report on improving welfare services for low-income unwed mothers in korea

7/30/2019 Report on improving Welfare Services for low-income unwed mothers in Korea

1/247


2/247


3/247

n

Grgfwxnqg Vwllop~

Bkz xk Nl}pkqg Jkqgpelgex Zgdaopg Vgpqnfgv

akp Dkz,Nefklg Wezgh Lkxbgpv ne Ckpgo

Lnigkej Dgg$ B~g ^kwej Cnl$ @k ^kwej Vwe$ Gweikgej Cnl$ Bkwej Vwc Fbkn

Ckpgo Zklge*v Hgqgdk}lgex Nevxnxwxg

% Nexpkhwfxnke

O% @ofcjpkweh ka Vxwh~

Odkej znxb xbg pgfgex nefpgovg ne xbg ewl`gp ka wezgh lkxbgpv ponvnej xbgnp

fbndhpge$ xbgpg nv o jpkznej nexgpgvx ne wezgh lkxbgp aolndngv ne Ckpgoe vkfngx~%

Offkphnej xk o eoxnkeznhg }w`dnf vwpg~ ke }gpfg}xnkev ka wezgh lkxbgpv$ xbg

xgehgef~ ka iwhjnej xbg lkpod vxoehophv ka wezgh lkxbgpv bov vnjenanfoexd~

hgfdnegh ne Ckpgo Cnl$ B~g ^kwej gx od%$ 0==>.% Xbg Vkwxb Ckpgoe jkgpelgex$

zbnfb boh aondgh xk ojjpgvvngd~ vw}}kpx wezgh lkxbgpv ne xbg }ovx$ hgv}nxg `gnej

fpnxnfnygh akp fopp~nej kwx lovv gr}kpxv ka Ckpgoe `o`ngv akp kgpvgov ohk}xnke$

bov pgfgexd~ ofcekzdghjgh xbg nl}kpxoefg ka }pknhnej fbndh,fopg vw}}kpx xk wezgh

lkxbgpv oeh bov njkpkwvd~ nenxnoxgh vw}}kpx ofxnnxngv%Bkzggp$ hgv}nxg xbg zgocgegh vkfnod }pgiwhnfg ojonevx wezgh lkxbgpv oeh

ofxng jkgpelgex vw}}kpx$ xbg loikpnx~ ka wezgh lkxbgpv opg vxndd vwaagpnej apkl

gfkeklnf hnaanfwdxngv oeh vkfnod }pgiwhnfg% Zklge zbk boh `gge gl}dk~gh ox o vkdnh

zkpc}dofg kaxge aodd nexk }kgpx~ oaxgp `gfklnej oe wezgh lkxbgp% Vonejv

offwlwdoxgh hwpnej gl}dk~lgex `gfklg hg}dgxgh ov xbg~ wehgpjk oe glgpjgef~


4/247

nn

vnxwoxnke ka oe wegr}gfxgh }pgjeoef~% Xbg lklgex o zkloe hgfnhgv xk fopp~ ke

znxb xbg }pgjeoef~ oeh cgg} bgp fbndh$ pgjophdgvv ka zbox bgp ghwfoxnke dggd kp

kffw}oxnkeod fkl}gxgef~ lo~ `g$ vkfnod }pgiwhnfg }wvbgv bgp nexk o lkvx vxpgewkwv

vnxwoxnke%

Xbg Ckpgoe jkgpelgex }pknhgv opnkwv zgdaopg vgpnfgv akp wezgh lkxbgpv

zbk opg vwaagpnej apkl gfkeklnf hnaanfwdxngv$ `wx loe~ ôej~wclnbkelkv fkexnewg

xk knfg fkefgpev o`kwx xbg aneoefnod bwphdgv xbg~ aofg zbndg pgopnej xbgnp fbndhpge%

Odxbkwjb xbg jkgpelgex vxoxgv xbox nx }pknhgv o znhg poejg ka vgpnfgv$ xbg ofxwod

zgdaopg vgpnfgv xbox opg }gpfgngh xk `g bgd}awd `~ ôej~wclnbkelkv vggl xk `g

dnlnxgh% Xbnv vxwh~ zndd pgngz xbg zgdaopg vgpnfgv akp wezgh lkxbgpv }pknhgh `~

xbg Ckpgoe jkgpelgex$ oeh dkkc nexk xbg hgjpgg ka zbnfb vwfb vgpnfgv opg `gnej

wxndnygh `~ ôej~wclnbkelkv% @ovgh ke xbg anehnejv$ xbg vxwh~ zndd jk ke xk

vwjjgvx pgfkllgehoxnkev akp nl}pknej xbg fwppgex zgdaopg vgpnfgv akp

ôej~wclnbkelkv%

@% Lgxbkhkdkj~

Xbg lone lgxbkhkdkjngv nefkp}kpoxgh ne xbnv vxwh~ opg o vwpg~ fkehwfxgh keôej~wclnbkelkv$ oeod~vnv ka xbg 0==> Ckpgo Zklgev Hggdk}lgex Nevxnxwxg

CZHN. hoxo$ oeh nexgpngzv znxb ôej~wclnbkelkv% Nexgpngzv znxb gl}dk~ggv ka

hnvxpnfx oeh Hkej nddojg3 }pnlop~ ohlnenvxpoxng hnnvnke ka o hnvxpnfx. kaanfgv zgpg

odvk foppngh kwx ne kphgp xk nhgexna~ xbg hgxondv oeh grgfwxnke vxoxwv ka jkgpelgex

zgdaopg vgpnfgv% Ne ohhnxnke$ akpwlv zgpg bgdh xk fkddgfx k}nenkev ka gr}gpxv oeh

vgpnfg }pknhgpv zkpcnej ne xbg aofndnxngv akp wezgh lkxbgpv%

0=?= Vwpqg~ ka ôej~wclnbkelkv

Fovgv zgpg k`xonegh xbpkwjb o vekzòdd vol}dnej lgxbkh9 Lgl`gpv ka xbg Ckpgoe Wezgh Lkxbgp Aolnd~ Ovvkfnoxnke CWLAO. aolndnop znxb xbg eggh oeh

hgxondv ka xbnv vwpg~ fkexofxgh kxbgp wezgh lkxbgpv zbk opg ponvnej xbgnp fbndhpge

"ôej~wclnbkelkv. ne fkllwenx~% Xbnv vwpg~ zov fkehwfxgh ke

oej~wclnbkelkv ofpkvv xbg fkwexp~ apkl O}pnd xk Owjwvx ka 0=?=% Vwpg~

}opxnfn}oexv ne xbg lgxpk}kdnxoe opgo oeh xbg Igkddo }pknefg zgpg dkfoxgh xbpkwjb


5/247

nnn

pgagppodv `~ kxbgp wezgh lkxbgpv kp `~ pgfgnnej fkk}gpoxnke apkl wezgh lkxbgpv

jpkw} bklgv% Ne xbg fovg ka @wvoe$ Zkeiw$ Hogjw oeh Nefbkge$ o vwpg~

nexgpngzgp xkkc }opx ne vgda,bgd} lggxnejv akp wezgh lkxbgpv bgdh ox gofb pgjnkev

Bgodxb~ Aolnd~ Vw}}kpx Fgexgp akp Vnejdg ]opgexv xk fkehwfx xbg vwpg~v% O xkxod ka

??: vwpg~ pgv}kevgv zgpg fkddgfxgh%

Oeod~vnv ka 0==> CZHN Hoxo ke Wezgh Lkxbgpv

Hoxo apkl xbg CZHNv 0==> vxwh~ ka wezgh lkxbgpv zov wvgh ne xbnv vxwh~% XbgCZHNv 0==> vxwh~ hoxo nefdwhgv pgvwdxv ka vwpg~v fkehwfxgh ke wezgh lkxbgpv ka

82 nevxnxwxnkev oeh neakploxnke fkddgfxgh apkl wezgh lkxbgpv zbk boh vxo~gh ne

aofndnxngv akp wezgh lkxbgpv `wx opg ekz pgvnhnej ne fkllwenx~% Xbg~ zgpg dkfoxgh

xbpkwjb pgagppodv apkl nehnnhwodv oaandnoxgh znxb xbg nevxnxwxnkev òvgh ke o

vekzòdd vol}dnej lgxbkh% Oe oeod~vnv ka xbg 0?6 oej~wclnbkelkv vwpg~gh ne

xbg 0==> vxwh~ zov foppngh kwx%

Akfwv Jpkw} Nexgpqngzv

Akfwv Jpkw} Nexgpngzv AJN. znxb ôej~wclnbkelkv ke xbg opnkwv nvvwgvfkefgpenej fbndh`npxb oeh fbndhfopg$ xbgnp gr}gpngefgv ne wvnej zgdaopg vgpnfgv$ oeh

oxxnxwhgv ka vkfnod zgdaopg }w dnf kaanfnodv zgpg foppngh kwx% @gakpg bkdhnej xbg AJNv$

o fkevnhgpo`dg ewl`gp ka }pg,lggxnejv zgpg bgdh ne kphgp xk `wndh po}}kpx znxb

nexgpngz }opxnfn}oexv% Xbg AJNv znxb wezgh lkxbgpv xkkc }dofg apkl Ekgl`gp$

0==> xk Iwd~$ 0=?=% Opkweh xbpgg xk ang wezgh lkxbgpv }opxnfn}oxgh ne gofb AJN% O

xkxod ka vgge jpkw} nexgpngzv zgpg fkehwfxgh znxb o fkddgfxgh ewl`gp ka ?:

nehnnhwodv%

% Dnxgpoxwpg Pgqngz

O% Dnqgv kaôej~wclnbkelkv

Xbgpg opg ekx loe~ vxwhngv ke wezgh lkxbgpv ponvnej xbgnp fbndhpge% Lkvx ka xbg

vxwhngv fkehwfxgh w} wexnd ekz bog `gge xbkvg ka wezgh lkxbgpv pgvnhnej ne


6/247

nq

aofndnxngv oeh xbgpg grnvxv ked~ dnlnxgh pgvgopfb ke wezgh lkxbgpv dnnej ne

fkllwenx~% @gfowvg xbg vkfnk,hglkjpo}bnf òfcjpkweh kp vkfnod,gfkeklnf

fbopofxgpnvxnfv ka wezgh lkxbgpv vwjjgvxgh ne }ovx vxwhngv opg òvgh ke vxwhngv ka

wezgh lkxbgpv }dofgh ne aofndnxngv$ nx nv ~gx wefdgop zbgxbgp vwfb anehnejv foe `g

o}}dngh xk odd wezgh lkxbgpv ne Ckpgo nefdwhnej xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv pgvnhnej ne

fkllwenx~%

Nx nv `gdnggh xbox xbgpg grnvx o fkevnhgpo dg ewl`gp ka wezgh lkxbgpv zbk jk

xbpkwjb xbgnp kwx,ka,zghdkfc }pgjeoef~ znxbkwx vggcnej vw}}kpx apkl aofndnxngv$ oeh

nevxgoh pgfgng ovvnvxoefg apkl apngehv oeh aolnd~ zbndg jnnej `npxb oeh ponvnej

xbgnp fbndhpge% Keg ka xbg aofxkpv xbox locg nx hnaanfwdx xk nhgexna~ wezgh lkxbgpv

zbk ponvg xbgnp fbndhpge ke xbgnp kze zbndg pgvnhnej ne fkllwenx~ nv xbg vkfnod

}pgiwhnfg ojonevx xbgl% Vwfb vkfnod }pgiwhnfg nv zb~ dkfoxnej ôj~wclnbkelkv ne

fkllwenx~ pglonev xk `g o jpgox fboddgejg%

Znhgv}pgoh vkfnod ekxnkev ka kwx,ka,zghdkfc }pgjeoefngv bog ekx ked~ oaagfxgh

xbg dngv ka wezgh lkxbgpv `wx odvk xbg vxwhngv kp }kdnfngv fkefgpenej weloppngh

lkxbgpv Boe$ Ne ^kwej$ ?>>2.% Jpkwehgh ke o znhgd~ offg}xgh nhgo ne kwp vkfngx~

xbox }pglopnxod fbndh`npxb nv o loikp vkfnod kp wegxbnfod nvvwg$ xbg gopd~ vxwhngv bog

dnecgh vnejdg,}opgex aolndngv$ }kgpx~,vxpnfcge aolndngv$ pgfcdgvv vgrwodpgdoxnkevbn}v$ oeh dofc ka cekzdghjg ke vgrwod pgdoxnkevbn}v xk wezgh lkxbgpbkkh

Ckej$ Nd Vkkc$ 0==73 Dgg$ Vol Vnc$ ?>>2.% Xbg gopdngp vxwhngv ke wezgh lkxbgpv

vwjjgvx vkdwxnkev xk$ oeh }pggexng lgovwpgv akp$ kwx,ka,zghdkfc fbndhpge$ oe nvvwg

xbox bov opnvge ov o pgvwdx ka eke,lopnxod }pgjeoefngv%

Xbg pgovke xbox xbg gopdngp vxwhngv akfwv ke anehnej xbg fowvgv ka

wezgh,lkxbgpbkkh nv hwg xk xbg `gdnga xbox vwfb anehnejv opg egfgvvop~ xk gvxo dnvb

}pggexng lgovwpgv% Xbgvg vxwhngv oxxgl}x xk wehgpvxoeh wezgh lkxbgpv `~

ovvkfnoxnej xbgl znxb o dnlnxgh dggd ka ghwfoxnke$ fbndhbkkh xpkw dgh `~ }kgpx~

oeh dofc ka oaagfxnke$ pgfcdgvv vgrwod `gbonkp$ oeh dofc ka }pk}gp vgr ghwfoxnke% Xbg vxwhngv odvk }pgvgex vxpgejxbgegh vgr ghwfoxnke ov o }pggexng lgovwpg ne

ohhnxnke xk vwjjgvxnej ohk}xnke ov oe odxgpeoxng akp wezgh lkxbgpv ]opc$ Bgwej

Iw gx od%$ ?>>6.%?.

?. Ne xbg ?>>=v$ ohk}xnke zov xbkwjbx xk `g xbg `gvx k}xnke akp `kxb xbg wezgh lkxbgp

oeh fbndh% Znvbgv ka weloppngh lkxbgpv xk ponvg xbgnp fbndhpge ke xbgnp kze zgpg


7/247

q

Wezgh Lkxbgp Pgdoxgh Aofndnxngv

Loxgpenx~ Aofndnxngv "Lnbkelkvnvgkd.

Lkvx loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv$ zbnfb opg znhgd~ cekze ov Lnbkelkiovnvgkd kp

Lnbkelkvnvgkd grbn nx }kkp fkehnxnkev oeh }pknhg neohgqwoxg fbndhfopg vgpnfgv

Ckej$ Nd Vkkc$ 0==73 Bwb$ Eol Vkke gx od%$ 0==7.% O vxwh~ fkehwfxgh ne xbg gopd~

0===v }knex kwx xbox xbkvg dnnej znxbne xbgvg aofndnxngv gr}gpngefg fkevnhgpo`dg

nefkegengefgv Dgg$ Ikej Vkk$ 0==6.% Ne xbgvg loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd.$

wezgh lkxbgpv zbk bog vgex xbgnp fbndhpge ozo~ akp ohk}xnke N}~oejlnbkelk.

oeh xbkvg zbk fkexnewg xk pgop xbgnp fbndhpge "^oej~wclnbkelk. pgvnhg znxbne xbg

volg v}ofg$ locnej nx glkxnkeodd~ hnaanfwdx akp xbg akplgp zbk opg vwaagpnej }one

apkl xbg o`vgefg ka xbgnp fbndhpge% Xbg vxwh~ vwjjgvxv xbox nx nv ohnvo`dg akp xbg

xzk jpkw}v xk `g }dofgh vg}opoxgd~ Dgg$ Ikej Vkk$ 0==6.% Vgfwpnej }pnoxg dnnej

v}ofgv akp xbg wezgh lkxbgpv znxbne xbg loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd. zov

}gpfgngh xk `g hgvnpo dg hwg xk xbg apwvxpoxnkev aofndnx~ pgvnhgexv aggd zbndg o nhnej

fkbo nxoxnke pwdgv oeh fkeadnfxv opnvnej apkl nexgpofxnke `gxzgge aofndnx~ pgvnhgexv

oeh vxoaa Cnl$ ^w C~wej gx od%$ 0==1.% Keg ka xbg }pk`dglv ka dnnej ne o loxgpenx~

aofndnx~ Lnbkelkvgnvgkd. nv xbox xbg~ opg weo`dg xk cgg} xbgnp ik`v zbndg vxo~nej neo aofndnx~% Xbg~ odvk ekxgh xbox xbg~ opg ekx jnge gekwjb xnlg xk xbglvgdgv ov

xbg~ opg `wv~ xocnej fopg ka xbg zkpc hnvxpn`wxgh xk xbgl vwfb ov fkkcnej oeh

fdgoenej$ oeh v}kcg ka xbg hnaanfwdxngv ka o nhnej fkbo nxoxnke pwdgv Cnl$ ^w C~wej

gx od%$ 0==1.%

Loxgpenx~ Bklgv "Lkiozke.

Offkphnej xk vxwhngv foppngh kwx ne xbg gopd~ ?>>=v$ aolndngv ka vnejdg lkxbgpv

ponvnej fbndhpge wehgp xbg ojg ka ?2 kp wezgh lkxbgpv dgonej loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv

Lnbkelkvnvgkd. zbk znvb xk pgop xbgnp fbndhpge znxbkwx jnnej xbgl w} akp

ohk}xnke opg qwodnangh xk gexgp vw}}kpx aofndnxngv cekze ov loxgpenx~ bklgv

Lkiozke.% Bkzggp$ nx nv ne aofx vnejdg,lkxbgp aolndngv aofgh znxb ohgpvnxngv hwg

hnvlnvvgh ov wepgovkeo dg bk}gv ka nehnnhwodv zbk opg ekx qwodnangh xk `g }opgexv

Ogpoezke 0=?=9 87.%


8/247

qn

xk o dkvv ka o v}kwvg fowvgh `~ hgoxb kp kxbgp pgovkev. xbox ofxwodd~ opg ohlnxxgh

nexk xbg loxgpenx~ bklgv Lkiozke. ]opc$ Bgwej Iw gx od%$ ?>>63 Ckej$ Nd Vkkc$

0==7.% Ov ka 0==0$ xbgpg opg 6> loxgpenx~ bklgv Lkiozke. xbpkwjbkwx Ckpgo% Ne

Vgkwd$ keg lwvx vxo~ ke xbg zonxnej dnvx akp keg kp xzk ~gopv `gakpg ofxwodd~

gexgpnej nexk o loxgpenx~ bklg Lkiozke. Vo$ ^gkwe,Cgkwej$ 0==0.% Gge na oe

wezgh lkxbgp hgfnhgv xk cgg} bgp fbndh$ vbg lo~ ggexwodd~ geh w} jnnej bgp fbndh

w} zbge bonej xk zonx o dkej }gpnkh ka xnlg `gakpg `gnej offg}xgh nexk o bklg

Vo$ ^gkwe,Cgkwej$ 0==0.% O 0==6 vxwh~ }knexv kwx xbg dkz loxgpenx~ bklg

Lkiozke. wxndnyoxnke poxg ka wezgh lkxbgpv% Offkphnej xk xbg 0==> CZHN pg}kpx$

loxgpenx~ bklg Lkiozke. wxndnyoxnke poxg `~ wezgh,lkxbgp aolndngv offkwexgh akp

ked~ o lgojgp ?=' Dgg$ Lnigkej gx od%$ 0==>3 Dgg$ Iog Igkej$ 0==6.%

Jpkw} Bklgv

Xbg vxwhngv fkehwfxgh ne xbg doxg ?>>=v xk gopd~ 0===v vwjjgvx xbg eggh ka

gvxo dnvbnej bkwvnej ne zbnfb wezgh lkxbgpv foe ponvg xbgnp fbndhpge oaxgp dgonej

loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv xbg~ wvgh vbkpxd~ `gakpg oeh oaxgp jnnej fbndh`npxb% Xbg 0==8

vxwh~ ka ?8 ôej~wclnbkelkv pgvnhnej kwxvnhg ka opnkwv vw}}kpx aofndnxngv `~ I% V%

Dgg vwjjgvx xbox wezgh lkxbgpv gr}gpngefnej nefkegengefgv apkl bonej xk vxo~

ne xbg bklgv ka xbgnp aolnd~ kp ofqwonexoefgv hgvnpgh akp o aofndnx~ ne zbnfb xbg~

foe fkexnewg xk hzgdd oeh pgop xbgnp fbndhpge Dgg$ Ikej Vkk$ 0==6.%0. Offkphnej xk

neakploxnke nhgexnangh xbpkwjb aofndnxngv oeh kxbgp vkwpfgv$ xbgpg grnvx o bnjbgp

}gpfgexojg ka }pgvfbkkdgpv olkej xbg fbndhpge ponvgh `~ ôej~wclnbkelkv xboe

olkej xbkvg pgopgh `~ kxbgp vnejdg,}opgex aolndngv% Znxbkwx fbndhfopg vw}}kpx$

wezgh lkxbgpv ponvnej ~kwej fbndhpge gr}gpngefg loe~ fboddgejgv ne fopp~nej kwx

gfkeklnf ofxnnxngv% ôej~wclnbkelk vxwhngv ka xbg gopd~ 0===v foddv akp awpxbgp

gvxo`dnvblgex ka loxgpenx~ bklgv oeh vxpgejxbgegh fbndhfopg vw}}kpx akp

vnejdg,}opgexv Dgg$ Iog Igkej$ 0==6.% Znxb xbg k}genej ka jpkw} bklgv akp

ôej~wclnbkelkv ne 0==6$ xbg jkgpelgex bov `gjwe neigfxnej awehv nexk pgdoxgh

}pkigfxv$ xbgpg ~ gr}oehnej xbg vw}}d~ ka vwfb vbgdxgpv%

0. Olkej xbg ?8 ~oej~wclnbkelkv$ ?? dngh znxb xbgnp aolndngv$ keg dngh znxb o

apngeh$ oeh keg dngh odkeg Dgg$ Ikej Vkk$ 0==6.%


9/247

qnn

Hnaanfwdxngv Gr}gpngefgh ~ôej~wclnbkelkv

@odoefnej Zkpc oeh Fbndhfopg

ôej~wclnbkelkv ne xbg doxg ?>>=v bog nhgexnangh fbndhfopg ov o jpgox fboddgejg

znxb zbnfb xbg~ opg aofgh% Offkphnej xk xbg ôej~wclnbklekv$ xbg~ gr}gpngefg

hnaanfwdx~ ne dkkcnej oaxgp xbgnp fbndhpge zbge bonej xk zkpc dkej bkwpv kp hwpnej

bkdnho~v$ oeh `gfowvg ka xbgnp pgdoxngd~ dkz bkwpd~ zojgv$ nx nv aneoefnodd~

fboddgejnej xk }wpvwg `kxb zkpc oeh fbndhfopg ]opc$ Vkkc Bgg$ 0===.% Zkpcnej

ôej~wclnbkelkv fkl}done ka xbg apwvxpoxnkev xbg~ wehgpjk ov xbg~ iwjjdg zkpc

oeh fbndh,pgopnej vwfb ov xbg bwphdgv xbg~ aofg zbge oxxgl}xnej xk xocg xbgnp

fbndhpge xk xbg bkv}nxod kp oxxgeh oaxgp,bkwp hneegp oeh hpnecv znxb fkddgojwgv$

zbnfb nv o fkllke }pofxnfg ne Ckpgov fkp}kpoxg fwdxwpg Dgg$ Ikej Vkk$ 0==6.%

Vklg ka xbg fboddgejgv ka fbndhfopg xbox opg }knexgh kwx nefdwhg9 xbg vbkpxojg ka

fbndhfopg aofndnxngv xbox }pknhg vgpnfgv hwpnej xbg ggenej kp bkdnho~v3 bgo~

`wphge ka fbndhfopg fkvxv3 xbg jwndx xbg~ aggd akp fowvnej oe nefkegengefg xk xbgnp

aolnd~ lgl`gpv3 oeh fbndhfopg bnehgpnej xbgnp gaakpxv xk k xone egfgvvop~ ik vcnddv

kp qwodnanfoxnkev akp vggcnej gl}dk~lgex% Zkpcnej vnejdg,}opgexv zgpg akweh xk `g

ne eggh ka fbndhfopg vgpnfgv hwpnej ggenej bkwpv Dgg$ Iog Igkej$ 0==6.% Lkxbgpvfopnej akp o fbndh gefkwexgpgh loe~ k`vxofdgv zbge }pg}opnej akp$ oeh vggcnej$

gl}dk~lgex$ oeh zgpg dnnej ke vonejv xbg~ boh offwlwdoxgh zbndg zkpcnej ox

xbgnp }pgnkwv ik v%

Fboddgejgv Aofgh `~ ôej~wclnbkelkv ne Fkllwenx~

Xbg fboddgejgv wezgh lkxbgpv ne fkllwenx~ gr}gpngefg ne xgplv ka fbndhfopg

nefdwhg fdovbgv znxb aolnd~ lgl`gpv kp pgdoxngv oeh apwvxpoxnkev hwg xk dnlnxgh

dnnej qwopxgpv Vo$ ^gkwe,Cgkwej$ 0==0.% Xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv dnnej znxb xbgnp

aolnd~ vo~ xbg~ opg xpkw dgh `~ pgex$ xbgnp pgdoxnkevbn} znxb aolnd~ lgl`gpv$ oeh}gpfg}xnkev xbgnp egnjb`kpv bog ka xbgl Dgg$ Ikej Vkk$ 0==6.% ôej~wclnbkelkv

dnnej znxb xbgnp }opgexv lwvx aofg xbg fkdh oeh hnvo}}pknej jdoefgv ka xbgnp

fkevgpoxng egnjb kpv zbk bog dngh ne xbg volg egnjb kpbkkh vnefg xbg~ zgpg o

fbndh$ oeh xbg egjoxng oxxnxwhg `~ egnjb`kpv xkzophv xbgnp howjbxgpv locg xbgnp

}opgexv aggd vbolg oeh hnvjpofg%


10/247

qnnn

Ne loe~ fovgv$ wezgh lkxbgpv zbk bog dgax loxgpeod aofndnxngv znxb ~kwej

ò ngv opg ne eggh ka zgdaopg `geganxv akp o fgpxone }gpnkh ka xnlg% Xbg~ lo~

fkevnhgp o}}d~nej akp `geganxv }pknhgh wehgp xbg Eoxnkeod @ovnf Dngdnbkkh Vgfwpnx~

E@DV. vfbglg `wx `gfklnej o pgfn}ngex ka E@DV `geganxv nv ekx oe gov~ xovc

Bwb$ Eol Vkke gx od%$ 0==7.% O fkevnhgpo`dg ewl`gp ka wezgh lkxbgpv bog

vggpgh xngv znxb xbgnp }opgexv zbk xbg doz vxoxgv ov xbg ]gpvke Dno`dg akp

Vw}}kpxnej xbgl$ oeh xbwv bov ek keg apkl zbkl xbg~ foe pgfgng }pofxnfod

ovvnvxoefg% Xbgvg wezgh lkxbgpv foe `g akweh negdnjn dg xk pgfgng zgdaopg `geganxv

na xbgnp gvxpoejgh }opgexv opg hgglgh gfkeklnfodd~,fo}o`dg ka vw}}kpxnej xbgl

Bwb$ Eol Vkke gx od%$ 0==7.%

ôej~wclnbkelkv Pgfgnqnej Zgdaopg @geganxv

Ox }pgvgex$ xbgpg grnvxv ek fkl}pgbgevng vxoxnvxnfv ke wezgh lkxbgpv ne Ckpgo%

Bkzggp$ xbg Ckpgoe jkgpelgex foe joxbgp pgdoxgh vxoxnvxnfv `~ wvnej xbg hoxo ke

ôej~wclnbkelkv pgfgnnej zgdaopg `geganxv apkl dkfod lwenfn}od jkgpelgexv% Ov

}opx ka xbg 0=?= vwpg~ ka dnnej fkehnxnkev ka wezgh lkxbgpv oeh aoxbgpv ponvnej

fbndhpge ke xbgnp kze ôej~wclnbkelkv oeh ôej~wclnbke`kkv. ne J~gkejjn,hk$

hoxo ka wezgh lkxbgpv kp aoxbgpv pgfgnnej zgdaopg `geganxv ne J~gkejjn,hk `pkcge

hkze `~ xbg hnaagpgex hnvxpnfxv znxbne xbg }pknefg zov pgdgovgh Vgk$ B~g,iwej$

0=?=9 6>.% Olkej xbg 6:? wezgh lkxbgpv pgjnvxgpgh ne J~gkejjn,hk zbk pgfgngh

`geganxv ne 0==>$ :?' pgfgngh xbg Vnejdg,]opgex Aolnd~ Vw}}kpx V]AV. `geganxv$

zbndg 0>' pgfgngh `geganxv wehgp xbg E@DV vfbglg Vgk$ B~g,iwej$ 0=?=.% Xbg

0=?= vxwh~ `~ B~g,iwej Vgk fkehwfxgh o vwpg~ ke 6?? wezgh lkxbgpv oeh aoxbgpv

pgvnhnej ne J~gkejjn,hk zbk opg zgdaopg `geganx pgfn}ngexv% Olkej xbg vwpg~gh

nehnnhwodv$ 026 zgpg wezgh lkxbgpv% Ojg hnvxpn wxnke ka xbg vwpg~gh nehnnhwodv

zov akweh xk `g hnaagpgex apkl xbox ka xbg hoxo fkddgfxgh xbpkwjb aofndnxngv9 00%0'

zgpg ojgh 08 kp ~kwejgp3 00%6' zgpg ojgh 07 xk 6=3 oeh kgp 77%7' zgpg 6? ~gopv

kp kdhgp% Fkl}opgh xk kxbgp vxwhngv$ xbgpg zov o vnjenanfoexd~ bnjbgp }pk}kpxnke ka

xbkvg ne xbgnp 6=v kp kdhgp Vgk$ B~g,iwej$ 0=?=.%


11/247

nr

@% Hgfpgovnej ]pk}kpxnke ka Xgge Wezgh Lkxbgpv

Pgfgex lghno pg}kpxv kp vxwhngv bog fdonlgh xbox xbg }pk}kpxnke ka xgge wezgh

lkxbgpv nv ke xbg pnvg% Bkzggp$ xbgpg nv ek fkefpgxg gnhgefg xbox vw}}kpxv xbnv

ngz% Dgx wv pgngz o ewl`gp ka hoxo xk negvxnjoxg xbg opjwlgexv xbox xbg ojg ka

wezgh lkxbgpv nv lknej ne xbg hkzezoph hnpgfxnke%

"Wenx9 '.

67 686?

67

01

8?62

61 676:

?7 ?1?>

?1

06

>??

?7 ?8 ?7

=

7

?=

?7

0=

07

6=

67

8=87

0==7 0==1 0==: 0==2 0==2

Ojgv ?> kp kwejgp Ojgv 0=,08 Ojgv 07,0> Ojgv 6= kp Kdhgp

Vkwpfg9 0==7,0==> Nexgpeod Hoxo ka xbg Lnenvxp~ ka Jgehgp Gqwodnx~ ! Aolnd~

4Anjwpg ,?5 Ojg Hnvxpn`wxnke ka Wezgh Lkxbgpv ne Loxgpeod Aofndnxngv"Lnbkelkvnvgkdv.

Dgxv xocg o dkkc ox hoxo apkl xbg lnh 0=== oeh doxg 0===v zbnfb foe `g fkl}opgh

xk xbg ?>>=v hoxo pgadgfxnej xbg ojg hnvxpn`wxnke ka wezgh lkxbgpv pgvnhnej ne

loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd.% 4Anjwpg ,?5 grbn nxv xbg ojg hnvxpn wxnke ka

wezgh lkxbgpv pgvnhnej ne loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd. `~ ~gop% Xbg

}gpfgexojg ka wezgh lkxbgpv ne xbgnp xggev fkexnewgh xk jpkz apkl xbg lnh ?>>=v

xk gopd~ 0===v `wx `gjoe xk aodd ne xbg lnh 0===v%

Xbg hgfdneg ne xbg }pk}kpxnke ka xggev olkej xkxod wezgh lkxbgpv foe odvk `g

fkeanplgh ne xbg hoxo fkl}ndgh wehgp xbg vxwh~ ka wezgh lkxbgpv pgvnhnej ne

loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv vgg 4Anjwpg ,05.% Xbgpg grnvxv ek fkefpgxg gnhgefg xbox

vw}}kpxv xbg fkefgpe znxbne kwp vkfngx~ xbox xbg }pk}kpxnke ka xgge wezgh lkxbgpv

nv ke xbg pnvg oeh xbox xbg ojg ka weloppngh lkxbgpv fkexnewgv xk hgfdneg%


12/247

r

"Wenx9 '.

08%>

76

6>%7

6=%2

7>%2

67%262%8

6?%1

?6%8

7%1

?2%80=%6

?%>7%1

6%:

?:%0

=

?=

0=

6=

8=

7=

1=

:=

?>28 0==0 0==1 0==>


Ekxg9 ?>289 Obe$ Vkke Hwc gx od%$ ?>28%0==09 Dgg$ Vn @ogc gx od%$ 0==0%0==79 Bwb$ Eol Vkke gx od%$ 0==7%0==19 Cnl$ ^w C~wej gx od%$ 0==1%0==>9 Cnl$ B~g ^kwej gx od$$ 0==>%

4Anjwpg ,05 Ojg Hnvxpn`wxnke ka Wezgh Lkxbgpv ne Loikp Vxwhngv

Xbg }gpfgexojg ka xggev olkej xkxod wezgh lkxbgpv fkexnewgh nxv w}zoph fdnl`

apkl xbg lnh ?>>=v xk xbg gopd~ 0===v `wx `gjoe xk vdnhg apkl xbg lnh oeh doxg

0===v% Odxbkwjb xbg }pk}kpxnke ka xgge wezgh lkxbgpv nv hgfpgovnej$ fkexnewkwv

oxxgexnke vbkwdh `g }onh xk xbg kffwppgefg ka xgge,ojg wezgh lkxbgpv$ fkevnhgpnej

bkz jpgoxd~ xgge }pgjeoef~ foe dnlnx xbgnp ghwfoxnke oeh fopggp k}}kpxwenxngv%

F% Hnaagpgefg `gxzgge ^oej~wclnbkelkvoeh N}~oejlnbkelkv

CZHNv 0==> vxwh~ ka wezgh lkxbgpv zov wvgh xk nhgexna~ xbg hnaagpgefg

`gxzgge N}~oejlnbkelkv oeh ^oej~wclnbkelkv% Olkej xbg 60? wezgh lkxbgpv

zbk jog `npxb$ 66%1' hgfnhgh xk jng xbgnp fbndh w} akp ohk}xnke zbndg xbg

pglonenej 11%8' opg ponvnej$ kp }doeenej xk ponvg$ xbgnp fbndhpge ke xbgnp kze%

4Anjwpg ,65 vbkzv xbg hnvxpn wxnke ka wezgh lkxbgpv zbk bog hgfnhgh xk }wx

xbgnp fbndhpge w} akp ohk}xnke kp ponvg xbgl ke xbgnp kze `~ ojg%


13/247

rn

"Wenx9 '.

87%78=%8

6?

??%2

78%77>%1

1>

22%0

=

?=

0=

6=

8=

7=

1=

:=

2=

>=

?==


N}~oejlnbkelk ôej~wclnbkelk

4Anjwpg ,65 Hnvxpn`wxnke ka ôej~wclnbkelkoeh N}~oejlnbkelk `~ Ojg

Xbgpg zov o pgdoxngd~ bnjb }pk}kpxnke ka N}~oejlnbkelkv olkej xbg ~kwejgp

wezgh lkxbgpv$ zbgpgov xbg kdhgp ojg jpkw} vbkzgh o pgdoxngd~ bnjb }pk}kpxnke ne

xbg ôej~wclnbkelk foxgjkp~% 87%7' ka wezgh lkxbgpv ojgh ?> kp ~kwejgp zgpgakweh xk `g N}~oejlnbkelkv% Bkzggp$ xbg }pk}kpxnke ka N}~oejlnbkelkv

fkexnewgh xk hgfdneg ov xbg ojg ka xbg wezgh lkxbgpv zgex w}$ znxb xbg anjwpg ox

8=%8' ne xbg 0= xk 08 ojg jpkw}$ 6?%=' ne xbg 07 xk 0> ojg jpkw}$ oeh o lgpg ??%2'

olkej xbkvg ojgh 6= kp kdhgp% Lgoezbndg$ ôej~wclnbkelkv offkwexgh akp 78%7'

ka wezgh lkxbgpv ojgh ?> kp ~kwejgp$ 7>%1' ka wezgh lkxbgpv ojgh 0= xk 08$

1>%=' ka xbkvg ojgh 07 xk 0>$ oeh 22%0' ka ojg 6= oeh kgp jpkw}$ vnjena~nej xbox

xbg kdhgp xbg wezgh lkxbgpv opg$ xbg bnjbgp xbg }gpfgexojg ka zklge hgfnhnej xk

ponvg xbgnp fbndhpge ke xbgnp kze%

% Zgdaopg Vgpqnfgv akp ôej~wclnbkelkv

O% Vnejdg,]opgex Aolnd~ Vw}}kpx "V]AV. ]pkjpol

ôej~wclnbkelkv Pgdoxgh Aofndnxngv


14/247

rnn

Vw}}kpx }pknhgh xk wezgh lkxbgpv nv òvgh ke xbg Vnejdg,]opgex Aolnd~

Vw}}kpx V]AV. Ofx% Xbg lone vw}}kpx grxgehgh xk wezgh lkxbgpv wehgp xbnv ofx

nv aofndnx~,pgdoxgh% Qopnkwv aofndnxngv akp dkz,nefklg vnejdg,}opgexv opg }pknhgh

wehgp xbg V]AV ]pkjpol% Xbg aofndnxngv xbox opg hnpgfxd~ pgdoxgh xk

ôej~wclnbkelkv opg xbg loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd.$ jpkw} bklgv akp

wezgh lkxbgpv$ oeh loxgpenx~ bklgv Lkiozke.% Xbg ewl`gp oeh bkwvnej fo}ofnx~

ka loxgpeod aofndnxngv nefpgovgh apkl xbg lnh 0===v$ oeh znxb xbg jpkznej

wehgpvxoehnej ka xbg nl}kpxoefg ka fbndhfopg vw}}kpx akp wezgh lkxbgpv$ xbgpg bov

`gge o jpohwod gr}oevnke ka pgdoxgh vgpnfgv%

Gofb aofndnx~ }pknhgv apgg,ka,fbopjg bkwvnej kp offkllkhoxnkev$ oeh òvgh ke

xbg V]AV Ofx$ xbkvg pgvnhnej ne xbg aofndnxngv foe pgfgng zgdaopg `geganxv%

Aofndnx~,hzgddgpv zbk qwodna~ akp `geganxv wehgp xbg E@DV vfbglg pgfgng xbg

E@DV `geganxv akp aofndnx~ pgvnhgexv$ zbnfb grfdwhgv gr}gevgv akp bkwvnej oeh

lgodv xbox opg }pknhgh `~ xbg aofndnxngv% Hwpnej xbg xnlg }gpnkh lgexnkegh o kg$

xbg ewl`gp ka aofndnxngv akp kxbgp vnejdg }opgexv hnh ekx nefpgovg ox oe gr}kegexnod

poxg% Bkzggp$ xbg loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd. nefpgovgh apkl ?0 wenxv ne

0==8 xk 60 wenxv ne 0==> oeh xbg jpkw} bklgv akp wezgh lkxbgpv nefpgovgh `~ 0%7

akdhv apkl eneg wenxv xk 06 wenxv znxbne xbg volg xnlg }gpnkh% Xbg gr}oevnke kapgdoxgh aofndnxngv ne xbg lnh,0===v oeh doxg,0===v }knexv xk nefpgovgh nexgpgvx ne

vw}}kpx akp wezgh lkxbgpv fbndh`npxb oeh fbndhfopg `~ }kdnf~locgpv%

Ne }pnefn}dg$ xbkvg zbk gexgp loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd. opg oddkzgh xk

bkdh ik v hwpnej xbgnp vxo~% Bkzggp$ xbgpg opg loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd.

xbox hk ekx oddkz wezgh lkxbgpv xk jk xk zkpc ne kphgp xk gqwodd~ o}}d~ xbg

fkbo`nxoxnke pwdgv xk odd aofndnx~ neloxgv% Ov o pgvwdx$ wezgh lkxbgpv gexgpnej

loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd. lwvx gr}gpngefg o hnvfkexnewoxnke ne xbgnp

fopggp%

Wezgh lkxbgpv zbk dgog loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd. opg aofgh znxbloe~ fboddgejgv ne xgplv ka vggcnej o }dofg ka pgvnhgefg kp pgopnej xbgnp fbndhpge

ke xbgnp kze% Jpkw} bklgv opg }pknhgh ov xgl}kpop~ vbgdxgpv zbgpg xbg weloppngh

lkxbgpv foe vxo~ hwpnej xbg vxojg zbge xbg~ pgfgng kfoxnkeod xponenej oeh

}pg}opg xk vxoeh ke xbgnp kze aggx vbkpxd~ oaxgp dgonej xbg loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv

Lnbkelkvnvgkd.% Xbg vnjenanfoefg ka xbg jpkw} bklgv dngv ne xbg aofx xbox o }dofg


15/247

rnnn

xk vxo~ nv }pknhgh xk wezgh lkxbgpv ponvnej xbgnp fbndhpge ôej~wclnbkelk.%

Bkzggp$ `gfowvg xbgpg nv o fgndnej }dofgh ke xbg ewl`gp ka }gk}dg xbg jpkw}

bklgv foe offkllkhoxg$ ked~ o dnlnxgh agz foe `geganx apkl xbnv aofndnx~% Ne

ohhnxnke$ ov jpkw} bklgv opg vbopgh `~ o ewl`gp ka wezgh lkxbgpv znxb ~kwej

fbndhpge$ nehg}gehgex v}ofg oeh }pnof~ xbox xbkvg pgvnhnej ne xbg jpkw} bklgv foe

geik~ opg gp~ dnlnxgh% Xbg aofx xbox xbg~ bog xk vbopg cnxfbgev oeh gox lgodv

xkjgxbgp bov odvk `gge }knexgh kwx ov keg ka xbg nefkegengefgv gr}gpngefgh `~

jpkw} bklg neloxgv%

Loxgpenx~ bklgv Lkiozke. opg dnnej aofndnxngv ne zbnfb dkz,nefklg

vnejdg,lkxbgp aolndngv foe pgvnhg akp w} xk xbpgg ~gopv% Fkl}opgh xk loxgpenx~

aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd. oeh jpkw} bklgv akp wezgh lkxbgpv$ loxgpenx~ bklgv

gevwpg jpgoxgp }pnof~ ka nxv pgvnhgexv vwfb ov }pknhnej vg}opoxg cnxfbgev akp gofb

aolnd~% Bkzggp$ xbg }gpfgexojg ka wezgh,lkxbgp aolndngv olkej xkxod aolndngv

gexgpnej xbg loxgpenx~ bklgv eoxnkeznhg nv pgdoxngd~ dkz oeh loe~

ôej~wclnbkelkv jng w} zonxnej akp oe k}genej hwpnej xbg dkej zonx,dnvx }gpnkh%

Xbgpgakpg$ lkpg loxgpenx~ bklgv vbkwdh `g `wndx oeh }pknhgh akp xbg wvg ka

ôej~wclnbkelkv%

Zgdaopg @geganxv

Zgdaopg `geganxv wehgp xbg Vnejdg,]opgex Aolnd~ Vw}}kpx V]AV. }kdnf~ nv

}pknhgh xk vnejdg,}opgex aolndngv znxb fbndhpge wehgp xbg ojg ka ?2% Ne kphgp xk `g

gdnjn dg akp xbg V]AV zgdaopg `geganxv$ vnejdg,}opgex aolndngv lwvx bog oe nefklg

dggd xbox hkgv ekx grfggh ?6=' ka lnenlwl dnnej fkvxv$ zbnfb gqwodv xk o

lkexbd~ nefklg ka CPZ ?$??1$6:= akp o xzk,}gpvke aolnd~ ov ka 0=?= Lnenvxp~ ka

Bgodxb$ Zgdaopg$ oeh Aolnd~ Oaaonpv$ 0=?=.%

Xbg zgdaopg `geganx zbnfb fkefgpev ôej~wclnbkelkv ponvnej ~kwej fbndhpge nv

xbg fbndhfopg oddkzoefg ka CPZ 7=$===% Xbg lornlwl gdnjn ndnx~ ojg ka }kxgexnod

`geganfnop~ fbndhpge zov jpohwodd~ dnaxgh$ oeh ov ka 0=?=$ wezgh lkxbgp aolndngv

znxb fbndhpge w} xk ?0 ~gopv ka ojg lo~ pgfgng xbg fbndhfopg oddkzoefg% Bkzggp$

odxbkwjb xbg fo} }dofgh ke xbg gdnjn`ndnx~ ojg ka fbndhpge bov `gge ponvgh$ xbg

olkwex ka xbg `geganx nxvgda pglonev ox CPZ 7=$===%


16/247

rnq

Bkwvnej Vw}}kpx

Offkphnej xk grnvxnej vxwhngv ke ôej~wclnbkelkv$ vgfwpnej bkwvnej zov akweh

xk `g ke xbg xk} ka xbg dnvx ka wezgh lkxbgpv zoexnej xk ponvg xbgnp fbndhpge ne o

vxo dg genpkelgex% Xbg Ckpgoe jkgpelgex$ ne fkk}gpoxnke znxb xbg Ckpgo Doeh !

Bkwvnej Fkp}kpoxnke$ }pknhgv pgexod bkwvnej xk dkz,nefklg$ vnejdg,}opgex aolndngv%

Bkzggp$ ov xbg hgloeh vnjenanfoexd~ kwxewl`gpv xbg vw}}d~$ loe~ jng w} ke

vgfwpnej o pgexod bkwvnej wenx% Gge na o ôej~wclnbkelk,aolnd~ nv }dofgh ke xbg

volg pgexod bkwvnej zonx dnvx poecnej ov o vnejdg,}opgex aolnd~$ nx lo~ `g jnge odkzgp }pnkpnx~ fkl}opgh xk xbg doxxgp% Xbnv nv hwg xk xbg aofx xbox9 xbg ewl`gp ka

hg}gehoexv ne o ôej~wclnbkelk aolnd~ nv x~}nfodd~ vloddgp xboe xbox ka o

vnejdg,}opgex aolnd~3 xbg ewl`gp ka fkevgfwxng ~gopv o ôej~wclnbkelk bov dngh

ne xbg pgjnke ka xbg pgexod bklg xgehv xk `g pgdoxngd~ vbkpxgp3 xbg }gpnkh ne zbnfb

o ôej~wclnbkelk }opxnfn}oxgh ne o vgda,vw}}kpx }pkjpol nv pgdoxngd~ vbkpxgp$ ov

xbgpg zov ek eggh akp bgp xk `gfklg o }pkjpol }opxnfn}oex `gakpg bgp }pgjeoef~3

oeh xbg ewl`gp ka lkexbd~ hg}kvnxv vbg bov lohg nexk bgp bkwvnej vw`vfpn}xnke

vonejv offkwex zndd xgeh xk `g pgdoxngd~ dkzgp xboe xbox ka kxbgpv ke xbg zonx dnvx%

Zgdaopg Aweh Dkoev

Ov }opx ka xbg V]AV ]pkjpol$ dkoev opg grxgehgh xk vnejdg,}opgexv zbk znvb xk

vxopx xbgnp kze `wvnegvv% Xbg lornlwl olkwex ka o dkoe nv CPZ ?0 lnddnke akp

xbkvg znxbkwx o jwopoexkp oeh CPZ 0= lnddnke akp xbkvg znxb o jwopoexkp kp

fkddoxgpod% Xbg wvg ka xbg zgdaopg aweh dkoev wehgp xbg V]AV ]pkjpol nv dnlnxgh xk

`wvnegvv vxopx,w} fo}nxod ked~% Bkzggp$ CPZ ?0 lnddnke xk CPZ 0= lnddnke nv ekx

o vwaanfngex olkwex xk `gjne o `wvnegvv$ oeh gge na keg hkgv vxopx o `wvnegvv$ xbgpg

nv ek jwopoexgg xbox nx zndd `g o vwffgvv% Ne aofx$ ne loe~ fovgv$ xbg gehgokpv geh

ne aondwpg% Akp xbgvg pgovkev$ nx nv nefkl}pgbgevn`dg zb~ vwfb o zgdaopg aweh akp

dkz,nefklg gopegpv zbkvg òvnf dngdnbkkh vbkwdh `g gevwpgh nv dnlnxgh xk xbg wvg

ka `wvnegvv vggh lkeg~%

Dkkcnej ox xbg ewl`gp ka vnejdg,}opgex zgdaopg aweh dkoev `~ ~gop$ xbgpg zgpg

?06 dkoev jnge kwx ne 0==8$ ?62 dkoev ne 0==1$ oeh ?0> ne 0==2% Hwpnej xbg jnge

xnlg }gpnkh$ ked~ ?06 xk ?86 aolndngv pgfgngh xbg dkoev% Xbgpg nv o eggh xk pgngz


17/247

rq

zo~v xk lkpg gaagfxngd~ wxndnyg xbg aweh% Xbg zgdaopg aweh$ zbnfb bov o dkz

wxndnyoxnke xpofc pgfkph$ vbkwdh `g wvgh akp vw}}d~ ka bkwvnej$ zbnfb nv o

}pgfkehnxnke akp nehnnhwodv xk ofxngd~ gejojg ne nefklg,gopenej ofxnnxngv$ poxbgp

xboe `gnej xngh w} ov vxopx,w} fo}nxod%Fbndh Vw}}kpx Geakpfglgex Vw}}kpx Vgpqnfgv

@gjneenej ne 0==:$ xbg Ckpgoe jkgpelgex bov `gjwe o apgg,ka,fbopjg dgjod

vgpnfg }pkjpol akp geakpfnej vnejdg,}opgex aolnd~ fbndh vw}}kpx k dnjoxnkev% Xbg}pkjpol nv pwe `~ xbg Ckpgo Dgjod Onh Fkp}kpoxnke oeh xbg Ckpgo Dgjod Onh Fgexgp

akp Aolnd~ Pgdoxnkev Ckpgoe Zklgev Ovvkfnoxnke ka Iwhnfnod Vfpngegpv$ 0=?=.%

Wehgp xbg }pkjpol$ aneoefnod vw}}kpx nv jnge xk fkgp fkvxv akp fbndh vw}}kpx

dozvwnxv% Bkzggp$ offkphnej xk nexgpngzv znxb nehnnhwodv zbk bog }wpvwgh fbndh

vw}}kpx dozvwnxv ne xbg }ovx$ xbg }pkfgvv apkl `gjneenej o dozvwnx xk ofxwodd~

fkddgfxnej fbndh vw}}kpx nv ekx vk vnl}dg% Lgoezbndg$ xbgpg opg loe~

^oej~wclnbkelkv zbk hk ekx zgdfklg xbg jkgpelgexv }pkjpol akp vw}}kpxnej

fbndh vw}}kpx dozvwnxv% @gfowvg xbg~ bog odpgoh~ gr}gpngefgh vggpg fkeapkexoxnkev

znxb xbg aoxbgpv ka xbgnp fbndhpge$ xbg~ opg weznddnej xk kefg ojone fdovb znxb xbg

aoxbgpv hwpnej xbg }pkfgvv ka o dozvwnx% O v~vxgl zbnfb vnl}dnangv xbg andnej akp$

oeh grgfwxnke ka$ fbndh vw}}kpx nv ne eggh%

Ne Ckpgo$ xbg fkddgfxnke ka fbndh vw}}kpx nv o loxxgp xk `g xocge fopg ka `~ xbg

nekdgh }opxngv xbglvgdgv% Bkzggp$ ne xbg WV$ xbg Kaanfg ka Fbndh Vw}}kpx

Geakpfglgex KVFG. nv ne fbopjg ka fkddgfxnej oeh xpoevagppnej fbndh vw}}kpx ne

offkphoefg xk fkwpx pwdnejv% Xbg KFVG zkpcv znxb xbg Nexgpeod Pggewg Vgpnfg

NPV. xk nhgexna~ xbg olkwex ka nefklg oeh zgodxb ka o }opgex dnnej o}opx oeh

fkk}gpoxgv znxb xbg Aghgpod ]opgex Dkfoxkp Vgpnfg A]DV. akp dkfoxnej o }opgex

zbk bov aondgh xk }pknhg oe offwpoxg ohhpgvv kp bov vggpgh xngv Coej$ In Zke$

0=?=.% Ne xbg WV kp Jgploe~$ zbge o }opgex dnnej o}opx pgawvgv xk }pknhg fbndh

vw}}kpx kp foeekx }o~ xbg loehoxgh olkwex hwg xk dkvv ka ik kp kxbgp gfkeklnf

hnaanfwdxngv$ xbg jkgpelgex }o~v xbg fbndh vw}}kpx ke bnv kp bgp `gboda oeh fkddgfxv

xbg lkeg~ apkl xbg }opgex ne qwgvxnke zbge oe nefklg nv jgegpoxgh% Xbg ohk}xnke

ka vwfb }pofxnfgv vbkwdh `g fkevnhgpgh }kvnxngd~ xk `gxxgp gevwpg xbg zgdaopg ka

fbndhpge ne Ckpgo Coej$ In Zke$ 0=?=3 ]opc$ ^kwej Lgg$ 0=?=.%


18/247

rqn

Fkllwenx~ Fgexgp akp Vnejdg ]opgexv

Ov ka 0=?=$ ?: Fkllwenx~ Fgexgpv Vw}}kpxnej Vnejdg ]opgexv opg k}gpoxnej ne ?1

fnxngv kp }pknefgv ne Ckpgo% Xbg lone awefxnke ka vwfb fgexgpv nv }pknhnej vw}}kpx

vgpnfgv fkefgpenej fbndh npxb oeh fbndhfopg xk vnejdg }opgexv% Xbg fgexgpv }do~

oekxbgp nl}kpxoex pkdg ka neakplnej vnejdg }opgexv ka xbg opnkwv zgdaopg vgpnfgv

oeh pgvkwpfgv xbox xbg jkgpelgex kaagpv xk xbgl ov zgdd ov }wxxnej xbgl ne

fkexofx znxb pgdoxgh nevxnxwxnkev% Lkpg v}gfnanfodd~$ fkllwenx~ fgexgpv vw}}kpxnej

vnejdg }opgexv jng kwx hond~ egfgvvnxngv kp bkv}nxod aggv xk vnejdg }opgexv ponvnejxbgnp fbndhpge ke xbgnp kze zbk hk ekx qwodna~ akp `geganxv wehgp xbg E@DV vfbglg%

Xbg fgexgpv odvk vw}}kpx pgjnkeod vgda,bgd} lggxnejv ka vnejdg wezgh. lkxbgpv oeh

aoxbgpv oeh }pklkxg vxpgejxbgegh xngv olkej xbgl% Xbgvg fkllwenx~ fgexgpv ovvnvx

fbndh npxb fkvxv oeh fbndhpgev bkv}nxod aggv xk vnejdg,}opgexv ne ohhnxnke xk boehnej

kwx vw`vnhngv akp }wpfbovnej òvnf fbndhfopg vw}}dngv vwfb ov }kzhgpgh lndc oeh

hno}gpv% Oekxbgp nl}kpxoex awefxnke ka xbg fkllwenx~ fgexgpv nv vw}}kpxnej

ôej~wclnbkelkv ne anehnej glkxnkeod vxo ndnx~ oeh fo}ofnx~,`wndhnej `~ }pknhnej

fkevwdxoxnke vgpnfgv oeh ghwfoxnke kp fwdxwpod,gr}gpngefg }pkjpolv ov zgdd ov

ovvnvxnej wezgh lkxbgpv vgda,bgd} lggxnejv%

Xgge Vnejdg,]opgex Ovvnvxoefg ]pkjpol

Xbg jpgoxgvx vnjenanfoefg ka xbg Xgge Vnejdg,]opgex Vgda,Vw}}kpx Ovvnvxoefg

]pkjpol nv xbox nx ofcekzdghjgv oeh offg}xv xbg grnvxgefg ka xgge

ôej~wclnbkelkv poxbgp xboe pgjophnej xgge }pgjeoef~ oeh fbndh`npxb ov

hgdneqwgex `gbonkpv ov ne xbg }ovx% Xbg }pkjpol pgadgfxv o }kdnf~ o}}pkofb ka

kaanfnodd~ ofcekzdghjnej oeh vw}}kpxnej xgge wezgh lkxbgpv% Xbg }pkjpol$ zbnfb

zov }wx nexk }dofg xk }pggex xgge wezgh lkxbgpv apkl qwnxxnej xbgnp vxwhngv kp

jnnej w} xbgnp fbndh hwg xk vkfnod }pgiwhnfg ojonevx eke,lopnxod xgge }pgjeoef~$ nv

gr}gfxgh xk jng fkevnhgpo dg ovvnvxoefg xk xgge wezgh lkxbgpv ne }wpvwnej xbgnp

ghwfoxnke oeh fbndhfopg%

Nl}kpxoex agoxwpgv ka xbg }pkjpol nefdwhg gr}oehgh gdnjn ndnx~$ zbnfb ekz locgv

nx }kvvn`dg xk offg}x xgge vnejdg,}opgexv znxb nefklg dggdv w} xk ?7=' ka xbg

lnenlwl dnnej fkvxv nexk xbg }pkjpol$ oeh fbndhfopg oddkzoefg ka CPZ ?==$===$


19/247

rqnn

zbnfb nv hkw dg xbox ka xbg oddkzoefg jpoexgh wehgp xbg V]AV ]pkjpol% Lghnfod

aggv oeh xwnxnkev opg odvk ovvnvxgh%

Bkzggp$ xbg }pkjpol$ gvxo`dnvbgh xk vw}}kpx ôej~wclnbkelkv$ hkgv bog

dnlnxoxnkev9 nx nv kaagpgh ked~ xk vnejdg }opgexv ojgh 08 kp ~kwejgp% Offkphnej xk

grnvxnej vxwhngv kp vxoxnvxnfod hoxo oeod~vnv$ xbgpg nv o bnjbgp }pk}kpxnke ka

ôej~wclnbkelkv olkej wezgh lkxbgpv ne xbgnp doxg 0=v kp 6=v fkl}opgh xk

wezgh lkxbgpv ne xbgnp xggev% Xbgpgakpg$ na xbg òvnf hnpgfxnke ka xbg pgdoxgh }kdnf~

nv xk vw}}kpx xbg fbndhfopg ka wezgh lkxbgpv$ nx vbkwdh `g xbg ojg ka xbg fbndhpge$

poxbgp xboe xbox ka xbg vnejdg,}opgex$ xbox vbkwdh `g wvgh ov xbg fpnxgpno akp

vgdgfxnej xbg pgfn}ngexv ka xbg }pkjpolv `geganxv%

@% Eoxnkeod @ovnf Dnqgdnbkkh Vgfwpnx~ "E@DV. Vfbglg

Xbg lkvx nl}kpxoex zgdaopg `geganx xbox o dkz,nefklg ôej~wclnbkelk foe

pgfgng nv xbg Eoxnkeod @ovnf Dngdnbkkh Vgfwpnx~ E@DV. `geganxv% ]kxgexnod pgfn}ngexv

lwvx voxnva~ xbg gdnjn ndnx~ fpnxgpno ka Pgfkjenygh Olkwexv ka Nefklg$ zbnfb pgqwnpgv

xbox xbg }kxgexnod pgfn}ngexv nefklg dggd nv `gdkz xbg lnenlwl fkvx ka dnnej$ oeh

]gpvke Dno dg akp Vw}}kpxnej% Xbg Pgfkjenygh Olkwexv ka Nefklg fpnxgpno xocgv nexkfkevnhgpoxnke `kxb xbg nefklg oeh ovvgx olkwex ka xbg }kxgexnod pgfn}ngex zbndg xbg

]gpvke Dno dg akp Vw}}kpxnej fpnxgpno dkkcv ox xbg o ndnx~ ka xbg }kxgexnod pgfn}ngexv

dnegod pgdoxnke xk vw}}kpx xbg }kxgexnod pgfn}ngex% Keg ka xbg `njjgvx hnaanfwdxngv xbox o

ôej~wclnbkelk lo~ aofg nv xbg vggpg fkeapkexoxnkev vbg lo~ gr}gpngefg znxb bgp

aolnd~ hwg xk bgp eke,lopnxod }pgjeoef~% Kefg vbg hgfnhgv xk ponvg bgp fbndh$ xbg

glkxnkeod kp aneoefnod xngv vbg boh znxb bgp aolnd~ lo~ `g pw}xwpgh% O vgpnkwv

dkk}bkdg ka xbnv }pkjpol nv xbox loe~ ôej~wclnbkelkv$ zbk bog vggpgh xngv znxb

xbgnp aolnd~ oeh foeekx pgfgng oe~ ovvnvxoefg apkl xbgl$ opg akweh xk `g negdnjn dg

akp pgfgnnej `geganxv wehgp xbnv }pkjpol `gfowvg xbgnp }opgexv xbg ]gpvke Dno dg akp

Vw}}kpxnej wehgp xbg doz. bog `gge nhgexnangh ov `gnej aneoefnodd~ fo}o dg ka

vw}}kpxnej xbgl òvgh ke xbg }opgexv nefklg oeh ovvgx olkwex%

Xbg `geganxv }pknhgh wehgp xbg E@DV vfbglg nefdwhg dngdnbkkh `geganxv$

bkwvnej `geganxv$ ghwfoxnke `geganxv$ fbndh`npxb `geganxv$ oeh lghnfod `geganxv%

Bkwvnej `geganxv opg ekx }pknhgh xk pgfn}ngexv pgvnhnej ne o dnnej aofndnx~%


20/247

rqnnn

Lgoezbndg$ fbndh`npxb `geganxv ka CPZ 7==$=== opg jpoexgh akp ggp~ fbndh xbox nv

`kpe% Oe wezgh gr}gfxoex lkxbgp zbk }doev xk ponvg bgp fbndh ke bgp kze znxbkwx

pgvnhnej ne o aofndnx~ foe pgfgng xbg fbndh`npxb `geganxv kefg vbg bov `gge

hgvnjeoxgh ov o `geganfnop~ wehgp xbg E@DV vfbglg%

Xbgpg opg xzk x~}gv ka `geganfnopngv wehgp xbg E@DV vfbglg9 keg nv xbg jgegpod

pgfn}ngex zbk pgvnhgv ne o }dofg ka pgvnhgefg kxbgp xboe o aofndnx~ oeh oekxbgp nv xbg

v}gfnod aofndnx~,pgvnhgex. pgfn}ngex zbk pgfgngv xbg `geganxv zbndg vxo~nej ne o

aofndnx~% Wezgh lkxbgpv zbk opg ohlnxxgh nexk loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lkiovnvgkd. kp

loxgpenx~ bklgv Lkiozke. pgfgng E@DV `geganxv ov v}gfnod aofndnx~,pgvnhgex.

pgfn}ngexv% Ne }pnefn}dg$ ekx odd ka xbg wezgh lkxbgpv vxo~nej ox xbg aofndnxngv opg

hgvnjeoxgh ov E@DV pgfn}ngexv% Volg ov xbg jgegpod pgfn}ngexv$ xbg~ xkk lwvx lggx

xbg gdnjn`ndnx~ fpnxgpno ka Pgfkjenygh Olkwexv ka Nefklg oeh ]gpvke Dno`dg akp

Vw}}kpx% Bkzggp$ ne xbg fovg ka ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk aodd wehgp xbg foxgjkp~ ka

v}gfnod aofndnx~,pgvnhgex. pgfn}ngexv$ xbg ]gpvke Dno dg akp Vw}}kpx fpnxgpno lo~ `g

o}}dngh ne o lkpg dgengex loeegp xboe nv xbg fovg ka jgegpod pgfn}ngexv%

F% Fbndhfopg Vw}}kpx V~vxgl

Jkgpelgex vw}}kpx vgpnfgv akp fbndhfopg jpgoxd~ nl}pkgh oaxgp xbg ~gop 0===

zbge Ckpgov dkz,`npxb poxg vwpaofgh ov o fdgop vkfnod nvvwg% Ne vxwhngv ka xbg gopd~

0===v$ xbg jpgoxgvx fboddgejg ka o ôej~wclnbkelk pgopnej o fbndh oeh gejojnej ne

gfkeklnf ofxnnxngv zov akweh xk `g fbndhfopg% Fbndhfopg vw}}kpx nv oe gaagfxng

lgovwpg xbox foe bgd} ôej~wclnbkelkv `g vgda,vwvxoneo`dg znxbkwx aoddnej nexk

}kgpx~ ov xbg~ vbkwdhgp xbg pgv}kevn ndnx~ ka fbndhfopg oeh dngdnbkkh ofxnnxngv%

Xbg jkgpelgex nv }pknhnej fbndhfopg vw}}kpx vgpnfgv ke opnkwv dggdv% Ne xbg

fovg ka qwodna~nej aolndngv znxb fbndhpge wehgp xbg ojg ka akwp$ hnaagpgexnoxgh

olkwexv ka fbndhfopg vw vnhngv opg }pknhgh$ znxb vw vnh~ olkwexv hg}gehnej ke

xbgnp dggd ka nefklg oeh ojg ka fbndhpge% ôej~wclnbkelkv foe odvk pgfgng

ovvnvxoefg xbpkwjb o }pkjpol xbox vw}}kpxv fbndhfopg fkvxv akp }pgvfbkkdgpv ojgh 7

~gopv kp ~kwejgp oeh oaxgp,vfbkkd fbndhfopg fkvxv akp fbndhpge wehgp ?6 zbk opg

oxxgehnej vfbkkd% Jkgpelgex vw}}kpx akp fbndhfopg ka neaoexv oeh xkhhdgpv bog

jpgoxd~ nl}pkgh fkl}opgh xk xbg gopd~ 0===v$ }pknhnej lwfb ovvnvxoefg xk

ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk lwvx ovvwlg xbg hwod pgv}kevn ndnx~ ka zkpc oeh fbndhfopg%


21/247

rnr

Bkzggp$ hgv}nxg xbg grxgevng fbndhfopg vw}}kpx ka xbg jkgpelgex$ wezgh

lkxbgpv lwvx vxndd ovvwlg xbg fkvx ka v}gfnod ofxnnx~ aggv$ dwefb lkeg~$ xgofbnej

loxgpnod gr}gevgv$ oeh angdh xpn} gr}gevgv zbge vgehnej xbgnp fbndhpge xk ho~ fopg

fgexgpv kp cnehgpjopxgev% Ovnhg apkl xbg fbndhfopg vw vnhngv akp fbndhpge gepkddgh ne

fbndhfopg aofndnxngv kp }pkjpolv$ CPZ ?==$=== nv }pknhgh lkexbd~ ov fbndhfopg

oddkzoefg akp }opgexv zbk dkkc oaxgp xbgnp fbndhpge ojgh wehgp 08 lkexbv ke xbgnp

kze znxbkwx wvnej oe~ fbndhfopg vgpnfgv% Zbge xbg nefklg olkwex ka o

ôej~wclnbkelk bkwvgbkdh aoddv wehgp xbg dkzgvx kp vgfkeh dkzgvx nefklg `pofcgx$

xbg ôej~wclnbkelk foe fbkkvg xk dkkc oaxgp bgp fbndh ox bklg znxbkwx vgehnej

xbg fbndh xk o fbndhfopg aofndnx~ oeh pgfgng xbg fbndhfopg oddkzoefg%

Xbg Ckpgoe jkgpelgex }pknhgv ne,bklg fbndhfopg vgpnfgv xk bkwvgbkdhv znxb

fbndhpge ka xbpgg lkexbv xk ?0 ~gopv$ zbkvg nefklg dggdv opg `gdkz xbg eoxnkeod

ogpojg% Odxbkwjb xbg ne,bklg fbndhfopg vgpnfgv bov `gge ka jpgox ovvnvxoefg xk

xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk opg ne eggh ka fbndhpgopnej vw}}kpx hwg xk xbgnp ik`v kp

vxwhngv$ xbg `whjgx akp vwfb vgpnfgv bog `gge pghwfgh oeh ohhnxnkeod aggv bog

nefpgovgh$ xbgpg`~ locnej nx `wphgevklg akp xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv xk wvg xbg

vgpnfg%

Hgv}nxg xbg jpgoxd~ nl}pkgh fbndhfopg vw}}kpx genpkelgex$ ponvnej o fbndh kekegv kze pglonev o jpgox fboddgejg akp xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv dnnej ne Ckpgo

cekze akp o zkpcnej genpkelgex ne zbnfb kgpxnlg zkpc bkwpv oeh oaxgp,bkwp

vxoaa jgx,xkjgxbgpv pglone ov fkllke }pofxnfg% Jnge xbg fkp}kpoxg fwdxwpg ka

Ckpgo zbnfb locgv nx hnaanfwdx akp nehnnhwodv xk oknh zkpcnej kgpxnlg ne xbg

ggenej oeh oxxgehnej oaxgp,zkpc hneegpv oeh hpnecv$ adgrn dg fbndhfopg vgpnfgv

vwfb ov xbg ne,bklg fbndhfopg vgpnfg vbkwdh `g gr}oehgh%

H% Bgodxbfopg oeh Ewxpnxnke Vgpqnfgv

Bgodxbfopg vgpnfgv opg oondo`dg xk wezgh lkxbgpv `gakpg oeh oaxgp fbndh`npxb

xbpkwjb loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd.$ Fkllwenx~ Fgexgpv akp Vnejdg

]opgexv$ oeh fbndh npxb `geganxv wehgp xbg E@DV vfbglg% Ne ohhnxnke$ }w`dnf bgodxb

fgexgpv xbpkwjbkwx xbg fkwexp~ odvk kaagp }pgeoxod oeh }kvx}opxwl bgodxb vgpnfgv%

]pgeoxod `dkkh xgvxv$ wpneg xgvxv$ fbgvx r,po~v$ oeh wdxpovkweh xgvxv$ odkej znxb

}pgjeoef~ wdxpovkwehv$ pw`gddo oexn kh~ xgvxv$ oeh qwoh vfpggenejv opg }pknhgh akp


22/247

rr

apgg% Ne ohhnxnke$ offnegv akp xw gpfwdkvnv$ hn}bxbgpno$ }kdnk$ x~}bknh$ oeh opnfgddo

opg jnge xk neaoexv oeh xkhhdgpv akp apgg ka fbopjg% Xbg Eoxnkeod Bgodxb Nevwpoefg

Fkp}kpoxnke EBNF. bov o }pkjpol xbox vw}}kpxv }pgjeoex zklge w} xk CPZ

6==$=== xbpkwjb o kwfbgp foph Jkgwelkl foph.%

Eoxnkeznhg }w`dnf bgodxb fgexgpv kaagp o loxgpeod oeh egz`kpe bklg fopg

ovvnvxoex vw}}kpx }pkjpol xk aolndngv znxb o egz`kpe fbndh zbkvg nefklg dggd hkgv

ekx grfggh 7=' ka xbg eoxnkeod ogpojg bkwvgbkdh nefklg% O}}dnfoxnkev akp xbg

}pkjpol foe `g vw`lnxxgh xk dkfod }w`dnf bgodxb fgexgpv ov gopd~ ov xzk lkexbv

`gakpg$ oeh ov doxg ov 0= ho~v oaxgp$ o fbndh nv `kpe% Xbg bklg fopg ovvnvxoex vgpnfg

nv }pknhgh akp xzk zggcv oeh xbg olkwex xbox xbg vgpnfg pgfn}ngex aolnd~ lwvx

ovvwlg hnaagpv$ hg}gehnej ke nxv dggd ka nefklg% Lgoezbndg$ 07= }w`dnf bgodxb

fgexgpv ne ?1 fnxngv oeh }pknefgv ofpkvv xbg fkwexp~ opg k}gpoxnej xbg Ewxpnxnke

]dwv }pkjpol% Gdnjn dg }pkjpol }opxnfn}oexv$ bkwvgbkdhv znxb nefklg dggd xbox hkgv

ekx grfggh 0==' ka xbg ogpojg eoxnkeod bkwvgbkdh nefklg$ opg }pknhgh znxb

ewxpnxnke,pgdoxgh ghwfoxnke oeh fkevwdxnej vgpnfgv ne ohhnxnke xk lgod }ofcojgv

fkl}kvgh ka akkh xbox bog `gge }pgvfpn gh xk xbg aolndngv `ovgh ke xbgnp ewxpnxnke

hoxo oeod~vnv% Lgod }ofcojgv nefdwhg nxglv vwfb ov pnfg$ }kxoxkgv$ gjjv$ lndc$ `dofc

`goev$ vgozggh$ foppkxv$ foeegh xweov$ xoejgpnegv$ oeh kpoejg iwnfg% O}}dnfoexvwvwodd~ grfggh xbg pgvxpnfxgh ewl`gp ka }gk}dg xbox foe `g offg}xgh nexk xbg

}pkjpol hwg xk o dnlnxgh `whjgx% ]kxgexnod bgodxb oeh ewxpnxnke pnvcv ka o}}dnfoexv

opg fkevnhgpgh zbge vgdgfxnej }pkjpol }opxnfn}oexv$ znxb }pnkpnx~ jnge xk neaoexv

oeh xkhhdgpv$ gr}gfxnej lkxbgpv$ oeh `pgovx,agghnej lkxbgpv% Zbge hgxgplnenej xbg

}pnkpnx~ kphgp ka o}}dnfoexv$ o ewl`gp ka aofxkpv ovnhg apkl ewxpnxnke oeh bgodxb

fkehnxnkev opg odvk fkevnhgpgh% Vwfb aofxkpv nefdwhg9 nefklg olkwex3 ewl`gp ka keg

kp xzk ~gop,kdh fbndhpge ne xbg aolnd~3 oeh zbgxbgp xbg aolnd~ nv o

jpoeh}opgex,jpoehfbndh aolnd~$ o vnejdg,}opgex aolnd~$ kp oe wezgh lkxbgp aolnd~%


23/247

rrn

% Gfkeklnf Vnxwoxnkev ka ôej~wclnbkelkv

O% Hoxo Hgvfpn}xnke

Xbg loikpnx~ ka ôej~wclnbkelk fovgv fkddgfxgh wehgp xbg 0=?= vwpg~$ zbnfb nv

opkweh 21%0' ka xbg xkxod$ pgvnhgh ne fkllwenx~$ o anehnej xbox hnaagpgh apkl xbg

pgvwdxv ka grnvxnej vxwhngv zbnfb loned~ fkddgfxgh hoxo apkl aofndnx~,hzgddnej

ôej~wclnbkelkv% Dkkcnej ox xbg ojg hnvxpn`wxnke ka ôej~wclnbkelkv ne xbg

0=?= vwpg~ ka xbnv vxwh~$ ked~ 6%8' ka xbg xkxod zgpg akweh xk `g zklge ojgh ?>kp ~kwejgp$ o fkevnhgpo`dg opnoxnke apkl xbg 01' pg}pgvgexgh ne xbg hoxo ka

loxgpenx~ aofndnx~ Lnbkelkvnvgkd. neloxgv fkddgfxgh `~ xbg jkgpelgex ne 0==>%

Xbkvg ojgh wehgp 07 offkwexgh akp ked~ 0?%6' ka xbg xkxod$ kefg ojone vnjenanfoexd~

hgnoxnej apkl xbg 16' pg}pgvgexgh ne xbg 0==> jkgpelgex hoxo ka wezgh lkxbgpv

pgvnhnej ne loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv Lnbkelkvnvgkd.% Wezgh lkxbgpv ne xbg 07 xk 0> oeh

xbg 6= oeh kgp ojg jpkw}v offkwexgh akp 8=%0' oeh 62%7' ka xbg xkxod$ pgv}gfxngd~%

Ne vbkpx$ vwpg~ }opxnfn}oexv ojgh 07 kp kdhgp pg}pgvgexgh :2%:' ka xbg xkxod$

lgoenej xbox lkvx ka xbg vwpg~ vw igfxv opg hnvxpn wxgh ne xbg lnh,0=v xk doxg,0=v

oeh 6=v ojg jpkw}%Xbg aofx xbox xbg vwpg~ }opxnfn}oexv ka xbg 0=?= ôej~wclnbkelk hoxo nl}dngv

xbox xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk hk ekx xwpe xk opnkwv wezgh lkxbgp aofndnxngv xgeh

xk `g kdhgp xboe xbkvg zbk hk pgvnhg ne xbg aofndnxngv% Ov foe `g vgge$ xbg ojg

hnvxpn wxnke ka wezgh lkxbgpv opngv$ hg}gehnej ke xbg nefkp}kpoxgh vol}dnej

lgxbkh kp vwpg~ gewg% Zbge fkl}pgbgevngd~ pgngznej xbg ojg hnvxpn wxnke oeh

vwpg~ gewg ka xbg opnkwv vxwh~ hoxo$ wehgpvxoehnej ka kgpodd wezgh lkxbgpv

foe `g geboefgh%


24/247

rrnn

"Wenx9 '.

6%8

?:%>

8=%062%7

=

7

?=

?7

0=

07

6=

67

8=

87


Vkwpfg9 0=?= ^oej~wclnbkelk Hoxo Fkl}ndgh wehgp Xbnv Vxwh~

4Anjwpg ?5 Ojg Hnvxpn`wxnke ka ^oej~wclnbkelkv ne 0=?= Vxwh~

Wezgh lkxbgpv zbkvg fbndhpge opg wehgp ?0 lkexbv offkwexgh akp 66%6' ka xbg

xkxod ne xbg 0=?= hoxo% Oeh xbg ?2 xk 61 lkexbv jpkw} pg}pgvgexgh 01%7' zbndg xbg

61 lkexbv kp kdhgp jpkw} 07%1' ka xbg xkxod ne xbg 0=?= vxwh~%

"Wenx9 '.

? 0 % 2

0 = % 7

? 8 % 7

0 1 % 70 7 % 1

=

7

? =

? 7

0 =

0 7

6 =

W e h g p 1

L k e x b v

1 , W e h g p ? 0

L k e x b v

? 0 , W e h g p ? 2

L k e x b v

? 2 , W e h g p 6 1

L k e x b v

6 1 L k e x b v k p

K d h g p


4Anjwpg 05 Ojg Hnvxpn`wxnke ka Fbndhpge ka Wezgh Lkxbgpv


25/247

rrnnn

"Wenx9 '.

8:%8

?6%2?:%0

>%7

1%=0%1

%>

0%1

=

7

?=

?7

0=

07

6=

67

8=

87

7=

Kze Bklg Aofndnx~ Bklg ka

]opgexv

Bklg ka

Vn`dnej

Bklg ka

Apngeh

Bklg ka

Pgdoxng

Bklg ka

Ofqwonexoefg

Kxbgp


4Anjwpg 65 Pgvnhgefg ka Pgv}kehgexv

Xbg }dofg ka pgvnhgefg ka ôej~wclnbkelkv ne xbg 0=?= vxwh~ odvk hnaagpgh

jpgoxd~ apkl xbg pgvwdxv akweh ne grnvxnej vxwhngv% Ked~ ?6%2' ka xbg xkxod zov

akweh xk dng ne aofndnxngv akp wezgh lkxbgpv zbndg xbg pglonenej pgv}kehgexv

pgvnhgh ne fkllwenx~% 8:%8' ka xbg vw igfxv nebo`nxgh ne xbgnp kze bklgv$ ?:%0' nexbg bklg ka xbgnp }opgexv$ >%7' ne xbg bklg ka xbgnp vn dnejv$ oeh 1%=' ne xbg bklg

ka xbgnp apngehv vgg 4Anjwpg ,65.% Ov foe `g nhgexnangh ne xbgvg anjwpgv$

o}}pkrnloxgd~ 8=' ka odd vwìgfxv zgpg vxo~nej ne o bklg ka vklgkeg kxbgp xboe

xbglvgdgv vwfb ov xbgnp }opgexv% Lkvx ka xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv ne xbg 0=?= vwpg~

zgpg akweh xk `g dnnej ne fkllwenx~%

@% Pgvnhgefg Fkehnxnkev kaôej~wclnbkelkv

Offkphnej xk xbg 0=?= ôej~wclnbkelk vxwh~$ ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk pgvnhgh ne

o loxgpenx~ aofndnx~ Lnbkelkvnvgkd. ox xbg xnlg ka fbndh npxb offkwexgh akp 81%:' ka

xbg xkxod$ znxb xbg pglonenej 76%6' bonej jnge `npxb xk xbgnp fbndhpge znxbkwx xbg

ovvnvxoefg ka o loxgpenx~ aofndnx~ Lnbkelkvnvgkd.% Xbg loxgpenx~ aofndnx~

Lnbkelkvnvgkd. wxndnyoxnke poxg ox xbg xnlg ka fbndh npxb hnaagpgh `~ ojg jpkw}v%

Xbg anjwpgv vbkz xbox xbg }pk}kpxnke ka loxgpenx~ aofndnx~ Lnbkelkvnvgkd. wvgpv ox

xbg xnlg ka fbndh npxb nv pgdoxngd~ bnjb olkej xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv ojgh 08 oeh


26/247

rrnq

wehgp% Lgoezbndg$ ked~ 87%7' ka ôej~wclnbkelkv ojgh 07 xk 0> oeh 8=' ka xbkvg

kgp 6= pg}dngh xbox xbg~ boh pgvnhgh ne o loxgpenx~ aofndnx~ Lnbkelkvnvgkd. ox xbg

xnlg ka fbndh`npxb$ vbkznej wv xbox xbg }pk}kpxnke ka ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk boh

xwpegh xk o loxgpenx~ aofndnx~ Lnbkelkvnvgkd. akp fbndh`npxb ne xbg kdhgp ojg jpkw}v

zov dkzgp xboe xbkvg zbk boh ekx% Odxbkwjb nx lo~ `g hnaanfwdx xk jgegpodnyg xbg

pgvwdxv ka xbnv vwpg~$ zg foe ovvwlg xbox xbg }pk}kpxnke ka xbg lkxbgpv wehgp,07

vxo~nej ne loxgpenx~ aofndnxngv nv pgdoxngd~ bnjbgp xboe xbox ka xbg kdhgp ojg

jpkw}Lnbkelkvnvgkwd.% Zbge fkevnhgpnej xbox xbg hoxo ka }pgnkwv wezgh lkxbgp

vxwhngv zgpg loned~ òvgh ke wezgh lkxbgpv pgvnhnej ne aofndnxngv oeh xbox xbgnp

ojgv opg pgdoxngd~ ~kwejgp xboe xbg vwìgfxv ka xbg 0=?= vxwh~$ zg foe fkefdwhg

xbox xbg ojg ka wezgh lkxbgpv zbk bog ekx wxndnygh aofndnxngv nv pgdoxngd~ bnjbgp

xboe xbkvg zbk bog%

"Wenx9 '.

? = =

7 0 % >8 7 % 7

8 =

=

8 : % ?7 8 % 7 1 =

=

0 =

8 =

1 =

2 =

? = =

? 0 =

O jg v ? > k p k w e jg p O jg v 0 = ,0 8 O jg v 0 7 ,0 > O jg v 6 = k p K dh g p

^g v Ek


4Anjwpg ,85 Wvg ka Loxgpenx~ Aofndnx~ "Lnbkelkvnvgkd. `~ Ojg


27/247

rrq

"Wenx9 '.

81%:

8=61%>

>%0 >%0

8%1

=

7

?=

?7

0=

07

6=

67

8=

87

7=

Aofndnx~ Kze Bklg Bklg ka

]opgexv

Bklg ka V n dnej Bklg ka Apngeh Bklg ka

Oqwonexoefg

Vkwpfg9 0=?= ôej~wclnbkelk Hoxo Fkl}ndgh Wehgp Xbnv Vxwh~Ekxg9 @op xk xbg aop dgax vbkzv xbox xbg poxnk ka pgv}kehgexv zbk pgvnhgh ox o aofndnx~ `gakpg

kp oaxgp jnnej `npxb nv 81%:'$ zbnfb odvk vnjenangv xbox 76%6' jog `npxb xk fbndh znxbkwx wxndnynej o aofndnx~% Xbg ang òpv xk xbg pnjbx hnv}do~ xbg hnvxpn wxnke ka }dofgvne zbnfb xbg pgv}kehgexv zbk jog `npxb ox o gewg kxbgp xboe o aofndnx~ pgvnhgh`gakpg oeh oaxgp fbndh npxb% Xbg vwl ka xbg }gpfgexojg ka xbg ang òpv gqwodv ?=='%

4Anjwpg

75 Pgvnhgefg @gakpg oeh Oaxgp Jnqnej @npxb

81%:' ka vwpg~ pgv}kehgexv jog npxb xk xbgnp fbndh ne o aofndnx~ zbndg lkpg xboe

boda ka xbg vwpg~ }opxnfn}oexv$ 76%6'$ jog `npxb ne fkllwenx~% Keg xbnph ka xbg

xkxod ne xbg 0=?= vwpg~ opg ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk boh pgvnhgh ne aofndnxngv akp

fbndh npxb kp fbndh pgopnej `wx opg ekz dnnej ne fkllwenx~%

Zbgpg hnh xbg lkxbgpv ne fkllwenx~ vxo~ ov xbg~ }pg}opgh akp fbndh npxb oeh

dkkcgh oaxgp xbglvgdgv hwpnej xbg }kvx}opxwl }gpnkh; 4Anjwpg ,75 vbkzv xbg

hnvxpn wxnke ka ôej~wclnbkelkv }dofg ka pgvnhgefg ox xbg xnlg ka fbndh`npxb%

Olkej xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk hnh ekx vxo~ ne aofndnxngv$ 8=' zgpg akweh xk

bog vxo~gh ne xbgnp kze bklgv$ 61%>' ne xbgnp }opgexv bklg$ oeh >%0' ne xbgnp

vn dnejv bklg%


28/247

rrqn

F% Nefklg Dgqgd kaôej~wclnbkelkv

Nefklg Dgqgd

Ne xbnv fbo}xgp$ nefklg dggd ka ôej~wclnbkelkv zndd `g pgngzgh wvnej xbg

0==> oeh 0=?= hoxo% 70%?' ka xbg 0=?= pgv}kehgexv gopegh nefklg xbpkwjb

gl}dk~lgex ofxnnxngv zbndg 8:%>' zgpg akweh xk bog ek gopegh nefklg% Znxbkwx

oe~ gopegh nefklg$ bkz opg xbgvg zklge o`dg xk vw}}kpx fbndh pgopnej gr}gevgv; O

pgngz ka nefklg jgegpoxnke `~ vkwpfg zov foppngh kwx znxb xbg }kvvn ndnx~ ka

pgv}kehgexv bonej lkpg xboe keg nefklg vkwpfg xocge nexk offkwex% Qopnkwv

vkwpfgv ka nefklg zgpg nhgexnangh xbpkwjb xbnv pgngz9 78%:' ka xbg xkxod zgpg

akweh xk bog nefklg jgegpoxgh xbpkwjb `geganxv wehgp xbg E@DV vfbglg$ 00%0'

xbpkwjb V]AV `geganxv$ ?2%2' apkl ovvnvxoefg apkl }opgexv+vn`dnejv$ oeh 2%1'

xbpkwjb xbg aneoefnod ovvnvxoefg ka xbg fbndhv aoxbgp ka xbg aolnd~ ka xbg fbndhv

aoxbgp%6.

4Xo`dg ,?5 Nefklg Jgegpoxnke `~ Nefklg Vkwpfg"Wenx9 '$ ]gpvkev.

Nefklg Vkwpfg Nefklg JgegpoxnkePgjwdop gl}dk~lgex ofxnqnxngv 70%?' "1? }gpvkev.

E@DV `geganxv 78%: "18.

Vnejdg,]opgex Aolnd~ Vw}}kpx `geganxv 00%0 "01.

]opx,xnlg ik` 1%2 "2.

Aneoefnod Ovvnvxoefg apkl }opgex+vn`dnej ?2%2 "00.

Aneoefnod Ovvnvxoefg apkl apngeh+pgdoxnqg ?%2 "0.

Aneoefnod ovvnvxoefg apkl aoxbgp ka fbndh+aolnd~ ka aoxbgp ka fbndh 2%1 "?=.

Kxbgp 8%6 "7.


Dgxv xocg o dkkc ox bkz nefklg dggdv op~ `~ ôej~wclnbkelkv

fbopofxgpnvxnfv$ wvnej xbg 0=?= hoxo oeod~vnv% Anpvx$ dgxv pgngz na xbgpg nv o

6. Nefklg jgegpoxgh apkl gl}dk~lgex ofxnnxngv oeh }opx,xnlg ik v opg odd offkwexgh

ov gopegh nefklg% Gl}dk~lgex ofxnnxngv$ ne fkl}opnvke znxb }opx,xnlg ik v$ pgagp

xk awdd,xnlg zkpc ke o fkexnewkwv òvnv%


29/247

rrqnn

hnaagpgefg ne xbg dggd ka nefklg `gxzgge ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk bog oeh hk ekx

bog o aofndnx~ gr}gpngefg% 4Anjwpg NQ,15 `gdkz hnv}do~v xbg jpkvv nefklg

hnvxpn wxnke `~ aofndnx~ gr}gpngefg% Kgpodd$ ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk bog pgvnhgh ne

aofndnxngv bog o pgdoxngd~ dkzgp nefklg dggd fkl}opgh xk xbkvg zbk bog ekx%

ôej~wclnbkelkv znxb oe nefklg dggd wehgp CPZ keg lnddnke offkwexv akp 71%>'

ka pgv}kehgexv zbk bog pgvnhgh ne aofndnxngv$ zbgpgov ked~ 60%0' ka xbg eke,aofndnx~

wvgpv aodd wehgp xbnv nefklg `pofcgx% Ke xbg kxbgp boeh$ ked~ ?7%:' ka aofndnx~ wvgpv

bog nefklg dggdv ka CPZ ?%7 lnddnke kp lkpg$ `wx xbnv anjwpg nefpgovgv `~

xzk,akdhv xk 67%7' ne xbg eke,aofndnx~ wvgp jpkw}% Nx zkwdh `g neoffwpoxg xk

nexgp}pgx xbg hoxo ov xbg aofndnx~ wxndnyoxnke gr}gpngefg `pnejnej hkze kegv nefklg

dggd% Poxbgp$ nx vbkwdh `g nexgp}pgxgh xbox xbgpg grnvxv o vkfnkgfkeklnf jo} olkej

xbg xzk jpkw}v `gakpg xbg~ `gfklg wezgh lkxbgpv%

"Wenx9 '.

??%2

87%?

0:%7

??%2

6%> 6%8

02%260%0

?2%1?1%>

=

7

?=

?7

0=

07

6=

67

8=

87

7=

Dgvv xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$=== xk

dgvv xboe

CPZ ? lnd%

CPZ ? lnd%

xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

?%7 lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

0 lnd%

CPZ 0 lnd%

kp Lkpg

Dgvv xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$=== xk

dgvv xboe

CPZ ? lnd%

CPZ ? lnd%

xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

?%7 lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

0 lnd%

CPZ 0 lnd%

kp Lkpg

Bog Wvgh Aofndnx~ Bog Ekx Wvgh Aofndnx~

Vkwpfg9 0=?= ôej~wclnbkelk Hoxo Fkl}ndgh Wehgp Xbnv Vxwh~

4Anjwpg ,15 Jpkvv Nefklg Hnvxpn`wxnke ka Aofndnx~ Wvgpv oeh Eke,Wvgpv


30/247

rrqnnn

"Wenx9 '.

71%6

6?%6

?0%7

= =7%7

0:%6

62%?

?2%0

?=%>

=

?=

0=

6=

8=

7=

1=

Dgvv xboeCPZ

7==$===

CPZ7==$=== xk

dgvv xboe

CPZ ? lnd%

CPZ ? lnd%xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

?%7 lnd

CPZ ?%7lnd% xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

0 lnd%

CPZ 0 lnd%kp Lkpg

Dgvv xboeCPZ

7==$===

CPZ7==$=== xk

dgvv xboe

CPZ ? lnd%

CPZ ? lnd%xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

?%7 lnd

CPZ ?%7lnd% xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

0 lnd%

CPZ 0 lnd%kp Lkpg

Aofndnx~ Kze Bklg


4Anjwpg ,:5 Hnvxpn`wxnke ka Fwppgex Jpkvv Nefklg `~ Pgvnhgefg N

"Wenx9 '.

07

87

07

7

=

8

888=

2

8

=

7

?=

?7

0=

07

6=

67

8=

87

7=

Dgvv xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$=== xk

dgvv xboe

CPZ ? lnd%

CPZ ? lnd%

xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

?%7 lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

0 lnd%

CPZ 0 lnd%

kp Lkpg

Dgvv xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$=== xk

dgvv xboe

CPZ ? lnd%

CPZ ? lnd%

xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

?%7 lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk dgvv

xboe CPZ

0 lnd%

CPZ 0 lnd%

kp Lkpg

Bklg ka ]opgexv Kxbgpv

Vkwpfg9 0=?= ^oej~wclnbkelk Hoxo Fkl}ndgh wehgp Xbnv Vxwh~Ekxg9 Kxbgp nefdwhgv Bklg ka Vn dnej$ Bklg ka Apngeh$ Bklg ka Pgdoxng$ Bklg ka

Ofqwonexoefg oeh Kxbgp%

4Anjwpg ,25 Hnvxpn`wxnke ka Fwppgex Jpkvv Nefklg `~ Pgvnhgefg NN


31/247

rrnr

Zbge dkkcnej ox xbg fwppgex nefklg hnvxpn wxnke `~ pgvnhgefg$ nx foe `g akweh xbox

xbg pgv}kehgexv pgvnhnej ne o aofndnx~ kp xbgnp }opgexv bklg opg lkpg dncgd~ xk bog

o dkz dggd ka nefklg% 71%6'$ 07'$ 7%7'$ oeh 8' ka ^oej~wclnbkelkv dnnej ne o

aofndnx~$ xbgnp }opgexv bklg$ kegv kze bklg$ oeh kxbgp }dofg ka pgvnhgefg$

pgv}gfxngd~$ boh oe nefklg ka CPZ 7==$=== kp dgvv% Lgoezbndg$ 0>%?' ka

pgv}kehgexv pgvnhnej ne xbgnp kze bklg zgpg akweh xk bog oe nefklg dggd ka

CPZ?%7 lnddnke kp lkpg$ zbgpgov ked~ 7' ka xbkvg pgvnhnej ne xbg bklg ka o }opgex

oeh ?0' ka xbkvg ne xbg kxbgp foxgjkp~ loxfbgh xbnv nefklg dggd% Xbgvg vxoxnvxnfv

vbkwdh odvk `g nexgp}pgxgh ov xbg ^oej~wclnbkelkv }dofg ka pgvnhgefg hnaagpnej `~

xbgnp vkfnkgfkeklnf fo}ofnx~ poxbgp xboe xbgnp fwppgex }dofg ka pgvnhgefg oaagfxnej

xbgnp nefklg dggd%

"Wenx9 '.

?0

88

01

?=2

6%0

82%8

07%2

?0%>>%:

6%6

?=

86%6

01%:

?1%:

=

?=

0=

6=

8=

7=

1=

Dgvv

xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$===

xk dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?

lnd%

CPZ ?

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?%7

lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ 0

lnd%

CPZ 0

lnd% kp

Lkpg

Dgvv

xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$===

xk dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?

lnd%

CPZ ?

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?%7

lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ 0

lnd%

CPZ 0

lnd% kp

Lkpg

Dgvv

xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$===

xk dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?

lnd%

CPZ ?

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?%7

lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ 0

lnd%

CPZ 0

lnd% kp

Lkpg

= Lkexbv u Wehgp ?2 Lkexbv ?2 Lkexbv u Wehgp 61 Lkexbv 61 Lkexbv kp Kdhgp


4Anjwpg ,>5 Hnvxpn`wxnke ka Jpkvv Nefklg `~ Fbndh v Ojg

Nx nv o zgdd cekze aofx xbox bonej o ~kwej fbndh xk fopg akp vgpgv ov o opno dg

zbnfb bnehgpv xbg gfkeklnf ofxnnx~ ka zklge% Ne kphgp xk nhgexna~ xbg nefklg


32/247

rrr

hnvxpn wxnke `~ xbg pgv}kehgexv fbndhpgev ojg$ xbg fbndhpge zgpg foxgjkpnygh nexk

xbpgg jpkw}v9 = xk?2 lkexbv$ ?2 xk 61 lkexbv$ oeh kgp,61,lkexbv% Xbg nefklg

hnvxpn`wxnke ka gofb ojg jpkw} nv }pgvgexgh ne 4Anjwpg NQ,>5% Xbg ~kwejgp xbg

fbndhpge opg$ xbg dkzgp xbg nefklg dggd zov akweh xk `g% Odxbkwjb xbg nefklg dggd

ka xbg =,?2 lkexb oeh xbg ?2,61 lkexb ojg jpkw} hkgv ekx op~ vnjenanfoexd~$ xbgpg

nv o nnh hnaagpgefg ne xbg nefklg dggd ka xbkvg wehgp 61 lkexbv fkl}opgh xk xbox

ka xbg kgp,61,lkexb jpkw}% Ked~ ?6%6' ka xbg kgp,61,lkexbv jpkw} hnv}do~gh oe

nefklg dggd ka dgvv xboe CPZ keg lnddnke$ zbgpgov ne xbg =,?2 lkexbv ojg jpkw}

oeh xbg ?2,61 lkexbv jpkw}$ xbg poxg iwl}gh xk 71' oeh 7?%1'$ pgv}gfxngd~% Xbg

anehnejv vwjjgvx xbox gfkeklnf ofxnnxngv ka ^oej~wclnbkelkv znxb fbndhpge wehgp

ojg xbpgg foe `g dnlnxgh%

Dgqgd ka V}gehnej

Xbg dggd ka v}gehnej `~ ^oej~wclnbkelk bkwvgbkdhv opngv$ hg}gehnej ke xbg

ojg ka xbg fbndhpge% Oaxgp foxgjkpnynej xbg pgv}kehgexv fbndhpge nexk xbg xbpgg

jpkw}v ka =,?2 lkexbv$ ?2,61 lkexbv$ oeh kgp 61 lkexbv$ oe oeod~vnv xk nhgexna~

xbg xkxod lkexbd~ v}gehnej `~ xbg ojg ka xbg fbndhpge zov foppngh kwx% Xbg oeod~vnv

pggodgh xbox xbg kdhgp xbg fbndhpge$ xbg jpgoxgp xbg olkwex ka v}gehnej% Xbkvg zbk

v}gex dgvv xboe CPZ ? lnddnke ne xkxod lkexbd~ v}gehnej znxbne gofb jpkw} ka xbg

= xk ?2 lkexbv$ ?2 xk 61 lkexbv oeh kgp 61 lkexbv$ offkwexgh akp 72%?'$ 82%8'

oeh 61%:' ka xbg vwpg~gh$ pgv}gfxngd~% Ke xbg kxbgp boeh$ xbg }gpfgexojg ka xbkvg

zbk v}gex CPZ ?%7 lnddnke kp lkpg znxbne gofb jpkw} ka xbg = xk ?2 lkexbv$ ?2 xk

61 lkexbv oeh kgp 61 lkexbv xgehv xk nefpgovg znxb xbg fbndhpgev ojg$ fkl}pnvnej

??'$ ?0%>' oeh 66%6'$ pgv}gfxngd~%


33/247

rrrn

"Wenx9 '.

06%1

68%7

6=%>

7%7 7%71%7

8?%>

62%:

>%:

6%0

?=%=

01%:

6=%=

06%6

?=%=

%=

7%=

?=%=

?7%=

0=%=

07%=

6=%=

67%=

8=%=

87%=

Dgvv

xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$===

xk dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?

lnd%

CPZ ?

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?%7

lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ 0

lnd%

CPZ 0

lnd% kp

Lkpg

Dgvv

xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$===

xk dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?

lnd%

CPZ ?

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?%7

lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ 0

lnd%

CPZ 0

lnd% kp

Lkpg

Dgvv

xboe

CPZ

7==$===

CPZ

7==$===

xk dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?

lnd%

CPZ ?

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ ?%7

lnd

CPZ ?%7

lnd% xk

dgvv

xboe

CPZ 0

lnd%

CPZ 0

lnd% kp

Lkpg

= Lkexbv u Wehgp ?2 Lkexbv ?2 Lkexbv u Wehgp 61 Lkexbv 61 Lkexbv kp Kdhgp


4Anjwpg ,?=5 Hnvxpn`wxnke ka Xkxod V}gehnej `~ Fbndh v Ojg

^gx$ nx lo~ `g hnaanfwdx xk fkefdwhg xbox xbg fkvx v}gex ke ponvnej o fbndh ojgh =

xk ?2 lkexbv nv dkzgp xboe xbox akp o fbndh kgp 61 lkexbv% Xbg pgovke `gnej nv

xbox$ ov vxoxgh }pgnkwvd~$ xbgpg nv o hnaagpgefg ne xbg nefklg dggd `gxzgge xbg = xk

?2 lkexb jpkw} oeh xbg kgp 61 lkexbv jpkw}$ zbnfb oaagfxv xbgnp v}gehnej%

4Xo`dg ,05 Pgfn}ngexv+Eke,pgfn}ngexv ka xbg E@DV @geganxv `~ Fbndh v Ojg"Wenx9 '$ ]gpvkev.

Fbndhv OjgE@DV @geganxv

XkxodPgfn}ngexv Eke,pgfn}ngexv

=,?2 lkexbv 72%> "66. 8?%? "06. ?== "71.?2,61 lkexbv 72%? "?2. 8?%> "?6. ?== "6?.

Kqgp 61 lkexbv 86%6 "?6. 71%: "?:. ?== "6=.

Vw xkxod 78%: "18. 87%6 "76. ?== "??:.



34/247

rrrnn

4Anjwpg ,05 vbkzv xbox 78%:' ka xbg vwpg~gh pgfgngh xbg E@DV `geganxv

zbndg xbox }gpfgexojg hpk}}gh znxb oe nefpgovg ne xbg ojg ka xbg fbndhpge3 72%>' ka

xbg = xk ?2 lkexbv jpkw} pgfgngh xbg `geganxv zbgpgov ked~ 86%6' ka xbg kgp 61

lkexbv jpkw} zgpg `geganfnopngv ka xbg }pkjpol% Hnaagpgefg hkgv grnvx `~ xbg ojg ka

xbg pgv}kehgexv fbndhpge ekx iwvx ne zbgxbgp kp ekx xk bog pgfgngh xbg E@DV

`geganxv$ `wx ne xbg olkwex ka `geganxv pgfgngh% Ov }pgvgexgh ne 4Xo`dg ,65$ xbg

lghnoe olkwex ka xbg E@DV `geganxv pgfgngh `~ xbg = xk ?2 lkexb jpkw} zov

CPZ 16=$===$ oeh nx jkgv hkze xk CPZ 7==$=== akp xbg ?2 xk 61 lkexb jpkw} oeh

CPZ 60=$=== akp xbg kgp 61 lkexb jpkw}%

Pgv}kehgexv znxb ~kwejgp fbndhpge ojgh = xk ?2 lkexbv. ne xbg vwpg~ pgfgngh

xbg E@DV `geganxv lkpg fkl}opgh xk xbkvg znxb kdhgp fbndhpge ojgh kgp 61

lkexbv. lgoev xbox xbg kgpodd nefklg dggd ka xbg akplgp jpkw} nv dkzgp% Ne kxbgp

zkphv$ xbg nefklg dggd ka xbg = xk?2 lkexb jpkw} nv dkzgp xboe xbox ka xbg kgp 61

lkexb jpkw}$ zbnfb bov nl}ofx ke xbgnp kgpodd v}gehnej% E@DV `geganfnopngv opg

odvk gexnxdgh xk ohhnxnkeod jkgpelgex vw}}kpx vwfb ov Fdovv N oeh NN lghnfod

}pkxgfxnke oeh fkgpojg akp fbndhfopg fkvxv% @gnej oe E@DV `geganfnop~ nehnfoxgv

xbox bnv+bgp nefklg nv dkz `wx$ ox xbg volg xnlg$ nx lgoev xbox bg+vbg nv }pknhgh

znxb jkgpelgex vw}}kpx ne bgodxbfopg oeh fbndhfopg$ xbgpgakpg hkgv ekx kp bophd~eggh xk v}geh kwx,ka,}kfcgx ke vwfb nxglv%8.

8. Dgxv dkkc ox xbg pgv}kehgexv ofxwod v}gehnej olkwex `pkcge hkze `~ xbg ojg ka

xbgnp fbndhpge$ zbnfb hkgv ekx nefdwhg xbg jkgpelgex vw}}kpx oeh jkkhv ne cneh

pgfgngh apkl aolnd~% Wedncg xbg xkxod v}gehnej$ xbg = xk?2 lkexbv jpkw} zov akweh

xk v}geh xbg lkvx$ gv}gfnodd~ ke fbndhfopg oeh }wpfbovnej }kzhgpgh lndc+hno}gpv%

Xbg olkwex v}gex ke fbndhfopg zov CPZ 6==$=== akp xbg = xk?2 lkexbv jpkw}$

CPZ 0==$=== akp xbg ?2 xk 61 lkexbv jpkw} oeh CPZ ?77$=== akp xbg kgp 61

lkexbv jpkw}$ vnjena~nej xbox xbg kdhgp xbg fbndh nv$ xbg dkzgp bnv+bgp lkxbgp xgehvxk v}geh ke fbndhfopg% ]kzhgpgh lndc+hno}gp fkvxv odvk vbkzgh o hkzezoph xpgeh

znxb oe nefpgovg ne xbg ojg ka xbgnp fbndhpge$ v}gehnej CPZ ?==$=== `~ xbg = xk?2

lkexbv jpkw}$ CPZ 2=$=== `~ xbg ?2 xk 61 lkexbv jpkw} oeh CPZ 78$=== `~ xbg

kgp 61 lkexbv jpkw}% Olkej xbkvg zbk v}gex kwx,ka,}kfcgx znxbkwx pgfgnnej

jkgpelgex vw}}kpx$ xbg = xk ?2 lkexbv jpkw} zov akweh xk v}geh lkpg ke

fbndhfopg xboe xbg kxbgp jpkw}v% Xbg volg zov xpwg znxb xbg fkvxv pgdoxgh xk `o`~

}pkhwfx }wpfbovg oeh bgodxbfopg%


35/247

rrrnnn

4Xo`dg ,65 Lghnoe Olkwex ka xbg E@DV @geganxv Pgfgnqgh `~ Fbndh v Ojg"Wenx9 CPZ ?=$===.

Fbndhv Ojg Lghnoe Olkwex ka xbg E@DV @geganxv Pgfgnqgh

=,?2 lkexbv 16

?2,61 lkexbv 7=

Kqgp 61 lkexbv 60


"Wenx9 '.

82

>?%7

?=2?==

???%0

=

0=

8=

1=

2=

?==

?0=

= Lkexbv u Wehg p

1 Lkexbv

1 Lkexbv u Wehg p

?0 Lkexbv

?0 Lkexbv u

Wehgp ?2 Lkexbv

?2 Lkexbv u

Wehgp 61 Lkexbv

61 Lkexbv kp

Kdhgp


4Anjwpg ,??5 Lghnoe Lkexbd~ V}gehnej `~ Fbndhv Ojg

4Anjwpg ,??5 o kg hglkevxpoxgv xbg hnvxpn wxnke ka xkxod lkexbd~ v}gehnej `~

xbg ojg ka xbg fbndhpge% Xbg v}gehnej olkwex opngv$ hg}gehnej ke xbg ojg ka xbg

fbndhpge% Xbg lghnoe lkexbd~ v}gehnej ka xbg = xk 1 lkexbv jpkw} zov CPZ

82=$===$ zbnfb zov xbg dkzgvx olkej xbg jpkw}v vwpg~gh$ oeh xbg 1 xk ?0 lkexbv

jpkw} v}gex CPZ >?7$===$ zbnfb nv vxndd CPZ ?==$===,0==$=== dkzgp xboe xbox ka

xbkvg kgp ?0 lkexbv jpkw}v zbk v}gex ox dgovx CPZ ? lnddnke3 CPZ ?%=2 lnddnke

`~ xbg ?0 xk ?2 lkexbv jpkw}$ CPZ ? lnddnke `~ xbg ?2 xk 61 lkexbv jpkw} oeh

CPZ ?%?? lnddnke `~ xbg kgp 61 lkexbv jpkw}% Nx nv `gdnggh xbox xbg vnjenanfoexd~

dkzgp olkwex ka v}gehnej `~ ^oej~wclnbkelkv znxb fbndhpge ojgh 1 lkexbv kp


36/247

rrrnq

~kwejgp bov vklgxbnej xk hk znxb xbg dnlnxgh gl}dk~lgex k}}kpxwenxngv hwg xk

xocnej fopg ka xbgnp `o ngv ov zgdd ov o bnjbgp }gpfgexojg ka xbgl pgfgnnej xbg

E@DV `geganxv oeh dnnej ne o aofndnx~ kp xbgnp }opgexv bklg%

Xbg jkgpelgex vw}}kpx oeh jkkhv ne cneh pgfgngh apkl aolnd~ vggl xk bog

vklg `gopnej ke xbg jo} ne xbg pgv}kehgexv lkexbd~ v}gehnej `~ xbg ojg ka xbgnp

fbndhpge% Offkphnej xk 4Xo`dg ,85 `gdkz$ xbg lghnoe lkexbd~ v}gehnej opngv

hg}gehnej ke xbg pgv}kehgexv }dofg ka pgvnhgefg% Xbkvg zbk zgpg vxo~nej ne

aofndnxngv oeh dnnej ne xbgnp }opgexv bklg v}gex CPZ 667$=== oeh CPZ 10>$===$

pgv}gfxngd~$ zbndg xbkvg zbk zgpg dnnej ne xbgnp kze bklg v}gex xbg bnjbgvx

CPZ ?%?2 lnddnke% Xbkvg zbk zgpg vxo~nej ne xbg bklg ka o apngeh kp pgdoxng v}gex

CPZ ?%=? lnddnke% Ov foe `g vgge$ xbg olkwex ka lkexbd~ v}gehnej nv lwfb dkzgp

zbge dnnej ne aofndnxngv kp }opgexv bklg%

4Xo`dg ,85 Lghnoe Lkexbd~ V}gehnej `~ Fwppgex ]dofg ka Pgvnhgefg"Wenx9 CPZ ?=$===+Ek% ka }gpvkev.

Fwppgex ]dofg ka Pgv nhgefg Xkxod Lkexb d~ V}gehnej ne Lghnoe Olkwex

Kze Bklg CPZ ?%?2 lnddnke "77.

Aofndnx~ 66%7 "?1.

Bklg ka ]opgexv 10%> "0=.

Kxbgp ?=? "07.


4Xo`dg ,75 Pgvnhgefg `~ Fbndhv Ojg"Wenx9 '$ ]gpvkev.

Fbndhv Ojg Kze Bklg Aofndnx~Bklg ka

]opgexvKxbgp Xkxod

=,?2 lkexbv 6=%> "?:. ?0%: ":. 6=%> "?:. 07%7 "?8. ?==' "77.

?2,61 lkexbv 7?%1 "?1. ?1%? "7. 1%7 "0. 07%2 "2. ?== "6?.

Kqgp 61 lkexbv :6%6 "00. ?6%6 "8. 6%6 "?. ?= "6. ?== "6=.


Dgxv dkkc ox xbg pgv}kehgexv pgvnhgefg xk `gxxgp wehgpvxoeh xbg hnaagpgefg ne xbg

olkwex ka v}gehnej `pkcge hkze `~ xbg ojg ka xbgnp fbndhpge% Offkphnej xk 4Xo`dg

,75 o`kg$ 6=%>' ka xbg = xk ?2 lkexbv jpkw} oevzgpgh xbg~ zgpg dnnej ne xbgnp


37/247

rrrq

}opgexv bklg% Xbkvg dnnej ne xbgnp kze bklg zgpg akweh xk `g xbg `njjgvx

v}gehgp oeh$ xbg ~kwejgp xbg fbndhpge opg$ xbg dkzgp xbg }gpfgexojg ka xbg wezgh

lkxbgpv dnnej ne xbgnp kze bklg$ offkwexnej akp o lgpg 6=%>' ka xbg = xk ?2 lkexb

jpkw} `wx ov bnjb ov :6%6' ka xbg kgp 61 lkexb jpkw}% Ov nehnfoxgh bgpg$ xbg

hnaagpgefg ne pgvnhgefg oeh xbg fbndhpgev ojg bov nl}ofx ke xbg v}gehnej ka

ôej~wclnbkelk bkwvgbkdhv%

H% Gfkeklnf Ofxnqnxngv kaôej~wclnbkelkv

Offkphnej xk grnvxnej vxwhngv$ xbg fkwpvg ka }pgjeoef~$ fbndh`npxb oeh fbndhfopg

jpgoxd~ oaagfxv zklgev }wpvwnx ka gfkeklnf ofxnnxngv oeh fopggp hggdk}lgex%

Zklge zbk opg ox xbg dnag vxojg ka xocnej fopg ka ~kwej fbndhpge xgeh xk

gr}gpngefg vbkpxgegh zkpcnej bkwpv$ fboejg ne ik v oeh hnvfkexnewoxnke ka xbgnp

gfkeklnf ofxnnxngv% Bgpg$ o pgngz zov fkehwfxgh ke bkz }pgjeoef~ oeh fbndh npxb

bog fboejgh xbg gfkeklnf ofxnnxngv oeh vxoxwv ka ôej~wclnbkelkv%

Zbndg lkvx ôej~wclnbkelkv opg bnjb vfbkkd jpohwoxgv kp bog vxwhngh ne

fkddgjg$ keg ka xbg pgovkev xbox locg nx hnaanfwdx akp xbgl xk vxo~ vgda,vwvxonenej nv

xbg vkfnod }pgiwhnfg ojonevx kwx,ka,zghdkfc }pgjeoefngv% Offkphnej xk xbg 0==>CZHN pg}kpx$ odlkvx odd ôej~wclnbkelkv pgjophdgvv ka ojgv qwnx xbgnp ik v hwg xk

xbgnp }pgjeoef~% Odxbkwjb xbg~ opg gexnxdgh xk xocg loxgpenx~ dgog oeh xbg~ cekz

xbox$ xbgvg wezgh lkxbgpv qwnx kp opg akpfgh kwx ka ik ov xbg~ aond xk kgpfklg

vkfnod }pgiwhnfg% Ked~ 7%:' ka xbkvg ojgh 0= xk 08$ 1%7' ka xbkvg ojgh 01 xk 0> oeh

0%0' ka xbkvg ojgh kgp 6= zgpg o`dg xk vxo~ znxb xbgnp ik`v hwpnej }pgjeoef~%

Ojonevx xbnv òfchpk}$ nx nv wpjgex xk fklg w} znxb o }kdnf~ xbox gevwpgv xbg

vgda,vw}}kpx ka ôej~wclnbkelkv `~ }pknhnej xbgl znxb vw`vxoexnod pnjbxv xk

fkexnewg xk zkpc pgjophdgvv ka xbgnp eke,lopnxod }pgjeoefngv% Xbg akddkznej

vwllopnygv oe nexgpngz znxb o ôej~wclnbkelk zbk zov wehgp }pgvvwpg ka

dgonej bgp fkl}oe~ hwg xk vkfnod }pgiwhnfg%

Nv lkxbgpbkkh ked~ ofcekzdghjgh znxbne xbg nevxnxwxnke ka loppnojg; Opg xbgpg ek fovgv ka

zklge wvnej loxgpenx~ dgogv gge na xbg~ opg ekx loppngh; Bkzggp$ N hk ekx bog xbg

fkwpojg Sxk jk ke o loxgpenx~ dgog\% N hkex bog o }opxnfwdopd~ dopjg vwl ka lkeg~ N bog

vogh ekp hk N bog o fkl}gxnxng vcndd% _wnxxnej l~ ik nv xbg volg ov jnnej w} l~ vkwpfg


38/247

rrrqn

ka dngdnbkkh "Lnehwdog 0==0$ }}% 100,182.%

4Anjwpg ,?05 vbkzv xbox lkvx ^oej~wclnbkelkv boh }opxnfn}oxgh ne gfkeklnf

ofxnnxngv hwpnej xbg nenxnod vxojgv ka }pgjeoef~$ zbnfb nv lkpg xboe >=' ka xbg

vwpg~gh xkxod$ znxb :7%>' gejojnej ne nefklg,gopenej ofxnnxngv oeh ?1%8' ne ik

vgopfbnej% Bkzggp vnjenanfoex fboejgv xkkc }dofg odkej xbg fkwpvg ka }pgjeoef~

oeh fbndh npxb% Xbg }pk}kpxnke ka xbkvg gejojnej ne nefklg,gopenej ofxnnxngv ox xbg

xnlg ka xbg vwpg~ hgfdnegh xk 8>%1' ka xbg xkxod$ zbnfb lgoev lkpg xboe o qwopxgp

?+8. ka xbg vwpg~ pgv}kehgexv vxk}}gh gopenej nefklg% Lgoezbndg$ 01%7'

oevzgpgh xbox xbg~ zgpg akfwvnej ke ponvnej xbgnp fbndhpge znxbkwx bonej o ik`$

zbnfb nexgpgvxnejd~ zov o vnlndop }gpfgexojg xk xbkvg zbk jog w} ke gopenej

nefklg 01%6'.% Xbnv nehnfoxgv xbox loe~ wezgh lkxbgpv xgeh xk `g xkk `wv~

xocnej fopg ka xbgnp fbndhpge xk }opxnfn}oxg ne gfkeklnf ofxnnxngv%

4Xo`dg ,15 Lone Ofxnqnxngv Hwpnej xbg Nenxnod Vxojgv ka ]pgjeoef~ oeh Fwppgex

Lone Ofxnqnxngv"Wenx9 '$ ]gpvkev.

Lone Ofxnqnxngv Hwpnej xbg

Nenxnod Vxojgv ka ]pgjeoef~ Fwppgex Lone Ofxnqnxngv

Vxwhgex 1%>' "2. 7%6' "1.

]pg}opoxnke akp Vfbkkd+Jgxxnej o Ik`$

Qkfoxnkeod Xponenej$ gxf%=%> "?. >%: "??.

Ik Vgopfbnej "Wegl}dk~gh. ?1%8 "?>. 2%2 "?=.

Gopegh Nefklg :7%> "22. 8>%1 "71.

Fbndhfopg , 01%7 "6=.

Xkxod ?==%= "??1. ?==%= "??6.



39/247

rrrqnn

"Wenx9 '.

1%>%>

?1%8

:7%>

7%6>%: 2%2

8>%1

01%7

=

?=

0=

6=

8=

7=

1=

:=

2=

Vxwhgex ]pg}opoxnke akp

Vfbkkd+Jg xxnej o

Ik`$ Qkfoxnkeod

Xponenej$ gxf%

Ik` Vgopfbnej

"wegl}dk~gh.

Nefklg Gopenej Fbndhf opg

Lone Ofxnnxngv Hwpnej xbg Nenxnod Vxojgv ka ]pgjeoef~ Fwppgex Lone Ofxnnxngv


4Anjwpg ,?05 Lone Ofxnqnxngv Hwpnej xbg Nenxnod Vxojgv ka ]pgjeoef~ oeh FwppgexLone Ofxnqnxngv

Zgocgegh nefklg,gopenej ofxnnxngv ka ^oej~wclnbkelkv opg odvk ovvkfnoxgh

znxb xbg hnvfpnlneoxnke }wx ojonevx xbgl ne xbg ik bnpnej }pkfgvv$ zbnfb locgv nx

gge zkpvg akp xbkvg zbk bog odpgoh~ `gge vwaagpnej apkl aneoefnod hnaanfwdxngv%

Oaxgp bonej l~ fbndh$ N oxxgehgh o kfoxnkeod vfbkkd oeh vbkpxd~ oaxgp jpohwoxnke$ N gexgpgh

o iwenkp fkddgjg zbgpg N zov odzo~v ox xbg xk} ka l~ fdovvOaxgp jpohwoxnke$ N vw lnxxgh

l~ pgvwlg xk o ewl`gp ka fkl}oengv xbox boh ik k}genejv% N zov fkexofxgh `~ qwnxg o agz

ka xbgl$ zbnfb lohg lg aggd o vgevg ka offkl}dnvblgex xbox l~ }ovx gaakpxv boh ekx `gge

zovxgh% Bkzggp$ hwpnej l~ aneod nexgpngzv$ N zov hgovxoxgh% L~ vxpkej ofohglnf pgfkph

oeh fgpxnanfoxgv hnhex bgd} lg kgpfklg xbg aofx xbox N zov oe wezgh lkxbgp% Xbg lklgex

N xkdh xbgl N zov oe wezgh lkxbgp$ xbg~ dkkcgh ox lg ov na xbg~ zgpg vo~nej$ kw bog

vklg egpg xk fklg bgpg% N iwvx zovxgh l~ xnlg% N ggexwodd~ aondgh ne anehnej o ik "68~gop,kdh wezgh lkxbgp ponvnej o > ~gop,kdh howjbxgp.%

4Xo`dg ,:5 vbkzv xbg fboejg ne xbg pgv}kehgexv lkexbd~ gopegh nefklg

xbpkwjb gl}dk~lgex `gakpg oeh oaxgp fbndh npxb% Xbgpg zov o fkevnhgpo dg fboejg ne

xbg hnvxpn wxnke ka gopegh nefklg xbpkwjb gl}dk~lgex oaxgp fbndh npxb3 ked~ ?6%>' ka


40/247

rrrqnnn

xbg pgv}kehgexv hnh ekx gope oe~ nefklg xbpkwjb gl}dk~lgex `gakpg xbg~ jog

`npxb `wx xbg anjwpg iwl}gh xk o zbk}}nej 8:%>' oaxgp jnnej npxb% Xbg volg xpgeh

zov hgxgfxgh ne xbg CPZ ?%=?,0 lnddnke nefklg gopenej jpkw} zbgpg nx zgex hkze

apkl 8?%:' xk 08%2' ka xbg xkxod% Xbkvg gopenej CPZ 0%=? lnddnke kp lkpg odvk

hgfdnegh vbop}d~ apkl ?6%>' xk 1%2'$ vwjjgvxnej xbox xbgnp nefklg hpk}}gh

vnjenanfoexd~ hwg xk fbndh npxb oeh fopg% Nx nv `gdnggh xbox vwfb pghwfxnke ne nefklg

nv odvk oaagfxgh `~ vkfnod }pgiwhnfg oeh hnvfpnlneoxnke ojonevx eke,lopnxod

}pgjeoef~% Lkpg kaxge xboe ekx$ ^oej~wclnbkelkv opg ekx ne o }kvnxnke xk xocg

loxgpenx~ dgog hwg xk fkdh oeh hnvo}}pknej jdoefg ka fkddgojwgv oeh }pgvvwpg

apkl xbg fkl}oe~$ dgohnej xbgl xk qwnx kp jgx akpfgh kwx ka ik`% Xbnv pgvwdxv ne o

hnvfkexnewoxnke ne xbgnp fopggp oeh fwx ne nefklg%

4Xo`dg ,:5 Oqgpojg Lkexbd~ Nefklg Hwpnej xbg Nenxnod Vxojgv ka ]pgjeoef~ oeh

Gopegh Nefklg ka Dovx Lkexb"Wenx9 '$ ]gpvkev.

Oqgpojg Lkexbd~ Nefklg Hwpnej

xbg Nenxnod Vxojgv ka ]pgjeoef~

Lkexbd~ Gopegh Nefklg ka

Dovx Lkexb

Ek Nefklg ?6%>' "?1. 8:%>' "71.

CPZ 7==$=== kp Dgvv 1%? ":. 7%? "1.

CPZ 7?=$=== xk CPZ ? lnd% 08%6 "02. ?7%8 "?2.

CPZ ?%=? lnd% xk CPZ 0 lnd% 8?%: "82. 08%2 "0>.

CPZ 0%=? lnd% kp Lkpg ?6%> "?1. 1%2 "2.

Xkxod ?== "??7. ?== "??:.



41/247

rrrnr

"Wenx9 '.

?6%>

1%?

08%6

8?%:

?6%>

8:%>

7%?

?7%8

08%2

1%2

=

?=

0=

6=

8=

7=

1=

Ek Nefklg CPZ 7==$=== kpDgvv

CPZ 7?=$=== xkCPZ ? lnd%

CPZ? lnd% xk CPZ0 lnd%

CPZ 0%=? lnd% kpLkpg

Ogpojg Lkexbd~ Nefklg Hwpnej xbg Nenxnod Vxojgv ka ]pgjeoef~

Ogpojg Lkexbd~ Gopegh Nefklg ka Dovx Lkexb

Vkwpfg9 0=?= ôej~wclnbkelk Hoxo Fkl}ndgh wehgp Xbnv Vxwh~Ekxg9 Xbg ogpojg lkexbd~ nefklg hwpnej xbg nenxnod vxojgv ka }pgjeoef~ nefdwhgv odd x~}gv

ka nefklg vwfb ov lkexbd~ vodop~ gakpg xor.$ oddkzoefg oeh }opx,xnlg nefklg%

4Anjwpg ,?65 Lkexbd~ Nefklg Hwpnej xbg Nenxnod Vxojgv ka ]pgjeoef~ oeh GopeghNefklg ka Dovx Lkexb

% ôej~wclnbkelkv* Gr}gpngefg ke Zgdaopg Vgpqnfgv

O% Zgdaopg @geganxv

Xbg }pgnkwv fbo}xgp ka xbnv vxwh~ dkkcgh nexk ôej~wclnbkelkv }dofg ka

pgvnhgefg$ gfkeklnf ofxnnxngv$ oeh xbgnp nefklg oeh v}gehnej xpgehv `gakpg oeh

oaxgp fbndh npxb% Ekz$ dgxv hnvfwvv zgdaopg vgpnfgv }pknhgh xk oeh gr}gpngefgh `~

xbkvg wezgh lkxbgpv zbk ponvg xbgnp fbndhpge ke xbgnp kze%

4Anjwpg Q,?5 }pgvgexv xbg }gpfgexojg ka xbg ôej~wclnbkelkv zbk pgfgng xbg

E@DV `geganxv `pkcge hkze `~ ojg% Xbg pgv}kehgex jpkw} ojgh 0= xk 08 xk}}gh xbg

dnvx znxb 11%:' ka xbgl pgfgnnej xbg E@DV `geganxv$ akddkzgh `~ xbg 0= xk 07 ojg

jpkw} znxb 7:%8' oeh xbg xggeojgp jpkw} znxb 7='% Lgoezbndg$ E@DV `geganfnopngv

offkwexgh akp 81%:' ne xbg 6=,}dwv ojg jpkw}$ zbnfb zov xbg dkzgvx olkej xbg

jpkw}v%

Xbg olkwex ka xbg E@DV `geganxv pgfgngh nv vbkze ne 4Anjwpg Q,05 zbgpg


42/247

rd

81%>' ka xbg pgv}kehgexv vonh xbg~ pgfgngh `gxzgge CPZ 1?=$=== oeh CPZ

2==$=== oeh 6?%6' pgfgngh `gxzgge CPZ 0?=$=== oeh CPZ 8==$===%

"Wenx9 '.

7=

11%:

7:%8

81%:7=

66%6

80%1

76%6

=

?=

0=

6=

8=

7=

1=

:=

2=

O jg v ?> kp kwejg p O jgv 0=u 0 8 O jg v 07u 0> O jg v 6= kp K dhg p

@geganfnop~ ka Lnenlwl Dnnej Gr}gevgv

Eke,`ge ganfnop~ ka Lnenlwl D nnej Gr}gevg v


4Anjwpg ,?5 @geganfnop~ oeh Eke,`geganfnop~ ka xbg E@DV Vfbglg `~ Ojg

"Wenx9 '.

> %8

6 ? % 6

? 0 % 7

8 1 % >

=

7

? =

? 7

0 =

0 7

6 =

6 7

8 =

8 7

7 =

C PZ 0 = = $= = = k p D gv v C PZ 0 ? = $= = = xk

C P Z 8 = = $ = = =

C P Z 8 ? = $ = = = xk

C P Z 1 = = $ = = =

C P Z 1 ? = $ = = = xk

C P Z 2 = = $= = =


4Anjwpg ,05 Hnvxpn`wxnke ka xbg Olkwex ka xbg E@DV @geganxv


43/247

rdn

"Wenx9 '.

62%>

7=

??%?

=

86%27=

=1%6

12%0

0:%6

8%7=

2:

?6

= ==

?=

0=

6=

8=

7=

1=

:=

2=

>=

?= =

Ekx Gdnjn`dg akp

@geg anfnop~ Vxoxwv

Hkex Cekz O`kw x xbg

V~vxgl

Hkex Zoex xk Dgog

Pgfkphv

Weegfgvvop~

Ojgv ?> kp kwejgp Ojgv 0=u08 Ojgv 07u0> Ojgv 6= kp Kdhgp

Vkwpfg9 0==> ôej~wclnbkelk Hoxo Fkl}ndgh `~ CZHN

4Anjwpg ,65 Pgovke akp Ekx Pgjnvxgpnej ne xbg E@DV @geganx Vfbglg

Offkphnej xk xbg 0==> CZHN vxwh~$ zbge ovcgh zb~ xbg~ hnh ekx pgjnvxgp ov

E@DV `geganfnopngv$ 10' ka xbg pgv}kehgexv oevzgpgh xbg~ zgpg ekx gdnjn dg akp xbg

`geganfnop~ vxoxwv oeh 60%>' vonh `gfowvg xbg~ hnh ekx cekz o`kwx xbg }pkjpol

Cnl$ B~g ^kwej gx od%$ 0==>.% Na }opgexv$ xbg ]gpvke Dno`dg akp Vw}}kpxnej$ opg

hgglgh xk bog nefklg oeh }pk}gpxngv xbox grfggh xbg E@DV `geganfnop~

qwodnanfoxnke$ xbgnp howjbxgp ov o ôej~wclnbkelk `gfklgv negdnjn dg xk pgfgng xbg

`geganxv$ zbnfb ne xbnv vwpg~ offkwexgh akp xzk xbnph 0+6. ka xbg xkxod$ zbndg xbkvg

zbk hnh ekx cekz o`kwx xbg }pkjpol pg}pgvgexgh keg xbnph ?+6. ka xbg xkxod%

Lgoezbndg$ 8?%?' ka xbg pgv}kehgexv oevzgpgh xbg~ pgjnvxgpgh ne xbg dkz,nefklg$

vnejdg,}opgex aolnd~ vw}}kpx }pkjpol% Ke xbg pgovke akp ekx pgjnvxgpnej ne xbg

vnejdg,}opgex aolnd~ vw}}kpx }pkjpol$ 80%8' ka xbg pgv}kehgexv vonh xbg~ zgpg ekxgdnjn dg oeh 7=%2' vonh `gfowvg xbg~ hnh ekx cekz o`kwx xbg }pkjpol% Loe~ ka

xbgl hnh ekx o}}gop xk bog xbg neakploxnke ke xbg jkgpelgexv zgdaopg `geganxv

odxbkwjb xbg~ zgpg ne vgpnkwv eggh ka vwfb bgd}% Xbg anehnejv ka xbg vxwh~ vwjjgvx

xbox vxpkej fkllwenfoxnke xk ôej~wclnbkelkv nv pgqwnpgh xk oddkz xbgl xk offgvv

vwfb pgdgoex vgpnfgv%


44/247

rdnn

SBog ~kw ggp o}}dngh akp xbg E@DV `geganxv;\ N hnhex gge cekz xbgpg zov vwfb o xbnej%

Xbgpgv ek keg opkweh lg zbk nv o pgfn}ngex% L~ lkxbgp nv bonej o boph xnlg% Vbg odvk

dngv odkeg oeh nv ne òh bgodxb `wx bov xk jk xk zkpc% Vk N bog xk ponvg l~ fbndh odkeg%

L~ ò`~ nv ekz ?> lkexbv kdh% N bog xk pgfgng }kvx}opxwl fopg$ oeh N akweh xbox

}kvx}opxwl fopg vgpnfgv opg odvk }pknhgh `~ xbg }w dnf bgodxb fgexgpv "0> ~gop,kdh wezgh

lkxbgp$ ponvnej o ?> lkexb howjbxgp.%

@% Hgdnqgp~ ka Zgdaopg Vgpqnfgv

@ovnf dngdnbkkh oeh fbndhfopg vw}}kpx vgpnfgv `~ xbg jkgpelgex bov nefpgovgh

po}nhd~ xbkwjb ekx ~gx vwaanfngex% Hgv}nxg xbg jkgpelgexv njkpkwv gaakpxv$ nx zov

vwjjgvxgh xbox xbkvg ox Hkej kaanfgv zbk opg ne fbopjg ka hgdngpnej vkfnod zgdaopg

vgpnfgv xk ôej~wclnbkelkv bog o dkx xk nl}pkg3 dofc ka neakploxnke ke xbg E@DV

`geganxv }pknhgh xk ôej~wclnbkelkv oeh pwhgegvv+wecnehegvv xk vgpnfg pgfn}ngexv%

N zov vxo~nej ox o === Sloxgpenx~ aofndnx~\ jpkw} bklg% Oaxgp pgvnhnej xbgpg akp opkweh akwp

lkexbv$ N lkgh xk Bkejgwe,hkej$ zbnfb nv dkfoxgh egop Bkejiog,hkej% Na ~kw vxo~ ne o

aofndnx~$ ~kw foe lonexone ~kwp `geganx pgfn}ngex vxoxwv% Oaxgp dgonej xbg jpkw} bklg$ N zgex

xk xbg hkej kaanfg xk pgqwgvx xbox N lo~ lonexone l~ `geganx pgfn}ngex vxoxwv% N `gjoe

gr}donenej xbg zbkdg vxkp~ vxopxnej znxb bkz N boh `gge vxo~nej ox xbg === aofndnx~% Bkzggp$

xbg "zkpcgpv ka. xbg hkej kaanfg cegz ekxbnej o`kwx ===% Xbg~ boh ek pgdoxgh cekzdghjg%

Oaxgp gr}donenej ggp~xbnej$ xbg~ dgx lg lonexone l~ `geganx pgfn}ngex vxoxwv% @wx xbge$ xbg

vkfnod zkpcgp ne fbopjg S}w dnf kaanfnod ne fbopjg ka vkfnod zgdaopg\ zov pg}dofgh oeh xbg egz

vkfnod zkpcgp cegz ekxbnej o kwx loxgpenx~ bklgv@gfowvg N ekz pgvnhg ne Bkejgwe,hkej$

N ovcgh akp xbg == loxgpenx~ bklg$ `wx xbg vkfnod zkpcgp boh ek nhgo zbgpg xbg loxgpenx~

bklg nv dkfoxgh% Vk$ N zovex o dg xk o}}d~ akp xbg loxgpenx~ bklg xbox ho~% N vw`lnxxgh l~

o}}dnfoxnke ne Lopfb `wx xbg o}}dnfoxnke zov }pkfgvvgh kgp xk xbg Vwej wc Hnvxpnfx Kaanfg ne

Iweg% Nx hkgvex locg vgevg ekx xk cekz o`kwx xbgvg xbnejv ne xbnv ho~ oeh ojg `wx zbge N

zgex xk o}}d~ akp o loxgpenx~ bklg$ "xbg }w dnf kaanfnod ne fbopjg ka vkfnod zgdaopg. xkkc kwx

o xbnfc `kkc oeh vxopxnej ovcnej opkweh "6> ~gop,kdh wezgh lkxbgp ponvnej o 1 ~gop kdh vke.%

Ne l~ fovg$ N zgex xk o}}d~ akp xbg E@DV `geganx oaxgp `gfklnej oe wezgh lkxbgp% Xbg

}gk}dg ox xbg fkllwenx~ vgpnfg fgexgp xpngh xk bgd} lg$ `wx xbg gl}dk~gg ox xbg hnvxpnfx kaanfg

òvnfodd~ xkdh lg zov xbox N vbkwdh jk vxo~ ox o aofndnx~ oeh xbox E@DV `geganxv opg ekx akp

wezgh lkxbgpv% N hkex cekz zbk bg "vbg. nv xk vo~ xbox xbg E@DV `geganxv opg ekx akp

report on improving welfare services for low-income unwed mothers in korea

Documents