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ONE EIGHTY

MATERIALS TESTING (PTY) LTD

Report

Director JA Cotton BSc (Eng) PhD (Mat Eng UCT) Postal Postnet Suite 78, Private Bag X11 Mowbray 7705, Cape Town

Physical Building 23B, Unit 15, The Waverley Business Park, Kotzee Rd, Mowbray 7700, Cape Town

Reg No 2007/007050/07

Tel +27 21 447 5258/4643

Fax +27 86 617 1047

ONE EIGHTY MATERIALS TESTING (PTY) LTD

Postal Postnet Suite 78, Private Bag X11

Mowbray 7705, Cape Town

Physical Building 23B, Unit 15, The Waverley

Business Park, Kotzee Rd, Mowbray 7700, Cape Town

Tel +27 21 447 5258/4643

Fax +27 86 617 1047

DATE:

REPORT NUMBER:

AUTHOR:

EDITED BY:

04/09/2013

R-DE02-14-01

Petra Gress

Dr. Janet Cotton

NOTES / COMMENTS:

Measurement of inclusions (oxides and sulphides) in cast iron from Scaw Metals Group

:

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Introduction:

Scaw Metals Group, Johannesburg supplied One Eighty Materials Testing (Pty) Ltd with Cast Iron material

for determination of the inclusion content of oxides and sulphides.

Method: One Eighty Materials Testing conducted the requested tests according to ASTM E1245-03 Standard Practice

for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis.

One Eighty can perform such an Analysis by means of an inverted microscope, camera system and NIS

software (image analysis software).

The sample was prepared for microstructural analysis (mounted, ground and polished) according to One

Eighty standard operating procedure (OE-TSP-03 SOP01) based on ASTM E3 Standard Guide for Preparation

of Metallographic Specimens.

It was chosen to conduct the analysis in 20 fields to achieve an acceptable relative accuracy. The sample

prepared for analysis has a size of 200mm² (min. of 160mm² is required by the standard). The fields are laid

out according to figure1 below.

Figure 1: Layout of fields

Images were taken at the 20 locations (fields). A threshold for sulphide type inclusions appearing grey

under the microscope (indicated in green colour through threshold setting) and for oxide type inclusions

appearing black under the microscope (indicated in red colour through threshold setting) was set and

applied on the NIS software.

The verification for grey inclusions being sulphides and black inclusions being oxides was done by Energy

Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) on a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This verification data was not

available when the report was created. An addendum to this report will be sent to Scaw Metals as soon as

the data is available.

After setting and applying the threshold limits the NIS software could perform measurements on the green

1 2 3 4 5

10 9 8 7

6

15

20

14 13 12 11

16 17 18 19

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and red marked inclusions. As an example for the threshold method of the NIS image analysis software,

images of field 15 are shown below in figure 2 (image as seen through microscope) and figure 3 (image

after threshold was applied):

Figure 2: Field 15 As seen through microscope

Figure 3: With threshold settings applied to inclusions

In ASTM E45-13 (Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion content of Steel) inclusions of width

< 2μm are not included on the inclusion count.i Therefore inclusions with a width < 2μm and a length

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Results:

The results are shown in table 1 below. The table shows the area, perimeter, length, width and shape factor

for every inclusion > 2μm in width and lengths. The results are then summarized in table 2 to show the area

measured Ai per field N for oxide type inclusions and sulphide type inclusions. It also shows the area

fraction of the inclusion types AA. (AA. = Ai / AT, where AT is the total field area).

Source FieldID Inclusion Type ObjID

Area (μm²) Perimeter (μm) Length (μm)

Width (μm) ShapeFactor

Field 1

4 Oxide 1 3.68 9.1 3.5 1.05 0.637

4 Oxide 2 58.52 37.87 15.05 3.89 0.905

4 Sulphide 1 3.37 21.48 10.42 0.32 0.454

4 Sulphide 2 42.06 111.22 54.84 0.77 0.546

4 Sulphide 3 23 31.5 14.12 1.63 0.826

Field 2

7 Oxide 1 12.43 31.29 14.8 0.84 0.396

7 Oxide 2 16.67 23.74 10.24 1.63 0.891

7 Oxide 3 3.53 10.34 4.36 0.81 0.622

7 Oxide 4 4.52 10.59 4.23 1.07 0.739

7 Oxide 5 38.97 55.86 26.45 1.47 0.673

7 Oxide 6 7.05 13.85 5.68 1.24 0.782

7 Sulphide 1 5.6 11.24 4.33 1.29 0.772

7 Sulphide 2 9.77 32.24 15.49 0.63 0.486

7 Sulphide 3 2.23 12.96 6.12 0.36 0.699

7 Sulphide 4 12.35 37.62 18.13 0.68 0.554

7 Sulphide 5 9.83 31.86 15.29 0.64 0.612

7 Sulphide 6 6.38 21.7 10.23 0.62 0.403

7 Sulphide 7 2.39 9.42 4.13 0.58 0.462

7 Sulphide 8 4.65 11.1 4.52 1.03 0.672

7 Sulphide 9 7.71 30.15 14.55 0.53 0.472

7 Sulphide 10 7.63 32.06 15.54 0.49 0.468

7 Sulphide 11 6.44 15.74 6.94 0.93 0.696

7 Sulphide 12 24.61 91.83 45.37 0.54 0.271

7 Sulphide 13 16.16 30.8 14.27 1.13 0.717

7 Sulphide 14 7.22 27.62 13.27 0.54 0.439

Field 3

8 Oxide 1 4.18 7.35 2.5 1.67 1

8 Oxide 2 2.52 12.22 5.67 0.45 0.273

8 Oxide 3 1.3 6.82 2.97 0.44 0.514

8 Oxide 4 31.2 35.15 15.57 2 0.608

8 Black 5 2.35 5.85 2.2 1.07 0.952

8 Sulphide 1 1.78 10.73 5.01 0.36 0.799

8 Sulphide 2 9.57 44.07 21.59 0.44 0.384

8 Sulphide 3 17.33 80.03 39.58 0.44 0.149

8 Sulphide 4 4.52 17.66 8.29 0.54 0.68

8 Sulphide 5 2.44 17.29 8.35 0.29 0.542

8 Sulphide 6 1.85 10.33 4.78 0.39 0.768

8 Sulphide 7 14.09 30.86 14.46 0.97 0.822

8 Sulphide 8 11.74 65.36 32.32 0.36 0.171

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Field 4

27 Sulphide 1 64.06 54.11 24.43 2.62 0.765

27 Sulphide 2 170.4 297.53 147.61 1.15 0.17

27 Sulphide 3 3.59 11.67 5.14 0.7 0.468

27 Sulphide 4 21.87 97.13 48.11 0.45 0.229

27 Oxide 1 3.19 7.06 2.67 1.19 0.863

27 Oxide 2 142.93 93.02 43.2 3.31 0.45

27 Oxide 3 2.89 8.87 3.64 0.79 0.601

27 Oxide 4 2.68 6.01 2.13 1.26 0.984

27 Oxide 5 4.66 8.32 2.94 1.58 0.905

27 Oxide 6 16.84 15.56 5.06 3.33 0.975

27 Oxide 7 3.8 11.12 4.76 0.8 0.79

27 Oxide 8 14.28 41.45 20.01 0.71 0.392

27 Oxide 9 0.94 5.57 2.39 0.39 0.585

27 Oxide 10 7.26 12.09 4.39 1.65 0.796

27 Oxide 11 9.83 28.22 13.38 0.73 0.557

27 Oxide 12 1.52 7.39 3.23 0.47 0.497

27 Oxide 13 5.5 21.84 10.39 0.53 0.634

27 Oxide 14 18.43 37.51 17.71 1.04 0.206

27 Oxide 15 8.11 13.84 5.42 1.5 0.622

27 Oxide 16 7.37 16.68 7.34 1 0.473

27 Oxide 17 0.95 4.07 1.31 0.73 0.842

27 Oxide 18 2.03 6.4 2.33 0.87 0.845

27 Oxide 19 5.15 11.96 4.94 1.04 0.682

27 Oxide 20 15.21 28.24 12.95 1.17 0.584

27 Oxide 21 16.48 24.96 10.98 1.5 0.716

Field 5

9 Oxide 1 3.86 16.22 7.6 0.51 0.714

9 Oxide 2 2.27 7.45 2.96 0.77 0.613

9 Oxide 3 4.06 13.09 5.85 0.69 0.761

9 Oxide 4 33.42 48.28 22.66 1.47 0.531

9 Oxide 5 10.87 24.5 11.29 0.96 0.474

9 Oxide 6 2.37 7.78 3.13 0.76 0.802

9 Oxide 7 1.59 5.97 2.29 0.7 0.766

9 Oxide 8 1785.71 436.53 209.75 8.51 0.363

9 Oxide 9 1.03 6.37 2.82 0.37 0.555

9 Oxide 10 1.9 9.39 4.25 0.45 0.539

9 Oxide 11 1.79 7.1 2.94 0.61 0.653

9 Oxide 12 7.92 25.39 12.03 0.66 0.591

9 Oxide 13 4.34 18.93 8.98 0.48 0.329

9 Oxide 14 6.06 14.66 6.38 0.95 0.523

9 Oxide 15 4.41 15.15 6.94 0.64 0.66

9 Oxide 16 5.81 19.59 9.16 0.63 0.476

9 Oxide 17 1.75 7.65 3.29 0.53 0.452

9 Oxide 18 2.4 12.03 5.58 0.43 0.416

9 Oxide 19 1.43 6.85 2.94 0.49 0.502

9 Sulphide 1 30.76 43.26 20.1 1.53 0.425

9 Sulphide 2 6.22 47.05 23.26 0.27 0.412

9 Sulphide 3 7.43 17.07 7.55 0.98 0.821

Field 6 12 Oxide 1 2.61 7.08 2.49 1.05 0.814

12 Oxide 2 42.94 29.73 10.94 3.93 0.781

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12 Oxide 3 1.67 8.89 4.03 0.41 0.315

12 Oxide 4 1.35 6.7 2.88 0.47 0.431

12 Oxide 5 2.55 6.85 2.33 1.1 0.866

12 Oxide 6 44.51 38.41 16.51 2.7 0.791

12 Oxide 7 2.76 13.83 6.49 0.43 0.239

12 Oxide 8 4.97 9.8 3.46 1.44 0.918

12 Oxide 9 1.19 6.16 2.63 0.45 0.435

12 Oxide 10 1.26 6.86 3.01 0.42 0.662

12 Oxide 11 7.64 22.05 10.28 0.74 0.279

12 Oxide 12 1.56 7.97 3.55 0.44 0.71

12 Oxide 13 9.33 29.76 14.23 0.66 0.359

12 Oxide 14 2.15 7.58 3.09 0.7 0.582

12 Oxide 15 43.42 54.51 25.56 1.7 0.611

12 Oxide 16 2.21 8.78 3.81 0.58 0.547

12 Oxide 17 0.98 6.94 3.16 0.31 0.398

12 Oxide 18 1.07 8.66 4.06 0.26 0.386

12 Oxide 19 55.04 74.99 35.97 1.53 0.272

12 Oxide 20 8.94 25.61 12.06 0.74 0.494

12 Oxide 21 7.44 25.46 12.11 0.61 0.42

12 Oxide 22 2.42 9.11 3.94 0.61 0.609

12 Oxide 23 1.9 5.98 2.08 0.91 0.847

12 Oxide 24 1.71 8.67 3.9 0.44 0.408

12 Oxide 25 3.33 13.42 6.17 0.54 0.358

12 Sulphide 1 4.67 18.64 8.79 0.53 0.657

12 Sulphide 2 14.31 38.47 18.46 0.78 0.744

12 Sulphide 3 32.87 70.28 34.18 0.96 0.701

12 Sulphide 4 20.2 50.67 24.51 0.82 0.602

12 Sulphide 5 157.05 174.66 85.49 1.84 0.668

12 Sulphide 6 43.65 53.7 25.11 1.74 0.844

12 Sulphide 7 7.79 33.64 16.34 0.48 0.667

12 Sulphide 8 14.02 90.98 45.18 0.31 0.29

12 Sulphide 9 48.91 66.36 31.63 1.55 0.878

12 Sulphide 10 15.66 58.33 28.62 0.55 0.514

Field 7

13 Oxide 1 3.13 8.07 2.99 1.05 0.908

13 Oxide 2 9.13 15.01 5.98 1.53 0.842

13 Oxide 3 2.66 6.46 2.15 1.24 0.963

13 Oxide 4 24.39 26.79 11.22 2.17 0.79

13 Oxide 5 5.29 8.9 2.97 1.78 0.962

13 Oxide 6 23.46 22.88 8.76 2.68 0.798

13 Oxide 7 9.87 18 7.72 1.28 0.775

13 Sulphide 1 3.29 16.72 7.94 0.41 0.541

13 Sulphide 2 15.32 43.71 21.13 0.73 0.657

13 Sulphide 3 119.73 201.23 99.41 1.2 0.576

13 Sulphide 4 4.75 23.73 11.45 0.42 0.588

13 Sulphide 5 21.91 83.89 41.42 0.53 0.521

13 Sulphide 6 67.19 88.11 42.47 1.58 0.566

13 Sulphide 7 11.16 22.08 9.92 1.13 0.796

13 Sulphide 8 1.38 5.56 2.13 0.65 0.811

13 Sulphide 9 14.42 22.92 10.02 1.44 0.759

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13 Sulphide 10 18.03 39.56 18.82 0.96 0.675

13 Sulphide 11 16.12 79.34 39.26 0.41 0.258

13 Sulphide 12 9.02 31.79 15.3 0.59 0.501

Field 8

14 Oxide 1 7.84 13.84 5.5 1.43 0.757

14 Oxide 2 30.07 41.44 19.15 1.57 0.657

14 Oxide 3 11.31 33.25 15.92 0.71 0.449

14 Oxide 4 2.18 7.95 3.32 0.66 0.567

14 Oxide 5 8.89 31.36 15.09 0.59 0.54

14 Oxide 6 3.31 12.58 5.71 0.58 0.465

14 Oxide 7 5.65 10.22 3.49 1.62 0.905

14 Oxide 8 62.74 50.7 22.57 2.78 0.843

14 Oxide 9 6.33 18.92 8.74 0.72 0.701

14 Sulphide 1 11.19 108.1 53.84 0.21 0.18

14 Sulphide 2 2.14 19.89 9.73 0.22 0.174

14 Sulphide 3 11.89 19.08 8.07 1.47 0.769

14 Sulphide 4 1.95 10.72 4.97 0.39 0.687

14 Sulphide 5 1.08 6.53 2.89 0.37 0.51

Field 9

15 Sulphide 1 1.57 13.97 6.76 0.23 0.258

15 Sulphide 2 15.68 49.3 24 0.65 0.445

15 Sulphide 3 9.34 23.35 10.81 0.86 0.642

15 Sulphide 4 5.51 19.21 8.99 0.61 0.447

15 Sulphide 5 7.47 29.92 14.44 0.52 0.365

15 Sulphide 6 85.31 331.11 165.04 0.52 0.054

15 Sulphide 7 3.1 11.82 5.33 0.58 0.622

15 Sulphide 8 3.93 12.45 5.51 0.71 0.553

15 Oxide 1 9.27 14.27 5.43 1.71 0.689

15 Oxide 2 6.06 15.95 7.12 0.85 0.4

15 Oxide 3 3.88 7.61 2.85 1.36 0.913

15 Oxide 4 12.26 13.25 4.47 2.74 0.95

15 Oxide 5 7.05 19.41 8.91 0.79 0.446

15 Oxide 6 40.93 46.86 21.53 1.9 0.39

15 Oxide 7 3.96 8.66 3.02 1.31 0.885

15 Oxide 8 2.59 7.48 2.82 0.92 0.666

15 Oxide 9 816.97 194.59 88.01 9.28 0.526

15 Oxide 10 4.9 11.96 5 0.98 0.464

Field 10

16 Oxide 1 142.49 69.33 29.9 4.77 0.776

16 Oxide 2 8.12 13.63 5.27 1.54 0.852

16 Oxide 3 7.12 17.03 7.57 0.94 0.655

16 Oxide 4 5.85 12.45 5.07 1.15 0.663

16 Oxide 5 56.21 55.19 25.38 2.22 0.522

16 Oxide 6 14 20.04 8.34 1.68 0.693

16 Oxide 7 6.46 12.71 5.09 1.27 0.708

16 Sulphide 1 36.9 144.31 71.64 0.52 0.145

16 Sulphide 2 47.95 49.01 22.36 2.14 0.628

16 Sulphide 3 19.67 19 6.45 3.05 0.849

16 Sulphide 4 6.82 11.38 3.98 1.71 0.842

16 Sulphide 5 11.56 40.95 19.89 0.58 0.464

Field 11

17 Oxide 1 6.25 17.32 7.87 0.79 0.542

17 Oxide 2 1.55 6.82 2.87 0.54 0.494

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17 Oxide 3 67.9 88.88 42.86 1.58 0.267

17 Oxide 4 2.08 7.89 3.32 0.63 0.536

17 Oxide 5 4.63 14.34 6.45 0.72 0.825

17 Oxide 6 13.85 17.52 6.69 2.07 0.708

17 Oxide 7 2.75 8.49 3.45 0.8 0.794

17 Oxide 8 7.24 14.37 5.97 1.21 0.761

17 Oxide 9 8.25 16.59 7.14 1.16 0.717

17 Oxide 10 1.03 5.93 2.56 0.4 0.564

17 Sulphide 1 10.98 30.41 14.44 0.76 0.741

17 Sulphide 2 106.12 167.06 82.24 1.29 0.414

17 Sulphide 3 14.38 40.75 19.65 0.73 0.741

17 Sulphide 4 6 12.87 5.3 1.13 0.891

17 Sulphide 5 1.43 11.56 5.52 0.26 0.205

17 Sulphide 6 1.57 8.46 3.82 0.41 0.507

Field 12

18 Oxide 1 6.53 14.19 6.01 1.09 0.57

18 Oxide 2 2.7 6.69 1.97 1.37 0.891

18 Oxide 3 8.2 14.34 5.75 1.43 0.759

18 Oxide 4 6.06 11.59 4.43 1.37 0.72

18 Oxide 5 6.02 9.53 3.39 1.78 0.923

18 Oxide 6 3.52 10.1 4.22 0.83 0.53

18 Oxide 7 13.18 19.56 8.17 1.61 0.773

18 Sulphide 1 2.69 12.99 6.05 0.45 0.488

18 Sulphide 2 54.73 79.01 38.07 1.44 0.621

18 Sulphide 3 101.4 91.24 43.28 2.34 0.761

18 Sulphide 4 4.19 15.19 7 0.6 0.398

18 Sulphide 5 17.03 29.61 13.55 1.26 0.617

18 Sulphide 6 6.39 58.48 29.02 0.22 0.155

Field 13

19 Oxide 1 3603.2 585.69 279.97 12.87 0.348

19 Oxide 2 18.44 39 18.5 1 0.316

19 Oxide 3 13.2 30.69 14.43 0.92 0.488

19 Oxide 4 4.48 10.39 4.11 1.09 0.577

19 Oxide 5 34.3 28.1 10.9 3.15 0.841

19 Oxide 6 5.49 10.95 4.15 1.32 0.626

19 Oxide 7 4.34 8.11 2.97 1.46 0.918

19 Oxide 8 24.68 19.31 6.85 3.6 0.893

19 Oxide 9 19.93 18.99 6.36 3.13 0.898

19 Sulphide 1 3.84 10.34 4.27 0.9 0.653

19 Sulphide 2 13.93 46.96 22.87 0.61 0.475

19 Sulphide 3 25.57 58.69 28.44 0.9 0.58

19 Sulphide 4 38.84 153.61 76.29 0.51 0.036

Field 14

20 Oxide 1 13.16 25.38 11.55 1.14 0.78

20 Oxide 2 11.8 20.81 9.11 1.3 0.743

20 Oxide 3 20.83 18.32 4.96 4.2 0.976

20 Oxide 4 11.41 13.84 4.21 2.71 0.897

20 Oxide 5 66.5 47.97 20.79 3.2 0.803

20 Oxide 6 27.03 27.3 11.24 2.4 0.9

20 Oxide 7 3.87 7.82 2.87 1.35 0.875

20 Sulphide 1 2.15 6.47 2.3 0.94 0.898

20 Sulphide 2 3.54 7.71 2.35 1.51 0.937

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20 Sulphide 3 8.49 31.64 15.26 0.56 0.398

Field 15

21 Oxide 1 5.05 8.84 2.89 1.75 0.957

21 Oxide 2 61.01 43.73 18.58 3.28 0.881

21 Oxide 3 3.66 12.71 5.72 0.64 0.682

21 Oxide 4 6.51 10.52 3.26 1.99 0.921

21 Oxide 5 3.01 7.29 2.38 1.26 0.829

21 Oxide 6 11.24 16.85 6.76 1.66 0.78

21 Oxide 7 5.18 9.62 3.19 1.63 0.868

21 Oxide 8 16.78 16.64 4.88 3.44 0.902

21 Oxide 9 3.94 7.76 2.99 1.32 0.888

21 Oxide 10 3.06 9.75 4.14 0.74 0.649

21 Sulphide 1 18.66 31.24 14.32 1.3 0.73

21 Sulphide 2 113.15 101.57 48.45 2.34 0.821

21 Sulphide 3 7.49 14.96 6.29 1.19 0.65

21 Sulphide 4 16.81 45.96 22.22 0.76 0.524

21 Sulphide 5 10.96 32.77 15.69 0.7 0.538

Field 16

22 Oxide 1 54.47 82.62 39.95 1.36 0.519

22 Oxide 2 3.79 7.62 2.93 1.29 0.884

22 Oxide 3 3.79 9.48 3.72 1.02 0.66

22 Oxide 4 10.33 18.29 7.82 1.32 0.802

22 Sulphide 1 61.71 143.02 70.64 0.87 0.366

22 Sulphide 2 25.34 55.19 26.64 0.95 0.663

22 Sulphide 3 8.24 14.74 5.99 1.38 0.844

Field17 23 Sulphide 1 28.85 48.17 22.82 1.26 0.75

23 Sulphide 2 30.2 38.69 17.63 1.71 0.708

Field 18

24 Oxide 1 23.38 26.75 11.31 2.07 0.754

24 Oxide 2 75.5 45.71 18.85 4.01 0.724

24 Oxide 3 11.62 16.39 6.37 1.82 0.885

24 Oxide 4 2.35 9.28 4.06 0.58 0.477

24 Oxide 5 2.64 6.67 2.04 1.29 0.892

24 Sulphide 1 13.93 20.83 8.84 1.58 0.905

Field 19

25 Oxide 1 5.27 12.23 5.07 1.04 0.848

25 Oxide 2 1.1 5.27 2.12 0.52 0.658

25 Oxide 3 8.29 14.24 5.66 1.47 0.833

25 Oxide 4 11.44 13.74 4.04 2.83 0.876

25 Oxide 5 4.21 7.67 2.72 1.55 0.954

25 Oxide 6 2.28 7.69 3.11 0.73 0.675

25 Sulphide 1 4.21 12.34 5.39 0.78 0.615

25 Sulphide 2 1.12 6.42 2.81 0.4 0.668

25 Sulphide 3 16.62 26.14 11.64 1.43 0.664

25 Sulphide 4 4.71 28.5 13.91 0.34 0.392

25 Sulphide 5 15.25 22 9.37 1.63 0.86

Field 20

26 Sulphide 1 5.44 15.4 6.91 0.79 0.708

26 Sulphide 2 31.56 32.38 13.92 2.27 0.767

26 Sulphide 3 45.17 42.83 19.04 2.37 0.827

26 Sulphide 4 71.58 69.65 32.63 2.19 0.783

26 Sulphide 5 15.22 29.65 13.71 1.11 0.729

26 Sulphide 6 6.94 21.39 10 0.69 0.682

26 Sulphide 7 11.96 29.28 13.77 0.87 0.682

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26 Oxide 1 9 11.24 4.01 2.24 0.938

26 Oxide 2 1.44 5.13 1.74 0.83 0.791

26 Oxide 3 2.04 6.93 2.71 0.75 0.596

26 Oxide 4 5.65 15.62 7 0.81 0.407

26 Oxide 5 1.15 6.75 2.99 0.38 0.481

26 Oxide 6 3.49 10.83 4.67 0.75 0.566

26 Oxide 8 8.31 19.31 8.7 0.96 0.437

26 Oxide 9 3.86 8.48 2.92 1.32 0.773

26 Oxide 10 0.9 4.94 2.02 0.45 0.571

26 Oxide 12 49.43 62.07 29.35 1.68 0.442

26 Oxide 13 7.03 17.46 7.84 0.9 0.456

26 Oxide 14 5.28 11.3 4.47 1.18 0.701

Table 1: Individual Results

Summary of results

Area inclusion

Area fraction AA

Area inclusion

Area fraction AA

Field N AI Oxide (μm²)

AI/AT Oxide (%)

AI Sulphide (μm²)

AI/AT Sulphide (%)

1 62.20 0.13 68.43 0.15

2 83.17 0.18 122.97 0.26

3 41.55 0.09 63.32 0.14

4 290.05 0.62 259.92 0.56

5 1882.99 4.06 44.41 0.10

6 254.95 0.55 359.13 0.77

7 77.93 0.17 302.32 0.65

8 138.32 0.30 28.25 0.06

9 907.87 1.96 131.91 0.28

10 240.25 0.52 122.90 0.26

11 115.53 0.25 140.48 0.30

12 46.21 0.10 186.43 0.40

13 3728.06 8.03 82.18 0.18

14 154.60 0.33 14.18 0.03

15 119.44 0.26 167.07 0.36

16 72.38 0.16 95.29 0.21

17 0.00 0.00 59.05 0.13

18 115.49 0.25 13.93 0.03

19 32.59 0.07 41.91 0.09

20 97.58 0.21 187.87 0.40

Average X 423.06 0.91 124.60 0.27

Standard Deviation 889.00 1.9148 96.16 0.2071

95% Confidence Interval*

0.8961

0.0969

%Relative Accuracy*

98.35

36.12

Field area AT 46428 μm² Table 2: Summary of results

*acc. to ASTM E1245

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In the following images of the 20 fields with the applied threshold settings are shown.

Figure 4: Field 1

Figure 5: Field 2

No inclusions. These areas were not taken into account.

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Figure 6: Field 3

Figure 7: Field 4

Figure 8: Field 5

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Figure 9: Field 6

Figure 10: Field 7

Figure 11: Field 8

No inclusions. These areas were not taken into account.

R-DE02-14-01 Page 14 of 18

Figure 12: Field 9

Figure 13: Field 10

Figure 14: Field 11

R-DE02-14-01 Page 15 of 18

Figure 15: Field 12

Figure 16: Field 13

Figure 17: Field 14

R-DE02-14-01 Page 16 of 18

Figure 18: Field 15

Figure 19: Field 16

Figure 20: Field 17

R-DE02-14-01 Page 17 of 18

Figure 21: Field 18

Figure 22: Field 19

Figure 23: Field 20

R-DE02-14-01 Page 18 of 18

Conclusions: One Eighty Materials Testing has proven with this report, that it can determine the inclusion content of

metals (in this case cast iron) by means of applying threshold limits in its NIS image analysis software. The

amount of fields and samples analysed can always be adjusted to the requirements of Scaw Metals in order

to improve the accuracy of the test. Also the display of the results can be adjusted to the requirements of

Scaw Metals.

Verification data for identifying oxide and sulphide type inclusions will be sent additionally as soon as the

data is available.

One Eighty References

Samples Received Date: August 2013

Test Methods used ☐ OE-TSP-03 TM01 Tensile Testing Metals

☐ OE-TSP-03 TM03 Impact Testing Metals

☐ OE-TSP-03 TM05 Vickers Hardness Testing

☐ OE-TSP-03 TM06 Spectrometric Analysis

☐ OE-TSP-03 TM07 Spectrometric Analysis Handheld

☒ OE-TSP-03 TM08 Microstructural Analysis

Offsite Testing ☐ AMS – Reeb Rd, Firgrove, Somerset-West

☐ Castco – 30 Assegaai Rd, Parow Industrial

☐ UCT Physics – Rondebosch

Offsite Machining ☐ Dennes Engineering - 3a Diesel Road, Oude Moulen

☐ G2N - UCT, Rondebosch

☐ Techmould Plast – 3a Kariga St, Stikland

Customer Information

*Samples will be kept for 1 month. Please collect within this time. After 2 months samples will be scrapped.

i ASTM E45-13 table 2 p.7