2013

Omkar

Android Operating System & Android Kit Kat 4.4

Asian College of Higher Studies

Dhobhidhara, Kathmandu,

Nepal

Prepared by:

Bijneshwor Shrestha

Maitri Ratna Bajracharya

Rohit Shrestha

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

Asian College of Higher Studies. 2

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Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 4

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5

2. Operating System ......................................................................................................................... 5

3. Introduction to Android OS.......................................................................................................... 6

4. History of Android ......................................................................................................................... 6

5. Features of Android OS ............................................................................................................... 8

5.1. Search the web ......................................................................................................................... 8

5.2. Navigate your World ................................................................................................................. 8

5.3. Connect & Share ...................................................................................................................... 8

5.4. Be entertained ........................................................................................................................... 8

5.5. Your stuff, always available, no wires needed ..................................................................... 8

5.6. Powerful, simple, and beautiful .............................................................................................. 8

5.7 Widgets ....................................................................................................................................... 8

5.7 Multi-tasking ............................................................................................................................... 9

5.8 Voice typing and actions ........................................................................................................... 9

5.9. Beyond Smart ........................................................................................................................... 9

6. Introduction to Android Kit Kat 4.4 ............................................................................................. 9

7. Android Kit Kat 4.4 new features ............................................................................................... 9

7.1 Full-screen mode ....................................................................................................................... 9

7.2 Scene transitions ....................................................................................................................... 9

7.3 Screen recording ..................................................................................................................... 10

7.4 Google cloud printing .............................................................................................................. 10

7.5 Infrared blasters ....................................................................................................................... 10

7.6 Faster multitasking and Touch screen ................................................................................. 10

7.7 Music player and speedometer ............................................................................................. 10

7.8 Smart caller ID and Priority contacts .................................................................................... 11

8. Market Occupancy of Android .................................................................................................. 11

8.1 News report .............................................................................................................................. 11

8.2 Market study ............................................................................................................................. 12

9. Candidate Selection ................................................................................................................... 13

10. Comparative study ................................................................................................................. 14

10.1. Similarities between Android OS and iOS ........................................................................ 14

10.1.1. Inbuilt Camera ............................................................................................................... 14

10.1.2. Wi-Fi & Bluetooth .......................................................................................................... 14

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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10.1.3. Memory and storage ..................................................................................................... 14

10.1.4. Power management...................................................................................................... 14

10.1.5. Applications store .......................................................................................................... 14

10.2. Dissimilarities between Android OS and iOS ................................................................... 14

10.2.1 Policies ............................................................................................................................. 15

10.2.2. Level of freedom ........................................................................................................... 15

10.2.3. Cost ,distribution and restriction ................................................................................. 15

10.2.4. Bluetooth and airdrop ................................................................................................... 15

11. Future Prediction .................................................................................................................... 15

12. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 15

Reference .............................................................................................................................................. 16

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

Asian College of Higher Studies. 4

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Abstract

This report is based on brief information about Android and Android Kit Kat 4.4. The

report deals with the idea about Operating system and its importance. The report

consists of the history and development of Android along with its features. This

report also explains about market history of android with its competent operating

systems. Android and iOS both are Unix based operating system, difference

between them is the cost. Besides Android OS, the report also gives a short account

on another popular operating system like iOS 7. Furthermore, it compares and

contrasts Android OS with iOS 7 (Apple operating system 7) regarding their features,

design, and market occupancy. The report also includes Android based Devices and

OS itself. Materials for the study were used from internet sources. The report

concludes development of Android Kit Kat 4.4 and onward versions.

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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1. Introduction

This report is based on brief information about Android Operating System;

specifically on latest version of Android i.e. Kit Kat 4.4. This report is prepared in

order to accomplish our second assignment of "Introduction to Information &

Technology" taught by Er. Rabin Thapa. The operating system we have chosen for

our project on Operating System is Android Operating System highlighting the recent

version of Android OS KitKat 4.4. The report is prepared by the group of three

members: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya and Rohit Shrestha.

During the preparation of this report we had studied all the terms of smartphones,

operating system, market strategy & stock market history and many more things

which we may not have included in this report.

As we are talking here about Android, we may obviously want to know what actually

Android is. The word Android is a combination of 'andr' and 'oid'. 'andr' means

human and 'oid' is adjective form. The compound word Android means robot with

human appearance. Android is releasing number of its versions giving them name of

either sweet dishes or sugary products in alphabetical order. Beginning from Android

Cupcake 1.5 now Android has reached to its latest version named as Android Kit Kat

4.4. Like every version this version of Android is also updated with new features and

system optimization.

The report also includes the market race and occupancy of Android OS, Android

devices, along with its competent such as iOS & iPhone. Also features of Android

and Android Kit Kat are illustrated here along with comparison to iOS 7. This report

also describes about what actually operating system has importance in mobile

devices like Smartphones, Tablets, etc. and computer itself.

2. Operating System

Operating system is a type of system software that helps us to interact with all our

hardware components. This means it acts as a bridge between computer hardware

and user. Primitive operating system were no as much advanced and easy to use as

today's operation system. They needed cryptic words for command and only

professional users could understand it. Computer users used to work dichromatic

screen. User interface were not as advanced as today. Even easy tasks such as

copy, paste, move, rename, etc. were matter of long process and time consuming.

Later on with the development of time and concept, user interface was gradually

developed into graphical system, i.e. Graphic User Interface (GUI). Which allows

user to interact with computer graphically i.e. using mouse to select objects and

application, which made computer more and more fascinating and easier to access

for even a computer idiot. Today, even mobile uses OS based on highly advanced

GUI and have developed to their best.

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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3. Introduction to Android OS

Android, an operating system based on the Linux kernel, was designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as Smartphone and tablet computers. Android operating system was developed by Android Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005. Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.

The user interface of Android is based on direct manipulation, using touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping, tapping, pinching and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects. To make users more interactive to use an Android OS enabled devices, internal hardware such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and proximity sensors are used. Automatic adjusting of screen from portrait to landscape on how the device is oriented is an example.

Android is open source system software. Google releases the source code of android under the Apache License. This open-source code and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers. Additionally, Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of devices. The apps were primarily developed using Java programming language. In October 2012, there were approximately 700,000 apps available for Android and the estimated number of applications downloaded from Google Play was 25 billion. A developer survey conducted in April–May 2013 found that Android is the most popular platform for developers, used by 71% of the mobile developer population.

Overtaking Symbian, Android has already become the world's most widely used Smartphone platform. Also Android is popular among the technology companies because it is available free so that the cost of buying of OS is reduced. Thus, the devices cost low, are customizable and also high tech. nowadays, android has also made its place in televisions, game consoles, digital cameras and other electronic devices.

4. History of Android

Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White, in Rubin's words, "smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences". The primary intention of the company was to develop an advanced operating system for digital cameras. When it was realized that the market for such devices are not enough, and diverted to produce a Smartphone operating system to rival those of Symbian and Windows Mobile (Apple's iPhone had not been released at the time). Android Inc. operated secretly, revealing only that it was working on software for mobile phones. That same year, Rubin ran out of money. Steve Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope and refused a stake in the company.

Making it a wholly owned subsidiary, Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005. Key employees of Android Inc., including Rubin, Miner and White, stayed at

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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the company after the acquisition. Not much was known about Android Inc. Many assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market with this move. At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradable system. Google had lined up a series of hardware component and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of cooperation on their part.

On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, including Google, device manufacturers such as HTC, Sony and Samsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile, and chipset makers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments, unveiled itself, with a goal to develop open standards for mobile devices. That day, Android was unveiled as its first product, a mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6. The first commercially available phone to run Android was the HTC Dream, released on October 22, 2008.

And here we have Android today. There's no other software quite like Android. Google engineered Android, and Google’s own apps run best on it. And with millions of apps, games, songs, and videos on Google Play, Android is great for fun, and for getting things done.

Android devices come in all kinds of sizes, with all sorts of features, and at all sorts

of prices. Each version of Android is named after a dessert, sweet dish or any sugary

product. Following chart shows the hierarchy of android OS versions.

Android 4.4 Kit Kat

Android 4.3 Jelly Bean

Android 4.2 Jelly Bean

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean

Android4.0.3-4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwitch

Android4.0-4.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwitch

Android3.2 Honeycomb

Android 3.1 Honeycomb

Android 3.0 Honeycomb

Android 2.3.3-2.3.7 Gingerbread

Android 2.3-2.3.2 Gingerbread

Android 2.2-2.2.3 Froyo

Android 2.1 Eclair

Android 2.0.1 Eclair

Android 2.0 Eclair

Android 1.6 Donut

Android 1.5 Cupcake

Android 1.1

Android 1.0

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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5. Features of Android OS

5.1. Search the web

The fastest and easiest way to search on your phone or tablet without any desktop is here with Android OS. Enjoy the power of Google search wherever you are. Browse fast on your Android phone or tablet with Chrome. Bring your personalized Chrome experience with you anywhere you go.

5.2. Navigate your World

Never get lost as you go to new places and old favorites. Get voice-guided turn-by-turn GPS navigation to your destination, powerful local search with full place reviews and summaries from Zagat editors, detailed maps with 3D buildings, live traffic information and more with Google Maps for Android

5.3. Connect & Share

Stay connected and share epic moments as they happen. Start a group video chat on the go with up to nine people at once with Google+ Hangouts, and never lose another mobile photo with Instant Upload.

5.4. Be entertained

Get all your apps & entertainment in one place. Google Play brings you the world's largest collection of eBooks, millions of songs, thousands of movies and TV shows, and a growing selection of magazines. With Google Play, you can now read, listen and watch anywhere you want on your tablet, phones.

5.5. Your stuff, always available, no wires needed

When you sign in to your phone or tablet with Google, you can access all of your Google stuff (contacts, photos, Gmail and more) quickly and easily. You can also enjoy all of your favorite entertainment across your Android devices and even your computer without any wired connection or syncing.

5.6. Powerful, simple, and beautiful

Millions of people use Android because it’s so powerful yet still so easy. The home screen, apps, and widgets are simple to use right out of the box, but completely customizable. With Android, you can create a unique mobile experience that’s just right for you.

5.7 Widgets

Put the important stuff right within reach and interact with your favorite apps directly from your home screen with widgets - see the latest sport scores, view your favorite photos, check the weather or peek at your inbox all without having to open different apps or leave the home screen.

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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5.7 Multi-tasking

With Android, you can quickly and seamlessly switch between apps and pick up whatever you were doing. Juggling multiple tasks at once on a mobile device has never been easier.

5.8 Voice typing and actions

Control your Android device with your voice. Simply touch the microphone on the keyboard and start talking to write emails, SMS, or any other text supporting more than 30 languages. Text appears in real time, so there’s no waiting.

5.9. Beyond Smart

Your Android device is already smart, and it’s only going to get smarter. Android was the first to bring you features on certain devices like Face Unlock, which uses facial recognition to let you unlock your device with a smile, Android Beam, which lets you share contacts, directions and more by touching two devices together, and Google Now, which brings you just the right information, before you even ask.

6. Introduction to Android Kit Kat 4.4

Android Kit Kat is the latest version of series of Android operating system. As every

android version is named after certain dessert or sugary treat believing that, as these

treats make our life sweet, even android version will make our life even sweeter.

Android versions have alphabetical order of nomenclature. And now it's named as

Android Kit Kat 4.4 after Android Jelly bean 4.3. Google just released this version of

Android OS and a new phone, the Nexus 5, to run it. No doubt it runs in older

android devices too as it has made just small changes adding it to Google play

services 4.0. As per each version of Android, Kit Kat is designed to work on wide

variety of devices with even with low amount of 512 MB RAM, as memory

optimization is the biggest change in this version of Android.

7. Android Kit Kat 4.4 new features

7.1 Full-screen mode

Unlike previous android devices & OS, Kit Kat allows us to have full screen mode

while using apps that needs to be run in full screen mode, hiding menu bar and

controls below the screen, giving taste of each and every pixel in an inch. And user

can drag down to make menu bar and controls visible. This full screen mode will be

useful for e-book readers, video lovers, internet surfers and many other users too.

Nexus 5 is considered to make this experience more beautiful.

7.2 Scene transitions

Users can animate scenes between different pages or events within system and

application through a new Transitions framework in Kit Kat 4.4. Users can use set of

predefine transitions or create their own animated scene from custom ones, which

are view hierarchies. Even User Interface can be modified such as color. This allows

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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applications featuring fades, resizing and other animations. If user is not interested to

manage animation and transitions by setting specific scenes, a function called

transition Manager helps to do it automatically within an application view hierarchy.

7.3 Screen recording

This feature is one of the best update in Android Kit Kat. Users can create a high

quality video of their applications directly from an android device. Allowing user to

record video of not only Youtube, bus also every possible work user performs in

device and saves it as an Mp4 file. This recording can be done at any device-

supported resolution and then can be shared in computer as well for further use.

"The screen recording function can be found through Android Debug Bridge (ADB)

tool in the Android SDK or through the Android Studio integrated developer

environment."[1]http://readwrite.com/2013/11/07/android-kitkat-developers-users#awesm=~oqLfCRBr282hm5.

7.4 Google cloud printing

Android Kit Kat has additional feature of cloud printing through either Wi-Fi or

Google's own service called Google Cloud Print. Printing from mobile devices has

always been a problem. With this additional feature in Android Kit Kat, android has

introduced native platform support. For compatibility, Kit Kat turns .doc to .pdf as

printing files before sending them to printers. "This facility is available in any printer

connected to Google Cloud Print, HP ePrint Printers and all other printers having

application in the Google Play Store." said Google.

7.5 Infrared blasters

During early 2013, only HTC and Samsung mobile devices were said to have

created Infrared blasters so that user could control their television with their so called

smartphone. Now, Google just added this feature in Kit Kat OS in support of such

devices. If any user phone has infrared support, they can switch to it and its

application program interface will tune the frequency from the phone to remote

receiver it is pointed at.

7.6 Faster multitasking and Touch screen

Multitasking and touch sensor has always been uneasy and less accurate in Android

OS running devices. Google has reported end on this, optimizing memory and

improved the touch screen. Devices to response faster and accurately than ever

before, which makes easier simultaneously to listen music while playing your favorite

games or web browsing.

7.7 Music player and speedometer

Android Kit Kat allows full page album art and access to music control, such as play,

pause, or seek, even when user's device is locked. Which means no problem of

unlocking device for each time user wants access in music player.

Android Kit Kat also has develop an application which helps to measure steps,

speed, calories duration of run, distance, and step frequency while running. Though

this application is still under process of further development, Kit Kat still has tried to

give its best.

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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7.8 Smart caller ID and Priority contacts

Kit Kat 4.4 is inbuilt with not only contact list caller ID, but also search system caller

ID. If user is connected to internet while their phone rings, and user's caller number

is not in his/her contact list, Android Kit Kat 4.4 application automatically searches

for the number in Google Maps.

With Kit Kat 4.4 user is saving their time saving contacts and prioritizing them. On

the basis of people user talks to most and least, contact list keeps getting prioritizing

people. Even nearby places and business can be searched in user's contact or

people in user's Google Application domain.

8. Market Occupancy of Android

Market occupancy of Android OS and Devices are increasing by the day. Every end

of the month and quarter of the year comes with new news headlines of success of

market occupancy of android and its applications. Below are some news report and

study details of Android Market.

8.1 News report

There was this news article in www.i-programmer.info dated 1st October, 2013 by

Janet Swift with the title of "Android overtakes iOS in Tablet market"

http://www.i-programmer.info/news/193-android/6436-android-overtakes-ios-in-

tablet-market.html

"During the second quarter of 2013 sales of Android-powered tablets surpassed iOS-

based ones in volume for the first time and in terms of revenue there was a 50-50

split between Apple and Android.The figures come from technology market

intelligence company ABI Research, which reported that overall shipments of tablets

in the quarter April to June dropped 17% over the January to March one while

growing 23% year-over-year for the same quarterly period. In terms of revenue,

Apple received $6.3 billion of the $12.7 billion total.

ABI's senior practice director Jeff Orr commented,“Smaller 7-inch class tablets are

finally the majority of shipments. The 7.9-inch iPad mini represented about 60% of

total iPad shipments and 49% of iPad-related device revenues in the quarter.”

Due to the shift to the iPad mini the average selling price of iPad's dropped 17%

during the quarter, while the introduction of more up-market Android tablets meant

that its average price increased by the same percentage.Of course, given that the

way the Android tablets come from many manufacturers, the iPad and the iPad Mini

remain the most popular tablet models but in terms of platform Android now

dominates in the tablet market just as it does on smartphones:

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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Above graph shows how Android achieved this dominance in the global smartphone

market and is included in a new report from BI Intelligence which as well as

indicating that Android is running on 80% of smartphones, states it is on 76% of

mobile devices and 60% of all computing devices in circulation (tablets,

smartphones, and PCs combined). This gives it even greater and quicker dominance

than suggested by Gartner in the forecast it published in April."[2] http://www.i-

programmer.info/tech/with-record-market-share-of-81-percent-android-leaves-ios-in-the-dust-1227679.html.

This news report gives us the whole idea about how android OS based devices are

becoming more and more popular by the day. No doubt that more than 100 millions

of users are in hunger of getting new version of android OS and devices.

8.2 Market study

Till today's date, IDC(International Data Corporation) reported that Android has

shipped up to 211.6 million smartphone units, i.e. 81% market occupancy of total

market share of all smart phones. IDE also stated that, iPhone being most popular

phone of last decade having overall sales grown to 25.6%, from 3rd quarter of 2013,

Android has overtaken its market declining iPhone market to 12.9% from 14.4% in

same year. Even in its short history, android has made a great success. This is

meaningfully possible not only because of its popularity of user friendly interface, but

also major reason can be taken as its low reliable price for even general public,

which is making mass market.

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Figure 1: Market occupancy of different OS at the end of 2012 and 2013.

For Android this is a big hit and may be still on next count. However if we look behind

its vendors, vast majority of them still struggle so that they could find a meaning full

market share. Among these vendors, Samsung has been accounted to have 39.9

%of overall Android market share. While rest of them are in struggle to either get

good market share or even 1% of it. In spite of this grand success, Apple takes away

all the money and popularity.

Leaving behind iTunes, Google play store has become most popular application

download store. For the 2nd quarter of 2013, 56% of applications were downloaded

from Google play store. Count still goes on but data for present situation of market

occupancy for application download is still unclear. But news report have been in

favor of increasing market of application download from Google play store. Till

October 2012, approximately 700 thousand applications were available for Android.

Number of applications downloaded from Google Play store till October 2012 was

reported as 25 billion. Due to this reason and increased users, Android occupied

71%of the market of smartphones during April-May 2013. As of May 2013, 48 billion

applications are said to have been downloaded from Google Play store. And as pre

present day's market study, more than 1billion Android devices have been activated

world widely.

9. Candidate Selection

Furthermore, for the comparative study of Android OS with other OS, we have

chosen another popular operating system iOS (also known as iphone OS). We have

chosen iOS for the comparison simply because it is the major competent or rival of

Android OS in the field of mobile operating system.

iOS is a UNIX-based operating system developed and marketed by the Apple Inc. It is specially built for Apple’s iPhone, iPod touch as well as iPad mobile devices. Having being derived from Mac OS X, the history of iOS started with the introduction

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2012 2013

iOS

Android

Windows

Others

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of the operating system in iphone on 29 June, 2007. Just after a couple of days of its release about 270,000 iPhones were sold. And the number soon surpassed the million units mark just in a month and a half. Since then, Apple has updated its versions in regular interval of time. But, iPhone OS had no official name before 6 March 2008, when the first beta version of the iPhone SDK (Software Development Kit) was released. Before then, Apple marketing literature simply used to state that the iPhone uses OS X. During the past few years, Apple has stood itself as a very strong brand in the mobile market. They have reached a point where other manufacturers always seem to be a couple of steps behind in innovations.

10. Comparative study

Of all the operating systems, Apple's iOS and Google's Android have rapidly increased their market share during the past few years. But, there are some similarities and dissimilarities between two of these widely used operating systems.

10.1. Similarities between Android OS and iOS

Both Android OS and iOS target majorly for mobile operating system (specifically for

touch mobile devices). They are both UNIX-based operating. Primarily both of these

OS supports some features such as

10.1.1. Inbuilt Camera

Both Android and iOS devices have inbuilt camera ranging their pixel from 5 to 12

megapixel. These cameras come with panoramic mode, video mode, and even editing mode

with colors, design and many more features including apps or excluding them.

10.1.2. Wi-Fi & Bluetooth

Both of the OS support networking with wireless frequency as well as most desired and

popular application of sharing called Bluetooth.

10.1.3. Memory and storage

As per memory both of the OS is based on Unix and optimizes memory to support even 512

megabytes of memory. Both of these OS have cloud system of storage. Google cloud for

Android and iCloud for iOS. This feature is beside these OS supporting internal storage.

10.1.4. Power management

Both Android and iOS devices had tried their best to give as long battery backup as possible.

Not only because hardware has such management, but because its in OS built within. Such

as turning off lights when user is having a call, or listening to the music, etc.

10.1.5. Applications store

Google play for Android and iTunes for iOS are most popular applications store.

Furthermore, applications of both OS are forward compatible which means that the

applications developed for an older version should run on newer versions too.

10.2. Dissimilarities between Android OS and iOS

The compatibility of the OS is one of the dissimilarities between these OS.

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

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10.2.1 Policies

Apple is actually quite known for its policy over its products. iPhone OS is designed

exclusively only for Apple’s products in contrast to the vast usage of Android in

different models. But, this restriction helps in the reduction of functionality to suit the

hardware needs for different devices. In addition to that, it can help developers make

more useful and powerful applications based on customers’ requirement and desire.

10.2.2. Level of freedom

On comparison with iPhone, Android provides developer more freedom. As Android

is an open source system, developers as well as manufacturers can develop or

modify the system onwards to suit their own needs. Majority of manufacturers port

the base plat-form of Android into their user interfaces. For example: The Sense

GUI (Graphic User Interface) made by HTC.

10.2.3. Cost ,distribution and restriction

Another factor apparently differing from programming in iOS in Android is the cost

for the development of the applications. Basically it is free of cost to develop

applications for Android, the only cost results from the minor developer’s fee charged

when first registering into the Android Market whereas the cost for development of

iOS applications is very high. The applications developed for Android can be

distributed from anywhere. It is possible to download the .apk-file from the Internet.

Furthermore, requirement of Mac computer for the development of iOS applications

restricts the development of iOS applications for normal PC-users.

10.2.4. Bluetooth and airdrop

Android OS allows user to get connected to any of the Mobile devices with Bluetooth. But in

case of iOS it restricts on such application. Only if any iPhone user is nearby, such user can

take part in networking and sharing using airdrop of iOS.

11. Future Prediction

Android is still a growing system in popularity and efficiency and it is being

developed constantly. When Android was first released, only the most dedicated

mobile device enthusiasts knew about it. Now, during the past few years, Android

has gained a bigger share of the market and also the everyday mobile device users

have found the system. This is mainly because more manufacturers have started

using Android in their devices. As more and more people start using Android, the

system is developed onwards more efficiently according to user experiences and at

least in our opinion, it is a positive fact that a truly open source system gains a bigger

share of the market. With further improvement and development in its features

Android can hold even bigger share of market and enhance its popularity among the

people.

12. Conclusion

In order to prepare this report we made internet as tool. Our group decided to write

this report not because of growing market and popularity of android but because of

Android OS and Kit Kat 4.4 By: Bijneshwor Shrestha, Maitri Ratna Bajracharya & Rohit Shrestha.

Asian College of Higher Studies. 16

Dhobidhara, Kathmandu, Nepal

its latest version having similar features to that of iOS7. We found that Android not

only has great features of our times but also is major rising star in world of Operating

system. This version of Android is absolutely amazing and is great to use. May be

when another version of Android is launched, it will have virtual 3D image user

interface too along with GUI.

Reference 1. Dominique A. Heger, "Mobile Devices- An introduction to Android Operating

Environment" ,DH Technologies,2012

2. Janet Swift,"Android overtakes iOS in Tablet market",1st October, 2013,

www.i-programmer.info December 20, 2013

3. www.android.com, "Android Kit Kat 4.4"December 20,2013

4. www.android.com, "Android" December 20,2013

5. International Business Times.htm," Top 6 Major Changes Confirmed and

Revealed Before October Launching Date" December 21,2013