VOL. CLXV . . . No. 57,181 © 2016 The New York Times THURSDAY, MARCH 24, 2016

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By AMY CHOZICKand DAVID E. SANGER

PALO ALTO, Calif. — In hermost vigorous assault yet on herRepublican rivals, Hillary Clintonon Wednesday ridiculed the for-eign policy prescriptions of Don-ald J. Trump and Senator TedCruz, calling them “reckless ac-tions” that would alienate Ameri-ca’s closest allies, demonize Mus-lims and empower Russia.

“If Mr. Trump gets his way, it

will be like Christmas in theKremlin,” Mrs. Clinton said. “Itwill make America less safe andthe world more dangerous.”

The speech, delivered at Stan-ford University, was written hur-riedly after Tuesday’s terroristattacks in Belgium refocused thepresidential campaign from do-mestic issues like income in-equality to the threat of globalterrorism. With a firm lead in therace for delegates needed to cap-ture the Democratic nomination,Mrs. Clinton seemed eager to

turn to national security tolaunch her sharpest attacks yeton Mr. Trump and Mr. Cruz.

Yet in her own policy prescrip-tions — which included an “intel-ligence surge” to collect moredata on the Islamic State, part-nerships with Silicon Valley firms

that have been suspicious ofWashington, and strengtheningthe security of soft targets likeairport check-in areas — Mrs.Clinton resisted calls to distanceherself from the Obama adminis-tration’s actions, and insteadcalled for an acceleration of theapproaches already underway.

That reflected how Mrs. Clin-ton is trying to appear muscularin the fight against terrorismwhile being cautious not to differ-entiate herself from her former

Clinton Dismisses Rivals for ‘Reckless Actions’ in Foreign PolicyKASICH DEFIES CALLS TO QUIT

The Ohio governor resisted G.O.P.efforts to narrow the field to try tostop Donald J. Trump. Page A16.

Continued on Page A10

By JULIE BOSMAN

An independent panel has con-cluded that disregard for the con-cerns of poor and minority peoplecontributed to the government’sslow response to complaints fromresidents of Flint, Mich., aboutthe foul and discolored water thatwas making them sick, determin-ing that the crisis “is a story ofgovernment failure, intransi-gence, unpreparedness, delay, in-action and environmental injus-tice.”

The panel, which was appoint-ed by Gov. Rick Snyder in Octo-ber, when he first urged Flint’snearly 100,000 residents to stopdrinking the city’s tap water, laidblame for the water problems atthe feet of government employ-ees on every level.

Its report was released at anews conference Wednesday inFlint.

It particularly focused on stateemployees: analysts in charge ofsupervising water quality, state-appointed emergency managerswho prized frugality over publicsafety, and staff members in thegovernor’s office who adopted a“whack a mole” attitude to beataway persistent reports of prob-lems.

But the report also concludedthat, “The facts of the Flint watercrisis lead us to the inescapableconclusion that this is a case ofenvironmental injustice.”

In making that declaration, thefive-member panel put a spot-

REPORT ON FLINTCITES ‘INJUSTICE’

Race Is Said to Play a

Role in Inaction

Continued on Page A18

MAURICIO LIMA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Tourists in Revolution Square, Havana. President Obama’s visit noted Cuba’s struggles with race.

By DAMIEN CAVE

HAVANA — President Obamaspoke of his Kenyan heritage. Hetalked about how both the UnitedStates and Cuba were built on thebacks of slaves from Africa. Hementioned that not very long ago,his parents’ marriage would havebeen illegal in America, and heurged Cubans to respect the pow-er of protest to bring about equal-ity.

“We want our engagement tohelp lift up Cubans who are of Af-rican descent,” he said, “whohave proven there’s nothing theycannot achieve when given thechance.”

Mr. Obama’s speech on Tues-

day, in an ornate Spanish co-lonial-style hall in Havana, wasnot only strikingly personal. Itwas also an unusually direct en-gagement with race, a criticaland unresolved issue in Cubansociety that the revolution wassupposed to have erased.

For many Cubans, Mr. Oba-ma’s comments were striking fortheir acknowledgment of racismin both countries. They served as

a reminder that their particularkinship with him — as reflectedin dozens of conversations andresponses to his history-makingthree-day visit this week — in-volves not just policy, but alsoidentity.

“It’s a revolution,” said AlbertoGonzález, 44, a baker who wasone of the few Afro-Cubans to at-tend a discussion with the presi-dent about entrepreneurship onMonday. “It’s a revolution for ev-eryone with a background de-scended from Africa.”

Defensiveness has long hov-ered over the subject of race, inpart because Fidel Castro saidshortly after the revolution thatracism had been solved, making

Obama Looks Past Cuba’s Post-Racial Veneer

Nod to a Taboo Issue

Strikes a Chord

With Islanders

Continued on Page A6

A VIOLENT PAST Khalid el-Bak-raoui, top, and Ibrahim el-Bak-raoui, Belgium-born brothers.

This article is by Alissa J.Rubin, Kimiko de Freytas-Tam-ura and Aurelien Breeden.

BRUSSELS — The Brusselssuicide bombers included twoBelgium-born brothers with a vi-olent criminal past and suspectedlinks to plotters of the IslamicState’s Paris attacks last Novem-ber, the authorities said onWednesday, raising new alarmsabout Europe’s leaky defenses

against a mili-tant organiza-tion that hasterrorized twoEuropean capi-tals with seem-ing impunity.

One of thebrothers wasdeported byTurkey back toEurope lessthan a yearago, Turkey’spresident said,suspected ofbeing a terror-ist fighter in-

tent on entering Syria, where theIslamic State is based. Despitethat statement, Belgian officialssaid neither brother had been un-der suspicion for terrorism untilrecently, an indication of the Is-lamic State’s ability to remainsteps ahead of European intelli-gence and security monitors.

At least 31 people as well as thesuicide bombers died on Tuesdayin the blasts — two at the Brus-sels international airport depar-ture terminal from homemadebombs hidden in luggage, andone at a subway station aboutseven miles away in the heart ofBrussels. The number of wound-ed climbed to 300 from 270 onWednesday as the area slowlysought to recover from one of thedeadliest peacetime assaults inBelgium’s history.

“The European values of de-mocracy and of freedom are whatwas savagely assaulted by thesetragic attacks,” Prime MinisterCharles Michel said after meet-ing with his French counterpart,Manuel Valls, who said, “Our two

BELGIAN BROTHERS

NAMED IN ATTACKS;

3RD MAN IS HUNTED

Turkey Reports ItRaised Alarm

Last Year

Continued on Page A11

This article is by Jim Yardley,Rukmini Callimachi and ScottShane.

The identification of Khalidand Ibrahim el-Bakraoui as sui-cide bombers in the deadly Brus-sels attacks is confronting inves-tigators and counterterrorism ex-perts with a disturbingly recur-rent question: Why do so manyterrorists turn out to be broth-ers?

The Bakraouis join a list ofbrothers involved in nearly everymajor terror attack on Westernsoil since three sets of Saudi sib-lings were among the 19 hijackerswho carried out the Sept. 11, 2001,attacks in the United States. Be-fore then, the grim roster includ-ed 19th-century French anar-chists, militants in SoutheastAsia and the Jewish extremistswho assassinated Prime MinisterYitzhak Rabin of Israel in 1995.

For terror groups, brothers canbe ideal recruits. They radicalizeeach other while reinforcing asense of purpose and ideologicalcalling. They keep watch on eachother to ensure an attack is car-ried out. One new study suggeststhat up to 30 percent of membersof terrorist groups share familyties.

Siblings also present a formi-dable challenge for law enforce-ment. They often live in the samehouse. They can communicateeasily, without using cellphonesthat are vulnerable to surveil-lance. And the glue of family canoften — though not always —serve as insurance against onemember of a cell betraying themission to the authorities.

“Brothers would likely be ex-posed to similar radical mes-sages, and they might well de-bate and brainstorm togetherabout them,” said Audrey KurthCronin, an author and scholar atGeorge Mason University. “And ifyou can rely on a family memberin your plotting, it’s probably lesslikely that they’ll go to the police.It’s a question of security andtrust.”

That the Brussels bombingswere carried out by brothers isparticularly striking becausethey appear to be connected withthe Nov. 13 terror assault on Paristhat killed 130 people. The Bak-

One More Time,Siblings Unite

in Terror

DANIEL BEREHULAK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Belgians in Brussels honoring victims of Tuesday’s terrorist attacks. A minute of silence was observed across the city at noon.

Continued on Page A12

The New York International Auto Showis a showcase for carmarkers’ rapidlyexpanding lineups. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-9

A New York Road Show

Opponents of big power infrastructureprojects say they represent an outmod-ed way of delivering electricity. PAGE B1

Push to Keep Energy Local

A study in rats finds a neuron in a cer-tain brain region helps galvanize wheth-er a risky choice is made. PAGE A21

NATIONAL A15-21

Understanding Risky Behavior

A Supreme Court vote on religiousgroups’ refusal to provide contraceptioncoverage may end in a tie. PAGE A15

Court Split in Obamacare Case

President Obama, on a trip to improvethe United States’ standing in LatinAmerica, met with Argentina’s newleader and offered his support. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-13

Reaching Out to Argentina

The Brooklyn district attorney says hewill not request jail time for a former of-ficer convicted in a shooting. PAGE A22

NEW YORK A22-23

Call for No Jail for Ex-Officer

After reading about a funeral home mix-up, the son of a woman who was mistak-enly cremated told his story. PAGE A22

Funeral Mystery Resolved

Nicholas Kristof PAGE A25

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A24-25

In the avant-garde film “Who’s Crazy?”premiering Friday in New York, mentalpatients freed when their bus breaksdown create their own society. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-6

One Flew Over the Tour Bus

N.F.L. Commissioner Roger Goodell af-firmed a league executive’s remarksthat football-related trauma was tied toa degenerative brain disease. PAGE B15

SPORTSTHURSDAY B10-15

Goodell Admits C.T.E. LinkThirty-six years after it opened, theOdeon is again a favorite among NewYork’s hip and creative crowds. PAGE D1

STYLES D1-12

Back in Fashion

In San Francisco, as in mostcities, parking is an expensivedaily grind that saps the soul. Soa year and a half ago, when Idiscovered the valet-parking app

Luxe, the heavensparted, choirsbegan singing anddouble rainbowscolored the sky.This, I was con-vinced, could be

the next big thing.Luxe solved parking with an

army of smartphone-guidedattendants who parked andretrieved your car at the push ofa button. That sounds like abourgeois luxury, but the realmagic of Luxe was its underlyingeconomics. By ferrying cars frompopular areas to underusedparking lots, Luxe’s foundersargued that they had discovereda loose thread in the city’s park-ing knot. It wasn’t simply moreconvenient — at $5 an hour, with

a maximum of $15 for the day —Luxe was also significantlycheaper than just about anyother way to park.

Things have since changed,and not for the better. Luxe isless reliable, and prices havegone way up. Where I park inSan Francisco, Luxe now oftencharges close to $30 a day, a ratethat exceeds those of local lots,especially when you include theapp’s suggested tips for valets.

Luxe disputes that there hasbeen a shift in its business modelor its target audience. The com-pany says business is booming.But the uneven service andincreased prices raise largerquestions about on-demandapps, the battalion of companiesfounded in the last few years toget stuff done for customers inthe real world, like food delivery,grocery shopping and parking.

Other than Uber, the hypersuc-

Try as Silicon Valley Might,Uber’s Ways Don’t Translate

FARHADMANJOOSTATE OFTHE ART

Continued on Page B8

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