report on regulatory status of micronutrient fortification...
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The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a non-profit, worldwide foundation based in Washington, DC, USA established in 1978 to advance the understanding of scientific issues relating to nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment and the environment. ILSI accomplishes its work through its branches and the ILSI Research Foundation.
Established in 1993, ILSI Southeast Asia Region facilitates and coordinates scientific programs, research and information dissemination in Southeast Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. Based in Singapore, ILSI Southeast Asia Region also oversees a Country Office in Australia and Country Committees in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.
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This publication, published in December 2011, is made possible with the support of the ILSI Southeast Asia Region Food Fortification Task Force. The Task Force facilitates data collection on food fortification programs and regulations in the Southeast Asian countries. It also facilitates research on fortification technologies, as well as the evaluation of effectiveness and safety of fortification programs in collaboration with national research institutions and regulatory agencies in Southeast Asia, and the ILSI Center for Health Promotion.
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REPORT ON REGULATORY STATUS
OF MICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATION
IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
AuthorsMia Isabelle, Pauline Chan, Steffiana Y. Wijaya
International Life Sciences Institute Southeast Asia Region Report Series
Table of Contents
1. Background ........................................................................................................................................................................................3 1.1. Definition and Purpose of Fortification 1.2. Recommendations and Regulations of Micronutrient Fortification 1.3. ILSI Southeast Asia Region: Fortification Programs
2. Survey on Status of Micronutrient Fortification Regulations ...................................................................................................4 2.1. Survey’s Scope and Methodology
3. Summary of Survey Findings on Micronutrient Fortification Regulations .............................................................................4 3.1. By Country ..................................................................................................................................................................................4 3.1.1. Brunei Darussalam 3.1.2. Indonesia 3.1.3. Malaysia 3.1.4. The Philippines 3.1.5. Singapore 3.1.6. Thailand 3.1.7. Vietnam 3.1.8. Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar 3.2. By Nutrient .................................................................................................................................................................................6 3.2.1. Iodine 3.2.2. Iron 3.2.3. Vitamin A 3.2.4. Folic Acid and B Vitamins 3.2.5. Zinc 3.2.6. Other Vitamins and Minerals
4. Summary of Survey Findings on Monitoring and Evaluation Processes .................................................................................7
5. Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................................................................................................................7
6. References ........................................................................................................................................................................................8
7. List of Tables Table 1A. Salt Iodization in SEA .....................................................................................................................................................9 Table 1B. Regulatory Status of Claims on Iodine Fortification in SEA ......................................................................................10 Table 2A. Iron Fortification Programs in SEA ..............................................................................................................................11 Table 2B. Regulatory Status of Claims on Iron Fortification in SEA ..........................................................................................12 Table 3A. Vitamin A Fortification Programs in SEA ....................................................................................................................13 Table 3B. Regulatory Status of Claims on Vitamin A Fortification in SEA ................................................................................14 Table 4A. Folic Acid and B Vitamins Fortification Programs in Southeast Asia .......................................................................15 Table 4B. Regulatory Status of Claims on Folic Acid and B Vitamins Fortification in Malaysia ..............................................16 Table 4C. Regulatory Status of Claims on Folic Acid and B Vitamins Fortification in Singapore ...........................................17 Table 4D. Regulatory Status of Claims on Folic Acid and B Vitamins Fortification in Brunei,
Indonesia and Thailand................................................................................................................................................18 Table 5. Zinc Fortification Programs and Regulatory Status of Claims on Zinc Fortification in
Southeast Asia ..............................................................................................................................................................19 Table 6A. Voluntary Fortification Programs with Other Vitamins and Minerals in the Philippines .........................................20 Table 6B. Voluntary Fortification Programs with Other Vitamins and Minerals in Brunei Darussalam ..................................21 Table 6C. Regulatory Status of Claims on Other Vitamins and Minerals Fortification in Indonesia.......................................22 Table 6D. Regulatory Status of Claims on Other Vitamins and Minerals Fortification in Malaysia ........................................23 Table 6E. Regulatory Status of Claims on Other Vitamins and Minerals Fortification in Singapore ......................................24 Table 6F. List of Other Vitamins and Minerals Permitted for Fortification Claims in Thailand (Unofficial Translation) .......25 Table 7A. Monitoring and Evaluation of Mandatory Fortification Programs in Cambodia,
Indonesia and Malaysia................................................................................................................................................26 Table 7B. Monitoring and Evaluation of Mandatory and Voluntary Fortification Programs in the Philippines .....................27 Table S1. Minimum Amounts of Nutrients for Fortification Claims in Malaysia .....................................................................28
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1. Background
Micronutrient malnutrition presents a public health problem in some industrialized nations, but even more so in the developing regions of the world (WHO & FAO, 2006). Deficiencies in iron, vitamin A and iodine are the most prevalent worldwide. Together, these micronutrient deficiencies affect at least one third of the world’s population, the majority of who are in developing countries.
Policy and program responses to micronutrient malnutrition include (a) food-based strategies such as dietary diversification and food fortification, (b) nutrition education, public health and food safety measures, as well as (c) supplementation (WHO & FAO, 2006). Dietary diversification through nutrition education has been the foundation of long-term strategies, but its implementation may be relatively time-consuming, given a lack of resources and education, and difficulties in changing food habits. Micronutrient supplementation often results in rapid improvements in the micronutrient status of target groups; however, supplementation approaches have faced problems of cost, poor compliance, and inefficient delivery of supplements. Food fortification, on the other hand, tends to have a less immediate but nevertheless a much wider and more sustained impact. Micronutrient fortification of commonly consumed foods, such as staples and condiments, has been shown to be a cost-effective strategy for the control of micronutrient malnutrition in the medium and long-term (WHO & FAO, 2006).
1.1. Definition and Purpose of Fortification
According to the Codex General Principles for the Addition of Essential Nutrients to Foods, fortification or enrichment is defined as “the addition of one or more essential nutrients to a food whether or not it is normally contained in the food for the purpose of preventing or correcting a demonstrated deficiency of one or more nutrients in the population or specific population groups” (Codex Alimentarius, 1991). The Codex General Principles further states that fortification should be the responsibility of national authorities since the kinds and amounts of essential nutrients to be added and foods to be fortified will depend upon the particular nutritional problems to be corrected, the characteristics of the target populations, and the food consumption patterns of the area.
Conditions for the fulfillment of any fortification program include: (a) a demonstrated need for increasing the intake of an essential nutrient in one or more population groups, either through actual clinical or subclinical evidence of deficiency, estimates indicating low levels of intake of nutrients, or possible deficiencies likely to develop because of changes taking place in food habits; (b) the food selected as a vehicle should be consumed by the population at risk; (c) the intake of the food vehicle should be stable and uniform with known lower and upper levels of intake; (d) the amount of the essential nutrient added to the food should be sufficient to correct or prevent the deficiency when the food is consumed in normal amounts by the population at risk but also not result in excessive intakes by individuals with a high intake of a fortified food (Codex Alimentarius, 1991).
WHO and FAO Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients offers a wider perspective on the definition of food fortification – “the practice of deliberately increasing the content of essential micronutrients (vitamins and minerals including trace elements) in a food so as to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and to provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health”. The public health benefits of fortification may be either demonstrable, or indicated as potential or plausible by generally accepted scientific research, and include: (a) prevention, risk minimization or contribution to the correction of occurrence of micronutrient deficiency in a population or specific population groups; (b) a potential for improving nutritional status and dietary intakes that may be, or may become, suboptimal as a result of changes in dietary habits/lifestyles; and (c) plausible beneficial effects of micronutrients consistent with maintaining or improving health (WHO & FAO, 2006).
1.2. Recommendations and Regulations of Micronutrient Fortification
The World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have extensively reviewed the best recommendations for food fortification, and have provided specific technical advice as indicated (WHO and FAO, 2006). For instance, WHO and FAO have issued specific recommendations for the fortification of flour due to its wide consumption (WHO et al, 2009). Flour is a food vehicle especially important for the fortification of iron, which is seen as the micronutrient most associated with deficiency. An expert panel recently noted that many fortification programs of flour with iron have not significantly reduced iron deficiency, often due to the low bioavailability of the iron compound (Hurrell et al, 2010). Compliance with the WHO-FAO guidelines (which incorporate the expert panel recommendations) increases the likelihood of measurable reductions in micronutrient deficiencies. According to WHO-FAO (2006), fortification provisions in food law should ensure that all compositional parameters applicable to both fortificants and food vehicles deliver safe and appropriately efficacious public health outcomes, and that the labeling and claims of fortified foods are factual, and provide sufficient information to enable appropriate consumption.
The scope of regulatory provisions related to fortification may, however, differ from country to country. Some countries adopt mandatory and voluntary fortification regulations as part of an overall nutrition policy to address certain nutrient deficiencies that may be a cause of concern. On the other hand, other countries may regulate voluntary fortification of nutrients without having explicit nutrient deficiency eradication goals; rather, regulation of voluntary fortification intends to make permissible the increment of nutrient levels in the fortified food, in comparison with the naturally-occurring amount. Regulations are set to control the claims on the nutrient content of these fortified foods.
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1.3. ILSI Southeast Asia Region: Fortification Programs
Over the past 15 years, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Southeast Asia (SEA) Region has been involved in addressing issues and challenges in micronutrient deficiencies in the region. In 1996, it organized the Regional Conference on Food Fortification in cooperation with the Philippines national authorities, which prompted the Manila Declaration calling for a multisectoral partnership to control micronutrient deficiencies through food fortification.
From 2000 to 2004, ILSI SEA Region collaborated with international bodies such as the United Nations and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), as well as regional organizations such as the Asian Development Bank, to facilitate a series of workshops to address food fortification strategies to combat micronutrient deficiencies in both adults and young children in SEA.
As part of ILSI’s global Project IDEA (Iron Deficiency Elimination Action), which aims to reduce iron deficiency anemia in developing countries by adding iron to foods such as staples and condiments, ILSI SEA Region has been working with ILSI Japan Center for Health Promotion on food fortification programs in Cambodia, the Philippines and Vietnam since 2005. Fish-sauce has been fortified with iron in Vietnam, while iron-fortified rice has been tested in the Philippines, and both fish-sauce and soy-sauce have been fortified with iron in Cambodia.
2. Survey on Status of Micronutrient Fortification Regulations
With the implementation of programs for micronutrient fortification of staples and condiments, national authorities across SEA have developed regulations that require mandatory fortification of certain nutrients, and voluntary fortification of others. The scope and extent of fortification policies and programs, as well as national regulations governing fortification, vary significantly throughout the region.
To assist all stakeholders – including national bodies and regulators, industry, researchers and scientists across Southeast Asia to better understand the status of food fortification programs and regulations in the region, ILSI SEA Region conducted a year-long survey on the regulatory status of mandatory and voluntary fortification of micronutrients in Southeast Asia region, particularly those involving staple foods and condiments. The information gathered through this survey will help to identify some of the gaps for prioritization of future activities in this area; it is hoped that the survey findings will be useful to stakeholders in planning and implementation of food fortification strategies within and between SEA countries.
2.1. Survey’s Scope and Methodology
This survey considered three types of fortification regulations: (a) those related to addressing nutrient deficiencies; (b) those related to voluntary addition of nutrients; and (c) those related to nutrient content claims. Regulations for targeted
fortifications e.g. those targeting infants and young children were not included in this survey.
A survey form setting out information on relevant regulations, obtained through published regulation documents and references, was circulated to the regulatory agencies of 10 SEA Region countries:
• Brunei Darussalam • Cambodia• Indonesia • Laos• Malaysia • Myanmar• The Philippines • Singapore• Thailand • Vietnam
The survey was sectioned into three parts: (a) respondent detail; (b) survey form on the regulatory status of various nutrients; and (c) the monitoring and evaluation of these voluntary or mandatory regulations. For each nutrient included in the survey, the survey requested for information on:
• Fortificant• Food Vehicle• Status (Mandatory / Voluntary)• Minimum Acceptable Level• Maximum Tolerable Level• Labeling Requirement (e.g. logo/symbol)• Nutrient Content Claims Permitted & Conditions for Claim• Nutrient Comparative Claims Permitted & Conditions
for Claim• Nutrient Function Claims Permitted & Condition
for Claim• Disease Risk Reduction Claims Permitted & Conditions
for Claim• Regulating Body• Regulation Name• Issue Date
Regulators were requested to verify the information pertaining to food fortification regulations stated in the survey, as well as to provide any updates and additional information on other micronutrients and their monitoring and evaluation systems, where available. As of July 2011, the final confirmation of the report has been obtained from the National Agency for Drug and Food Control (BPOM), Indonesia, the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA), Singapore, and the Thai Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Information about the addition of nutrient supplements, claims on fortifications, and other relevant information pertaining to the regulations have been included in this report as well.
3. Summary of Survey Findings on Micronutrient Fortification Regulations
3.1. By Country
3.1.1. BruneiDarussalam
No mandatory fortification regulation has been instituted.
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However, the country’s Public Health (Food) Act (Chapter 182) states provisions for the addition of nutrient supplements, which are defined as any amino acid, mineral or vitamin which, when added either singly or in combination with food, improves or enriches the nutrient content of food. The list of permitted nutrient supplements is available in the Twelfth Schedule of the Act (Attorney General's Chamber Brunei Darussalam, 2001). Provisions of voluntary fortification claims allow products to bear fortification claims when a specified reference quantity of the fortified food contains not less than a half of the daily allowance of the fortificant. The RDA value of the vitamins (including vitamin A, C, D and E, B vitamins and folate) and minerals (including iodine, iron, calcium and phosphorus) as well as the reference quantity for each food category is specified in its Food Act (Attorney General's Chamber Brunei Darussalam, 2001).
3.1.2. Indonesia
Regulatory authorities stipulate mandatory fortification of salt with iodine (Ministry of Industry, Republic of Indonesia, 2005) and mandatory fortification of wheat flour with iron, zinc, folic acid, vitamins B1 and B2 (Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, 2003; Ministry of Industry, Republic of Indonesia, 2011).
Provisions of voluntary micronutrient fortification claims in food products are that products are only allowed to bear fortification claims when the fortified food contains an increased level of vitamins or minerals of not less than 10% of the Indonesian recommended daily allowance (AKG) as compared to the reference food (BPOM, Indonesia, 2005).
The nutrients with specified provisions for voluntary fortification claims include vitamins A, C, D, E, K, B vitamins and folate, as well as minerals including iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese and selenium. The AKG value for use in nutrition labeling differs for the general consumer and for infants, children, and pregnant and lactating women (BPOM, Indonesia, 2007).
3.1.3. Malaysia
Mandatory fortification of salt with iodine is instituted in certain regions of Malaysia.
The country’s Food Regulations 1985 also states provisions for the addition of nutrient supplements, which refer to any mineral, vitamin, essential amino acid or essential fatty acid which, when added either singly or in combination to food, improves or enriches the nutrient content of food. The list of permitted nutrient supplements is available in the Twelfth Schedule (Legal Research Board, 2009).
Provision of voluntary fortification claims states the minimum amounts of nutrient that need to be provided by the fortified food, depending on the food category (Table S1). The maximum amount of each nutrient in terms of intake units per day is also stipulated in the regulation (Legal Research Board, 2009). The nutrients with specified provisions for voluntary fortification claims include vitamins A, C, D, E, B vitamins and folate, as well as minerals including iron, calcium and phosphorus.
3.1.4. ThePhilippines
The Philippines’ Guidelines on Micronutrient Fortification of Processed Foods, define fortification as “the addition of nutrients to processed foods or food products at levels above the natural state. As an approach to control micronutrient deficiency, food fortification is addition of a micronutrient, deficiency in the diet, to a food which is widely consumed by specific at-risk groups”. The Guidelines were set in recognition of the nutritional deficiency problems observed through a nutrition survey in the Philippines. The deficiencies include energy, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin, as well as ascorbic acid, calcium and folate to a minor extent (FDA Philippines, 1995).
The government stipulates mandatory fortification of rice with iron, salt with iodine, wheat flour with iron and vitamin A, refined sugar with vitamin A, and cooking oil (except those for export) with vitamin A.
The Philippines FDA also regulates voluntary fortification of micronutrients and its claim by stating the minimum nutrient content of the fortified food, depending on the deficiency status of the particular nutrient in the Filipino diet, the establishment of its Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA), level of toxicity, etc (FDA Philippines, 1995; FDA Philippines, 2000). The RDA value for each nutrient is provided in the regulation.
The nutrients with specified provisions for voluntary fortification claims include vitamins A, C, D, E K, B vitamins and folate, iron, potassium, calcium, copper, magnesium, manganese and selenium.
3.1.5. Singapore
No mandatory fortification regulation has been instituted. However, the country’s Sale of Food Act (Chapter 283) Food (Amendment) Regulations 2011 states provisions for addition of nutrient supplements, which are defined as “any amino acid, mineral or vitamin, which when added either singly or in combination with food, improves or enriches the nutrient content of food.” The list of permitted nutrient supplements is available in the Seventh Schedule (AVA, Singapore, 2011). Provision of voluntary fortification claims states that the fortified food per specified reference quantity is required to contain at least 50% of the daily allowance of the nutrient. The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) value of vitamins (including vitamins A, C, D, B vitamins and folate) and minerals (including iodine, iron, calcium and phosphorus) as well as the reference quantity of each food category is specified in the regulation (AVA, Singapore, 2010).
3.1.6. Thailand
The Thai FDA stipulates mandatory fortification of salt with iodine, condensed milk and margarine with vitamin A, and vitaminized rice with vitamins B1, B2 and B3 (FDA, Thailand, 1993, 2000 & 2002).
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Provisions of voluntary fortification claims states that products are only allowed to bear fortification claims when they contain increased levels of vitamins or minerals of not less than 10% of the Thai Recommended Daily Intake (RDI), as compared to the reference food (FDA, Thailand, 1998). It is also stipulated that the RDI value for Thais of ages 6 years and up is to be used as criteria for displaying of nutrition value on food labels. The nutrients with specified provisions for voluntary fortification claims include vitamins A, C, D, E, K, B vitamins and folate, iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, potassium, manganese, selenium, fluoride, molybdenum, chromium and chloride.
3.1.7. Vietnam
Regulatory authorities stipulate mandatory fortification of salt with iodine (Flour Fortification Initiative, 2009). The Ministry of Health launched the Technical Regulation No. 6289/2003/QD-BYT on Food Fortification which provides guidance on the specifications and level of fortificants for voluntary fortification of certain foods – including wheat flour with iron, folic acid, zinc, thiamine and riboflavin, fish sauce with iron, and sugar and vegetable oil with vitamin A (Dao & Huong, 2008).
3.1.8. Cambodia,Laos,Myanmar
Universal salt iodization is the only known provision made on fortification in these countries (UNICEF & FFI).
3.2. By Nutrient
3.2.1. Iodine
Iodization of salt remains the most common mandatory fortification in SEA Region, except in Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, and certain parts of Malaysia. Regulation of salt iodization programs in Southeast Asia, including minimum acceptable levels and maximum tolerable levels, is shown in Table 1A.
Thailand recently gazetted mandatory iodization of fish sauce, hydrolyzed/fermented soy sauce, and brine for cooking, with minimum and maximum levels of 2 mg/l and 3 mg/l, respectively, for fortification using potassium iodate.
The Philippines also regulates voluntary fortification of processed foods that contain at least 40 kilocalories per normal serving with iodine at minimum and maximum levels of 33% and 150% of the RDA for the target consumers, respectively.
The provisions for fortification claims on iodine in countries including Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand are shown in Table 1B. The detailed stipulations for claims on fortification of specific food types with iodine in Malaysia are shown in Table S1.
3.2.2. Iron
Regulation of iron fortification programs is shown in Table 2A. Fortification of wheat flour is mandatory in Indonesia and the Philippines, and voluntary in Vietnam.
The Philippines FDA also mandates iron fortification of rice (except brown rice and locally produced glutinous rice). Staple foods fortified with iron at the stipulated levels are eligible for the Diamond Sangkap Pinoy Seal logo in the Philippines. The Philippines FDA also regulates voluntary fortification of processed foods that contain at least 40 kilocalories per normal serving; products which meet the fortification requirements are eligible for the Sangkap Pinoy Seal logo as well.
Regulatory authorities in Vietnam regulate the voluntary iron fortification of fish sauce.
The provisions for fortification claims on iron in countries including Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand are shown in Table 2B. The detailed stipulations for claims on fortification of specific food types with iron in Malaysia are shown in Table S1.
3.2.3. VitaminA
Regulation of vitamin A fortification programs in SEA is shown in Table 3A. The Thai FDA implements mandatory vitamin A fortification of condensed milk and margarine. The Philippines FDA also implements mandatory vitamin A fortification of wheat flour, refined sugar and cooking oil.
The Philippines FDA states provisions for voluntary fortification of processed foods with vitamin A and beta carotene. Additionally, the Vietnamese Ministry of Health regulates voluntary fortification of sugar and vegetable oil.
The provisions for fortification claims on vitamin A in countries including Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand are shown in Table 3B. The detailed stipulations for claims on fortification of specific food types with vitamin A in Malaysia are shown in Table S1.
3.2.4.FolicAcidandBVitamins
Regulation of B vitamins fortification programs is shown in Table 4A. The Indonesian BPOM stipulates mandatory fortification of wheat flour with folic acid, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. The Vietnamese Ministry of Health stipulates regulations for voluntary fortification of wheat flour as well.
The Philippines FDA states provisions for voluntary fortification of processed foods with B vitamins, while the Thai FDA states provisions for mandatory fortification of vitaminized rice. The provisions for fortification claims on folic acid and B vitamins in Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei, Indonesia and Thailand, are shown in Tables 4B, 4C and 4D, respectively. The detailed stipulations for claims on fortification of specific food types with B vitamins in Malaysia are shown in Table S1.
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3.2.5. Zinc
Regulation of zinc fortification programs is shown in Table 5. Wheat flour fortification with zinc in Indonesia is mandatory, while that in Vietnam is voluntary.
The Philippines FDA regulates voluntary fortification of processed foods with zinc.
Regulatory authorities in Indonesia and Thailand state provisions for fortification claims on zinc as well.
3.2.6. OtherVitaminsandMinerals
Provisions for voluntary fortification of all other vitamins and minerals in the Philippines (Table 6A), Brunei (Table 6B), Indonesia (Table 6C), Singapore (Table 6E) and Thailand (Table 6F) are shown in the respective tables.
Provisions for voluntary fortification of other vitamins and minerals in Malaysia are shown in Table 6D, and the minimum amounts of nutrients for fortification claims are shown in Table S1.
These micronutrients include vitamins C, D, E and K, as well as calcium, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium and selenium.
4. Summary of Survey Findings on Monitoring and Evaluation Processes
Monitoring is crucial to ensure compliance with the stipulated regulations on micronutrient fortification. Since governments have a vital role in ensuring public health, compliance with food fortification regulations, as well as the effective implementation of food fortification programs need to be monitored and evaluated continuously to ensure maximum benefits to target groups and the safety of all consumers (WHO & FAO, 2006). External monitoring by governmental food control authorities should combine technical auditing (checking the performance and the records of the producers’ quality assurance procedures) and inspection (confirming that the technical specifications for the products are being met at factories, packaging sites, and points of entry into the country). These procedures can be added to existing food safety regimes. It would be necessary to verify whether the monitoring systems are actually being implemented, and to understand the levels of compliance to the regulations. Only Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines have provided information on their monitoring systems as seen in Table 7A and Table 7B.
Impact evaluation is also crucial to determine whether or not the food fortification regulations and programs have achieved their objectives of improving the nutritional status of the target populations (WHO & FAO, 2006). Impact
evaluation is, however, rarely performed as it is perceived to be complex and costly. Most of the countries do not have such evaluation processes, and do not conduct reviews of the effectiveness of their regulations.
The actual status of micronutrient deficiencies is not well established in many SEA population segments. It is often not a standard practice to check for these deficiencies in routine medical examinations; in the case of pregnant women, anemia will be measured but not true iron deficiency. It is important to establish a well-grounded basis for estimating the actual micronutrient deficiencies in the target populations.
5. Conclusion and Recommendations
Salt iodization, iron and vitamin A fortification in staples are the most common forms of mandatory fortification in the Southeast Asia region. Zinc and B vitamins fortification are also mandatory in some countries. Most countries have individual regulations on voluntary fortification with various vitamins and minerals. The stipulated fortification amounts, fortification vehicles, as well as the level of regulation differ from one country to another in varying degrees, creating a complex regulatory landscape.
Monitoring compliance is crucial to ensure maximum benefit to target groups and safety of all consumers, while evaluation is needed to assess the impact of fortification on the nutritional status of the target populations; addressing these two aspects within the SEA context would be crucial for fortification regulations and programs to achieve their intended purpose.
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National Agency for Drug and Food Control, Republic of Indonesia. (2007). ReferenceValueforNutritionLabelingofFood. Retrieved from: http://aimi-asi.org/wp/wp-content/files/bpom/AcuanLabelGizi.bpom2007.pdf
President of Republic of Indonesia. (1994). PresidentDecreeNo69Year1994,IodizedSaltProcurement. Retrieved from: http://legislasi.mahkamahagung.go.id/docs/KEPPRES/KEPPRES_1994_69_PENGADAAN%20GARAM%20BERYODIUM.pdf
UNICEF & FFI. NutritionandFoodFortificationStatusinParticipatingCountries. Retrieved from: http://www.unicef.org/eapro/FFI_Regional_Participating_countries_fact_sheet.pdf
WHO and FAO. (2006). Guidelinesonfoodfortificationwithmicronutrients. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guide_food_fortification_micronutrients.pdf
WHO, FAO, UNICEF, GAIN, MI, & FFI. (2009). Recommendationsonwheatandmaizeflourfortification.MeetingReport:InterimConsensusStatement. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/wheat_maize_fort.pdf
9
Cam
bo
dia
Ind
one
sia
Lao
sM
alay
sia
Mya
nmar
Phi
lipp
ines
Thai
land
Vie
tnam
Fort
ifica
ntPo
tass
ium
iod
ate,
So
diu
m io
did
e,
Pota
ssiu
m io
did
e
Pota
ssiu
m io
dat
ePo
tass
ium
iod
ate
Pota
ssiu
m io
dat
e,
Pota
ssiu
m io
did
e,
Sod
ium
iod
ate,
So
diu
m io
did
e
Pota
ssiu
m io
dat
ePo
tass
ium
iod
ate
Pota
ssiu
m io
dat
ePo
tass
ium
iod
ate
Foo
d V
ehic
leSa
ltE
dib
le s
alt
for
hum
an
cons
ump
tion
Salt
Salt
Salt
for
hum
an
and
ani
mal
co
nsum
ptio
n
Foo
d-g
rad
e sa
lt fo
r hu
man
or
anim
al
cons
ump
tion
Ed
ible
sal
t, e
xcep
t th
ose
man
ufac
ture
d fo
r ex
po
rt
Ed
ible
sal
t fo
r hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
n
Stat
usM
and
ato
ryM
and
ato
ryM
and
ato
ryM
and
ato
ry fo
r ce
rtai
n re
gio
ns in
Mal
aysi
aM
and
ato
ryM
and
ato
ryM
and
ato
ryM
and
ato
ry
Min
imum
A
ccep
tab
le L
evel
50-6
0 m
g/k
g a
t th
e p
rod
ucer
leve
l; 30
-60
mg
/kg
at
the
reta
il le
vel
30 m
g/k
g40
-60
mg
/kg
at
the
fact
ory
leve
l an
d
>20
mg
/kg
at
the
hous
eho
ld le
vel
-40
mg
/kg
in t
he p
lant
; 15
mg
/kg
in h
ous
eho
ld20
mg
/kg
30 m
g/k
g20
mg
/kg
at
the
ho
useh
old
leve
l
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el-
--
200m
cg /
day
-70
mg
/kg
100
mg
/kg
-
Lab
elin
g
Req
uire
men
t (e
.g.
log
o/s
ymb
ol)
-SN
I mar
k-
--
Dia
mo
nd
Sang
kap
Pin
oy
Seal
for
Stap
les
--
Nut
rien
t C
ont
ent
and
Co
mp
arat
ive
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d
-Ye
s-
Yes,
follo
w C
OD
EX
-Ye
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
X,
crite
ria b
ased
on
Phili
pp
ines
RE
NI
Yes,
form
at s
imila
r to
C
od
ex, c
riter
ia b
ased
o
n Th
ai R
DI
-
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d-
Yes
-E
ssen
tial f
or
the
fo
rmat
ion
of
thyr
oid
ho
rmo
ne
Co
nditi
ons
: m
eet
the
crite
ria fo
r “s
our
ce o
f” c
laim
-Ye
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
XU
noffi
cial
tra
nsla
tion:
an
inte
gra
l par
t o
f the
th
yro
id h
orm
one
s w
hich
re
gul
ate
gro
wth
and
d
evel
op
men
t o
f bo
dy
and
bra
in
func
tions
-
Dis
ease
Ris
k R
educ
tio
n C
laim
P
erm
itte
d
-N
ot
per
mitt
ed-
No
t p
erm
itted
-Ye
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
XN
ot
per
mitt
ed-
Reg
ulat
ing
bo
dy
Min
istr
y o
f C
om
mer
ceM
inis
try
of I
ndus
try
Foo
d a
nd D
rug
D
epar
tmen
t o
f Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth
Foo
d S
afet
y an
d
Qua
lity
Div
isio
n -
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth
Mal
aysi
a
Mya
nmar
Sal
t an
d
Mar
ine
Che
mic
als
Ent
erp
rise
of t
he
Min
istr
y o
f Min
es
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
th
roug
h Fo
od
and
Dru
g
Ad
min
istr
atio
n (F
DA
) Ph
ilip
pin
es
Foo
d a
nd D
rug
A
dm
inis
trat
ion
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth
Reg
ulat
ion
Nam
e/D
ate
-Sub
-Dec
ree
No
.69,
M
anag
emen
t o
f Io
diz
ed S
alt
Exp
loita
tion
(20-
Oct
-93)
- Jo
int-
PRA
KA
S O
n Th
e M
anag
emen
t
Pro
ced
ures
of A
ll K
ind
of I
od
ized
Sal
t E
xplo
itatio
n (2
-Jul
-04)
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lthR
egul
atio
n o
f the
M
inis
ter
of
Ind
ustr
y N
umb
er 4
2/M
-IN
D/P
ER
/ 11
/20
05 Y
ear
2005
on
Pro
cess
ing
, Pac
kag
ing
an
d L
abel
ing
of
Iod
ized
Sal
t (2
9 N
ove
mb
er 2
005)
Prim
e M
inis
ter’s
D
ecre
e o
n U
nive
rsal
Sal
t Io
diz
atio
n
(1-M
ay-9
5)
- -Foo
d A
ct 1
983
(Act
281
) and
R
egul
atio
ns 1
985
Gui
de
to
Nut
ritio
n La
bel
ing
an
d C
laim
s as
at
Dec
emb
er 2
007
Prim
e M
inis
ter’s
D
ecre
e o
n U
nive
rsal
Sal
t Io
diz
atio
n (1
-May
-95)
- - -Rep
ublic
Act
N
o. 8
172,
An
Act
for
Salt
Iod
izat
ion
Nat
ionw
ide
(20-
Dec
-95)
BC
200
7-00
9,
Up
dat
ed S
tand
ard
s fo
r Io
din
e Le
vel o
f Sal
ts
(10-
Oct
-07)
Bur
eau
Circ
ular
20
07-0
02, G
uid
elin
es in
th
e U
se o
f Nut
ritio
n an
d
Hea
lth C
laim
s in
Fo
od
(2
3-Ja
n-07
)
No
tifica
tion
of
Min
istr
y o
f Pub
lic H
ealth
(M
OPH
) R
e: Io
diz
ed S
alt
(2-M
ar-9
4)
Dec
ree
No
.19,
th
e Pr
od
uctio
n an
d
Sup
ply
of I
od
ized
Sa
lt fo
r H
uman
C
ons
ump
tion
(10-
No
v-99
)
No
te:N
utrie
ntfu
nctio
ncl
aim
isp
erm
itted
inT
haila
ndw
ithc
riter
iab
ased
on
Thai
RD
Iand
nut
rient
func
tion
clai
ms
tate
men
tin
Tha
imus
tco
nfo
rmt
ot
hes
tate
men
tth
atis
set
int
here
gul
atio
n.
Tab
le 1
A. Sa
lt Io
diz
atio
n in
SE
A
10
Co
untr
yB
rune
iIn
do
nesi
aM
alay
sia
Sing
apo
reTh
aila
nd
Fort
ifica
ntPo
tass
ium
iod
ide,
So
diu
m io
did
eIo
din
ePo
tass
ium
iod
ate,
Po
tass
ium
iod
ide,
So
diu
m io
dat
e, S
od
ium
iod
ide
Pota
ssiu
m io
dat
e, P
ota
ssiu
m io
did
e,
Sod
ium
iod
ate,
So
diu
m io
did
eIo
din
e
Foo
d V
ehic
leFo
od
for
hum
an c
ons
ump
tion
Foo
d fo
r hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
nVa
rious
typ
es o
f fo
od
s fr
om
bre
ad t
o
liqui
d fo
od
1
Foo
d fo
r hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
nFo
od
for
hum
an c
ons
ump
tion
Min
imum
A
ccep
tab
le L
evel
1/2
RD
A (5
0 m
cg) /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity
Incr
ease
of 1
0% R
DA
as
com
par
ed
to t
he re
fere
nce
foo
dR
ang
ing
fro
m 2
0 m
cg /
100
g b
read
to
500
mcg
/ 1
00g
ext
ract
of m
eat
or
veg
etab
le
1/2
RD
A (5
0 m
cg) /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ityIn
crea
se o
f 10%
Tha
i RD
I as
com
par
ed t
o t
he re
fere
nce
foo
d
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el-
-20
0mcg
/d
ay30
0mcg
of i
od
ine/
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity-
Nut
rien
t C
ont
ent
and
C
om
par
ativ
e C
laim
Per
mit
ted
Ye
sYe
sYe
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
XYe
sYe
s, fo
rmat
sim
ilar
to C
od
ex, c
riter
ia
bas
ed o
n Th
ai R
DI
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d-
Yes
Ess
entia
l fo
r th
e fo
rmat
ion
of t
hyro
id h
orm
one
(Co
nditi
ons
: mee
t th
e cr
iteria
fo
r “s
our
ce o
f” c
laim
)
Ess
entia
l fo
r th
e sy
nthe
sis
of t
hyro
id h
orm
one
s b
y th
e th
yro
id g
land
.(C
ond
itio
ns: m
eet
the
crite
ria
for
“pre
senc
e o
f” c
laim
(1/6
RD
A))
Uno
ffici
alt
rans
latio
n:
an in
teg
ral p
art
of t
he t
hyro
id
horm
one
s w
hich
reg
ulat
e g
row
th
and
dev
elo
pm
ent
of b
od
y an
d b
rain
fu
nctio
ns
Dis
ease
Ris
k R
educ
tio
n
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d-
No
t p
erm
itted
No
t p
erm
itted
No
t p
erm
itted
No
t p
erm
itted
Reg
ulat
ing
bo
dy
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
Ser
vice
s,
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth
Nat
iona
l Ag
ency
for
Dru
g a
nd
Foo
d C
ont
rol
Foo
d S
afet
y an
d Q
ualit
y D
ivis
ion
- M
inis
try
of H
ealth
Mal
aysi
aA
gri-
Foo
d &
Vet
erin
ary
Aut
horit
y o
f Sin
gap
ore
Foo
d a
nd D
rug
A
dm
inis
trat
ion
Reg
ulat
ion
Nam
e/D
ate
Pub
lic H
ealth
(Fo
od
) A
ct (C
hap
ter
182)
(1-F
eb-0
1)- - Fu
nctio
nal F
oo
d 2
005
Ref
eren
ce V
alue
for
Nut
ritio
n La
bel
ing
of F
oo
d 2
007
- -
Foo
d A
ct 1
983
(Act
281
) and
R
egul
atio
ns 1
985
Gui
de
to N
utrit
ion
Lab
elin
g a
nd C
laim
s as
at
Dec
emb
er 2
007
- -
Sale
of F
oo
d A
ct (C
hap
ter
283,
Se
ctio
n 38
(1))
Foo
d R
egul
atio
ns a
nd
Foo
d (A
men
dm
ent)
R
egul
atio
ns 2
011
A G
uid
e to
Fo
od
Lab
ellin
g
and
Ad
vert
isem
ents
201
0
No
tifica
tion
of t
he M
inis
try
of P
ublic
H
ealth
No
.182
/ 2
541(
1998
), N
utrit
ion
Lab
ellin
g
1In
clud
ing
veg
etab
leju
ice,
frui
tju
ice,
frui
tju
ice
conc
entr
ate,
frui
tsy
rup
,flav
our
eds
yrup
(dilu
ted
acc
ord
ing
to
dire
ctio
ns).
No
te:N
utrie
ntfu
nctio
ncl
aim
isp
erm
itted
inT
haila
ndw
ithc
riter
iab
ased
on
Thai
RD
Iand
nut
rient
func
tion
clai
ms
tate
men
tin
Tha
imus
tco
nfo
rmt
ot
hes
tate
men
tth
atis
set
int
here
gul
atio
n.
Tab
le 1
B. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n io
din
e fo
rtifi
cati
on
in S
EA
11
Co
untr
yIn
do
nesi
aTh
e P
hilip
pin
esV
ietn
am
Fort
ifica
ntE
lem
enta
l iro
nFe
rric
am
mo
nium
citr
ate,
Fer
ric p
hosp
hate
, Fer
ric p
yro
pho
spha
te,
Ferr
ic s
od
ium
pyr
op
hosp
hate
, Fer
rous
fum
arat
e, F
erro
us g
luco
nate
, Fer
rous
la
ctat
e, F
erro
us s
ulfa
te, E
lem
enta
l iro
n (e
lect
roly
tic, I
I red
uced
, p
artic
le s
ize
sho
uld
be ≤
50 m
icro
ns)
Ele
men
tal i
ron
NaF
eED
TA
Foo
d V
ehic
leW
heat
flo
ur-
All
rice,
exc
ept
bro
wn
rice
and
loca
lly p
rod
uced
glu
tino
us r
ice
- W
heat
flo
ur
Pro
cess
ed fo
od
s th
at c
ont
ain
at le
ast
40 k
iloca
lorie
s p
er
norm
al s
ervi
ng
Whe
at fl
our
Fish
sau
ce
Stat
usM
and
ato
ryM
and
ato
ryVo
lunt
ary
Volu
ntar
y
Min
imum
Acc
epta
ble
Lev
el50
mg
/kg
- 60
mg
Fe/
kg r
aw r
ice;
- 70
mg
Fe/
kg w
heat
flo
ur1/
3 R
DA
of t
arg
et c
ons
umer
(4
mg
for
adul
t; 3
.3 m
g fo
r ch
ild)
/ nu
mb
er o
f ser
ving
s lik
ely
to b
e co
nsum
ed in
a d
ay
60 m
g/k
g
300
mg
/L
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el-
- 90
mg
Fe/
kg r
aw r
ice;
-
105
mg
Fe/
kg w
heat
flo
urN
A-
500
mg
/L
Lab
elin
g R
equi
rem
ent
SNI m
ark
Dia
mo
nd S
ang
kap
Pin
oy
Seal
fo
r St
aple
sSa
ngka
p P
ino
y Se
al fo
r Pr
oce
ssed
Fo
od
s-
Nut
rien
t C
ont
ent
and
C
om
par
ativ
e C
laim
Per
mit
ted
Ye
sYe
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
X, c
riter
ia b
ased
on
Phili
pp
ines
RE
NI
-
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im
Per
mit
ted
Yes
Yes,
follo
w C
OD
EX
-
Dis
ease
Ris
k R
educ
tio
n C
laim
P
erm
itte
dN
ot
per
mitt
edYe
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
X-
Reg
ulat
ing
bo
dy
Min
istr
y O
f Ind
ustr
yD
epar
tmen
t o
f Hea
lth t
hro
ugh
Foo
d a
nd D
rug
Ad
min
istr
atio
n (F
DA
) Phi
lipp
ines
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth
Reg
ulat
ion
Nam
e/D
ate
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth R
egul
atio
n o
f th
e M
inis
ter
of I
ndus
try
Num
ber
42
/M-I
ND
/PE
R/
11/2
005
Year
200
5 o
n Pr
oce
ssin
g, P
acka
gin
g a
nd
Lab
elin
g o
f Io
diz
ed S
alt
(29-
No
v-05
)
- -
Rep
ublic
Act
no
897
6, P
hilip
pin
e Fo
od
Fo
rtifi
catio
n A
ct o
f 200
0 (7
-No
v-00
)B
urea
u C
ircul
ar 2
007-
002,
G
uid
elin
es in
the
Use
of N
utrit
ion
and
Hea
lth C
laim
s in
Fo
od
(2
3-Ja
n-07
)
- -
Ad
min
istr
ativ
e O
rder
No
. 4-A
s.
1995
, Gui
del
ines
on
Mic
ronu
trie
nt
Fort
ifica
tion
of P
roce
ssed
Fo
od
s (1
4-Fe
b-9
5)B
urea
u C
ircul
ar 2
007-
002,
G
uid
elin
es in
the
Use
of N
utrit
ion
and
Hea
lth C
laim
s in
Fo
od
(2
3-Ja
n-07
)
Dec
isio
n N
o 6
289/
2003
/QD
-BYT
, Tec
hnic
al R
egul
atio
n o
n
Foo
d F
ort
ifica
tion
(9-D
ec-0
3)
No
te:N
utrie
ntfu
nctio
ncl
aim
isp
erm
itted
inT
haila
ndw
ithc
riter
iab
ased
on
Thai
RD
Iand
nut
rient
func
tion
clai
ms
tate
men
tin
Tha
imus
tco
nfo
rmt
ot
hes
tate
men
tth
atis
set
int
here
gul
atio
n.
Tab
le 2
A. Ir
on
fort
ifica
tio
n p
rog
ram
s in
SE
A
12
Co
untr
yB
rune
iIn
do
nesi
aM
alay
sia
Sing
apo
reTh
aila
nd
Fort
ifica
ntE
lect
roly
tic ir
on,
Fer
ric p
hosp
hate
, Fe
rric
pyr
op
hosp
hate
, Fer
rous
g
luco
nate
, Fer
rous
lact
ate,
Fer
rous
su
lpha
te,
Ele
men
tal i
ron
Iron-
case
in c
om
ple
x, C
arb
ony
l iro
n,
Ele
ctro
lytic
iro
n, F
erric
am
mo
nium
ci
trat
e, F
erric
cas
eina
te, F
erric
ci
trat
e, F
erric
glu
cona
te, F
erric
p
hosp
hate
, Fer
ric p
yro
pho
spha
te,
Ferr
ic s
acch
arat
e, F
erro
us
carb
ona
te, F
erro
us c
itrat
e, F
erro
us
fum
arat
e, F
erro
us g
luco
nate
, Fe
rro
us la
ctat
e, F
erro
us s
ucci
nate
, Fe
rro
us s
ulp
hate
, Hyd
rog
en
red
uced
iro
n, S
od
ium
ferr
ic
pyr
op
hosp
hate
Car
bo
nyl i
ron,
Ele
ctro
lytic
iro
n,
Ferr
ic a
mm
oni
um c
itrat
e, F
erric
ci
trat
e, F
erric
glu
cona
te, F
erric
p
hosp
hate
, Fer
ric p
yro
pho
spha
te,
Ferr
ic s
acch
arat
e, F
erro
us
carb
ona
te, F
erro
us c
itrat
e, F
erro
us
fum
arat
e, F
erro
us g
luco
nate
, Fe
rro
us la
ctat
e, F
erro
us s
ucci
nate
, Fe
rro
us s
ulp
hate
, Hyd
rog
en
red
uced
iro
n, S
od
ium
ferr
ic
pyr
op
hosp
hate
Iron
Foo
d V
ehic
leFo
od
for
hum
an c
ons
ump
tion
Foo
d fo
r hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
nVa
rious
typ
es o
f fo
od
s fr
om
bre
ad
to li
qui
d fo
od
1
Foo
d fo
r hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
nFo
od
for
hum
an c
ons
ump
tion
Min
imum
Acc
epta
ble
Lev
el1/
2 R
DA
(5 m
g) /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity
Incr
ease
of 1
0% R
DA
as
com
par
ed t
o t
he re
fere
nce
foo
dR
ang
ing
fro
m 2
0 m
cg /
10
0 g
bre
ad t
o 5
00 m
cg /
100
g
extr
act
of m
eat
or
veg
etab
le
1/2
RD
A (5
mg
) / s
pec
ified
re
fere
nce
qua
ntity
Incr
ease
of 1
0% T
hai R
DI a
s co
mp
ared
to
the
refe
renc
e fo
od
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el-
-20
0 m
cg /
day
30 m
g o
f iro
n /
spec
ified
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity-
Nut
rien
t C
ont
ent
and
C
om
par
ativ
e C
laim
Per
mit
ted
Ye
sYe
sYe
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
XYe
sYe
s, fo
rmat
sim
ilar
to C
od
ex,
crite
ria b
ased
on
Thai
RD
I
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d-
Yes
Fact
or
in re
d b
loo
d c
ell f
orm
atio
n;
com
po
nent
of h
aem
og
lob
in in
red
b
loo
d c
ell w
hich
car
ry o
xyg
en t
o a
ll p
arts
of t
he b
od
y.
(Co
nditi
ons
: mee
t th
e cr
iteria
for
“so
urce
of”
cla
im)
An
imp
ort
ant
com
po
nent
of r
ed
blo
od
cel
ls w
hich
car
ry o
xyg
en
to a
ll p
arts
of t
he b
od
y to
hel
p
the
bo
dy’
s p
rod
uctio
n o
f ene
rgy;
ne
eded
to
pro
duc
e ha
emo
glo
bin
, th
e p
rote
in in
red
blo
od
cel
ls t
hat
carr
ies
oxy
gen
to
tis
sues
nee
ded
to
pro
duc
e m
yog
lob
in, t
he p
rote
in
that
hel
ps
sup
ply
oxy
gen
to
m
uscl
e.
(Co
nditi
ons
: mee
t th
e cr
iteria
for
“pre
senc
e o
f” c
laim
(1/6
RD
A))
Yes,
crit
eria
bas
ed o
n Th
ai R
DI a
nd
nutr
ient
func
tion
clai
m s
tate
men
t m
ust
conf
orm
to
the
sta
tem
ent
that
se
t in
the
reg
ulat
ion.
Uno
ffici
alt
rans
latio
n: a
n in
dis
pen
sab
le c
om
po
nent
of
hem
og
lob
in in
red
blo
od
cel
ls
Dis
ease
Ris
k R
educ
tio
n C
laim
Per
mit
ted
-N
ot
per
mitt
edN
ot
per
mitt
edN
ot
per
mitt
edN
ot
per
mitt
ed
Reg
ulat
ing
bo
dy
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
Ser
vice
s,
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth
Nat
iona
l Ag
ency
for
Dru
g
and
Fo
od
Co
ntro
l Fo
od
Saf
ety
and
Qua
lity
Div
isio
n -
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth M
alay
sia
Ag
ri-Fo
od
& V
eter
inar
y A
utho
rity
of S
ing
apo
reFo
od
and
Dru
g
Ad
min
istr
atio
n
Reg
ulat
ion
Nam
e/D
ate
Pub
lic H
ealth
(Fo
od
) Act
(C
hap
ter
182)
(1-F
eb-0
1)- -
Func
tiona
l Fo
od
200
5R
efer
ence
Val
ue fo
r N
utrit
ion
Lab
elin
g
- -
Foo
d A
ct 1
983
(Act
281
) and
R
egul
atio
ns 1
985
Gui
de
to N
utrit
ion
Lab
elin
g a
nd
Cla
ims
as a
t D
ecem
ber
200
7
- -
Sale
of F
oo
d A
ct (C
hap
ter
283,
Se
ctio
n 38
(1))
Foo
d R
egul
atio
ns
and
Fo
od
(Am
end
men
t)
Reg
ulat
ions
201
1A
Gui
de
to F
oo
d L
abel
ling
and
A
dve
rtis
emen
ts 2
010
No
tifica
tion
of t
he M
inis
try
of
Pub
lic H
ealth
No
.182
/ 2
541(
1998
), N
utrit
ion
Lab
ellin
g
Tab
le 2
B. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n ir
on
fort
ifica
tio
n in
SE
A
1In
clud
ing
veg
etab
leju
ice,
frui
tju
ice,
frui
tju
ice
conc
entr
ate,
frui
tsy
rup
,flav
our
eds
yrup
(dilu
ted
acc
ord
ing
to
dire
ctio
ns).
13
Co
untr
yTh
e P
hilip
pin
esTh
aila
ndV
ietn
am
Fort
ifica
ntR
etin
ol a
ceta
te, r
etin
ol p
alm
itate
Ret
ino
l ace
tate
, re
tino
l pal
mita
teB
eta
caro
tene
(P
rovi
tam
in A
)V
itam
in A
Vita
min
A p
alm
itate
Foo
d V
ehic
le-
Whe
at fl
our
; -
Refi
ned
sug
ar-
Co
oki
ng o
il fo
r hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
n
ex
cep
t fo
r ex
po
rt
Pro
cess
ed fo
od
s th
at c
ont
ain
at le
ast
40
kilo
calo
ries
per
no
rmal
ser
ving
- C
ond
ense
d m
ilk-
Mar
gar
ine
- S
ugar
- v
eget
able
oil
Stat
usM
and
ato
ryVo
lunt
ary
Man
dat
ory
Volu
ntar
y
Min
imum
Acc
epta
ble
Lev
el-
6.5
mg
retin
ol /
kg w
heat
flo
ur
- 1
.0 m
g/k
g re
fined
sug
ar-
12
mg
RE
/L c
oo
king
oil
1/3
RD
A o
f the
tar
get
co
nsum
er /
to
tal
num
ber
of s
ervi
ngs
likel
y to
be
cons
umed
in
a d
ay
- 3
3.0
mg
RE
/kg
co
nden
sed
milk
- 2
5 IU
/g m
arg
arin
e*-
15
mg
/kg
sug
ar-
50
IU/g
veg
etab
le o
il (1
5 m
g R
E/k
g)*
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el-
30.
0 m
g re
tino
l /kg
whe
at fl
our
-
30.
0 m
g/k
g re
fined
sug
ar-
23
mg
RE
/L c
oo
king
oil
150%
of t
he R
DA
for
the
targ
et c
ons
umer
NA
--
30
mg
/kg
sug
ar-
100
IU/g
veg
etab
le o
il (3
0 m
g R
E/k
g)*
Lab
elin
g R
equi
rem
ent
Dia
mo
nd S
ang
kap
Pin
oy
Seal
for
Stap
les
Sang
kap
Pin
oy
Seal
fo
r Pr
oce
ssed
Fo
od
s-
-
Nut
rien
t C
ont
ent
and
Co
mp
arat
ive
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d
Yes,
follo
w C
OD
EX
, crit
eria
bas
ed o
n Ph
ilip
pin
es R
EN
IYe
s, fo
rmat
sim
ilar
to C
od
ex,
crite
ria b
ased
on
Thai
RD
I-
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
dYe
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
XYe
s, c
riter
ia b
ased
on
Thai
RD
I and
nu
trie
nt fu
nctio
n cl
aim
sta
tem
ent
mus
t co
nfo
rm t
o t
he s
tate
men
t th
at is
set
in t
he
reg
ulat
ion.
Uno
ffici
alt
rans
latio
n: h
elp
pro
mo
te n
orm
al
gro
wth
and
dev
elo
pm
ent;
hel
p d
evel
op
vi
sio
n; s
upp
ort
the
dev
elo
pm
ent
and
m
aint
enan
ce o
f ep
ithel
ial c
ells
in m
ucus
m
emb
rane
s
-
Dis
ease
Ris
k R
educ
tio
n C
laim
Per
mit
ted
Yes,
follo
w C
OD
EX
No
t p
erm
itted
-
Reg
ulat
ing
bo
dy
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
thr
oug
h Fo
od
and
Dru
g A
dm
inis
trat
ion
(FD
A) P
hilip
pin
esFo
od
and
Dru
g A
dm
inis
trat
ion
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth
Reg
ulat
ion
Nam
e/D
ate
- -
Rep
ublic
Act
no
897
6, P
hilip
pin
e Fo
od
Fo
rtifi
catio
n A
ct o
f 200
0 (7
-No
v-00
)B
urea
u C
ircul
ar 2
007-
002,
Gui
del
ines
in t
he
Use
of N
utrit
ion
and
Hea
lth C
laim
s in
Fo
od
(2
3-Ja
n-07
)
- -
Ad
min
istr
ativ
e O
rder
No
. 4-A
s. 1
995,
G
uid
elin
es o
n M
icro
nutr
ient
Fo
rtifi
catio
n o
f Pro
cess
ed F
oo
ds
(14-
Feb
-95)
Bur
eau
Circ
ular
200
7-00
2, G
uid
elin
es in
the
U
se o
f Nut
ritio
n an
d H
ealth
Cla
ims
in F
oo
d
(23-
Jan-
07)
- -
No
tifica
tion
of t
he M
inis
try
of P
ublic
Hea
lth
No
. 265
B.E
. 254
5 (2
002)
(1
9-D
ec-0
2) –
co
nden
sed
milk
No
tifica
tion
of t
he M
inis
try
of
Pub
lic H
ealth
(No
. 207
) B.E
. 254
3 (2
000)
(2
4-Ja
n-01
) – m
arg
arin
e
Dec
isio
n N
o 6
289/
2003
/QD
-BYT
,Te
chni
cal R
egul
atio
n o
n Fo
od
Fo
rtifi
catio
n (9
-Dec
-03)
*1
IU=
0.3
mcg
Ret
ino
lEq
uiva
lent
Tab
le 3
A. V
itam
in A
fo
rtifi
cati
on
pro
gra
ms
in S
EA
14
Co
untr
yB
rune
iIn
do
nesi
aM
alay
sia
Sing
apo
reTh
aila
nd
Fort
ifica
ntV
itam
in A
, vita
min
A a
ceta
te, v
itam
in
A a
lco
hol,
vita
min
A p
alm
itate
, B
eta-
caro
tene
Vita
min
A, c
aro
teno
idR
etin
ol,
Ret
inyl
ace
tate
, R
etin
yl p
alm
itate
, Ret
inyl
p
rop
iona
te, B
eta-
caro
tene
Ret
ino
l, R
etin
yl a
ceta
te,
Ret
inyl
pal
mita
te, R
etin
yl
pro
pio
nate
, Bet
a-ca
rote
ne
Vita
min
A
Foo
d V
ehic
leFo
od
for
hum
an c
ons
ump
tion
Foo
d fo
r hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
nVa
rious
typ
es o
f fo
od
s fr
om
bre
ad t
o
liqui
d fo
od
Foo
d fo
r hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
nFo
od
for
hum
an c
ons
ump
tion
Min
imum
Acc
epta
ble
Lev
el1/
2 R
DA
(375
mcg
) /
spec
ified
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity
Incr
ease
of 1
0% R
DA
as
com
par
ed
to t
he re
fere
nce
foo
dR
ang
ing
fro
m 5
00 IU
of
Vita
min
A /
100
g b
read
to
12,0
00
IU o
f Vita
min
A /
100
g e
xtra
ct
of m
eat
or
veg
etab
le*
1/2
RD
A (3
75 m
cg) /
sp
ecifi
ed re
fere
nce
qua
ntity
In
crea
se o
f 10%
Tha
i RD
I as
com
par
ed t
o t
he re
fere
nce
foo
d
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el-
-50
00 IU
/ d
ay*
750
mcg
of r
etin
ol a
ctiv
ity /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity-
Nut
rien
t C
ont
ent
and
C
om
par
ativ
e C
laim
Per
mit
ted
Ye
sYe
sYe
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
XYe
sYe
s, fo
rmat
sim
ilar
to C
od
ex, c
riter
ia
bas
ed o
n Th
ai R
DI
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d-
Yes
Aid
s in
mai
ntai
ning
the
hea
lth
of s
kin
and
muc
ous
mem
bra
ne;
esse
ntia
l fo
r th
e fu
nctio
ning
o
f the
eye
s(C
ond
itio
ns: m
eet
the
crite
ria fo
r “s
our
ce o
f” c
laim
)
Ess
entia
l fo
r th
e fu
nctio
ning
o
f the
eye
(Co
nditi
ons
: mee
t th
e cr
iteria
for
“pre
senc
e o
f” c
laim
(1/6
RD
A))
Uno
ffici
alt
rans
latio
n: H
elp
pro
mo
te
norm
al g
row
th a
nd d
evel
op
men
t;
help
dev
elo
p v
isio
n; s
upp
ort
the
d
evel
op
men
t an
d m
aint
enan
ce o
f ep
ithel
ial c
ells
in m
ucus
mem
bra
nes
Dis
ease
Ris
k R
educ
tio
n C
laim
Per
mit
ted
-N
ot
per
mitt
edN
ot
per
mitt
edN
ot
per
mitt
edN
ot
per
mitt
ed
Reg
ulat
ing
bo
dy
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
Ser
vice
s,
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth
Nat
iona
l Ag
ency
for
Dru
g a
nd
Foo
d C
ont
rol
Foo
d S
afet
y an
d Q
ualit
y D
ivis
ion
- M
inis
try
of H
ealth
Mal
aysi
aA
gri-
Foo
d &
Vet
erin
ary
Aut
horit
y o
f Sin
gap
ore
Foo
d a
nd D
rug
Ad
min
istr
atio
n
Reg
ulat
ion
Nam
e/D
ate
Pub
lic H
ealth
(Fo
od
) A
ct (C
hap
ter
182)
(1-F
eb-0
1)- -
Func
tiona
l Fo
od
200
5R
efer
ence
Val
ue fo
r N
utrit
ion
Lab
elin
g o
f Fo
od
200
7
- -
Foo
d A
ct 1
983
(Act
281
) and
R
egul
atio
ns 1
985
Gui
de
to N
utrit
ion
Lab
elin
g a
nd
Cla
ims
as a
t D
ecem
ber
200
7
- -
Sale
of F
oo
d A
ct (C
hap
ter
283,
Se
ctio
n 38
(1))
Foo
d R
egul
atio
ns
and
Fo
od
(Am
end
men
t)
Reg
ulat
ions
201
1A
Gui
de
to F
oo
d L
abel
ling
and
A
dve
rtis
emen
ts 2
010
No
tifica
tion
of t
he M
inis
try
of
Pub
lic H
ealth
No
.182
/ 2
541(
1998
), N
utrit
ion
Lab
ellin
g
Tab
le 3
B. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n vi
tam
in A
fo
rtifi
cati
on
in S
EA
*1
IU=
0.3
mcg
Ret
ino
lEq
uiva
lent
No
te:N
utrie
ntfu
nctio
ncl
aim
isp
erm
itted
inT
haila
ndw
ithc
riter
iab
ased
on
Thai
RD
Iand
nut
rient
func
tion
clai
ms
tate
men
tin
Tha
imus
tco
nfo
rmt
ot
hes
tate
men
tth
atis
set
int
here
gul
atio
n.
15
Co
untr
yIn
do
nesi
aTh
e P
hilip
pin
esTh
aila
ndV
ietn
am
Fort
ifica
nt-
Folic
aci
d-
Vita
min
B1:
Thi
amin
- V
itam
in B
2: R
ibo
flavi
n
- - - - - - -
B1:
Thi
amin
Hyd
roch
lorid
e,
Thia
min
Mo
noni
trat
eB
2: R
ibo
flavi
n, R
ibo
flavi
n-5-
pho
spha
te
(so
diu
m s
alt
of)
B3:
Nia
cin
or
nico
tinic
aci
d, N
iaci
nam
ide
or
nico
tinam
ide,
Nia
cina
mid
e as
corb
ate
B6:
Pyr
ido
xine
Hyd
roch
lorid
eB
7: B
iotin
B12
: Cya
noco
bal
amin
Oth
er B
Vita
min
s : F
olic
aci
d, P
anto
then
ic
acid
(cal
cium
sal
t o
f), p
anth
eno
l
- B
1: T
hiam
in
- B
2: R
ibo
flavi
n-
B3:
Nic
otin
ic a
cid
, Nic
otin
amid
e
- Fo
lic a
cid
- V
itam
in B
1: T
hiam
in-
Vita
min
B2:
Rib
ofla
vin
Foo
d V
ehic
leW
heat
flo
urPr
oce
ssed
foo
ds
that
co
ntai
n at
leas
t
40 k
iloca
lorie
s p
er n
orm
al s
ervi
ngV
itam
iniz
ed r
ice
Whe
at fl
our
Stat
usM
and
ato
ryVo
lunt
ary
Man
dat
ory
Volu
ntar
y
Min
imum
Acc
epta
ble
Lev
el-
2 m
g fo
lic a
cid
/kg
-
2.5
mg
vita
min
B1
/kg
- 4
mg
vita
min
B2
/kg
- -
Vita
min
B1,
B2,
Oth
er B
Vita
min
s :
1/3
RD
A o
f the
tar
get
co
nsum
erV
itam
in B
3, B
6, B
7, B
12: 1
/5 R
DA
of t
he
targ
et c
ons
umer
- 4
mg
vita
min
B1
/kg
- 3
mg
vita
min
B2
/kg
- 37
mg
vita
min
B3
/kg
- 2
mg
folic
aci
d /
kg
- 2.
5 m
g v
itam
in B
1 /k
g-
4 m
g v
itam
in B
2 /k
g
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el-
NA
--
Lab
elin
g R
equi
rem
ent
SNI m
ark
--
-
Nut
rien
t C
ont
ent
and
Co
mp
arat
ive
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d
Yes
Yes,
follo
w C
OD
EX
, crit
eria
bas
ed o
n Ph
ilip
pin
es R
EN
IYe
s, fo
rmat
sim
ilar
to C
od
ex,
crite
ria b
ased
on
Thai
RD
I-
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
dN
o fo
r fo
lic a
cid
Yes
for
Vita
min
B1
and
B2
Yes,
follo
w C
OD
EX
Yes,
crit
eria
bas
ed o
n Th
ai R
DI a
nd n
utrie
nt
func
tion
clai
m s
tate
men
t m
ust
conf
orm
to
th
e st
atem
ent
that
set
in t
he re
gul
atio
n.
Uno
ffici
alt
rans
latio
n:V
itam
in B
1: h
elp
s in
car
bo
hyd
rate
m
etab
olis
m; p
artly
hel
ps
in fu
nctio
n o
f ne
rvo
us a
nd m
uscu
lar
syst
emV
itam
in B
2: h
elp
s in
the
met
abo
lism
of
carb
ohy
dra
tes,
pro
tein
s an
d fa
tsN
iaci
n: h
elp
mai
ntai
n th
e co
nditi
on
of
muc
ous
in t
he d
iges
tive
syst
em a
nd k
eep
sk
in h
ealth
y; h
elp
s in
the
met
abo
lism
of
carb
ohy
dra
tes,
pro
tein
s an
d fa
ts.
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth
Dis
ease
Ris
k R
educ
tio
n C
laim
Per
mit
ted
Yes
for
folic
aci
dN
o fo
r V
itam
in B
1 an
d B
2Ye
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
XN
ot
per
mitt
ed
Reg
ulat
ing
bo
dy
- M
inis
try
Of I
ndus
try
- M
inis
try
of H
ealth
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
thr
oug
h Fo
od
and
D
rug
Ad
min
istr
atio
n (F
DA
) Phi
lipp
ines
Foo
d a
nd D
rug
Ad
min
istr
atio
n
Reg
ulat
ion
Nam
e/D
ate
- -
Min
iste
r o
f Ind
ustr
y D
ecre
e N
o. 4
9/M
-IN
D/
PER
/7/2
008,
Man
dat
ory
Enf
orc
emen
t o
f W
heat
Flo
ur a
s Fo
od
(1
4-Ju
l-08)
Min
iste
r o
f Hea
lth D
ecre
e N
o 1
452/
ME
NK
ES/
SK/X
/200
3, W
heat
Flo
ur
Fort
ifica
tion
(7-O
ct-0
3)
- -
Ad
min
istr
ativ
e O
rder
No
. 4-A
s. 1
995,
G
uid
elin
es o
n M
icro
nutr
ient
Fo
rtifi
catio
n o
f Pro
cess
ed F
oo
ds
(14-
Feb
-95)
Bur
eau
Circ
ular
200
7-00
2, G
uid
elin
es in
th
e U
se o
f Nut
ritio
n an
d H
ealth
Cla
ims
in
Foo
d (
23-J
an-0
7)
No
tifica
tion
of M
inis
try
of P
ublic
Hea
lth
(MO
PH) N
o.1
50 (1
993)
D
ecis
ion
No
628
9/20
03/Q
D-B
YT,
Tech
nica
l Reg
ulat
ion
on
Foo
d F
ort
ifica
tion
(9-D
ec-0
3)
Tab
le 4
A. Fo
lic a
cid
and
B v
itam
ins
fort
ifica
tio
n p
rog
ram
s in
SE
A
16
Nut
rien
tV
itam
in B
1V
itam
in B
2V
itam
in B
3V
itam
in B
5V
itam
in B
6V
itam
in B
7V
itam
in B
12
Fola
te
Fort
ifica
ntTh
iam
ine
chlo
ride
hyd
roch
lorid
e, t
hiam
ine
hyd
roch
lorid
e, t
hiam
ine
mo
noni
trat
e
Rib
ofla
vin,
rib
ofla
vin-
5-p
hosp
hate
, rib
ofla
vin-
5-p
hosp
hate
so
diu
m
Nia
cin,
nia
cina
mid
e,
nico
tinic
aci
d,
nico
tinam
ide
Cal
cium
pan
toth
enat
e,
d-p
anto
then
ic a
cid
, d
-pan
toth
enyl
alc
oho
l, p
anth
eno
l
Pyrid
oxa
l, p
yrid
oxa
min
, p
yrid
oxi
ne, p
yrid
oxi
ne
hyd
roch
lorid
e
d-b
iotin
Cya
noco
bal
amin
, hy
dro
xyco
bal
amin
Fola
cin,
folic
aci
d
Min
imum
A
ccep
tab
le L
evel
Ran
gin
g fr
om
0.
21 -
5.0
0 m
g /
100
g d
epen
din
g o
n fo
od
typ
e*
Ran
gin
g fr
om
0.
33 -
8.0
0 m
g /
10
0 g
dep
end
ing
on
foo
d t
ype*
Ran
gin
g fr
om
2.
3 -
55.0
0 m
g /
10
0 g
dep
end
ing
on
foo
d t
ype*
Ran
gin
g fr
om
1.46
- 3
5.00
mg
/
100
g d
epen
din
g o
n fo
od
typ
e*
Ran
gin
g fr
om
0.
42 -
10.
00 m
g /
10
0 g
dep
end
ing
on
foo
d t
ype*
Ran
gin
g fr
om
40
-10
00 m
cg/
100
g d
epen
din
g o
n fo
od
typ
e*
Ran
gin
g fr
om
0.
3 -
2.4
mcg
/10
0 g
dep
end
ing
on
foo
d t
ype*
Ran
gin
g fr
om
8
- 64
mcg
/
100
g d
epen
din
g o
n fo
od
typ
e*
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el2.
2 m
g /
day
3.2
mg
/ d
ay22
mg
/ d
ay14
mg
/ d
ay40
0 m
cg /
day
400
mcg
/ d
ay40
0 m
cg /
day
400m
cg /
day
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d(C
ond
itio
ns: m
eet
the
crite
ria fo
r “s
our
ce o
f” c
laim
)
Nee
ded
for
the
rele
ase
of e
nerg
y fr
om
ca
rbo
hyd
rate
Nee
ded
for
the
rele
ase
of e
nerg
y fr
om
pro
tein
s,
fats
and
car
bo
hyd
rate
s
Nee
ded
for
the
rele
ase
of e
nerg
y fr
om
pro
tein
s,
fats
and
car
bo
hyd
rate
s
--
-N
eed
ed fo
r re
d b
loo
d
cell
pro
duc
tion
Folic
aci
d is
ess
entia
l fo
r g
row
th a
nd
div
isio
n o
f cel
ls;
Fola
te p
lays
a ro
le
in a
form
atio
n o
f re
d b
loo
d c
ells
and
he
lps
to m
aint
ain
the
gro
wth
and
d
evel
op
men
t o
f the
fo
etus
*C
laim
on
fort
ifica
tion
isa
llow
edo
nva
rious
typ
eso
ffo
od
sfr
om
bre
adt
oli
qui
dfo
od
.
No
te:N
utrie
ntc
ont
enta
ndc
om
par
ativ
ecl
aim
are
per
mitt
ed,f
ollo
win
gC
od
ex.D
isea
seri
skre
duc
tion
clai
mis
no
tper
mitt
ed.T
hec
laim
on
Bv
itam
ins
fort
ifica
tion
isre
gul
ated
by
Foo
dA
ct1
983
(Act
281
)and
Reg
ulat
ions
198
5&
Gui
de
toN
utrit
ion
Lab
elin
ga
nd
Cla
ims
asa
tD
ecem
ber
200
7un
der
the
Fo
od
Saf
ety
and
Qua
lity
Div
isio
n,M
inis
try
ofH
ealth
,Mal
aysi
a.
Tab
le 4
B. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n fo
late
and
B v
itam
ins
fort
ifica
tio
n in
Mal
aysi
a
17
Nut
rien
tV
itam
in B
1V
itam
in B
2V
itam
in B
3V
itam
in B
6V
itam
in B
12
Fola
te
Fort
ifica
ntTh
iam
in, a
neur
ine,
thi
amin
hy
dro
chlo
ride,
thi
amin
m
ono
nitr
ate
Rib
ofla
vin,
rib
ofla
vin-
5-p
hosp
hate
so
diu
mN
iaci
n, n
iaci
nam
ide,
ni
cotin
ic a
cid
, nic
otin
amid
ePy
rido
xal,
pyr
ido
xam
in,
pyr
ido
xine
, pyr
ido
xine
hy
dro
chlo
ride
Co
bal
amin
, cya
noco
bal
amin
, hy
dro
xyco
bal
amin
Folic
aci
d
Min
imum
A
ccep
tab
le L
evel
1/2
RD
A (0
.5 m
g) /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity1/
2 R
DA
(0.7
5 m
g) /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity1/
2 R
DA
(8 m
g) /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity1/
2 R
DA
(1 m
g) /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity1/
2 R
DA
(1 m
cg) /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity1/
2 R
DA
(100
mcg
) / s
pec
ified
re
fere
nce
qua
ntity
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im
Per
mit
ted
(Co
nditi
ons
: mee
t th
e cr
iteria
fo
r “s
our
ce o
f” c
laim
)
Hel
ps
to re
leas
e en
erg
y fr
om
pro
tein
s, fa
ts a
nd
carb
ohy
dra
tes.
Hel
ps
to re
leas
e en
erg
y fr
om
pro
tein
s, fa
ts a
nd
carb
ohy
dra
tes
Hel
ps
to re
leas
e en
erg
y fr
om
pro
tein
s, fa
ts a
nd
carb
ohy
dra
tes
Imp
ort
ant
for
the
pro
duc
tion
of e
nerg
yN
eces
sary
for
fat,
ca
rbo
hyd
rate
and
pro
tein
m
etab
olis
m; n
eed
ed fo
r/he
lps
in t
he fo
rmat
ion
of r
edb
loo
d c
ells
For
pre
gna
nt w
om
en:
help
s su
pp
ort
foet
us’ g
row
th
and
ove
rall
dev
elo
pm
ent;
pla
ys a
role
in t
he fo
rmat
ion
of
red
blo
od
cel
ls;
take
n b
efo
re a
nd d
urin
g
early
pre
gna
ncy,
hel
ps
in t
he
men
tal/
norm
al a
nd o
vera
ll d
evel
op
men
t o
f fo
etus
; es
sent
ial/
imp
ort
ant
for
gro
wth
an
d d
ivis
ion
of c
ells
No
te:C
laim
on
fort
ifica
tion
isa
llow
edo
nfo
od
for
hum
anc
ons
ump
tion.
Sin
gap
ore
do
esn
ot
set
max
imum
allo
wab
leli
mit.
Nut
rient
co
nten
tan
dc
om
par
ativ
ecl
aim
are
per
mitt
ed.D
isea
ser
isk
red
uctio
ncl
aim
isn
ot
per
mitt
ed.T
hec
laim
on
fort
ifica
tion
by
Ag
ri-Fo
od
&V
eter
inar
yA
utho
rity
ofS
ing
apo
reis
as
stip
ulat
edu
nder
the
Sal
eo
fFo
od
Act
(Cha
pte
r28
3,S
ectio
n38
(1))
Foo
dR
egul
atio
nsa
ndF
oo
d(A
men
dm
ent)
Reg
ulat
ions
201
1an
dt
heG
uid
eto
Fo
od
Lab
ellin
ga
ndA
dve
rtis
emen
ts2
010
Tab
le 4
C. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n fo
late
and
B v
itam
ins
fort
ifica
tio
n in
Sin
gap
ore
18
Nut
rien
tV
itam
in B
1V
itam
in B
2V
itam
in B
3V
itam
in B
5V
itam
in B
6V
itam
in B
7V
itam
in B
12
Fola
te
Fort
ifica
ntTh
iam
ine,
thi
amin
ehy
dro
chlo
ride,
thia
min
e m
ono
nitr
ate
Rib
ofla
vin,
rib
ofla
vin-
5-p
hosp
hate
Nia
cin,
nia
cina
mid
e,
nico
tinic
aci
d,
nico
tinam
ide
Cal
cium
pan
toth
enat
e,
sod
ium
pan
toth
enat
e,
d-p
anto
then
ic a
cid
, d
-pan
toth
enyl
alc
oho
l,
Pyrid
oxa
l, p
yrid
oxa
min
, p
yrid
oxi
ne, p
yrid
oxi
ne
hyd
roch
lorid
e
Bio
tinV
itam
in B
12Fo
lic a
cid
Min
imum
A
ccep
tab
le L
evel
(B
rune
i)
1/2
RD
A (0
.5 m
g) /
sp
ecifi
ed re
fere
nce
qua
ntity
1/2
RD
A (0
.75
mg
) /
spec
ified
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity
1/2
RD
A (8
mg
) /
spec
ified
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity
1/2
RD
A (3
.5 m
g) /
sp
ecifi
ed re
fere
nce
qua
ntity
1/2
RD
A (1
mg
) /
spec
ified
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity
1/2
RD
A (1
00 m
cg) /
sp
ecifi
ed re
fere
nce
qua
ntity
1/2
RD
A (1
.5 m
cg) /
sp
ecifi
ed re
fere
nce
qua
ntity
1/2
RD
A (0
.2 m
g) /
sp
ecifi
ed re
fere
nce
qua
ntity
Min
imum
A
ccep
tab
le L
evel
(In
do
nesi
a /
Thai
land
)
Incr
ease
d o
f 10%
RD
A o
r Th
ai R
DI a
s co
mp
ared
to
the
refe
renc
e fo
od
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d
(Ind
one
sia)
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d
(Tha
iland
) –
Uno
ffici
al tr
ansl
atio
n
Hel
ps
in c
arb
ohy
dra
te
met
abo
lism
; par
tly
help
s in
func
tion
of
nerv
ous
and
mus
cula
r sy
stem
Hel
ps
in t
he m
etab
olis
m
of c
arb
ohy
dra
tes,
p
rote
ins
and
fats
Hel
p m
aint
ain
the
cond
itio
n o
f muc
ous
in
the
dig
estiv
e sy
stem
an
d k
eep
ski
n he
alth
y;
help
s in
the
met
abo
lism
o
f car
bo
hyd
rate
s,
pro
tein
s an
d fa
ts
Hel
p in
util
izin
g
(met
abo
lism
of)
fat
and
car
bo
hyd
rate
; he
lp in
util
izin
g fa
t an
d
carb
ohy
dra
te; h
elp
in
met
abo
lism
of f
at a
nd
carb
ohy
dra
te
Pro
mo
tes
red
blo
od
ce
lls fo
rmat
ion;
hel
ps
in p
rod
ucin
g n
eces
sary
m
etab
olit
e fo
r m
aint
aini
ng t
he n
orm
al
nerv
e fu
nctio
n
Imp
ort
ant
com
po
nent
in
utili
zing
(met
abo
lism
of)
fat
and
car
bo
hyd
rate
; Im
po
rtan
t co
mp
one
nt
in u
tiliz
ing
fat
and
ca
rbo
hyd
rate
; Im
po
rtan
t co
mp
one
nt in
m
etab
olis
m o
f fat
and
ca
rbo
hyd
rate
Hel
p in
syn
thes
is o
f es
sent
ial s
ubst
ance
s fo
r fo
rmat
ion
of r
ed b
loo
d
cells
; hel
p p
rom
ote
fu
nctio
n o
f the
ner
vous
an
d b
rain
sys
tem
.
Nec
essa
ry fo
r th
e fo
rmat
ion
of r
ed b
loo
d
cells
; nec
essa
ry
for
reg
ulat
ing
em
bry
oni
c ne
ural
tu
be
and
ner
ve c
ell
form
atio
n in
ear
ly
pre
gna
ncy.
No
te:C
laim
on
fort
ifica
tion
inB
rune
i,In
do
nesi
a,a
ndT
haila
ndis
allo
wed
on
foo
dfo
rhu
man
co
nsum
ptio
n.B
rune
i,In
do
nesi
a,a
ndT
haila
ndd
on
ot
set
max
imum
allo
wab
leli
mit.
Nut
rient
func
tion
clai
ma
ndd
isea
sere
duc
tion
clai
ma
ren
ot
per
mitt
edin
Bru
nei.
Nut
rient
co
nten
tand
co
mp
arat
ive
clai
ms
are
per
mitt
edin
Ind
one
sia
fora
llth
eab
ove
mic
ronu
trie
nts
exce
ptv
itam
inB
7.E
xcep
tfo
rfo
lica
cid
,dis
ease
red
uctio
ncl
aim
isn
otp
erm
itted
inIn
do
nesi
a.N
utrie
ntc
ont
ent,
co
mp
arat
ive,
and
func
tion
clai
ms
are
per
mitt
ed
inT
haila
ndfo
ral
lthe
ab
ove
mic
ronu
trie
nts,
with
crit
eria
bas
edo
nTh
aiR
DI;
nutr
ient
func
tion
clai
ms
tate
men
tm
ust
com
form
to
the
sta
tem
ent
that
iss
etin
the
reg
ulat
ion.
Dis
ease
ris
kre
duc
tion
clai
mis
no
tp
erm
itted
inT
haila
nd.
Pro
visi
on
on
fort
ifica
tio
ncl
aim
inB
rune
iis
mad
ein
Pub
licH
ealt
h(F
oo
d)
Act
(C
hap
ter
182)
und
erD
epar
tmen
to
fH
ealt
hSe
rvic
es,
Min
istr
yo
fH
ealt
h.P
rovi
sio
no
nfo
rtifi
cati
on
clai
min
Ind
one
sia
ism
ade
inF
unct
iona
lFo
od
200
5wit
hR
DA
sta
ted
in
Ref
eren
ceV
alue
fo
rN
utri
tio
nLa
bel
ing
of
Foo
d2
007
und
erN
atio
nal
Ag
ency
fo
rD
rug
and
Fo
od
Co
ntro
l.P
rovi
sio
no
nfo
rtifi
cati
on
clai
mi
nT
haila
ndi
sm
ade
inN
oti
ficat
ion
of
the
Min
istr
yo
fP
ublic
Hea
lth
No
.182
/2
541(
1998
),N
utri
tio
nLa
bel
ling
un
der
Fo
od
and
Dru
gA
dm
inis
trat
ion.
Tab
le 4
D. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n fo
late
and
B v
itam
ins
fort
ifica
tio
n in
Bru
nei,
Ind
one
sia,
and
Tha
iland
19
Co
untr
yIn
do
nesi
aTh
e P
hilip
pin
esV
ietn
amTh
aila
nd
Fort
ifica
ntZi
ncZi
nc c
hlo
ride,
Zin
c g
luco
nate
, Zi
nc o
xid
e, Z
inc
stea
rate
, Zi
nc s
ulfa
te
Zinc
Zinc
Foo
d V
ehic
leW
heat
flo
urFo
od
for
hum
an c
ons
ump
tion
Pro
cess
ed fo
od
s th
at c
ont
ain
at
leas
t 40
kilo
calo
ries
per
no
rmal
se
rvin
g
Whe
at F
lour
Foo
d fo
r hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
n
Stat
usM
and
ato
ryFo
r fo
rtifi
catio
n cl
aim
Volu
ntar
yVo
lunt
ary
For
fort
ifica
tion
clai
m
Min
imum
Acc
epta
ble
Lev
el30
mg
/kg
In
crea
se o
f 10%
RD
A a
s co
mp
ared
to
the
refe
renc
e fo
od
1/5
RD
A o
f the
tar
get
co
nsum
er30
mg
/kg
In
crea
se o
f 10%
Tha
i RD
I as
com
par
ed t
o t
he re
fere
nce
foo
d
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el-
-15
0% o
f the
RD
A fo
r th
e ta
rget
co
nsum
er-
-
Lab
elin
g R
equi
rem
ent
SNI m
ark
--
--
Nut
rien
t C
ont
ent
and
C
om
par
ativ
e C
laim
Per
mit
ted
Ye
sYe
sYe
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
X, c
riter
ia b
ased
o
n Ph
ilip
pin
es R
EN
I-
Yes
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
dN
oN
oYe
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
X-
Uno
ffici
alt
rans
latio
n:
pro
mo
te n
orm
al g
row
th
Dis
ease
Ris
k R
educ
tio
n C
laim
P
erm
itte
dN
oN
oYe
s, fo
llow
CO
DE
X-
No
Reg
ulat
ing
bo
dy
- M
inis
try
of I
ndus
try
- M
inis
try
of H
ealth
Nat
iona
l Ag
ency
for
Dru
g a
nd
Foo
d C
ont
rol
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
thr
oug
h Fo
od
an
d D
rug
Ad
min
istr
atio
n (F
DA
) Ph
ilip
pin
es
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lthFo
od
and
Dru
g A
dm
inis
trat
ion
Reg
ulat
ion
Nam
e/D
ate
- - -
Min
istr
y o
f Ind
ustr
y D
ecre
e N
o.
49/M
-IN
D/P
ER
/7/2
008,
Man
dat
ory
E
nfo
rcem
ent
of W
heat
Flo
ur a
s Fo
od
(14-
Jul-0
8)
Min
istr
y o
f Hea
lth D
ecre
e N
o 1
452/
ME
NK
ES/
SK/X
/ 20
03,
Whe
at F
lour
Fo
rtifi
catio
n (7
-Oct
-03)
Func
tiona
l Fo
od
200
5
- -Fo
od
Lab
elin
g G
uid
e 20
04R
efer
ence
Val
ue fo
r N
utrit
ion
Lab
elin
g o
f Fo
od
200
7
- -
Ad
min
istr
ativ
e O
rder
No
. 4-A
s.
1995
, Gui
del
ines
on
Mic
ronu
trie
nt
Fort
ifica
tion
of P
roce
ssed
Fo
od
s (1
4-Fe
b-9
5)B
urea
u C
ircul
ar 2
007-
002,
G
uid
elin
es in
the
Use
of N
utrit
ion
and
Hea
lth C
laim
s in
Fo
od
(2
3-Ja
n-07
)
Dec
isio
n N
o 6
289/
2003
/QD
-BYT
, Te
chni
cal R
egul
atio
n o
n Fo
od
Fo
rtifi
catio
n (9
-Dec
-03)
No
tifica
tion
of t
he M
inis
try
of
Pub
lic H
ealth
No
.182
/ 2
541(
1998
), N
utrit
ion
Lab
ellin
g
Tab
le 5
. Z
inc
fort
ifica
tio
n p
rog
ram
s an
d r
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n zi
nc f
ort
ifica
tio
n in
SE
A r
egio
n
No
te:N
utrie
ntfu
nctio
ncl
aim
isp
erm
itted
inT
haila
ndw
ithc
riter
iab
ased
on
Thai
RD
Iand
nut
rient
func
tion
clai
ms
tate
men
tin
Tha
imus
tco
nfo
rmt
ot
hes
tate
men
tth
atis
set
int
here
gul
atio
n
20
Nut
rien
tV
itam
in C
Vit
amin
DV
itam
in E
Vit
amin
KC
alci
umC
op
per
Mag
nesi
umM
ang
anes
eSe
leni
um
Fort
ifica
ntA
sco
rbic
aci
d
(cal
cium
/ so
diu
m
salt
of)
- -Vita
min
D2:
E
rgo
calc
ifero
lV
itam
in D
3:
Cho
le c
alci
fero
l
DL-
alp
ha-
toco
phe
rol,
D-a
lpha
-to
cop
hero
l, D
L-al
pha
-toc
ophe
ryl
acet
ate,
D-a
lpha
-to
cop
hery
l ace
tate
, To
cop
hero
ls, m
ixed
co
ncen
trat
e
Phyt
ona
dio
neC
alci
um
(no
n-ca
lcin
ated
or
calc
inat
ed),
Cal
cium
ca
rbo
nate
, Cal
cium
ch
lorid
e, C
alci
um
citr
ate,
Cal
cium
la
ctat
e, C
alci
um
oxi
de,
Cal
cium
p
hosp
hate
(mo
no, d
i-, a
nd
tri-b
asic
, gly
cero
-,
pyr
o-)
Co
pp
er G
luco
nate
, C
op
per
Sul
fate
Mag
nesi
um
carb
ona
te,
Mag
nesi
um c
hlo
ride,
M
agne
sium
lact
ate,
M
agne
sium
oxi
de,
M
agne
sium
p
hosp
hate
(d
i- an
d t
ribas
ic),
Mag
nesi
um s
ulfa
te
Man
gan
ese
chlo
ride,
M
ang
anes
e ci
trat
e,
Man
gan
ese
glu
cona
te,
Man
gan
ese
gly
cero
pho
spha
te,
Man
gan
ese
sulfa
te
Sod
ium
sel
enat
e
Min
imum
A
ccep
tab
le L
evel
1/3
RD
A o
f the
ta
rget
co
nsum
er,
exce
pt
for
fort
ified
ju
ices
/flav
ore
d
drin
ks t
o p
rovi
de
at
leas
t 10
0% R
DA
1/5
RD
A o
f the
ta
rget
co
nsum
er1/
5 R
DA
of t
he
targ
et c
ons
umer
1/5
RD
A o
f the
ta
rget
co
nsum
er1/
3 R
DA
of t
he
targ
et c
ons
umer
1/5
safe
and
ad
equa
te d
aily
in
take
1/5
RD
A o
f the
ta
rget
co
nsum
er1/
5 sa
fe a
nd
adeq
uate
dai
ly
inta
ke
1/5
RD
A o
f the
ta
rget
co
nsum
er
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Le
vel
NA
150%
of t
he R
DA
for
the
targ
et c
ons
umer
150%
of t
he R
DA
for
the
targ
et c
ons
umer
150%
of t
he R
DA
for
the
targ
et c
ons
umer
NA
NA
NA
NA
150%
of t
he R
DA
for
the
targ
et c
ons
umer
No
te:V
olu
ntar
yfo
rtifi
catio
np
rog
ram
ap
plie
sto
pro
cess
edfo
od
sth
atc
ont
ain
atle
ast
40k
iloca
lorie
sp
ern
orm
als
ervi
ng.N
utrie
ntc
ont
ent
and
co
mp
arat
ive
clai
ma
rep
erm
itted
,fo
llow
ing
Co
dex
with
crit
eria
bas
edo
nPh
ilip
pin
esR
EN
I;N
utrit
ion
func
tion
clai
m
and
dis
ease
risk
red
uctio
ncl
aim
isp
erm
itted
,fo
llow
ing
Co
dex
;The
fort
ifica
tion
isre
gul
ated
by
Ad
min
istr
ativ
eO
rder
No
.4-A
s.1
995
“Gui
del
ines
on
Mic
ronu
trie
ntF
ort
ifica
tion
ofP
roce
ssed
Fo
od
s”&
Bur
eau
Circ
ular
200
7-00
2“G
uid
elin
esin
the
Use
ofN
utrit
ion
and
Hea
lthC
laim
sin
Fo
od
”un
der
Dep
artm
ent
ofH
ealth
thr
oug
hFo
od
and
Dru
gA
dm
inis
trat
ion
(FD
A)P
hilip
pin
es.
Tab
le 6
A. V
olu
ntar
y fo
rtifi
cati
on
pro
gra
ms
wit
h o
ther
vit
amin
s an
d m
iner
als
in t
he P
hilip
pin
es
21
Nut
rien
tV
itam
in C
Vit
amin
DV
itam
in E
Cal
cium
Pho
spho
rus
Fort
ifica
ntA
sco
rbic
aci
d, A
sco
rbyl
pal
mita
te,
Sod
ium
asc
orb
ate
vita
min
D2,
D3
Toco
phe
rols
, alp
ha-t
oco
phe
rol
acet
ate
Cal
cium
car
bo
nate
, Cal
cium
citr
ate,
C
alci
um g
lyce
rop
hosp
hate
, Cal
cium
o
xid
e, C
alci
um p
hosp
hate
mo
no-,
d
i, tr
i-bas
ic, C
alci
um p
yro
pho
spha
te,
Cal
cium
sul
pha
te
Cal
cium
pho
spha
te (m
ono
-, d
i-,
tri-b
asic
), So
diu
m p
hosp
hate
(mo
no-
, tri-
bas
ic)
Min
imum
acc
epta
ble
leve
l(p
er s
pec
ified
ref
eren
ce q
uant
ity)
1/2
RD
A (1
5 m
g)
1/2
RD
A (1
.25
mcg
cho
leca
lcife
rol)
1/2
RD
A (1
.75
mg
a-t
oco
phe
rol)
1/2
RD
A (2
50 m
g)
1/2
RD
A (4
00 m
g)
Tab
le 6
B. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n o
ther
vit
amin
s an
d m
iner
als
fort
ifica
tio
n in
Bru
nei D
arus
sala
m
22
Nut
rien
tV
itam
in C
Vit
amin
DV
itam
in E
Po
tass
ium
Cal
cium
Mag
nesi
umM
ang
anes
eSe
leni
um
Nut
rien
t C
ont
ent
and
C
om
par
ativ
e C
laim
P
erm
itte
d
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
dYe
sN
oYe
sN
oYe
sN
oN
oN
o
Dis
ease
Ris
k R
educ
tio
n C
laim
P
erm
itte
d
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
te:C
laim
on
fort
ifica
tion
inIn
do
nesi
ais
allo
wed
on
foo
dfo
rhu
man
co
nsum
ptio
n.M
inim
uma
ccep
tab
leli
mit
off
ort
ifica
tion
toq
ualif
yfo
rfo
rtifi
catio
ncl
aim
isa
nin
crea
seo
f10%
RD
Aa
sco
mp
ared
to
the
ref
eren
cefo
od
.No
max
imum
allo
wab
leli
mit
iss
et.
Pro
visi
on
on
fort
ifica
tion
clai
min
Ind
one
sia
ism
ade
inF
unct
iona
lFo
od
200
5w
ithR
DA
sta
ted
inR
efer
ence
Val
uefo
rN
utrit
ion
Lab
elin
go
fFo
od
200
7un
der
Nat
iona
lAg
ency
for
Dru
ga
ndF
oo
dC
ont
rol.
Tab
le 6
C. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n o
ther
vit
amin
s an
d m
iner
als
fort
ifica
tio
n in
Ind
one
sia
23
Nut
rien
tV
itam
in C
Vit
amin
DV
itam
in E
Cal
cium
Pho
spho
rus
Fort
ifica
ntA
sco
rbic
aci
d, S
od
ium
asc
orb
ate,
C
alci
um a
sco
rbat
e, S
od
ium
as
corb
ate,
Asc
orb
yl-6
-pal
mita
te
Cho
leca
lcife
rol-c
hole
ster
ol,
Vita
min
D2,
Vita
min
D3
D-a
lpha
-to
cop
hero
l,
DL-
alp
ha-t
oco
phe
rol,
D
-alp
ha-t
oco
phe
rol a
ceta
te,
DL-
alp
ha-t
oco
phe
rol a
ceta
te,
D-a
lpha
-to
cop
hery
l suc
cina
te,
DL-
alp
ha-t
oco
phe
ryl s
ucci
nate
, to
cop
hero
l
Cal
cium
car
bo
nate
, Cal
cium
ch
lorid
e, C
alci
um c
itrat
e,
Cal
cium
glu
cona
te, C
alci
um
gly
cero
pho
spha
te, C
alci
um la
ctat
e,
Cal
cium
oxi
de,
Cal
cium
pho
spha
te
mo
no-,
di,
tri-b
asic
, Cal
cium
p
yro
pho
spha
te, C
alci
um s
ulp
hate
Cal
cium
pho
spha
te
(mo
no-,
di-,
tri-
bas
ic),
Mag
nesi
um
pho
spha
te (d
i-, t
ri-b
asic
), Po
tass
ium
p
hosp
hate
(mo
no-,
d
i-bas
ic),
Sod
ium
pho
spha
te
di-b
asic
Min
imum
Acc
epta
ble
Lev
elR
ang
ing
fro
m 6
- 1
50 m
g o
f as
corb
ic a
cid
/ 1
00 g
dep
end
ing
on
foo
d t
ype*
Ran
gin
g fr
om
83
- 20
00 IU
of
vita
min
D /
100
g d
epen
din
g o
n fo
od
typ
e*†
Ran
gin
g fr
om
4.2
- 1
00.0
0 IU
of
Vita
min
E /
100
g d
epen
din
g o
n fo
od
typ
e*††
Ran
gin
g fr
om
150
- 1
170
mg
/
100
g d
epen
din
g o
n fo
od
typ
e*R
ang
ing
fro
m 1
50 -
117
0 m
g /
10
0 g
dep
end
ing
on
foo
d t
ype*
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el10
0 m
g /
day
800
IU /
day
†50
IU /
day
††1.
4g /
day
1.4g
/ d
ay
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
dE
nhan
ces
abso
rptio
n o
f iro
n fr
om
no
n-m
eat
sour
ces;
co
ntrib
utes
to
th
e ab
sorp
tion
of i
ron
fro
m fo
od
Hel
ps
the
bo
dy
utili
ze c
alci
um &
p
hosp
horu
s; n
eces
sary
for
the
abso
rptio
n an
d u
tiliz
atio
n o
f cal
cium
&
pho
spho
rus
Pro
tect
s th
e fa
t in
the
bo
dy
tissu
es
fro
m o
xid
atio
nA
ids
in t
he d
evel
op
men
t o
f str
ong
b
one
s an
d t
eeth
-
*C
laim
on
fort
ifica
tion
inM
alay
sia
isp
erm
itted
on
vario
ust
ypes
off
oo
ds
fro
mb
read
to
liq
uid
foo
d.
† 1IU
=0
.025
mcg
vita
min
D2
/vi
tam
inD
3††
1IU
=1
mcg
dl-a
lpha
-to
cop
hery
lace
tate
No
te:N
utrie
ntc
ont
enta
ndc
om
par
ativ
ecl
aim
are
per
mitt
ed,f
ollo
win
gC
od
ex;D
isea
seri
skre
duc
tion
clai
mis
no
tper
mitt
ed.P
rovi
sio
no
nfo
rtifi
catio
ncl
aim
ism
ade
inF
oo
dA
ct1
983
(Act
281
)and
Reg
ulat
ions
198
5&
Gui
de
toN
utrit
ion
Lab
elin
ga
ndC
laim
sas
at
Dec
emb
er2
007
und
erF
oo
dS
afet
yan
dQ
ualit
yD
ivis
ion
-M
inis
try
ofH
ealth
Mal
aysi
a.
Tab
le 6
D. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n o
ther
vit
amin
s an
d m
iner
als
fort
ifica
tio
n in
Mal
aysi
a
24
Nut
rien
tV
itam
in C
Vit
amin
DC
alci
umP
hosp
horu
s
Fort
ifica
ntA
sco
rbic
aci
d, S
od
ium
asc
orb
ate,
Cal
cium
as
corb
ate,
Po
tass
ium
asc
orb
ate,
Asc
orb
yl-
6-p
alm
itate
Erg
oca
lcife
rol (
Vita
min
D2)
,C
hole
calc
ifero
l (V
itam
in D
3),
Cho
leca
lcife
rol-c
hole
ster
ol (
Vita
min
D3)
Cal
cium
car
bo
nate
, Cal
cium
chl
orid
e,
Cal
cium
citr
ate,
Cal
cium
glu
cona
te, C
alci
um
gly
cero
pho
spha
te, C
alci
um h
ydro
xid
e,
Cal
cium
lact
ate,
Cal
cium
oxi
de,
Cal
cium
p
hosp
hate
mo
no-,
di,
tri-b
asic
, Cal
cium
p
yro
pho
spha
te, C
alci
um s
ulp
hate
Cal
cium
pho
spha
te (m
ono
-, d
i-, t
ri-b
asic
), M
agne
sium
pho
spha
te (d
i-, t
ri-b
asic
), Po
tass
ium
pho
spha
te (m
ono
-, d
i-bas
ic),
Sod
ium
pho
spha
te d
i-bas
ic, P
hosp
horic
ac
id
Min
imum
Acc
epta
ble
Lev
el1/
2 R
DA
(15
mg
) 1/
2 R
DA
(1.2
5 m
cg c
hole
calc
ifero
l)1/
2 R
DA
(250
mg
, to
be
revi
sed
to
400
mg
)1/
2 R
DA
(400
mg
)
Max
imum
To
lera
ble
Lev
el-
10 m
cg o
f cho
leca
lcife
rol /
sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity24
00 m
g o
f cal
cium
/ s
pec
ified
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity24
00 m
g o
f pho
spho
rus
/ sp
ecifi
ed
refe
renc
e q
uant
ity
Nut
rien
t Fu
ncti
on
Cla
im P
erm
itte
d
(Co
nditi
ons
: mee
t th
e cr
iteria
for
“pre
senc
e o
f” c
laim
(1/6
RD
A))
Enh
ance
s ab
sorp
tion
of i
ron
fro
m
non
mea
t p
rod
ucts
Vita
min
D3:
hel
ps
sup
po
rt c
alci
um
abso
rptio
n an
d im
pro
ves
bo
ne s
tren
gth
; he
lps
the
bo
dy
utili
ze c
alci
um a
nd
pho
spho
rus;
wo
rks
syne
rgis
tical
ly w
ith
vita
min
K o
n b
one
met
abo
lism
to
imp
rove
b
one
str
eng
th/b
uild
str
ong
bo
nes
Hel
ps
bui
ld/t
o s
upp
ort
dev
elo
pm
ent
of
stro
ng b
one
s an
d t
eeth
-
No
te:C
laim
on
fort
ifica
tio
nis
allo
wed
on
foo
dfo
rhu
man
co
nsum
pti
on.
Min
imum
acc
epta
ble
leve
lis
asp
ers
pec
ified
refe
renc
eq
uant
ity.
Nut
rien
tco
nten
tan
dc
om
par
ativ
ecl
aim
sar
ep
erm
itte
d.D
isea
ser
isk
red
ucti
on
clai
mis
no
tp
erm
itte
d.P
rovi
sio
no
nfo
rtifi
cati
on
clai
mis
mad
eb
yA
gri
-Fo
od
&V
eter
inar
yA
utho
rity
of
Sing
apo
rea
sst
ipul
ated
und
ert
heS
ale
of
Foo
dA
ct(C
hap
ter
283,
Sec
tio
n38
(1))
Foo
dR
egul
atio
nsa
ndF
oo
d(A
men
dm
ent)
Reg
ulat
ions
201
1an
dt
heG
uid
eto
Fo
od
Lab
ellin
ga
nd
Ad
vert
isem
ents
201
0.
Tab
le 6
E. R
egul
ato
ry s
tatu
s o
f cl
aim
s o
n o
ther
vit
amin
s an
d m
iner
als
fort
ifica
tio
n in
Sin
gap
ore
25
Nut
rien
tN
utri
ent
Func
tio
n C
laim
Per
mit
ted
(crit
eria
bas
ed o
n Th
ai R
DI;
nutr
ient
func
tion
clai
m s
tate
men
t in
Tha
i mus
t co
nfo
rm t
o t
he s
tate
men
t th
at is
set
in t
he re
gul
atio
n)
Vit
amin
CSt
reng
then
cap
illar
y w
alls
; hel
p in
inhi
biti
ng fr
ee r
adic
al g
ener
atio
n; a
ssis
t in
the
form
atio
n o
f mus
cle,
co
llag
en a
nd c
onn
ectiv
e tis
sue
of l
igam
ents
and
car
tilag
es
Vit
amin
DR
equi
red
for
the
abso
rptio
n an
d u
tiliz
atio
n o
f cal
cium
and
pho
spho
rus
Vit
amin
EH
elp
in in
hib
iting
free
rad
ical
gen
erat
ion
Vit
amin
KIn
volv
ed in
cre
atin
g t
he im
po
rtan
t su
bst
ance
s in
blo
od
clo
ttin
g p
roce
ss; d
ecre
ase
the
inci
den
ce o
r se
verit
y o
f ost
eop
oro
sis,
cal
cium
re-a
bso
rptio
n a
nd h
elp
str
eng
then
bo
nes
Cal
cium
Ess
entia
l co
mp
one
nt in
bo
nes
and
tee
th;
help
s in
blo
od
clo
ttin
g p
roce
ss; e
ssen
tial f
or
bui
ldin
g h
ealth
y b
one
s an
d t
eeth
Pho
spho
rus
Ess
entia
l co
mp
one
nt in
bo
nes
and
tee
th; e
ssen
tial f
or
bui
ldin
g h
ealth
y b
one
s an
d t
eeth
Mag
nesi
umIm
po
rtan
t st
ruct
ural
par
t o
f bo
nes
and
tee
th;
help
s in
the
mai
nten
ance
the
func
tion
of n
ervo
us s
yste
m a
nd m
uscl
es
Co
pp
erA
ssis
t th
e fo
rmat
ion
of h
emo
glo
bin
Po
tass
ium
Wo
rk t
og
ethe
r w
ith s
od
ium
in m
aint
aini
ng t
he p
rop
er a
cid
-bas
e an
d w
ater
bal
ance
in t
he b
od
y sy
stem
War
ning
: Exc
essi
ve p
ota
ssiu
m c
an b
e to
xic
and
will
affe
ct t
he h
eart
bea
t
Man
gan
ese
Co
mp
one
nt o
f bo
ne a
nd t
eeth
; hel
p p
rom
ote
func
tion
of n
ervo
us a
nd m
uscl
e sy
stem
Sele
nium
Hel
ps
in in
hib
iting
free
rad
ical
gen
erat
ion
Fluo
rid
eH
elp
s p
rom
ote
form
atio
n o
f hea
lthy
bo
nes
and
tee
th
Mo
lyb
den
umH
elp
s p
rom
ote
enz
yme
func
tion
in t
he b
od
y
Chr
om
ium
Wo
rks
tog
ethe
r w
ith In
sulin
for
cellu
lar
glu
cose
up
take
Chl
ori
de
Wo
rks
with
oth
er s
ubst
ance
in m
aint
aini
ng t
he o
ptim
um a
cid
-bas
e b
alan
ce in
the
bo
dy
No
te:C
laim
on
fort
ifica
tion
inT
haila
ndis
allo
wed
on
foo
dfo
rhum
anc
ons
ump
tion.
Min
imum
acc
epta
ble
lim
ito
ffo
rtifi
catio
nto
qua
lify
forf
ort
ifica
tion
clai
mis
an
incr
ease
of1
0%T
haiR
DA
as
com
par
edto
the
refe
renc
efo
od
.No
max
imum
allo
wab
leli
mit
iss
et.
Nut
rient
co
nten
t,c
om
par
ativ
e,a
ndfu
nctio
ncl
aim
sar
ep
erm
itted
inT
haila
ndfo
rall
the
abo
vem
icro
nutr
ient
s,w
ithc
riter
iab
ased
on
Thai
RD
I;nu
trie
ntfu
nctio
ncl
aim
sta
tem
entm
ustc
om
form
toth
est
atem
entt
hati
sse
tin
the
reg
ulat
ion.
Dis
ease
risk
red
uctio
ncl
aim
isn
ot
per
mitt
edin
Tha
iland
.Pro
visi
on
on
fort
ifica
tion
clai
min
Tha
iland
ism
ade
inN
otifi
catio
no
fthe
Min
istr
yo
fPub
licH
ealth
No
.182
/2
541(
1998
),N
utrit
ion
Lab
ellin
gu
nder
Fo
od
and
Dru
gA
dm
inis
trat
ion.
Tab
le 6
F. L
ist
of
oth
er v
itam
ins
and
min
eral
s p
erm
itte
d f
or
fort
ifica
tio
n cl
aim
s in
Tha
iland
(U
noffi
cial
Tra
nsla
tio
n)
26
Co
untr
yC
amb
od
iaIn
do
nesi
aM
alay
sia
Mo
nito
ring
ag
ency
Min
istr
y o
f Co
mm
erce
thr
oug
h C
amC
ont
rol i
n co
llab
ora
tion
with
re
leva
nt m
inis
try
Nat
iona
l Ag
ency
for
Dru
g a
nd F
oo
d C
ont
rol
Foo
d S
afet
y an
d Q
ualit
y D
ivis
ion
– E
nfo
rcem
ent
Sect
ion
Out
line
of
syst
emSa
lt io
diz
atio
n Io
diz
ed s
alt
mo
nito
ring
In d
istr
ibut
ion/
mar
ket
• S
amp
les:
8 s
amp
les/
bra
nd/v
arie
ty/d
istr
ict/
pha
se
• T
akin
g s
amp
les
in t
he d
istr
ict
rand
om
ly in
the
sub
-dis
tric
t,
v
il ag
e an
d s
elle
r/m
arke
t
Whe
at fl
our
mo
nito
ring
•
Sam
plin
g p
roce
dur
e ad
op
ted
ISO
824
3:19
91•
Sam
plin
g p
oin
t: S
tora
ge/
harb
or/
imp
ort
er/i
mp
ort
er’s
sto
rag
e/
pro
duc
er, h
yper
mar
ket,
sup
erm
arke
t, s
hop
, sm
all s
hop
/mar
ket.
In t
he d
istr
ict,
sam
ple
s ar
e ra
ndo
mly
tak
en in
the
sub
-dis
tric
t,
v
illag
e an
d s
elle
r/m
arke
t
For
man
dat
ory
and
vo
lunt
ary
fort
ifica
tion:
Foo
d S
afet
y In
form
atio
n Sy
stem
(Fo
SIM
)•
• •
The
tech
nica
l co
mp
eten
t o
ffici
als
that
are
resp
ons
ible
for
cont
rolli
ng t
he s
alt
qua
lity
and
saf
ety
shal
l be
a q
ualit
y co
ntro
l o
ffici
al fr
om
the
Min
istr
y o
f Co
mm
erce
in c
olla
bo
ratio
n w
ith
oth
er re
leva
nt m
inis
trie
s.
The
pla
ces
whe
re t
he in
spec
tion
shal
l be
do
ne a
re s
alt
fact
orie
s,
ente
rpris
e, h
and
icra
ft, s
alt
war
eho
use,
sal
t w
hole
sale
and
reta
il sh
op
s, a
nd a
nyw
here
tha
t d
eal w
ith s
alt
dis
trib
utio
n.
Ow
ner
of f
acto
ry, e
nter
pris
e, h
and
icra
ft a
nd s
alt
trad
ers
shal
l p
rese
nt t
o t
he t
echn
ical
co
mp
eten
t o
ffici
al a
ny re
leva
nt li
cens
e/d
ocu
men
ts w
ith c
lear
ly in
dic
ate
the
typ
e an
d q
uant
ity o
f sal
t su
ch a
s im
po
rtat
ion,
bei
ng u
sed
for
any
pro
duc
tion,
sel
l in
mar
kets
and
in s
tock
.
No
nco
mp
lianc
e w
ith
fort
ifica
tio
n p
roce
ss(a
)
(b)
If sa
lt p
rod
ucer
s an
d d
eale
rs d
o n
ot
follo
w t
he q
ualit
y an
d s
afet
y st
and
ard
s st
ated
If sa
lt p
rod
ucer
s an
d d
eale
rs d
o n
ot
follo
w t
he p
acka
gin
g,
lab
elin
g, s
tora
ge,
tra
nsp
ort
or
mar
ket/
sho
p d
isp
lay
req
uire
men
t
(a)
(b)
Pro
duc
er o
r im
po
rter
do
es n
ot
imp
lem
ent
SNI a
nd p
oss
ess
cert
ifica
tion
Pro
duc
er o
r im
po
rter
do
es n
ot
pas
te S
NI m
ark
on
foo
d
pac
kag
ing
Valu
e le
ss t
han
100%
of t
he d
ecla
red
nu
trie
nt v
alue
on
the
lab
el
Ad
min
istr
ativ
e sa
ncti
on
Pena
lty o
f sal
t co
nfisc
atio
n to
1,0
00,0
00K
R if
the
y ar
e fo
und
of
vio
latio
n th
e su
b-d
ecre
e. T
he p
enal
ty is
do
uble
d a
fter
the
sec
ond
vi
ola
tion
and
the
ir lic
ense
s ar
e su
spen
ded
aft
er t
hird
vio
latio
n.
(a)
(b)
Writ
ten
war
ning
unt
il 3
times
Rev
oca
tion
of a
pp
rova
l reg
istr
atio
n nu
mb
erN
o
Rev
iew
of
reg
ulat
ion
- -
No
Tab
le 7
A. M
oni
tori
ng a
nd E
valu
atio
n o
f M
and
ato
ry F
ort
ifica
tio
n P
rog
ram
s in
Cam
bo
dia
, In
do
nesi
a an
d M
alay
sia
27
Man
dat
ory
Fo
rtifi
cati
on
Vo
lunt
ary
Fort
ifica
tio
n
Mo
nito
ring
ag
ency
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
thr
oug
h Fo
od
and
Dru
g A
dm
inis
trat
ion
(FD
A) P
hilip
pin
esD
epar
tmen
t o
f Hea
lth t
hro
ugh
Foo
d a
nd D
rug
Ad
min
istr
atio
n (F
DA
) Phi
lipp
ines
Out
line
of
syst
emTh
e lo
cal g
ove
rnm
ent
units
, thr
oug
h th
eir
heal
th in
spec
tors
or
agric
ultu
ral o
ffice
rs
or
nutr
itio
nist
-die
titia
ns o
r th
e sa
nita
ry in
spec
tors
sha
ll as
sist
in m
oni
torin
g/
chec
king
tha
t fo
od
s m
and
ated
to
be
fort
ified
like
ric
e, re
fined
sug
ar, w
heat
flo
ur,
and
co
oki
ng o
il ar
e p
rop
erly
fort
ified
and
lab
eled
with
“nu
triti
on
fact
s” in
dic
atin
g
the
spec
ific
mic
ronu
trie
nt it
was
fort
ified
with
. The
loca
l fo
od
ind
ustr
ies
shal
l rep
ort
o
n th
e p
rod
uctio
n, m
arke
ting
and
dis
trib
utio
n o
f fo
rtifi
ed fo
od
s. T
hey
shal
l sub
mit
annu
al re
po
rts
to t
he D
epar
tmen
t o
f Hea
lth (D
OH
), al
so in
dic
atin
g t
heir
ind
ustr
ial
conc
erns
and
reco
mm
end
atio
ns.
The
FDA
itse
lf o
r FD
A in
co
ord
inat
ion
with
the
reco
gni
zed
ag
enci
es o
r in
stitu
tions
sha
ll m
oni
tor
the
mic
ronu
trie
nt o
f fo
rtifi
ed p
roce
ssed
foo
d.
No
nco
mp
lianc
e w
ith
fort
ifica
tio
n p
roce
ss(a
)
(b)
(c)
If th
e fo
od
fort
ifica
tion
leve
ls d
o n
ot
com
ply
with
the
DO
H re
qui
rem
ents
, exc
ept
whe
n th
e d
evia
tion
fro
m t
he fo
rtifi
catio
n le
vels
are
just
ified
and
are
pro
per
ly
dec
lare
d in
the
lab
elin
g;
If th
e fo
rtifi
cant
use
d is
diff
eren
t fr
om
tha
t ap
pro
ved
by
the
DO
H; a
ndIf
the
pro
cess
of f
ort
ifica
tion
do
es n
ot
conf
orm
to
the
DO
H s
tand
ard
s.
A p
roce
ssed
foo
d c
laim
ing
fort
ifica
tion
shal
l be
cons
ider
ed m
isla
bel
led
unl
ess
the
fort
ifica
tion
leve
ls
com
ply
with
the
se g
uid
elin
es e
xcep
t w
hen
the
dev
iatio
n fr
om
the
fort
ifica
tion
leve
ls h
erei
n se
t ar
e ju
st a
nd a
re p
rop
erly
dec
lare
d in
the
lab
ellin
g.
Ad
min
istr
ativ
e sa
ncti
on
(a)
(b)
(c)
Den
ial o
f reg
istr
atio
n o
f the
pro
cess
ed fo
od
s an
d fo
od
pro
duc
ts b
y th
e D
OH
th
roug
h th
e FD
A if
the
pro
cess
ed fo
od
s o
r fo
od
pro
duc
ts d
o n
ot
com
ply
with
th
e fo
od
fort
ifica
tion
req
uire
men
ts.
Said
pro
cess
ed fo
od
s o
r fo
od
pro
duc
ts s
hall
not
be
allo
wed
to
be
put
in t
he m
arke
t;O
rder
the
reca
ll o
f the
pro
cess
ed fo
od
s o
r fo
od
pro
duc
t(s)
; and
Imp
ose
a fi
ne o
f no
t le
ss t
han
thre
e hu
ndre
d t
hous
and
pes
os
(P30
0,00
0.00
) and
su
spen
sio
n o
f reg
istr
atio
n fo
r th
e fir
st v
iola
tion;
no
t m
ore
tha
n si
x hu
ndre
d
tho
usan
d p
eso
s (P
600,
000.
00) a
nd s
usp
ensi
on
of r
egis
trat
ion
for
the
seco
nd
vio
latio
n; a
nd n
ot
mo
re t
han
one
mill
ion
pes
os
(P1,
000,
000.
00) a
nd c
ance
llatio
n o
f the
reg
istr
atio
n o
f the
pro
duc
t fo
r th
e th
ird v
iola
tion
of t
he p
rovi
sio
ns o
f thi
s ac
t o
r its
Imp
lem
entin
g R
ules
and
Reg
ulat
ions
(IR
R).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Ord
er t
he re
call
of t
he p
rod
ucts
dec
lare
d/f
oun
d a
s m
isla
bel
led
fort
ified
foo
dO
rder
the
co
rrec
tion
of t
he la
bel
ing
of t
he fo
rtifi
ed fo
od
pro
duc
tsIm
po
se a
dm
inis
trat
ive
fines
pro
vid
ed fo
r b
y ex
istin
g la
ws
Susp
end
or
canc
el t
he re
gis
trat
ion
of t
he p
rod
uct
Rev
iew
of
reg
ulat
ion
The
Nat
iona
l Nut
ritio
n C
oun
cil (
NN
C) s
hall
cond
uct
a p
erio
dic
revi
ew o
f the
m
icro
nutr
ient
s ad
ded
to
foo
d.
This
revi
ew w
ill p
rovi
de
the
bas
is fo
r d
eter
min
ing
if
the
man
dat
ory
fort
ifica
tion
is s
till r
equi
red
or
not.
The
revi
ew s
hall
be
do
ne a
t le
ast
ever
y fiv
e (5
) yea
rs t
o c
oin
cid
e w
ith t
he c
ond
uct
of t
he F
oo
d a
nd N
utrit
ion
Res
earc
h In
stitu
te’s
(FN
RI)
natio
nal n
utrit
ion
surv
eys
and
/or
the
asse
ssm
ent
of t
he P
hilip
pin
e Pl
an o
f Act
ion
for
Nut
ritio
n (P
PAN
).
Tab
le 7
B. M
oni
tori
ng a
nd E
valu
atio
n o
f M
and
ato
ry a
nd V
olu
ntar
y Fo
rtifi
cati
on
Pro
gra
ms
in t
he P
hilip
pin
es
28
Nut
rien
tB
read
*B
reak
fast
cer
eal
(as
pur
chas
ed)*
Co
nden
sed
milk
*†D
ried
milk
p
ow
der
(ful
l cre
am
or
skim
med
)*
Ext
ract
of
mea
t o
r ve
get
able
(m
od
ified
o
r no
t)*
Flo
ur(w
heat
)*M
alte
d m
ilkp
ow
der
*O
ther
so
lid
foo
d*§
Liq
uid
fo
od
*¶
Vit
A,
vit
A a
lco
hol a
nd e
ster
s,
caro
tene
s (I.
U.)
**
500
2000
670
2000
12,0
0010
0040
0010
0010
00
Vit
B1
, th
iam
ine,
thi
amin
e hy
dro
ch
lori
de,
thi
amin
e m
ono
nit
rate
(m
g t
hiam
ine)
0.21
0.83
0.82
0.83
50.
421.
670.
420.
25
Vit
B2
, ri
bo
flav
in
(mg
rib
ofl
avin
)0.
331.
330.
441.
338
0.67
2.67
0.67
0.4
Vit
B6
, p
yrid
oxi
ne,
pyr
ido
xal,
pyr
ido
x am
ine
(mg
pyr
ido
x am
ine)
0.42
1.67
0.56
1.67
100.
833.
330.
830.
5
Bio
tin
(mcg
bio
tin)
4016
555
165
1000
8533
585
50
Pan
to t
heni
c ac
id,
pan
to t
heny
l al
coho
l (m
g p
anto
the
nic
acid
)1.
465.
831.
945.
8335
2.92
11.6
72.
921.
75
Nia
cin,
nia
cin
amid
e, n
ico
tini
c ac
id,
nico
tin
amid
e (m
g n
iaci
n)2.
39.
23.
19.
255
4.6
18.3
4.6
2.8
Vit
C,
asco
rbic
aci
d
(mg
asc
orb
ic a
cid
)6
258
2515
013
5013
8
Vit
D,
vit
D2
, vi
t D
3
(I.U
. o
f vi
t D
)**
8333
311
133
320
0016
766
716
710
0
Vit
E,
alp
ha t
oco
phe
rol
(I.U
. o
f vi
t E
)**
4.2
16.7
5.6
16.7
100
8.3
33.3
8.3
5
Cal
cium
(m
g)
150
580
190
580
3500
290
1170
290
180
Iod
ine
(mcg
)20
8530
8550
040
165
4025
Pho
spho
rus
(mg
)2.
10.
32.
84.
350
4.2
16.7
4.2
2.5
Folic
aci
d (
mcg
)15
058
019
058
035
0029
011
7029
018
0
Vit
B1
2 (
mcg
)8
3211
3219
216
6416
9.6
Bas
edo
nR
egul
atio
n26
(7)u
nder
Fo
od
Act
198
3(A
ct2
81)a
ndR
egul
atio
ns.
*R
efer
ence
qua
ntity
:100
gra
ms.
†Sw
eete
ned
and
uns
wee
tene
d;fi
lled
milk
and
co
nden
sed
fille
dm
ilks
wee
tene
da
ndu
nsw
eete
ned
.§
No
tsp
ecifi
eda
bo
vee
xclu
din
gc
anne
dfo
od
for
infa
nts
and
chi
ldre
nan
dc
erea
lbas
edfo
od
for
infa
nts
and
chi
ldre
n.¶
In
clud
ing
veg
etab
leju
ice,
frui
tju
ice,
frui
tju
ice
conc
entr
ate,
frui
tsy
rup
,flav
our
eds
yrup
(dilu
ted
acc
ord
ing
to
dire
ctio
ns).
**M
ayb
eex
pre
ssed
inm
illig
ram
so
rmic
rog
ram
sus
ing
the
follo
win
gc
onv
ersi
on
fact
or:
1IU
vita
min
Ais
eq
uiva
lent
to0
.3m
icro
gra
ms
vita
min
Aa
lco
hol(
retin
ol);
1IU
vita
min
Dis
eq
uiva
lent
to0
.025
mic
rog
ram
svi
tam
inD
2/vi
tam
inD
3;1
IUv
itam
inE
ise
qui
vale
nt
to1
mill
igra
md
l-alp
ha-t
oco
phe
ryla
ceta
te.
Tab
le S
1. M
inim
um A
mo
unts
of
Nut
rien
ts f
or
Fort
ifica
tio
n C
laim
s in
Mal
aysi
a
29
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