limits specified therein shall be prohibited.

(3) The use of substitute raw materials with a relevant content of volatile organic compounds (VOC) shall be such that the resulting exhaust gases are controlled, uniformly and even under the conditions specified be heated to a temperature of at least 850 °C for at least two seconds. When hazardous wastes containing more than one percent by weight of halogenated organic substances, calculated as chlorides, are used as substitute raw materials, the temperature must be increased to 1,100 °C for at least two seconds.

The relevance of the VOC content shall be assessed based on the results of the initial investigation, whereby the use of a specific substitute raw material in relation to the authorized raw meal mixture (raw materials and substitute raw materials, but excluding the specific substitute raw material) shall not increase the emission level of relevant organic pollutants. If necessary, proceed according to item 6.

The content of volatile organic compounds (VOC) can also be determined by means of an outgassing test, which simulates the processes occurring during the preheating of the raw meal. For this outgassing test, a qualified sample must be used and a duplicate determination carried out according to the work instruction for the execution of outgassing tests (Umweltbundesamt, 2017). The results



gemäß der Arbeitsanweisung zur Durchführung von Ausgasungsversuchen (Umweltbundesamt, 2017)4 vorzugehen ist. Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise auf den geeigneten Aufgabeort des Ersatzrohstoffes und die spezifische Emission im Abgas (in mg VOC/Nm³).

(4) Der Einsatz von Ersatzrohstoffen, die auf Grund der Art oder Herkunft einen relevanten Gehalt der in Anhang IV der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 850/2004 aufgelisteten Stoffe aufweisen, hat so zu erfolgen, dass die entstehenden Abgase kontrolliert, gleichmäßig und selbst unter den ungünstigsten Bedingungen für mindestens zwei Sekunden auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 1.100 °C erhitzt werden. Die Relevanz des Gehalts der in Anhang IV der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 850/2004 aufgelisteten Stoffe ist auf Grund von Untersuchungsergebnissen (insbesondere der Ergebnisse der Erstuntersuchung gemäß Punkt 1) zu beurteilen. Erforderlichenfalls ist gemäß Punkt 6 vorzugehen.

Anmerkung: Darunter sind Ersatzrohstoffe zu verstehen, deren Kontamination mit in Anhang IV der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 850/2004 aufgelisteten Stoffen (POP) auf Verunreinigungen, aber nicht auf die ubiquitäre Verteilung von POP (Hintergrundbelastung) zurückzuführen ist.

(5) Bei Einhaltung des Grenzwertes für den Tagesmittelwert für die Emissionen von gas- und dampfförmigen organischen Stoffen in die Luft gemäß Anlage 1 zur AVV ist eine Abweichung von den Vorgaben gemäß Punkt 3 und 4 zulässig. Erforderlichenfalls ist gemäß Punkt 6 vorzugehen.

(6) Auf Grund der Ergebnisse eines Probe- oder Versuchsbetriebs oder von Forschungstätigkeiten, Entwicklungsmaßnahmen oder Zukunftstechniken ist eine Abweichung von den Vorgaben gemäß Punkt 3 und 4 zulässig, sofern durch den Einsatz eines spezifischen Ersatzrohstoffes im Vergleich zur genehmigten Rohmehlmischung (Rohstoffe und Ersatzrohstoffe, allerdings ohne den spezifischen

give indications of the suitable place of replacement of the substitute raw material and the specific emission in the exhaust gas (in mg/m³ VOC under standard conditions).

(4) The use of substitute raw materials which, by reason of their nature or origin, have a relevant content of the substances listed in Annex IV to Regulation (EU) No. 850/2004 shall be such that the resulting waste gases are controlled, uniform and - even under the least favourable conditions - are heated for a minimum of two seconds to a temperature of at least 1,100 °C. The relevance of the content of the substances listed in Annex IV to Regulation (EU) No. 850/2004 is to be determined on the basis of the results of the investigation (in particular the results of the initial investigation referred to in item 1). If necessary, proceed according to item 6.

Note: This refers to substitute raw materials whose contamination

with substances listed in Annex IV of Regulation (EU) No. 850/2004 is due to impurities but not to the ubiquitous distribution of POP

(background pollution).

(5) If the limit value for the daily average for the emissions of gaseous and vaporous organic substances into the air is not exceeded in accordance with Annex 1 of the AVV, a deviation from the requirements according to items 3 and 4 is permissible. If necessary, proceed according to item 6.

(6) Based on the results of a trial or trial operation or research activities or development measures or future techniques, a deviation from the requirements of items 3 and 4 is permissible, provided that the use of a specific substitute raw material compared to the approved raw meal mixture (raw materials and substitute raw materials, but without the specific Substitute raw material) does not cause an increase in the emission level of relevant organic pollutants. During the trial or trial operation or the Research activities, development measures or future technologies, the relevant organic



Ersatzrohstoff) keine Erhöhung des Emissionsniveaus von relevanten organischen Schadstoffen stattfindet. Für diesen Nachweis sind im Rahmen des Probe- oder Versuchsbetriebs oder der Forschungstätigkeiten, Entwicklungsmaßnahmen oder Zukunftstechniken die relevanten organischen Schadstoffe unter den für die Luftreinhaltung voraussichtlich ungünstigsten Betriebsbedingungen und unter schrittweiser Erhöhung der Einsatzmenge des spezifischen Ersatzrohstoffes bis zur geplanten maximalen Menge im Abgas zu messen. Eine Abweichung ist beispielsweise bei Vorliegen und kontinuierlichem Betrieb einer Abgasreinigungsanlage (z. B. einer thermischen Abgasreinigungsanlage), die geeignet ist, die Emissionen von organischen Schadstoffen in die Luft zu verringern, zulässig.

(7) Der genaue Einsatzort jedes Ersatzrohstoffes und die einzuhaltende Temperatur sind festzulegen.

(8) Die Einhaltung der mindestens erforderlichen Temperatur gemäß den Punkten 3 und 4 ist einmalig durch eine Netzmessung und danach kontinuierlich an einer repräsentativen Stelle des Brennraums

nachzuweisen.

(9) Die Verweilzeit ergibt sich als Quotient aus dem Volumen des Reaktionsraums und dem Betriebsvolumenstrom im Reaktionsraum.

pollutants shall be monitored in the exhaust gas under the most unfavourable operating conditions for air pollution control and while incremental increase in the amount of the specific substitute raw material up to the planned maximum amount. A deviation is allowed, for example, in the presence and continuous operation of an exhaust gas purification system (e.g., a thermal emission control system), which is suitable to reduce emissions of organic pollutants into the air.

(7) The exact place of use of each substitute raw material and the temperature to be maintained shall be specified.

3. ANORGANISCHE SCHADSTOFFE

(10) Vor dem Einsatz von Ersatzrohstoffen in Anlagen zur Zementerzeugung sind die Auswirkungen auf die Emissionen in die Luft und auf die Zusammensetzung jeder hergestellten Normalzementart gemäß ÖNORM EN 197-1 „Zement – Teil 1: Zusammensetzung, Anforderungen und Konformitätskriterien von Normalzement“, ausgegeben am 15. Oktober 2011, mit Hilfe einer Stoffstromanalyse für jede spezifische Anlage zur Zementerzeugung darzustellen. Anmerkung: Diese Stoffstromanalyse ist u.a. mit den Ergebnissen der Erstuntersuchung gemäß Punkt 1

3. INORGANIC POLLUTANTS

(10) Before any use of substitute raw materials in cement production installations, the effects on the emissions into the air and to the composition of any common cement type produced in accordance with ÖNORM EN 197-1 "Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements", issued on 15 October 2011, has to be shown using a mass flow analysis for each specific installation for cement production.

Note: This material flow analysis shall be done inter alia with the

results of the initial examination according to item 1 assuming



unter Annahme realistischer Einsatzbedingungen durchzuführen. Liefert die Stoffstromanalyse als Ergebnis eine Überschreitung der Grenzwerte für die Emissionen in die Luft oder der Vorsorge-Richtwerte im Zement gemäß Punkt 20, ist der Einsatz des Ersatzrohstoffes nicht zulässig.

(11) Ersatzrohstoffe, die in Anlagen zur Herstellung von Zementklinker eingesetzt werden, haben folgende Grenzwerte ab 1. Juli 2018 einzuhalten:

Parameter Schadstoffgehalt in mg/kg TM

Sb 30

As 301

Pb 500

Cd 5

Cr 500

Co 250

Ni 500

Hg 0,72

Tl 3 1) Für geogen bedingte Gehalte gilt ein Grenzwert in der Höhe von 200 mg/kg TM. 2) Die im Rahmen der Erstuntersuchung gemäß Punkt 1 hergestellte Probe hat den Grenzwert in der Höhe von 0,7 mg/kg TM einzuhalten. Für die laufende Qualitätssicherung gelten die Vorgaben gemäß Punkt 14.

Auf Grund der Art und Herkunft eines Ersatzrohstoffes kann es im Einzelfall – beispielsweise bei Verdacht auf eine Kontamination – erforderlich sein, weitere Parameter zu untersuchen und zu begrenzen. Die Einhaltung der Grenzwerte ist im Rahmen der Erstuntersuchung gemäß Punkt 1 nachzuweisen. In Abhängigkeit von der Heterogenität des Ersatzrohstoffes bzw. bei Änderungen des Herstellungsprozesses, aus

realistic conditions of use. If the mass flow analysis shows that the

limit values for the emissions into the air or the precautionary

values in cement according to item 20 could be exceeded, the use of

substitute raw material is not permitted.

(11) Replacement raw materials used in cement clinker installations have to comply with the following limit values from 1 July 2018 on:

Parameter Pollutant content in mg/kg DM

Sb 30

As 301

Pb 500

Cd 5

Cr 500

Co 250

Ni 500

Hg 0.72

Tl 3

1. For geogenic contents a limit value of 200 mg/kg DM applies. 2. The sample produced during the initial examination according to

item 1 has the limit in the level of 0.7 mg/kg DM. For ongoing quality assurance, the specifications according to item 14.

Due to the nature and origin of a substitute raw material, in individual cases - for example suspicion of contamination - it may be necessary to investigate and limit additional parameters. Compliance with the limit values is part of the initial investigation in accordance with item 1. Depending on the heterogeneity of the substitute raw



dem der Ersatzrohstoff stammt, können zusätzliche Untersuchungen erforderlich sein.

(12) Kohlenasche, Holzasche sowie Flugaschen und -stäube aus Mitverbrennungsanlagen sind von den Vorgaben gemäß Punkt 11 ausgenommen.

(13) Eine Abweichung von den Vorgaben gemäß Punkt 11 ist für einen Ersatzrohstoff zulässig, sofern die Ergebnisse der Stoffstromanalyse gemäß Punkt 10 belegen, dass die Vorsorge-Richtwerte für den Zement gemäß Punkt 20 im voraussichtlich ungünstigsten Fall nicht überschritten werden und die Gesamtmenge der Ersatzrohstoffe, die eine Ausnahme gemäß diesem Punkt beanspruchen, maximal 10 M.-% der Rohmehlmenge ausmacht.

(14) Ersatzrohstoffe, die in Anlagen zur Herstellung von Zementklinker eingesetzt werden, haben ab 1. Juli 2018 für Quecksilber den Grenzwert für den Median in der Höhe von 0,7 mg/kg TM und den Grenzwert für das 80-er Perzentil in der Höhe von 1,4 mg/kg TM einzuhalten. Alle gemäß Punkt 17 hergestellten qualifizierten Stichproben sind auf den Parameter Quecksilber zu untersuchen. Die Einhaltung der Grenzwerte hat gemäß den Vorgaben der Anlage 8 Kapitel 1.7 zur AVV zu erfolgen. Anmerkung: Diese Vorgaben gelten für die laufende Qualitätssicherung und nicht für die

Erstuntersuchung (siehe Fußnote 2 zur Tabelle in Punkt 11).

(15) Wenn auf Grund der Abfallart und Herkunft des Ersatzrohstoffes sowie der Ergebnisse der Erstuntersuchung der Quecksilber-Gehalt gesichert weniger als 0,35 mg/kg TM beträgt, sind keine Untersuchungen gemäß Punkt 14 erforderlich.

(16) Werden Quecksilber und seine Verbindungen im Abgas durch eine Abgasbehandlungsanlage verringert, ist eine Abweichung von den Vorgaben gemäß Punkt 11 (hinsichtlich Quecksilber) und Punkt 14 zulässig, sofern im Vergleich zur Einhaltung der Vorgaben gemäß Punkt 11 (hinsichtlich Quecksilber) und Punkt 14 keine höheren Emissionen entstehen.

material or changes in the manufacturing process, from which the substitute raw material originates, may require additional testing.

(12) Coal ash, wood ash and fly ash and fly ash from co-incineration plants shall be exempted from the requirements of item 11.

(13) A derogation from the requirements under item 11 is permitted for a substitute raw material, provided that the results of the mass flow analysis according to item 10 proves that the precautionary values for the cement under item 20 are not exceeded in the worst case scenario and that the total quantity of substitute raw materials which claim an exemption under this item does not exceed 10 % by mass of the total quantity of raw meal.

(14) Substitute raw materials used in cement clinker installations will be subject to the limit values for mercury as a median of 0.7 mg/kg DM and as a 80th percentile of 1.4 mg/kg DM as of 1 July 2018 on. All qualified samples produced in accordance with item 17 shall be tested. The compliance with the limit values must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Annex 8 No. 1.7 of the AVV.

Note: These specifications apply to ongoing quality assurance and

not to the initial examination (see footnote 2 to table in item 11).

(15) If, due to the nature of the waste and the source of the substitute raw material, as well as the results of the initial examination of the mercury content assured less than 0.35 mg/kg DM, no studies according to item 14 are required.

(16) If mercury and its compounds in exhaust gas are reduced by an exhaust gas treatment equipment, a deviation from the requirements set out in item 11 (with regard to mercury) and item 14 is allowed, if no higher emissions arise in comparison to the compliance with item 11 (with regard to mercury) and item 14.

(17) Substitute raw materials used in installations for the production of cement clinker shall be sampled – separately according to the type and origin of the waste – according to ÖNORM S 2127. The maximum



(17) Ersatzrohstoffe, die in Anlagen zur Herstellung von Zementklinker eingesetzt werden, sind – getrennt nach Abfallart und Herkunft – gemäß ÖNORM S 2127 zu beproben. Der maximale Beurteilungsmaßstab beträgt 500 t, wobei mindestens eine qualifizierte Stichprobe pro Kalenderjahr herzustellen ist. Alternativ kann bei Abfallströmen gemäß Anhang 4 Teil 2 Kapitel 3 zur DVO 2008 vorgegangen werden.

(18) Von allen qualifizierten Stichproben gemäß Punkt 17 sind Rückstellproben herzustellen und mindestens sechs Monate aufzubewahren. Die Erfordernisse für die Mindestprobenmenge sind dabei zu beachten.

(19) Die im Rahmen der Erstuntersuchung gemäß Punkt 1 beprobte und untersuchte Teilmenge kann für die Verpflichtungen gemäß Punkt 14 und Punkt 17 verwendet werden.

(20) Um im Sinne eines vorsorgenden Umweltschutzes eine Erhöhung der Umweltbelastung und des Umweltrisikos durch den Einsatz von Ersatzrohstoffen zu vermeiden, sollten die folgenden Vorsorge-Richtwerte im Zement nicht überschritten werden:

Parameter Vorsorge-Richtwerte in mg/kg TM

Sb 15

As 15

Pb 200

Cd 4

Cr 300

Co 50

Ni 200

Hg 0,5

Tl 2

assessment scale is 500 t, with at least one qualified sample per calendar year. Alternatively, waste streams as defined in Annex 4 Part 2 No. 3 of the Landfill Ordinance of 2008 can be addressed.

(18) All qualified samples according to item 17 shall be subject to test samples and kept for at least six months. The requirements for the minimum sample quantity must be fulfilled.

(19) The subset sampled and examined during the initial investigation referred to in item 1 may be used for the obligations set out in items 14 and 17.

(20) In order to avoid an increase in environmental impact and environmental risk through the use of substitute raw materials in the interests of preventive environmental protection, the following precautionary values in cement should not be exceeded:

Parameter Precautionary values in mg/kg DM

Sb 15

As 15

Pb 200

Cd 4

Cr 300

Co 50

Ni 200

Hg 0,5

Tl 2

(21) For each type of cement, a sample taken during the internal surveillance test to assess the conformity of the cement types in



(21) Pro Zementart ist pro Monat eine Probe, die im Rahmen der internen Überwachungsprüfung zur Beurteilung der Konformität der Zementarten gemäß ÖNORM EN 197-1 gezogen wurde, auf die Parameter gemäß Punkt 20 zu untersuchen. Liegen die Ergebnisse für einen oder mehrere Parameter im Bereich ≤ 80 % der Vorsorge-Richtwerte gemäß Punkt 20, so ist ab dem zweiten Jahr die Untersuchung einer Mischprobe, welche aus den im Rahmen der internen Überwachungsprüfung zur Beurteilung der Konformität der Zementarten gemäß ÖNORM EN 197-1 gezogenen Proben hergestellt wurde, auf diese Parameter pro Zementart und pro Quartal ausreichend.

Bei nicht fortlaufend versandten Zementarten ist eine Mischprobe pro Quartal zu untersuchen.

Eine Überschreitung der Vorsorge-Richtwerte gemäß Punkt 20 ist der Behörde unverzüglich mitzuteilen, und in jeder Woche des betroffenen Untersuchungszeitraums ist eine Mischprobe, welche aus den im Rahmen der internen Überwachungsprüfung zur Beurteilung der Konformität der Zementarten gemäß ÖNORM EN 197-1 gezogenen Proben hergestellt wurde, auf jene Parameter zu untersuchen, bei denen eine Überschreitung festgestellt wurde. Der Anlageninhaber hat die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen sowie eine Darstellung der getroffenen und noch zu treffenden Maßnahmen zur Wiederherstellung eines konsensmäßigen Betriebs der zuständigen Behörde zu übermitteln. Dazu kann es erforderlich sein, die aus den Ersatzrohstoffen gemäß Punkt 18 hergestellten Rückstellproben aus dem betroffenen Zeitraum auf jene Parameter zu untersuchen, bei denen eine Überschreitung der Vorsorge-Richtwerte festgestellt wurde.

(22) Die Bestimmungsverfahren gemäß Anlage 8 Kapitel 2.10 und 2.11 zur AVV sind anzuwenden. Der Parameter Tl ist im Zement ausschließlich im Rahmen der Fremdüberwachungsprüfung gemäß Punkt 26 zu untersuchen.

(23) Über die Untersuchungen gemäß Punkt 1 und Punkt 14 ist ein Beurteilungsnachweis zu erstellen, wobei aus Gründen der Zweckmäßigkeit auf die Inhalte gemäß Anlage 8 Kapitel 2.12 zur AVV zurückgegriffen werden sollte.

accordance with ÖNORM EN 197-1 shall be tested for the parameters referred to in item 20. If the results for one or more parameters are in the range of ≤ 80 % of the precautionary values in accordance with item 20, during the second year the examination of a mixed sample consisting of samples within the framework of the internal monitoring test to assess the conformity of the cement types in accordance with ÖNORM EN 197 -1 is sufficient on these parameters per cement type and per quarter of the year.

For non-continuously dispatched types of cement, a mixed sample should be examined every quarter of a year.

When precautionary values referred to in item 20 are exceeded, this shall be notified to the authority without delay and, in each week of the investigation period concerned, a mixed sample consisting of those used in the internal surveillance test prepared to assess the conformity of cement species according to ÖNORM EN 197-1 shall be used to examine those parameters in which an exceedance was detected. The operator of the installation shall forward to the competent authority the results of the investigation and a description of the measures taken and still to be taken to restore compliance of the operation. Additionally it could be necessary to examine the reference samples of the substitute raw materials during the production period concerned referred to in item 18 for those parameters which exceed the limit value of the precautionary values.

(22) The determination procedures according to Annex 8 No. 2.10 and 2.11 of the AVV are to be applied. The parameter Tl in the cement has only to be tested in the external monitoring test according to item 26.

(23) An assessment report should be prepared on the investigations referred to in items 1 and 14 and, for reasons of expediency, the content should be used in accordance with Annex 8 No. 2.12 of the AVV.



(24) In Anlagen zur Herstellung von Zementklinker sind die Quecksilber-Emissionen in die Luft kontinuierlich zu messen.

(25) Im Rahmen der Zementherstellung ist neben anorganischen mineralischen Stoffen, die aus der Klinkerherstellung stammen, und sonstigen primären Zumahlstoffen der Einsatz von Ersatzrohstoffen zulässig, die in Kapitel 5 der ÖNORM EN 197-1 angeführt sind. Das sind Hochofenschlacke, Flugaschen5, Calciumsulfat6 und Zusätze7.

(24) In installations for the production of cement clinker, mercury emissions into the air are to be measured continuously.

(25) In addition to inorganic mineral substances originating from clinker production and other primary additives, the use of substitute raw materials which are listed in Chapter 5 of ÖNORM EN 197-1 is allowed in the production of cement. These are blast furnace slag, fly ash, calcium sulphate and additives.

4. EXTERNE ÜBERWACHUNG

(26) Im Rahmen der Fremdüberwachungsprüfung gemäß ÖNORM EN 197-1 ist jährlich eine der pro Zementart entnommenen Proben zusätzlich auf die Parameter gemäß Punkt 20 zu untersuchen. Vom Inhaber der Anlage zur Zementerzeugung ist eine Überschreitung der Vorsorge-Richtwerte gemäß Punkt 20 der Behörde unverzüglich mitzuteilen und eine Darstellung der getroffenen und noch zu treffenden Maßnahmen zur Wiederherstellung eines konsensmäßigen Betriebs der zuständigen Behörde zu übermitteln.

(27) Im Rahmen der Prüfung gemäß § 15 AVV ist durch eine externe befugte Fachperson oder Fachanstalt die Einhaltung der Vorgaben hinsichtlich des Einsatzes von Ersatzrohstoffen zu kontrollieren. Über jede Prüfung ist ein Bericht zu erstellen, aus dem insbesondere der Umfang und der Inhalt der Prüfung hervorgehen. Dieser Bericht ist vom Anlageninhaber mindestens sieben Jahre aufzubewahren und auf Verlangen der Behörde vorzulegen. Werden im Rahmen der Prüfung Mängel oder Abweichungen vom konsensgemäßen Zustand festgestellt, hat der Bericht entsprechende Vorschläge samt angemessenen Fristen für die Behebung der Mängel oder für die Beseitigung der Abweichungen zu enthalten. Der Anlageninhaber hat in diesem Fall unverzüglich eine Ausfertigung dieses Berichts sowie eine diesbezügliche Darstellung der getroffenen und zu treffenden Maßnahmen der zuständigen Behörde zu übermitteln.

4. EXTERNAL MONITORING

(26) Within the framework of the third-party surveillance test in accordance with ÖNORM EN 197-1, one of the samples taken per type of cement must also be examined annually for the parameters according to item 20. The operator of the cement production facility must notify the authority immediately of any exceedance of the precautionary values referred to in item 20 and a description of the measures taken and still to be taken to restore consensus-based operation to the competent authority.

(27) Within the scope of the examination in accordance with § 15 AVV, the observance of the requirements regarding the use of substitute raw materials must be checked by a third-party authorized specialist or specialist institution. Each audit must be accompanied by a report, covering in particular the scope and content of the audit. This report must be kept by the operator for at least seven years and be submitted to the authority upon request. If deficiencies or non-compliances are detected during the audit, the report has to include appropriate proposals and time limits for remedying the deficiencies or eliminating the non-compliances. In this case, the operator of the installation must immediately issue a copy of this report as well as a report on the measures taken and to be taken to the competent authority

Cement Industry - IED Implementation

Welcome to this questionnaire!

Survey Results on Cement Installations

including Discussion Results of the

Cement Workshop in Eisenstadt, Austria,

04-05 October 2018

Robert Gross, 13.11.2018

Survey Results on Cement Installations Page 2

1. Background of the respondents

Q1 Respondents contact details

• 22 responses from 16 countries

• 9 complete responses

Q2 Your field of work

Answer Choices Survey Responses

Permitting 15

Inspecting 17

Other (please specify) 3

Answered 25

Other:

• Policy, legislation and technical support

• Appeal body, BAT Center

• Expert

Q3 Your geographical coverage


National 14

Regional 10

Local 2

Answered 25


2. Definition and boundaries of a cement production installation

Q4 If there is a mining activity (quarry) nearby, is it included into the IED

installation? If not, where is the boundary between mining and cement

production installations? If applicable, please upload a map.

Answer Choices Survey Responses Workshop Discussion

Yes 7 2

No 6 8

Not applicable 2 0

Answered 15 10

Comments:

• In Latvia we have only 1 cement plant under IED, that called "CEMEX". Interactive process animation on company WEB page (in latvian):

http://www.cemex.lv/razosanas-process.aspx

Quarry is located 22 km away from plant and not included in permit. They have specific

mining permit for this activity.

• the IED installation includes the transfer of the mining materials from the quarry

• There needs to be a direct technical link between the quarry and the clinker manufacturing for it to be included in the permit. For example - if all of the limestone from

the quarry goes to make clinker the permit site boundary would include the quarry but

the installation boundary could be only for the clinker manufacture. Both boundaries are

included in the permit.

• There is a mining activity nearby (about 2 km); is not included in the IED installation; limestone transport is done with a conveyor belt not included in the IED installation.

• There are different permits

• If there is a clear technical connection between the activity and the quarry.

• according to German regulations the quarry should be included if the is a spatial and operational context (could be unclear in many cases!)

Q5 If there is a landfill for production waste on-site or nearby, is it included into the

IED installation?


Yes 3

No 6

Not applicable 5

Answered 14


Comments:

• Waste landfills are only included in the permit if there is a direct technical link. For example if the waste is removed from the installation by truck onto the public road then

the technical link would be broken - even if the landfill was close to the installation.

• Landfill for waste (code 10 13 12*)

• In UK it is possible to include the waste landfill in the permit. There are technical rules to follow. Most installations have a separate

• from a technical viewpoint, yes. no known examples.

Q6 Is the access road to the site included in the IED installation? Where is the

boundary of the IED installation in this respect?

If applicable, please upload a map.


Yes 4

No 4

Not applicable 6

Answered 14

Comments:

• Roads not included in the IED permit.

• A site and installation boundary are defined in the permits with different coloured lines. Where activities linked to the installation such as a transport road for raw materials it is

included from the point it leave the public highway.

• Discussion result: Duty to clean the access road regardless of street ownership


Q7 Which material storage units, e.g. for raw materials, fuels, intermediate

products, final products and waste produced (e.g. by-pass dust) are included in

the IED installation?


Tanks 11

Silos 13

Stockpiles 10

Day bins 7

Winter deposits 5


All storage units for raw materials and

products X

Answered 15

Other:

• storage building

• All. Storage of any materials used in the process is included within the permit. The only time this is different is where another operator, on the same site, is in charge of the

material. In this case we would have linked permits.

• All material storage units existing on-site are included in the IED installation

Q8 Is the equipment for packaging and dispatch of the products included in the IED

installation?


Yes 10

No 3

Not applicable 0

Answered 13

Comments:

• Cement placed in railway carriage or trucks.

• UK legislation includes "Part A2 and Part B" processes that are to be included within the IED (EPR) permit. this includes: A(2)(a) grinding cement clinker, Part B(a) storing and

loading cement or clinker, (b) Blending and bagging cement.

• Activities carried out on site are


• According to German regulations only the auxiliary parts are only included if they are responsible for harmful environmental impacts

• Discussion result: the equipment should be included

Q9 Is an on-site quality control lab (for input materials and products) included in



Yes 7

No 4

Not applicable 3

Answered 14

Comments:

• Quality control lab is considered a fundamental part of the clinker manufacturing process. If done off-site it is not included in the permit as the technical link is broken


• In Estonia there is no QM-Lab (included), because the installation for clinker production doesn't include a cement production.

Q10 Is an on-site maintenance workshop for mobile machinery included in the IED

installation?


Yes 6

No 6

Not applicable 1

Answered 13

Comments:

• On-site maintenance is considered a fundamental part of the clinker manufacturing process. If done off-site it is not included in the permit as the technical link is broken.


• Latvia: yes for wastewater from the vehicle cleaning


Q11 If there is a direct discharge of process water, cooling water (used e.g. for the

rotary kiln drive) or surface water to a river or into ground water, is this point of

discharge included in the IED Installation? If no, please explain the reason.


Yes 11

No 1

Not applicable 2

Answered 14

Comments.

• Consolidation of regulation under IED means a single permit is issued to an installation that integrates relevant activities. Where process water is discharged a discharge consent

is incorporated with conditions into the permit.

• Discussion result: direct discharges should be included, also direct discharges to the sea

Q12 Is an on-site fueling station (also) for non-road mobile machinery included in



Yes 7 Majority

No 6 Minority

Not applicable 0

Answered 13

Comments:

• As the activity is technically linked it is included within the permit.

• could be harmful to the groundwater


Q13 If there are production units for cement and lime on one site, are they seen as a

single installation (covering several IED activities)?


Yes 3

No 6

Not applicable 4

Answered 13

Comments:

• We can have a single permit with multiple activities undertaken. One installation in the UK has two cement kilns and 5 Lime kilns. Each activity under IED and EPR regulations are

clearly defined in the permit.

• The locations of the lime and cement plants are neighbors; the production units are operated by different operators; authorizations are individual per unit

• Cement production only

Discussion topics:

• possibility of separate operation as a criterion

• comparison to a refinery with 17 IED installations

• former separate permits merged into one permit to comply with European legislation

Q14 Is a concrete plant (producing ready-mix concrete or concrete parts) at the

same site included in the IED Installation?


Yes 2

No 6

Not applicable 5

Answered 13

Comments:

• Cement only

• England does not have any Cement installations producing concrete. However, in theory there is no reason why an operator could not start one and have it included within the

single IED permit.

• Discussion results: obviously a theoretical question


Q15 Are there other facilities at the same site (e.g. an electricity plant) included in



Yes 1

No 7

Not applicable 2

Answered 10

Other:

• This is an option. Examples include CCGT for electricity production and Solar plant.

• There are thermal boilers for space heating and technological steam with methane gas; these are included in the IED installation

• Discussion results: obviously a theoretical question

Q16 If possible, please upload a map of a typical site.

Figure 1: Cauldon Cement Plant, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. Site boundaries marked in red.


Figure 2: Bunlicky, Co. Limerick, Ireland. Site boundary marked in blue (above), Google Map (below).


Figure 3: Cemex Cement Plant, Brocēni, Latvia

3. Permitting of existing installations and reconsideration and updating of permit conditions

Q17 When reconsidering and updating permit conditions, how do you (or does the

competent authority) get the information on BAT 1 to 29 (General BAT

conclusions and BAT conclusions for the cement industry)?


Offer a mandatory template for the

operator’s report (or application) to

streamline the information 2

Ask for a report (or application) by the

operator 8


Answered 14

Other:

• Operators are required (by legal notice) to describe how they will meet the requirements of the BATC by the implementation date. The EA will then vary the permit on the basis of

the response.


• Ask a report to the operator; the report is drafted by units approved by the Ministry of Environment

• legal requirement, no form prerequisit

• there is an information provided by the ministry

Q18 When reconsidering and updating permit conditions, which of the BAT 1 to 29

causes problems or leads to derogations (according to Art. 15 (4) IED)? Please

comment.

BAT Responses Regarding Problems or Derogations

1 ―

2 Noise - some site specific upgrades needed.

3 ―

4 ―

5 Monitoring - some site specific upgrades needed (mainly dust)

6 ―

7 ―

8 Deadline 31.12.2020

9 ―

10 ―

11 Waste quality - No major issues. Some debate on frequency of sampling but

agreed by use of control charts

12 ―

13 ―

14 Diffuse dust - No major issues - industry standards generally applied. Some site

specific issues needed addressing

Deadline 31.12.2020

15 Stockpile dust - No major issues - industry standards generally applied. Some site

specific issues needed addressing

16 Channelled dust (non-kiln). Significant work needed to define less than 10,000

Nm³ flows and testing programmes and monitoring arrangements needed for

larger flows. Risk based approach taken. Larger the flow (and risk) more

monitoring required.


BAT Responses Regarding Problems or Derogations

17 Dust (kilns). Significant problems with a number of derogations. EA applied ELV of


Q19 Does the installation have a standardised Environmental Management System

(EMS) like ISO 14001 or EMAS?


Yes 11

No 3

Answered 14

Comments:

• They have ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 50001:2011

• Discussion results: generally ISO 14001 is applied; in Ireland also audit reports and measures are accepted

Q20 How do you (or does the competent authority) update the permit?

Answer Yes No Answered

Is there a fixed procedure by legal

requirements? 10 4 14

Or is there a fixed procedure by an

internal instruction of the authority? 0 5 5

Is a public consultation necessary? 6 5 11

Comments:

• Permitting procedure in Latvia: Republic of Latvia Cabinet, Regulation No. 1082 Adopted 30 November 201; Procedure by Which Polluting Activities of Category A, B and C Shall Be

Declared and Permits for the Performance of Category A and B Polluting Activities Shall Be

Issued (https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/222147-procedure-by-which-polluting-activities-of-

category-a-b-and-c-shall-be-declared-and-permits-for-the-performance-of-category-a-

and-b-polluting-activities-shall-be-issued)

• Variations can be requested by the operator or the regulator can impose changes.

• It is a fixed procedure by legal requirements, supplemented by internal instructions of the central authority

• legal requirement; no public consultation

• by administrative order

• Discussion results: the initial installation or renewal of e.g. fuel stations usually classified as small changes


Q21 Is remote emission monitoring by environmental quality monitoring (ambient

air quality measurements and/or deposition monitoring) required in IED

permits?


Yes 8 +1

No 5 -1

Answered 13

Comments:

• In exceptional circumstances, ambient monitoring can be required.

• Discussion results: odour immissions due to emissions of sulphur compounds

Q22, Q23, Q24 and Q26 about environmental quality monitoring

These questions are not assessable because most of the answers are related to emissions.

Q25 If environmental quality monitoring is required, what are the required sampling

media and principles?


Not applicable 2

Active air sampling 7

Passive air sampling 7

Soil sampling 5

Use of bioindicators 2


Answered 13

Other:

• In the past we have required the above sampling to address local health concerns.

• Emissions to water

• authorised measurement equipments (Sick etc.)


4. Permitting of largely rebuilt installations

Q27 Do you have exemplary cases of permitting of largely rebuilt installations? What

is the reason for changing the permit?


Yes 3

No 10

Answered 13

Comments:

• Latvia: Old soviet time cement plant was completely rebuilt and modernized in 2011

• Greece: Titan S.A -Thessaloniki plant

• Romania: Is the case of a factory that has been refurbished

5. Application of BAT

Q28 Do you have experience with the use of wet scrubbers to reduce Sulphur

dioxide emissions?


Yes 2

No 11

Answered 13

Comments:

• Hanson's Ribblesdale plant in North West England.

• Discussion topic: recycled waste water

Q29 Do you have experience with the use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR)? Is

there any kiln with full-stream SCR?


Yes 3

No 10

Answered 13


Comments:

• SNCR technology is used

• Most English plant now use SNCR

• SNCR abatement used for NOx.

• Discussion results: according to BREF SCR is used in 2 EU MS but actually at least in 3 MS; only cross-media effects discussed in BREF, but not effects on energy efficiency

• Discussion results: a planned thermal oxidation in AT leads to a temperature increase, which opens the option for an SCR

Q30 Do you have any experience with the use of thermal oxidation due to high

organic emissions (e.g. due to the use of waste, alternative fuels or secondary

raw materials)?


Yes 0

No 13

Answered 13

Comments:

• Not required

• not yet, planned

• not yet, new Project

Q31 Is the amount of waste, alternative fuels or secondary raw materials increasing?


Yes, including hazardous waste 6

Yes, but not for hazardous waste 3

No 5

Answered 14

Comments:

• Not applicable

• alternative fuels have been increasing and are still; max amount according to permit is not fully reached yet

• Discussion result: in UK no further increase expected for alternative fuels, but for secondary raw materials


Q32 Did problems (e.g. specific emissions) occur with increasing amounts of waste

as secondary raw materials?


Yes 2

No 8

Not applicable 3

Answered 13

Comments:

• Problems were mainly related to perception rather than increases in emission. Generally we have seen NOx reduction

• Cl or generally, halogenides, caused installation of tertiary air channelling; thermal treatment of waste gas is necessary; heavy metals have been dominated by raw material

input, thus no change, esp. when dust filtering was upgraded; Hg did not increase.

Q33 Are there compliance problems with the raw mill off versus on and how do you

deal with them?


Yes 1

No 11

Not applicable 0

Answered 12

Comments:

• Previously we had some installations with ELV for operation with and without the mill on. The BATC removed this options and operators have had the tighter limits applied.

Q34 Did problems occur with emissions of organic compounds (TOC)?


Yes 2

No 11

Answered 13


Comments:

• TOC is reason for derogation

• Generally TOC levels are associated with the raw material. Levels fluctuate but on a scale associated with different quarry areas. As this is predictable raw meal preparation and

selective quarrying can reduce short term spikes.

Q35 Did problems occur with emissions of persistent organochlorine compounds?


Yes 0

No 10

Answered 10

Comments:

• Discussion topic: importance of appropriate waste quality

6. IED Baseline Report

Q36 Is a (full) baseline report required because of the existence of hazardous

substances in the installation?


Yes 0 +1

No 10 -1

Answered 10

Comments:

• Discussion results: Yes for UK (all), ES (all), RO (data collection since the time of the IPPC directive); “baseline report” is merely a new term for already existing documents

according to IPPC directive

Q37 If required, what are the relevant substances considered in a baseline report for

cement production sites, other than conventional liquid fuels and abatement

chemicals (e.g. ammonia)?

Responses:

• no baseline report has been submitted so far

• mineral oils

• Mineral oil, NH3-solution (for SNCR)


• Discussion result: hazardous liquid waste used as a fuel

Q38 If required, does the baseline report cover the area of the IED installation or a

larger area (e.g. site boundary)?


The area of the IED installation 5

A larger area 1

A smaller area 0

Not applicable 4

Answered 10

Comments:

• We have a site boundary for technically connected activities which will all be part of the baseline report.

• Discussion topic: extensions are under discussion with competent authorities in AT and RO

7. Particular aspects of environmental inspections in cement production installations

Q39 For cement sites, are there characteristic differences in approach compared to

environmental inspections at other industries?

The question concerned the following aspects: Inspection team, Time required for

preparation, Checklists, Preparation by the operator, Duration of the site visit, Follow-up,

Outcome, Announced or unannounced inspections and Other aspects.

Six respondents answered, in the sense of the question as follows:

• No differences compared to other environmental inspections

• Are similar compared to other IED installation of the same complexity and higher than non IED installations

• Other aspects : Dust issues for off site receptors and noise issues/complaints from site operation.

Discussion result:

• in UK cement installations inspectors from 14 areas periodically meet to exchange information on problem cases


8. Special aspects and developments in cement production

Q40 Continuous dust monitoring of bag filters: do you have any difficulties

concerning calibration techniques or do you know alternative approaches?


Yes 1

No 12

Not applicable 1

Answered 14

Comments:

• Since ELVs all reduced to


Q42 Do you have experience with the use of pulverised fly ash (PFA) to reduce

Sulphur dioxide emissions?


Yes 1

No 10

Answered 11

Comment:

• one site in particular is experimenting with this approach as opposed to installing a wet scrubber. limited success reported so far.

Q43 Cement kiln dusts and bypass dusts: do you have experience in minimising

production of excessive dusts and/or establishing uses of this dusts offsite (e.g.

as a fertilizer)? How is waste dust utilised?

Answer Choices (one or more) Survey Responses

Reintroduce into process 8

Other on-site use 1

Off-site use 3

Landfill 1

Not applicable 2

Answered 11

Comments:

• There are only some researches about ash use in building process.

• No CKD/Bypass dust is sent to landfill. All is either use for land spreading (deployment process used) or mixed into blocks

• Bypass dust is applied during the cement grinding process

• Off site impact on residents - complaints.

• but not as a fertilizer!!

• Discussion results: as a by-product of clinker production, used for soil improvement (not as a fertilizer)


Q44 What are your methods for introducing and testing new waste derived fuels

and waste derived alternative raw materials?

Responses:

• Methods specified by operator. Operators laboratory testing waste derived fuel by moisture content, calorific value, ash, sulphur, chlorine, VOC

• Quality acceptable procedures and specifications

• A pre-approved list of wastes for alternate raw materials or fuel is now included in all permits (over 100 EWC code). A code of practice has been established to minimise

variations but maintain environmental protection.

• - X-ray spectrometry, - X-ray Diffractometry, - Energy dispersion spectrometry, - Calorimetry, - Infrared Combustion, - Chromatography, - Mass spectrometry, - Karl-Fisher

titration

• Guideline by Federal Ministry, issued 2016; Limitation of heavy metals etc, pretesting for volatile organic compounds.

• Discussion results: Code of practice in UK

Q45 Carbon capture trials: do you know possible future development of cement

plants?


Yes 2

No 9

Answered 11

Comment:

• research on going

• Very interested though

• Discussion topic: use of oxygen instead of air to get a CO2 rich flue gas

9. Uploaded files concerning environmental permits

• Keskkonnakompleksluba (Environmental Complex License, FI)

• Industrial Emissions Licence (EI)

• Summary of a Permit (RO)

• Review of an Environmental Permit (UK)

• Notice of Variation (UK)

• Atļauja A kategorijas piesārņojošai darbībai (Permission for Category A Polluting Activity, LV)

report of the workshop on the use of bat-conclusions in ...€¦ · terms and definitions was...

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