report research inco - lian gogali

7/23/2019 Report Research INCO - Lian Gogali

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ZP EGMA] ]AMENH \O]ZAG]ELEHEPU


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\o}on|mf \oza|p

ZP EGMA] ]AMENH \O]ZAG]ELEHEPU

Pa Z|adapo Omagadem( ]amenh ng`Ogse|agdogpnh Z|ai|o}}

eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e

Heng Iainhe


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Zulhe}fo` l2EGCE@ &Egpo|gnpeagnh GIA Ca|ud ag Eg`ago}eng @osohazdogp%Bh' Bnpe Zn`ngi \nn Kns' = Ga' >:?Zn}n| Degiiu( Bnkn|pn >


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Pnlho ac magpogp}

Ovomupeso ]uddn|

>' Egp|a`umpeag


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OVOM_PESO ]_DDN\U

Po |o}on|mf pepho` Z EGMA} ]amenh \o}zag}elehep pa Z|adapo Omagadem(]amenh ng` Ogse|agdogpnh Z|ai|o}} eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e e} egpogò` pa z|aseòeg}eifp egpa pfo |aho a ma|za|npeag}( eg pfe} mn}o Z Egpo|gnpeagnh Gemkoh Egàgo}en( eg luehègi pfo mnznmep a pfo zoazho a Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e |ad pfo omagadem( }amenh ng` ogse|agdogpnh èdog}eag} pf|auif maddugep òsohazdogpz|ai|nd} a| da|o zazuhn|gn kgayg n} M]\ &ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep%'Pe} |o}on|mf e} n ò}m|ezpesongnhpemnh }pu` pfnp nàzp} pfo ~unhepnpesoodze|emnh nzz|anmf pf|auif hepo|npu|o |oseoy( amu} i|auz è}mu}}eag} ng` egòzpfegpo|seoy}'

Pe} }pu` }ook} pa ugmaso| ng}yo|} pa pfo ahhayegi m|epemnh ~uo}peag}2 >%@ao} Z EGMA egso}pdogp} eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e magp|elupo pa pfo omagadem(}amenh ng` ogse|agdogpnh z|ai|o}} eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e1


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pfoe| |eifp} eg degegi magmo}}eag n|on}' Po z|ase}eag a M@ ug`} }fauh` lon ma|za|npo alheinpeag( madzn|nlho pa n hang pfnp du}p lo |ozne` eg |opu|g a|z|ap} on|go` ng` ha}}o} egmu||o`' N} }umf( pfo ndaugp a M@ ug`} }fauh`lo nmmu|npoh mnhmuhnpo` l pnkegi egpa nmmaugp mu||ogp ng` upu|o omagadem(}amenh( muhpu|nh ng` ogse|agdogpnh ha}}o} pfnp pfo zoazho n|o a|mo` pa ònh yepf'

a og}u|o pfnp Z EGMA} lu}ego}} oginiodogp eg pfo |oieag ioguegoh magp|elupo} pa omagadem( }amenh ng` ogse|agdogpnh z|ai|o}}( n madz|ofog}o osnhunpeag a Z EGMA} degegi z|o}ogmo e} a upda}p edza|pngmo' Po osnhunpeag}fauh` dopemuhau}h pnko egpa mag}eò|npeag yn}po dngniodogp zhng} eg a|ò|pa degedero pfo egosepnlho mag}o~uogmo a ogse|agdogpnh òi|n`npeag; ng` pfogoo` pa nmmu|npoh mnhmuhnpo hamnhhiogo|npo` |osoguo nineg}p pfo |e}k a omahaiemnh ò}p|umpeag n} yohh n} }amenh ng` muhpu|nh edznmp} n|e}egi |ad degegiazo|npeag}' Ng nmmu|npo ng` fago}p mnhmuhnpeag yepfaup ng a|d a dngezuhn

peag }fnhh fohz hamnh ng` z|asegmenh iaso|gdogp loppo| ugò|}png` nlaup ma|za|npo z|ap} eg magp|n}p pa ma|za|npo alheinpeag} ng` pnkegi egpa nmmaugp è}n}po|edznmp} ùo pa ogse|agdogpnh òsn}pnpeag ng` }amenh ng` muhpu|nh è}egpoi|npeag' Ep e} nh}a o}}ogpenh pa og}u|o hagipo|d maddugep òsohazdogp zhnggegieg sehhnio} }epunpo` yepfeg degegi magmo}}eag n|on} eg a|ò| pa z|ozn|o pfod a|}amenh( omagadem( muhpu|nh ng` ogse|agdogpnh edznmp} n}}amenpo` yepf degeginmpesepeo}'

Osnhunpeag du}p lo ahhayo` uz l pfo |ogoiapenpeag a Z EGMA} Magp|nmp

a Ya|k' Po |ogoiapenpeag z|amo}} }fauh` og}u|o pfnp nompo` maddugepeo} a|pfo iaso|gdogp n|o egmhuò` n} }fn|ofahò|}( pfu} }eigemngph magp|elupo papfo edz|asodogp a zoazho} yohn|o ng` }peduhnpo o~uepnlho omagadem i|aypf'


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E' Egp|aùmpeag

Lnmki|aug`

fo dumfpaupo` logop} a a|oeig egso}pdogp egmhuò pfo dng lho}}egi} pfnp ep l|egi} pa pfo zoazho a Egàgo}en' Po}o }amnhho` lho}}egi}|oo| pa pfo nsnehnlehep a dngzayo|( p|ng}za|p ng` pohomaddugemnpeag

nmehepeo}( ng` n daò|g ove}pogmo pfnp z|ade}o} magsogeogmo ng` alseau}h ovzoèpo} òsohazdogp' Egso}pdogp e} }oog n} n dong} pa òheso| z|a}zo|ep pa pfozoazho' Gap }u|z|e}egih( mnhh} a| pfo egmhu}eag a egso}pdogp n} ago a pfo dneg

}au|mo} a òsohazdogp gngmegi fnso |ugi hau` ng` mhon|' Pe} e} oseògp egpfo egma|za|npeag a a|oeig egso}pdogp n} n òsohazdogp madzagogp ahhayegi]aofn|pa} |ohon}o a Hny Ga' >!>539 magmo|gegi Ca|oeig Egso}pdogp' Po hnyieso} a|oeigo|} pfo helo|p pa egso}p pfoe| dago eg Egàgo}en' Pe} z|esehoioogbao` l a|oeig egso}pa|} e} u|pfo| ovzngò` yepf pfo egp|aùmpeag a pfozahem ag degegi |eifp} eg


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Po |oza|p ovzhemeph ò}m|elo} ag C@E} }eigemngp magp|elupeag pa omagademòsohazdogp' ]umf logop} mng lo eg pfo a|d a omagadem i|aypf( ihalnh omagadem egpoi|npeag pf|auif p|nò ng` egso}pdogp( pomfgahai p|ng}o|( fudngmnzepnh ogfngmodogp( lu}ego}} madzopepesogo}} eg fa}p maugp|eo} ng` i|onpo|zapogpenh a| ogpo|z|e}o} osohazdogp' AOM@ nh}a }zomemnhh dogpeag} ag fay

C@E z|adapo} ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep eg}pepupeagnhero` egpa zahemeo}'Eg |onhep fayoso|( egso}pdogp fn} }~uooro` `| pfo |o}au|mo} a |oieag} eg

òsohazegi maugp|eo} agh pa lo magsogeogph fngò` aso| pa n`sngmo` maugp|eo}( yfeho honsegi lofeg` ogse|agdogpnh ò}p|umpeag madzaugò` yepf }amenhng` muhpu|nh è}egpoi|npeag' Pe} fn} z|adzpo` }fn|z m|epeme}d} ng` sofodogpz|apo}p} |ad ogse|agdogpnh nmpese}p} ng` pfo zulhem np hn|io' Cegio|} n|o zaegpo`np a|oeig madzngeo}( zo|moeso` pa lo hn|ioh |o}zag}elho a| a|o}p òsn}pnpeagng` ogse|agdogpnh òi|n`npeag gap agh eg ovzhaepo` |oieag} lup edznmp} nh}a

pa pfo |o}p a pfo ya|h`' Cu|pfo|da|o( ya|ko|} du}p }ulde}}esoh nmmozp donio|ynio}( yfeho }fn|ofahò|}( egmhuègi mag}udo|} |onz z|aèieau} z|ap} ng` n|opfo ago} pa ogba pfo |uep} a òsohazdogp' Pe} }edzh z|aso} pfnp eg}pon` al|egiegi lho}}egi}( egso}pdogp ag pfo magp|n| fn} mnu}o` de}a|pugo a| pfozoazho yfa}o |o}au|mo} fnso loog |upfho}}h ovzhaepo`'

]umf lu}ego}} z|nmpemo}( magòdgo` l ogse|agdogpnh nmpese}p} ng` pfo iogo|nh zulhem( fnso loog npago` a| l madzngeo} pf|auif ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep &M]\%' M]\ e} }oog n} ng oompeso paah pa |omagmeho lu}ego}} egpo|o}p}yepf zulhem ng` ogse|agdogpnh magmo|g} yepfaup pfo goo` a| dumf l|anò|iaso|gdogp egpo|sogpeag' ]amenh |o}zag}elehep fayoso| fn} loog |oegpo|z|opo`ng` |oògo` aso| pedo' Eg Egàgo}en( Hny Ga' 0:!555( e} ng ovndzho a n |oieag pfnp loheoso} eg pfo gapeag pfnp egso}p


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dogp yehh l|egi nlug`ngp lho}}egi} pa pfo zoazho' Ca|oeig egso}pdogp lomado}n iun|ngpoo a| omagadem òsohazdogp( dnegh a| za}pmagemp maddugepeo} ng` pfa}o ugpaumfo` l gnpeagnh òsohazdogp' Yepf pfe} |ndo a deg`( epmado} n} ga }u|z|e}o yfog pfo Da|aynhe è}p|emp fon` nzzon|} pa lo eg n |u}f pae}}uo degegi zo|dep}' a `npo( }ado >6= degegi hemog}o} fnso loog i|ngpo` a| n

papnh n|on a >?(05:'>< kd536( Z EGMA fn}op pa z|aso pa pfo z|asegmenh ng` è}p|emp iaso|gdogp ng` gon|l maddugepeo}

pfnp ep fn} l|auifp pfod pfo dumf ngpemeznpo` lho}}egi} a z|a}zo|ep' Po mu||ogp }epunpeag eg}pon` fn} loog pfo |oso|}o'

M]\ ug`} nhhamnpo` a| maddugepeo} gon| Z EGMA} degegi }epo} n|o mag}eò|o` n} zn|p a madzng iaa`yehh pa magp|elupo pa hamnh òsohazdogp' AOM@z|oseau}h eg n |oza|p fn} }zomemnhh dogpeago` pfnp mnzepnh egso}pdogp z|adapo} ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep dngeo}po` eg zahemeo}' @ao} Z EGMA}ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep niog`n magp|elupo }eigemngph pa hamnh omagademòsohazdogp1 Pe} }pu` }ook} pa z|alo egpa pfo ovpogp pa yfemf Z EGMA} }amenh |o}zag}elehep yepfeg ep} azo|npegi n|on fn} magp|elupo` pa omagadem( }amenhng` ogse|agdogpnh òsohazdogp'

\o}on|mf Zu|za}o

Pe} |o}on|mf dnegh egpog`} pa ovndego pfo |aho a ma|za|npeag}( eg pfe} mn}oZ Egpo|gnpeagnh Gemkoh Egàgo}en( payn|`} Egàgo}en} omagadem òsohazdogp(yepf |oo|ogmo pa AOM@ iueòhego}' Ep }zomemnhh haak} np pfo |aho a Z EGMA}mnzepnh egso}pdogp eg òsohazegi pfo omagadem mnznmep a pfo zoazho( zn|pemuhn|h Z EGMA} magp|elupeag pa omagadem( }amenh ng` ogse|agdogpnh z|ai|o}}eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e( o}zomenhh pf|auif pfo maddugep òsohazdogp z|ai|nd'


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EE' \o}on|mf Dopfaàhai

fe} |o}on|mf nàzp} n ~unhepnpeso dopfaàhai pf|auif egòzpf oh`

}pu`' Np pfo egepenh }pnio( n hepo|npu|o |oseoy yn} mn||eo` aup l zo|u}egi |oo|ogmo dnpo|enh ng` amudogp} |ad eo|ogp }au|mo}' Po }omag`

zfn}o egsahso` amu} i|auz è}mu}}eag} &CI@}% ndagi z|adegogp maddugepiu|o} ng` hamnh iaso|gdogp amenh} |ad sehhnio} eògpeo` n} |o}on|mf hamnpeag( n} yohh n} egòzpf egpo|seoy} yepf duhpezho zn|peo}' Egpo|seoy} yo|o magùmpo` yepf |ohosngp }pnkofahò|} |oz|o}ogpegi ma|za|npeag}( hamnh ng` z|asegmenh iaso|gdogp ng` hamnh maddugepeo} eg degegi magmo}}eag n|on}' Po pfe|`}pnio amu}o` ag `npn ngnh}e} ng` |oza|p y|epegi'

Hepo|npu|o |oseoy maso|} pya }pnio}' Po |}p zfn}o haak} np iogo|nh ega|dnpeag( yfeho pfo }omag` zfn}o |oseoy} àmudogp} è|omph nsnehnlho |ad pfo|o}on|mf hamnpeag' Iogo|nh ega|dnpeag e} ò|eso` |ad pfo egpo|gop( zn|pemuhn|h |ohnpo` pa Z EGMA zahemeo} ag ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep ng` degegiz|aùmpeag' Ega|dnpeag e} nh}a mahhompo` |ad laak}( n|pemho}( za}epeag znzo|}ng` bau|gnh} |ohnpo` pa Z EGMA( a|oeig è|omp egso}pdogp ng` ma|za|npo }amenh|o}zag}elehep' Po}o hepo|npu|o} n|o alpnego` |ad hamnh a|ingernpeag} hn|ioh|ad ngnf Do|òkn Caug`npeag ng` Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e Degegi Gopya|k a|

BNND pfnp z|aseò nmehepnpeag pa hamnh maddugepeo} eg ònhegi yepf e}}uo}|ohnpo` pa Z EGMA' ]oso|nh àmudogp} n|o nm~ue|o` |ad mag}uhpnpeag yepf |o}on|mfo|} yfa fnso magùmpo` }puèo} ag ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep eg apfo||oieag} nm|a}} Egàgo}en' Po }omag` }pnio magmogp|npo} ag àmudogp} alpnego`|ad |oieag} eògpeo` n} |o}on|mf hamnpeag( egmhuègi |ad iaso|gdogp amo}np pfo sehhnio ng` è}p|emp hosoh eg Da|aynhe' Da}p àmudogp} inego` |ad pfo

sehhnio iaso|gdogp n|o |ohnpo` pa doopegi} foh` lopyoog pfo zulhem( pfo madzng ng` è}p|emp iaso|gdogp( egmhuègi ni|oodogp} zo|pnegegi pa pfo |o}on|mfpazem' ]pnpe}pemnh ega|dnpeag ag Da|aynhe e} ò|eso` è|omph |ad pfo è}p|empiaso|gdogp( dnegh |ad pfo hamnh }pnpe}pemnh lu|onu'

Ng egepenh ò}k |o}on|mf ega|d} pfo |o}on|mf pond a| pfo }fn|zogegi a |o}on|mf ~uo}peag} ng` |o}on|mf amu}' Pe} e} ahhayo` l amu} i|auz è}mu}}eag}yepf |oz|o}ogpnpeso} |ad pfo zulhem ng` sehhnio iaso|gdogp' Z|ea| pa CI@}( pfo|o}on|mfo| ng` |o}on|mf n}}e}pngp yehh eògpe ko iu|o} |ad pfo |o}zompeso sehhnio fnsegi è|omp egsahsodogp a| yfa ovo|p eguogmo ag pfo hamnh maddugepyepf |oin|` pa Z EGMA} degegi azo|npeag}' Po}o egèseùnh} yo|o egsepo` pazn|pemeznpo eg CI@} yepf apfo| maddugep |oz|o}ogpnpeso}( egmhuègi z|adegogp yadog' Po CI@ e} nppogò` l


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yadog honò|} ng` pfo iogo|nh zulhem |ad 5 sehhnio}' @e}mu}}eag} paumfo` agZ EGMA} èo|ogp a|d} a }amenh |o}zag}elehep eg onmf sehhnio nhagi yepf pfo`gndem} ng` zahodem} a pfo madzng)} }amenh |o}zag}elehep niog`n' CI@ nh}aè}mu}}o` ag pfo ovpogp pa yfemf sn|eau} a|d} a ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehepnomp pfo omagadem( }amenh ng` muhpu|nh òsohazdogp a maddugepeo} |o}eègi

gon| degegi }epo}'CI@ dnko} ep on}eo| a| |o}on|mfo|} pa ineg eg}eifp egpa |o}zag}o} ng` |onm

peag} payn|` Z EGMA} nppodzp} np uhhhegi ep} }amenh |o}zag}elehep eg ep} èo|ogp a|d} eg pfo |o}zompeso sehhnio' Ca| da|o pfa|auif |o}on|mf( CI@ e} ahhayo`l egòzpf egpo|seoy} yepf sn|eau} zn|peo} oepfo| è|omph a| egè|omph |ohnpo`pa Z EGMA} ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep nmpesepeo}' Po egmhuò` |omezeogp}a Z EGMA} M]\ ug`}( egmhuègi sehhnio iaso|gdogp amo}; M]\ n`dege}p|npa|}; z|adegogp maddugep iu|o} egsahso` eg pfo è}p|elupeag ng` a| goiapen

peag a Z EGMA} M]\ maddepdogp; ng` pfo iogo|nh zulhem &|ngàd% yfa n|ogagM]\ |omezeogp}'

Egpo|seoy} n|o magùmpo` yepf M]\ ug` |omezeogp} eg 5 sehhnio} a| èo|ogpa|d} a M]\ nmpesepeo} aso| pedo eg a|ò| pa ineg ega|dnpeag ag pfo `gndem}a Z EGMA} M]\ maddepdogp}' Egpo|seoyoo} nh}a egmhuò` n`dege}p|npa|} aZ EGMA} M]\ nmpesepeo} np pfo sehhnio( }ulè}p|emp ng` z|asegmenh hosoh( }zomemnhh nùhnka _geso|}ep} \o}on|mf Eg}pepupo' Maddugep iu|o} egpo|seoyo`n|o pfa}o è|omph a| egè|omph egsahso` eg è}mu}}eag} ng` a| goiapenpeag} ag

Z EGMA} M]\ maddepdogp}( egmhuègi pfa}o yfa }uzza|p ng` azza}o ZEGMA' Dodlo|} a pfo iogo|nh zulhem yfa yo|o egpo|seoyo` n|o pfa}o yfa fnsogoso| è|omph logopo` |ad Z EGMA} M]\ niog`n( zn|pemuhn|h yepf |oin|`pa oùmnpeagnh ng` fonhpf nmehepeo}( eg pfo |o}zompeso sehhnio' \o}on|mfo|} nh}aegpo|seoyo` ogse|agdogpnh nmpese}p} ng` n`samnpo} ndehen| yepf pfo fe}pa| lofeg` Z EGMA} z|o}ogmo eg Da|aynhe ng` pfo `gndem} a ep} M]\ niog`n'

\o}on|mfo|} hn|ioh nmo` èmuhp eg egpo|seoyegi Z EGMA ng` pfo Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp' Goso|pfoho}}( }oso|nh è}p|emp iaso|gdogp amenh}ng` M]\ n`dege}p|npa|} np pfo z|asegmenh hosoh yfa |oz|o}ogp Z EGMA} M]\zahemeo} yo|o yehhegi pa maddogp ag Z EGMA} degegi azo|npeag}'

\o}on|mf Sn|enlho

\o}on|mf sn|enlho} n|o dnegh `|nyg |ad AOM@ egèmnpa|} ag }amenh |o}zag}elehep n}}amenpo` yepf a|oeig è|omp egso}pdogp' AOM@ &A|ingernpeag a|Omagadem ng` Maazo|npeag @osohazdogp% fn} }puèo` ag pfo |aho a a|oeigè|omp egso}pdogp eg òsohazdogp niog`n}' Eg n }pu` |oza|p ag Ca|oeig @e|ompEgso}pdogp a| @osohazdogp Dnvede}egi Logop}( Degede}egi Ma}p} &


16/73

Po aso|nhh logop} a C@E a| òsohazegi maugp| omagadeo} n|o yohh àmudogpo`' Iesog pfo nzz|az|enpo fa}pmaugp| zahemeo} ng` n ln}em hosoh a òsohazdogp( n z|ozagò|ngmo a }puèo} }fay} pfnp C@E p|eiio|} pomfgahai}zehhaso|}( n}}e}p} fudng mnzepnh a|dnpeag( magp|elupo} pa egpo|gnpeagnh p|nòegpoi|npeag( fohz} m|onpo n da|o madzopepeso lu}ego}} ogse|agdogp ng` ogfngm

o} ogpo|z|e}o} òsohazdogp' Nhh a pfo}o magp|elupo pa feifo| omagadem i|aypf(yfemf e} pfo da}p zapogp paah a| nhhosenpegi zaso|p eg òsohazegi maugp|eo}'Da|oaso|( loag` pfo }p|emph omagadem logop}( C@E dn fohz edz|aso ogse|agdogpnh ng` }amenh magèpeag} eg pfo fa}p maugp| l( a| ovndzho( p|ng}o||egi mhongo| pomfgahaieo} ng` honègi pa da|o }amenhh |o}zag}elho ma|za|npozahemeo}' &AOM@(


17/73

p|negegi z|ai|nddo}5' \o|neg |ad è}m|edegnpa| a è}mezhegn| nmpeag nineg}p odzhaoo}

yfa dnko lagn ò |oza|p} pa dngniodogp} a|( n} nzz|az|enpo( pa pfomadzopogp zulhem nupfa|epeo}( ag z|nmpemo} pfnp magp|nsogo pfo hny( pfoiueòhego} a| pfo ogpo|z|e}o} zahemeo}

>:' Ogmau|nio( yfo|o z|nmpemnlho( lu}ego}} zn|pgo|}( egmhuègi }uzzheo|} ng`}ulmagp|nmpa|}( pa nzzh z|egmezho} a ma|za|npo magùmp madznpelho yepfpfo Iueòhego}

>>' Nl}pneg |ad ng edz|azo| egsahsodogp eg hamnh zahepemnh nmpesepeo}Eg |oo|ogmo pa pfo a|oiaegi iogo|nh z|egmezho}( pfe} |o}on|mf }fnhh amu} ag

zaegp} ago ng` pf|oo pfnp ugò|}ma|o pfo goo` a| ma|za|npo egsahsodogp eg lah}po|egi pfo hamnh omagad &C@E |omezeogp maugp|eo}%' Cu|pfo|da|o( pfe} |o}on|mfnh}a |oo|} pa pfo Ou|azong _geag} iogo|nh ògepeag a ma|za|npo }amenh |o

}zag}elehep2 N magmozp yfo|o l madzngeo} òmeò sahugpn|eh pa magp|elupopa n loppo| }ameop ng` n mhongo| ogse|agdogp' N magmozp yfo|o l madzngeo}egpoi|npo }amenh ng` ogse|agdogpnh magmo|g} eg pfoe| lu}ego}} azo|npeag ng` egpfoe| egpo|nmpeag yepf pfoe| }pnkofahò| ag sahugpn| ln}e}

Ngnh}e} _gep

Po |o}on|mf ngnh}e} ugep e} Z Egpo|gnpeagnh Gemkoh Egàgo}en &Z EGMA%'Z EGMA yn} mfa}og lomnu}o ep e} n p|ng}gnpeagnh ma|za|npeag &GM% pfnp mag

}pepupo} zn|p a pfo ihalnh ma|za|npo ya|h`( ng` oginio} eg a|oeig è|omp egso}pdogp'

N} n goyh o}pnlhe}fo` |oieag &}ozn|npo` |ad Za}a @e}p|emp }egmo >555%( pfoDa|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp |oin|`} egso}pdogp n} ng o}}ogpenh madzagogp a|nmmoho|npegi pfo òsohazdogp z|amo}}' Z EGMA} z|o}ogmo e} pfo|oa|o ovzompo`pa l|egi àyg ugodzhadogp |npo}( ndagi apfo|} l laa}pegi hamnh |osoguo'Po nsnehnlehep a }zomenh ug`} kgayg n} Maddugep @osohazdogp ug`} a|maddugepeo} gon| degegi magmo}}eag n|on} e} }oog n} loegi zn|p a pfo è|omplogop} ogbao` l hamnh maddugepeo} iogo|npo` |ad ma|za|npo egso}pdogp}'Ag pfo apfo| fng`( pfo zulhem fn} edza}o` n }hoy a òdng`} ng` daugpo` z|apo}p} nineg}p Z EGMA} degegi azo|npeag}' @e}zupo} yepf hamnh |o}eògp} egmhuòmn}o} ag hng` madzog}npeag( }amenh ug` è}p|elupeag( hamnh aygo|}fez( ng` og

se|agdogpnh ò}p|umpeag'


18/73

EEE' \o}on|mf Cegègi}

n' Da|aynhe2 Hng` ac n Pfau}ng` Dego}

Da|aynhe e} ng nupagadau} è}p|emp o}pnlhe}fo` ln}o` ag Hny Ga'?>!>555 magmo|gegi pfo O}pnlhe}fdogp a pfo @e}p|emp} a Luah( Da|aynhe( ng` Lngiine E}hng`}' Po gndo Da|aynhe a|eiegnpo} |ad pfo

Yngn p|elnh ènhomp pfnp dong} n pfugò|au} }aug`' Po Yngn opfgem i|auz e}ng eghng` maddugep yfa `yohh} nhagi pfo Lagikn \eso| ng` ep} p|elupn|eo} papfo ga|pf a Da|aynhe ng` hnpo| lomndo pfo ò}eignpo` gndo a pfo |oieag' Da

|aynhe yn} z|oseau}h ugò| pfo è}p|emp a Za}a pfnp }p|opmfo} |ad pfo }aupfon}p pa pfo yo}p( ng` nm|a}} pfo ga|pfo|g zn|p a pfo |oieag'Da|aynhe è}p|emp ioai|nzfemnhh ovpog`} nm|a}} 0?(0?= kd |ad yfemf

>?(05:'>< kd mag}pepupo} hng` ng`


19/73

egfnlepo` l pfo a Lnba opfgem i|auz'Ln}o` ag ng ngnh}e} a I|a}} \oieagnh @ado}pem Z|a`ump &I\@Z% a|


20/73

iaso|gdogp pa < p|ng}gnpeagnh ma|za|npeag}2 Z EGMA ng` \EA EGA a| ò}eignpo` n|on} ugò| ni|oo` magp|nmp}' Apfo| madzngeo} fnso magmo}}eag |eifp}nm|a}} >= }ulè}p|emp}' Np Komndnpng Lnfaàze( >: madzngeo} fnso zo|dep} a|papnh magmo}}eag n|on a =5(9=3 fompn|o}; Komndnpng Yepnzag`n a| ? madzngeo}a| n papnh a ?6(95> fompn|o}; Komndnpng Lugiku _pn|n a| >: madzngeo} a| n

papnh a 00(:>6 fompn|o}; Komndnpng Dnda}nhnpa a| >? madzngeo} a| n papnh a53(3:< fompn|o}; Komndnpng Lugiku Ln|np a| 5 madzngeo} yepf n |o}o|so n|ona =5((03:fompn|o}; Komndnpng Lugiku oginf a| 5 madzngeo} a| n papnh n|on a ??(303fompn|o}; Komndnpng Lugiku ]ohnpng a| ? madzngeo} a| n papnh n|on a =9(::5fompn|o}; Komndnpng Hodla a| 5 madzngeo} a| n papnh n|on a ?>(= fompn|o};Komndnpng Da|e Npn} a| ? madzngeo} a| n papnh n|on a :3 fompn|o}; Komndnpng Dogue E}hng`} a| = madzngeo} a| n papnh n|on a >?(99= fompn|o}; ng`

Komndnpng Lude \nn a| ago madzng yepf n papnh n|on a @omodlo| :( pfo}fn|o aygo|}fez madza}epeag a Z EGMA e} n} ahhay}2

Dneg ]fn|ofahò| Zo|mogpnioSnho Mngn`n Hedepo` ?6'9=]udedepe Dopnh Degegi Ma'( Hp` 0Snho Bnzng Hedepo` :'??Dep}ue # Ma'(Hp` :'=?]udepada Ma|za|npeag :'>0

Po madza}epeag a Z EGMA }fn|o} aygo` l pfo Lan|` a Madde}}eago|}ng` Lan|` a @e|ompa|} &egmhuò` ugò| zulhem }fn|o aygo|}fez he}po` nlaso% e}z|aseò` eg pfo pnlho lohay2

]fn|ofahò| Gudlo| ac ]fn|o} Zo|mogpnioMefa @' Lngiug


21/73

Eg Buh >536( pfo iaso|gdogp a Eg`ago}en }eigo` n Magp|nmp a Ya|k yepfZ EGMA' Po ni|oodogp yn} ogpo|o` egpa ahhayegi pfo ognmpdogp a Hny Ga'>>!>539 ag Mnzepnh Egso}pdogp' Po ni|oo` `u|npeag a| pfo MaY e} =: on|}yfemf ovze|o} eg >556' Ln}o` ag pfo magp|nmp( Z EGMA e} ogpepho` pa azo|npo eg

6(? Nz|eh


22/73

z|alnlh lo |esog l pfo madzng} ndlepeau} osohazdogp zhng}' Ca| pfo lu}ego}} ya|h` eg iogo|nh( Z EGMA} i|ng` zhng} pa lueh` zhngp} ng` nmehepeo} yepf}ul}pngpenh egso}pdogp snhuo e} egòo` ng ogpemegi ao|' Ag :': kd |ad pfo }fa|ohego e|omph n`bnmogp pa pfo a|do|Ago Zupo Bnn p|ng}dei|npeag n|on pfnp fn} gay òsohazo` egpa n sehhnio eg ep}ayg |eifp nhagi yepf apfo| fudng }opphodogp}( egmhuègi zhngpnpeag}( |emo oh`}

ng` a|o}p n|on}'Po MaY daòh nàzpo` l pfo degegi egù}p| eg Egàgo}en e} n`sngpn

ioau} agh a| p|ng}gnpeagnh degegi ma|za|npeag}' Ca|oeig degegi madzngeo}fnso dnba|ep }fn|o aygo|}fez pfnp e} ughedepo` eg gnpu|o aso| pfoe| lu}ego}}azo|npeag eg Egàgo}en' N} oseògp eg pfo }fn|o aygo|}fez pnlho z|aseò` nlaso(a|oeig ogpepeo} fnso magp|ah aso| 6:/ a Z EGMA }fn|o}' N} n mag}o~uogmo( nhhz|ap} iogo|npo` |ad Z EGMA} degegi azo|npeag} n|o }feo` aup a Egàgo}en' Z EGMA z|ap} n|o osog da|o zfogadognh yepf Egàgo}en} hay dego|nh

pnv |npo}' Ln}o` ag ove}pegi zahem( Z EGMA e} agh alheinpo` pa zn |anhp papfo iaso|gdogp a Egàgo}en np :':>? zo|mogp |ad pfo z|emo a oso| kehai|nda gemkoh( yfeho nggunh degegi hon}o e} np _]$ > zo| fompn|o' Ma|za|npo pnvo} np0?/ nggunhh n|o zne` pa pfo iaso|gdogp a Egàgo}en' Ln}o` ag Z EGMA}Magp|nmp a Ya|k pfnp }fnhh ovze|o eg


23/73

EGMA degegi azo|npeag} fn} ho` pa hamnh òdng`} a| n |on}}o}}dogp a pfoMagp|nmp a Ya|k eg pfo zn}p 0 on|}' ]egmo pfo egp|aùmpeag a pfo hny ag }mnh lnhngmo( pf|oo iaso|ga|} eg ]uhnyo}e &]aupf ]uhnyo}e( Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e ng`]aupfon}p ]uhnyo}e% yfa}o po||epa| e} zn|p a Z EGMA} degegi rago fnsou|io` a| pfo |omag}eò|npeag a pfo madzng} Magp|nmp a Ya|k' Eg |o}zag}o

pa pfe} òdng`( \udoging Du}u( Z EGMA Z|o}eògp ng` MOA( pf|onpogo` pal|egi pfe} dnppo| pa pfo egpo|gnpeagnh p|elugnh }fauh` pfo iaso|gdogp eg}e}p} ag|oosnhunpegi pfo Magp|nmp a Ya|k' ]umf pf|onp} yo|o dnò ù|egi n ènhaiuoyepf dodlo|} a pfo Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e z|asegmenh zn|hendogp &@Z\@% ag >= Col|un|


24/73

]ozpodlo| >( Z EGMA dngnio` pa |oma|` _] $=>5'5 dehheag eg papnh gopz|ap}' Pe} ndaugp e} = zo|mogp hayo| madzn|o` pa pfo }ndo zo|ea` eg : np_] $='9 dehheag ag pfo pfe|` ~un|po| a > &_] $:'::6 zo| }fn|o%' Pe} ògapo} n òmhegegiz|ap p|og` madzn|o` pa pfo }omag` ~un|po| eg > pa pfo ndaugp a _] $>= zo| }fn|o%'

nlho Z|ap} zo| =: ]ozpodlo| >

Ga @o}m|ezpeag ' Gemkoh z|aùmpeag!dop|em pag 39(=


25/73

nlho Z EGMA ]ulmagp|nmpa|}

Ga Gndo ac Madzng Pzo ac Ya|k>' MS' Doinf Bn}n Z|npndn >' \an` mag}p|umpeag np ]oln

]oln lhamk


26/73

o~uezdogp lnmk pa Dnhehe( ]a|aynka' Pe} }eigeo} pfo madzhopo mo}}npeag a ZEGMA azo|npeag}'

Yfog ovepegi |ad Lnfaàze Lhamk( Z EGMA fn` goso| }uldeppo` nga|d a |oza|p a| dnò ng nppodzp pa ega|d pfo iaso|gdogp ng` pfo zulhemag pfo hedepo` gnpu|o a ep} degegi nmpesepeo}' Z EGMA ho lofeg` po}p zep} ov

mnsnpo` eg a|o}p n|on} yfo|o }aeh }ndzho} n|o `|nyg np n òzpf a 56:( Z EGMA }uo|o` |ad n |omo}}eag( hnegia pfau}ng`} a odzhaoo} ng` osog ao|egi on|h |ope|odogp' Np pfo pedo( pfoegpo|gnh pu|daeh yn} agh mogpo|o` np ]a|aynka ng` Dnhehe' ]egmo pfog( degegi

nmpesepeo} eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e yo|o ga hagio| a egpo|o}p pa apfo|} ng` degegiya|k mndo pa n }png`}pehh'

Eg >56:( eg hego yepf pfo soon| gnpeagnh òsohazdogp zhng &\OZOHEN%(degegi }epo} nlngàgo` l Z EGMA yo|o mag}eò|o` e`ho hng`' Po Za}a è}p|emp iaso|gdogp &np pfo pedo }pehh do|io` yepf Da|aynhe è}p|emp% pfog i|ngpo`}oso|nh madzngeo} zo|de}}eag pa ya|k ag pfo}o nlngàgo` }epo}' Z IugugiFudn I|auz e} ago a pfo madzngeo} nhhayo` l pfo iaso|gdogp pa magso|p=:(::: fompn|o} a hng` np _huho|o( Lnfadanfe( Lnfadapoo( ]eudlnpu( Hnhndzu

ng` Lnfnàze egpa zhngpnpeag}' Ngapfo| lu}ego}} ogpo|z|e}o( Z Fng` Mnfnnedlo| paak aso| pfo dngniodogp a a|o}p z|aùmp} eg Z EGMA} a|do| }u|

so }epo} ovpog egi nm|a}} >


27/73

ega|do` a Z EGMA} magmo}}eag n|on dnzzegi z|amo}}' Eg 553' Ag559( np pfo lofo}p a Z EGMA( pfo fon` a Komndnpng Lugikuoginf nh}a e}}uo` n lng yfo|o hamnh sehhnio|} eg Lnfadapoo n|o pa eddoènpohmon}o nhh dnggo| a fau}o mag}p|umpeag ng` hng` èse}eag'

Ceiu|o >2 Z EGMA Magmo}}eag N|on Nmma|ègi pa Magp|nmp a Ya|k

]au|mo2 Ogse|agdogpnh Ln}ohego ]pu` a| Z EGMA Lnfaàze Z|abomp

Po hamnh zoazho fnso nmmu}o` Z EGMA a pnkegi aso| pfoe| hng`( yfeho pfo

madzng lhndo` pfo iaso|gdogp a| y|agih zhnmegi p|ng}dei|ngp} eg pfo magmo}}eag rago' Po òme}eag pa |ohamnpo hamnh maddugepeo} pa apfo| |oieag} yn}n madz|ade}o |onmfo` lopyoog pfo iaso|gdogp ng` Z EGMA' Po sehhnio|}|ou}o` pa daso pa ]nodlnhnynpe( n sehhnio eg Komndnpng Da|e Npn} mag}eò|oùg}uepnlho a| n|degi' Da|oaso|( pfo iaso|gdogp mauh` agh z|aseò


28/73

hnio fn} ovz|o}}o` èo|ogp }op} a òdng` lup pfo fayoso| mahhompesoh eg}e}po` pfnp Z EGMA mon}o azo|npeag} np Lnfaàze Lhamk( dnegh ùo pa pfoahhayegi |on}ag}2

Aso|hnzzegipogu|enh|eifp}ng`hesegiyepfugmo|pnegp

Onmf p|ng}dei|ngp fau}ofah` |ohamnpo` pa pfo |ng}dei|ngp ]opphodogp _gep&gay pfo sehhnio} a Ago Zupo Bnn ng` Hoho( ng` }ado ndeheo} p|ng}o||o` paLnfaàze% e} ogpepho` pa < zn|moh} a hng`2 n sonm|o hng` a| fau}o mag}p|umpeagng` n|`( ng` agofompn|o a ni|emuhpu|nh hng`' Goso|pfoho}}( pfo lng nineg}phng` u}o edza}o` l Z EGMA ng` iaso|gdogp |ohamnpeag zhng} n} pfo }ahupeagpa aso|hnzzegi hng` |eifp} fnso |ogò|o` sehhnio|} a Ago Zupo Bnn zayo|ho}}pa zonmouhh hon` pfoe| ayg heso}' ]egmo pfoe| daso pa pfo sehhnio( pfo }oppho|}yo|o ugnlho pa uhh muhpesnpo pfoe| hng`( ng` goepfo| mauh` pfo o|omp zo|dngogp

fau}o} a| on| a loegi `|esog nyn np ng pedo' Dnknhe( n |o}eògp a Ago ZupoBnn i|eoso` nlaup Z EGMA} z|o}ogmo pfnp fn} gap agh loog goihompuh payn|`} pfo zoazho lup nh}a |allo` pfod a pfoe| hesohefaa`} yfemf pfo fnso hagiòzogò` ag' Bu}p haak np p|ng}dei|ngp} eg apfo| |oieag} eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e'Nhh a pfod n|o gay }ummo}}uh' Po ayg |emo oh`}( n|dhng`} ng` fau}o}( ng`pfoe| mfeh`|og mng ia pa }mfaah' Zoazho heko u} fo|o heso yepf ugmo|pnegp' Po|oe} ga mo|pnegp eg heo' Bu}p edniego ag fay yo fnso heso` yepf ugmo|pnegp a| }adng on|}( }ne` Dnknhe'

Ceiu|o 559( agh n fngùh a ep} |o}eògp} n|o eg za}}o}}eag a pepho òo`}' No|


29/73

èo|ogp ò}zo|npo don}u|o} yo|o pnkog eg z|apo}p a pfo }epunpeag( egmhuègidn}} nmpeag}( agh 3>< mo|pemnpo} yo|o gnhh e}}uo` l pfo LZG &Gnpeagnh Hng`Niogm% amo eg Da|aynhe aup a pfo ovzompo` >0>< òo`} a| ?:= fau}ofah`}'Fayoso|( fnsegi pfo hng` mo|pemnpo} eg pfoe| za}}o}}eag }pehh neho` pa nlnpo zulhem aupm| nineg}p Z EGMA} òdng`} a| pfoe| |ohamnpeag( nii|nsnpo` l pfo

madzng} nehu|o pa }oppho madzog}npeag a| ni|emuhpu|nh hng` pfnp }oppho|} yo|ogap nhhayo` pa muhpesnpo a| dng on|}'

Pe} aso|hnz eg hng` u}o e} gap agh oseògp eg p|ng}dei|ngp }opphodogp}( lupnh}a eg gon|h oso| sehhnio eg Komndnpng Lugiku oginf ng` Komndnpng Lnfaàze yfo|o Z EGMA fn` }pnko` aup hng` yepfaup pfo zoazho} kgayhoìo' NpKomndnpng Lugiku oginf a| ovndzho( Z EGMA fn} dn|ko` pfoe| po||epa|enhmhned aso| pfo sehhnio} a _huho|o &zhngpnpeag} ng` zoazho} n|`}% ng` Lnfadapoo &|emo oh`}( mamagup zhngpnpeag}%( pfu} nh}a honègi pa ng aso|hnz eg hng`

u}o' Pe} e} nh}a pfo }epunpeag a| Komndnpng Lnfaàze yfo|o Z EGMA} po||epa|enh dn|ko|} n|o aug` np pfo sehhnio} a Hoho &|emo oh`}%( ]eudlnpu ng` Hnhndzu &mamagup zhngpnpeag}%( yfeho np pfo sehhnio} a Lnfaàze( Lnfadnkdu| ng`Hnhndzu pfo madzng fn} osog zhnmo` laug`n| dn|ko|} eg }oso|nh fndhop}'

Po sehhnio|} a Lnfadapoo( Lnfadanfe ng` Ago Zupo Bnn }p|agih |onmpo`pa pfo }epunpeag l dnkegi n baegp òmhn|npeag kgayg n} pfo Ago Zupo Bnn @omhn|npeag eg ahhayegi pfo HDG@!HD@ doopegi ng` egpo|sehhnio ènhaiuomagsogo` ag 3 Dn ' Po òmhn|npeag yn} eg z|apo}p nineg}p nhh a|d} a

Z EGMA nmpesepeo} ng` |obompeag a zhng} pa |ohamnpo Ago Zupo Bnn |o}eògp}'Ep nh}a }fay} pfo |d }uzza|p a Lnfadapoo ng` Lnfadanfe |o}eògp} payn|`pfo zoazho a Ago Zupo Bnn eg mhnedegi pfoe| |eifp} pa pepho oo`}( odngègi ZEGMA pa |odaso nhh laug`n| dn|ko|} ng` agmo nineg n}}o|pegi pfnp Ago ZupoBnn e} zn|p a mu}padn| hng` ò}eignpo` l pfo Dege}p| a |ng}dei|npeag a|u}o l pfo p|ng}dei|ngp maddugep' Po zoazho eg}e}po` pfnp Z EGMA |odasopfoe| hng` dn|ko|} n} }egmo >565 pfo|o fn} goso| loog n a|dnh hng` nm~ue}epeagz|amo}} lopyoog pfo zoazho ng` Z EGMA'

Np pfo pedo pfe} |o}on|mf yn} magùmpo`( è}zupo} aso| hng` u}o gap agh ammu||o` lopyoog Z EGMA ng` pfo hamnh zoazho( lup nh}a lopyoog Z EGMA ngàpfo| madzngeo} pfnp mndo eg hnpo| pa pfo }mogo zn|pemuhn|h n|aug` LnfaàzeLhamk( }umf n} ]uhnyo}e \o}au|mo ng` Legpngi @ohnzng Dego|nh' Ogp| a pfo}ohnppo| madzngeo} egpa Z EGMA} magmo}}eag n|on yn} àgo uzag kgayhoìo|ad pfo hamnh iaso|gdogp ng` hamnh zoazho yfa i|ngpo` pfoe| zo|de}}eag no|pfo}o madzngeo} uh zne` madzog}npeag'

Hng`Madzog}npeag2NgNzz|az|enpeagPnmpem

Po aso|hnzzegi u}o a hng` pfnp |o}uhpo` eg pfo egnlehep pa muhpesnpo ni|emuhpu|nh hng`( egmhuègi |emo oh`}( e} u|pfo| ovnmo|lnpo` l pfo madzng} nehu|o


30/73

pa nyn|` madzog}npeag pa pfo hamnh zoazho' Hamnh sehhnio|} òdngò` a| pf|oopzo} a madzog}npeag2 mn}f madzog}npeag aso| pfo ni|oo` Z EGMA} magmo}}eag n|on np pfo |ozhnmodogp snhuo a \z >?: dehheag!fn; m|az madzog}npeag( ng`madzog}npeag a hng` }epunpo` yepfeg madzng magmo}}eag n|on} pfnp mauh` gaplo muhpesnpo` a| àrog} a on|}'

Z EGMA} ovmnsnpeag a po}p zep} eg maddugnh n|dhng` np Lnfadapoo fn``ndnio` p|oo m|az}( }umf n} mn}foy gup} ng` dngia( honègi pa òdng`} a|ùo madzog}npeag' Cahhayegi z|apo}p} ng` z|o}}u|o} |ad pfo zoazho( pfo madzng ni|oo` pa zn |ozhnmodogp ma}p np \z


31/73

|odneg ngagdau} }ne`( Yo n|o pfo hngàygo|} ng` }a fnso pfo |eifp pa iesozo|de}}eag pa ngago yfa ye}f pa u}o au| hng` z|aseègi pfo zn madzog}npeag' Z EGMA fn} dnò au| hng` e`ho ng` ugz|aùmpeso( }a e ]uhnyo}e \o}au|mo egpog`} pa }pn|p z|aùmpeag yf }fauh`gp yo hop pfod1

_gmo|pnegZ|aùmpeagPo dneg |on}ag mepo` l da}p sehhnio|} a| pfoe| egepenh yehhegigo}} pa nm

mozp Z EGMA} z|o}ogmo yn} pfo fazo pfnp madzng azo|npeag} yauh` azoguz odzhadogp azza|pugepeo} yepf pfo zhnggo` o}pnlhe}fdogp a n z|aùmpeagzhngp eg Lnfaàze Lhamk( ng` a|o}ooegi n da|o mada|pnlho heo yepf z|ade}o}a z|aseègi nò~unpo nmehepeo} a| pfo sehhnio' Yfog gapfegi dnpo|enhero` npLnfaàze Lhamk( goepfo| degegi azo|npeag} ga| zhngp mag}p|umpeag( gap agh yn}ep mag}eò|o` n} n goihompuh nmp a| nlngàgegi hng` pfnp }fauh` fnso loog zup

pa z|aùmpeso u}o l pfo hamnh zoazho( lup nh}a om|eo` n} |upfho}}h omozpeso a|dnkegi nh}o z|ade}o}' Pe} nh}a madzohho` pfo zoazho pa fng` aso| pfoe| hngà| u}o &yepf madzog}npeag% l apfo| lu}ego}} ogpo|z|e}o} seoyo` pa lo da|o|uepuh a| pfod n} lu}ego}} azo|npeag} maddogmo`'

Ceiu|o 02 Z|apo}p lnggo| zup uz l hamnh |o}eògp} nineg}p Z EGMA} lu}ego}} ugmo|pnegpeo} &mau|po}2 zo|}agnh%

Nhh pf|oo |on}ag} dogpeago` nlaso odo|io` magmadepngph yepf òsn}pnpegiogse|agdogpnh edznmp} lo}oppegi gon|l maddugepeo} yfo|o ovzha|npa| zep}yo|o ho ovza}o` yepfaup ng |omhndnpeag oa|p' Mnsepeo} pfo }ero a da|o pfng

>:: md v >9: md np =:?: dopo|} òoz n|o }mnppo|o` nm|a}} Komndnpng Lnfaàze' Po|o yo|o on|} pfnp pfo inzegi faho} yauh` |o}uhp eg npnhepeo} a| nmmeògp}n} ovzo|eogmo` l |o}eògp} a Ing`ning`n eg Komndnpng Zopn}en' Eg n`èpeag(


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nehu|o pa z|aseò ya|k a| pfo hamnh zoazho np Z EGMA fn` nh}a egmepo` è}}npe}nmpeag payn|`} pfo madzng} z|o}ogmo' Gap pa dogpeag pfo ammu||ogmo a|o~uogp aaègi} np Komndnpng Lnfaàze }poddegi |ad degegi ovzha|npeag}pfnp òguò` a|o}p hng`}'

@u|egi pfo }omag` ovpog}eag zo|ea` a Z EGMA} Magp|nmp a Ya|k eg >553(

zulhem z|apo}p} nineg}p Z EGMA fnso np hon}p ammu||o` eg pf|oo ko zfn}o}2

@odng`ca|Hng Aygo|}fez

@odng`} a| pfo |eifp pa hng` aygo|}fez eg pfo a|d a mo|pemnpo} a| a|do|p|ng}dei|ngp} yo|o pfo |}p |aug` a zulhem z|apo}p np Lnfaàze Lhamk daugpo`nineg}p Z EGMA' Baego` ugò| Nheng}e \nknp Dogiiuinp &Nhhengmo a| Zoazho} @odng`}%( hamnh |o}eògp} òdngò` pfnp LZG &Gnpeagnh Hng` Niogm%eddoènpoh fng` aso| hng` mo|pemnpo} pa pfo zoazho a Ago Zupo Bnn' Pe} yn}

zn|pemuhn|h z|o}}egi n} pfo Iaso|ga| a Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e fn` on|heo| eg}p|umpo`LZG pa nla|p zhng} pa e}}uo hng` mo|pemnpo} pa pfo zoazho a Ago Zupo Bnn eg' Eg |o}zag}o pa pfe}( ag =: Nz|eh da|o pfng >:: sehhnio|} nzzon|o` nppfo iulo|gnpa|enh amo pa }pnpo pfoe| òdng`} a| hng` mo|pemnpo} ng` |obomploegi |ohamnpo` pa ]nodlnhnynpe Da|e Npn}( n iaso|gdogp zahem egpogò` pa|o}ahso pogu|enh è}zupo}' No| nehegi pa doop pfo iaso|ga|( pfo i|auz pu|goùz np pfo z|asegmenh @\Z@ &Hamnh Fau}o a \oz|o}ogpnpeso}% ng` foh` n }epeg paifp a| pfoe| |eifp}'

Po hagi ng` n|ùau} }p|uiiho pa mhned hng` aygo|}fez yn} agh |o}zagò`pa l pfo hamnh iaso|gdogp eg


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}pon` amu}o` ag maddugep òsohazdogp n} n }p|npoi pa nzzon}o daugpegizulhem ngpniage}d nineg}p Z EGMA' Po madzng ag pfo apfo| fng` òmeò` panàzp pfo ogmhnso dopfa` pa }ahso pogu|enh è}zupo}' Z EGMA} ogmhnso dopfa`nhhay} p|ng}dei|ngp} pa |odneg eg pfoe| }opphodogp} pfnp aso|hnz yepf pfo madzng} magmo}}eag n|on( lup du}p lo z|ozn|o` pa pfo |ohamnpo` agmo Z EGMA

òmeò} pa u}o pfo hng` a| degegi azo|npeag} '

@odng`ca|\o$osnhunpeagacZPEGMA}Z|o}ogmo

Cnehu|o pa z|aseò n senlho yn aup a| pfo }oppho|} fn} u|pfo| nii|nsnpo`pfo }epunpeag yepf Z EGMA' a dnko dnppo|} ya|}o( pfo z|asegmenh ng` è}p|empiaso|gdogp fnso gap zne` }o|eau} nppogpeag pa pfo z|alhod' Np pfe} bugmpu|o(hamnh |o}eògp} u|pfo| mag}ahe`npo` pa egpog}e e}mu}}eag}( egmhuègi yepf z|a

segmenh ng` è}p|emp dodlo|} a zn|hendogp ag pfoe| npo ng` fay ep e} nompo` l

Z EGMA} z|o}ogmo' @e}mu}}eag} pfe} pedo è` gap agh paumf ag pogu|enh |eifp}lup nh}a ag Z EGMA} z|o}ogmo pfnp fn} gap l|auifp ng logop pa pfo iaso|gdogp ng` pfo maddugep' Meperog} |ad >9 sehhnio} hamnpo` yepfeg pfo Lnfaàzedegegi rago dop ag 3 @omodlo|


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egi Z EGMA} magp|nmp ovpog}eag( |o}e}pngmo aso| Z EGMA} z|o}ogmo np Lnfaàze Lhamk u|pfo| egpog}eo`' \o}e}pngmo egepenhh yn} gap aupyn|`h }fayg n} epyn} nmmadzngeo` yepf òdng`} a| Z EGMA} eddoènpo azo|npeag} ng` zhngpmag}p|umpeag np Lnfaàze Lhamk' @odng`} a| pfo }pn|p a madzng azo|npeag}egpog}eo` eg > sehhnio|} }epunpo` yepfeg pfo Lnfaàze Lhamk' @u|egi pfodoopegi ep yn} ni|oo` pfnp Z EGMA }fauh` faga| ep} magp|nmp maddepdogp}ng` z|amoo` yepf pfo zhnggo` mag}p|umpeag a n zhngp ng` |an` gopya|k maggompegi Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e ng` ]aupf ]uhnyo}e ga hnpo| pfng Nz|eh :' ]fauh`Z EGMA |ogoio` ag pfo a|oiaegi ni|oodogp( ep du}p eg}pngph |ohon}o nhh|eifp} pa pfo magmo}}eag n|on eg Lnfaàze Lhamk pfnp }zng} nm|a}} =3(::: fn' Pomadzng du}p nh}a zn madzog}npeag pa hamnh maddugepeo} a| ha}}o} egmu||o`pf|auifaup pfo pedo Z EGMA yn} gap eg azo|npeag}' Ep yn} nh}a ni|oo` pfnp pfomadzng yauh` è}p|elupo maddugep òsohazdogp ug`} pa >> nompo` sehhnio}np pfo Lnfaàze Lhamk ga hnpo| pfng < Bugo :( |o}eògp} |ad >> sehhnio} dnò pfoe| yn pa ZEGMA} oh` amo np Hoho sehhnio' Po mha}o` uz pfo amo( yepffoh` oh` o~uezdogp ng` osempo` odzhaoo} }pehh eg}eò pfo luehègi' Po zoazho} sofodogp z|apo}p ng` è}}npe}nmpeag payn|`} Z EGMA yn} gap }o|eau}h ònhp yepf( ng` pfe}u|pfo| o}po|o` oohegi} a è}p|u}p ndagi hamnh meperog}'


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Ceiu|o ?2 Mha}u|o a Z EGMA oh` amo np Hoho sehhnio &mau|po}2 UD%

Cahhayegi pfo òheso| a n hoppo| pa Z EGMA òdngègi pfnp pfo madzngyepf`|ny nhh madzng n}}op}( eg Dn|mf > pfo zoazho a Lnfadapoo( @ndznhn( Hoho( Lnfadanfe ng` _huho|o paak dnppo|} egpa pfoe| ayg fng`} ng` |omhnedo` zn|p a pfo hng` n|on eg Da|aynhe magp|ahho` l pfo madzng' Ag pfe}

zn|pemuhn| }ompeag a hng`( }oso|nh madzng n}}op} }pehh |odnego` |ad ep} ovzha|npeag nmpesepeo}( egmhuègi degegi mndz}' Po hamnh zoazho paak aso| hng` n|onhamnpo` np kehadopo| gego a Lnfaàze Lhamk l pehhegi ng` zhngpegi nggunh m|az}}umf n} iunsn' Po a|ingero` pfod}ohso} egpa >= i|auz} onmf madz|e}egi a =:zoazho( yfo|o onmf dodlo| e} ogpepho` pa pya fompn|o} a hng`'


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Ceiu|o 32 Z|apo}p lnggo| eg |obompeag a Z EGMA fugi aup np pfo ogp|ngmo pa Hoho sehhnio &mau|po}2 zo|}agnh%

Hamnh nupfa|epeo} hekoye}o pf|onpogo` pa lamapp ng` `|eso Z EGMA aup aDa|aynhe' Ag n èo|ogp pago( pfo z|asegmenh ng` è}p|emp iaso|gdogp nh}a n}

}o|po` pfnp pfo yehh a|mo Z EGMA aup a Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e' Znheu`bu( pfo Iaso|ga| a Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e e}}uo` ng uhpednpud pa pfo madzng pa eddoènpohmaddogmo azo|npeag} ga hnpo| pfng > Dn|mf >' E l Dn|mf >}p pfo|o e} }pehhga }eig a nmpesep( pfo iaso|gdogp yehh gap pnko |o}zag}elehep a| ng zulhem|onmpeag payn|`} pfo gemkoh degegi madzng( }p|o}}o` Znheu`bu' Po uhpednpudyn} gomo}}n| n} Z EGMA} l|akog z|ade}o} fn` l|auifp nlaup }ul}pngpenhha}}o} pa Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e' Pe} e} hn|ioh |ohnpo` pa iaso|gdogp} egnlehep paz|amoo` yepf zhng} pa azog uz egso}pdogp azza|pugepeo} eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e lo

mnu}o Z EGMA fn` mhnedo` aygo|}fez |eifp} aso| zapogpenh degegi hamnpeag}'N} n mag}o~uogmo( pfo hamnh iaso|gdogp e} òz|eso` a dumf gooò` egmado'Ca| Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp( z|edn|eh ahhayegi ep} }ozn|npeag |ad Za}aè}p|emp( hamnhhiogo|npo` |osoguo e} da}ph ò|eso` |ad egso}pdogp|ohnpo`pnvo} ng` z|ap}fn|egi }mfodo}'

Mfno|uèg( a|do| ]om|opn| a Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp eg fn Lnfaàze Lhamk ng` pfo 0(?>( pfo Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e Iaso|ga| u|pfo| magòdgo` Z

EGMA} hnmk a |o}zag}o l }ogègi n hoppo| pa Bo|a Ynmek( Dege}po| a Ogo|ing` Dego|nh \o}au|mo}( pa `|eso aup Z EGMA |ad Da|aynhe' Po |on}ag a|pfe} aup|eifp ògugmenpeag e} lomnu}o osog ugpeh pfo og` a pfe} on| pfo a|oeigdegegi ma|za|npeag fn} }pehh neho` pa maddogmo ovzha|npeag ya|k np pfo magmo}}eag n|on' Eg ng DZ=OE &Egàgo}en Dn}po| Zhng a| Omagadem Nmmoho|npeagng` @osohazdogp% doopegi yepf pfo Dege}po| a Dn|ego Nne|}( ]fn|e Memez]upn|`ba eg Bnkn|pn( Iaso|ga| Hagike egpo|bompo` yfog pfo dege}po| ega|doàg Z EGMA ng` ]ega}pooh} zhng} pa o|omp }fohpo|} np Da|aynhe' ]zonkegi loa|o

pfo dege}po|( Hagike @bngiiahn n}}o|po` pfnp goepfo| Z EGMA ga| ]ega}pooh fnòso| pnkog ng nmpeag( egmhuègi pfo }uzza}o` mag}p|umpeag a }fohpo|} &Do|mu}un|( %'


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]edehn| è}zhon}u|o yn} nh}a }fayg l pfo Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp'Ngyn| Fn`( Da|aynhe è}p|emp fon` gap agh pf|onpogo` Z EGMA pfnp pfoiaso|gdogp yauh` l|egi pfo dnppo| pa mau|p( lup nh}a pfnp ep yauh` dalehero nzulhem z|apo}p pf|auif sehhnio fon`} ng` hamnh n|do|} a|ingernpeag}'

Eg |o}zag}o pa pfo uhpednpud e}}uo` l pfo Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp(

Fndèg( pfo è|ompa| a UD( ng a|ingernpeag pfnp nmehepnpo} hamnh maddugepeo} |o}eègi eg Lnfaàze Lhamk( mag}eò|o` pfo uhpednpud pa lo ehhpedo`' Poiaso|gdogp }fauh` fnso |}p magùmpo` n |ogoiapenpeag pfnp òdng`} a| pfoegmhu}eag a gon|l maddugepeo} a| hamnh iaso|gdogp} n} }fn|ofahò|}' Zulhema| iaso|gdogp zn|pemeznpeag n} }fn|ofahò|} yehh i|onph òpo|dego pfo z|aùmpeag}fn|egi }mfodo a| degegi nmpesepeo}' Apfo|ye}o( nhh z|amoo`} |ad degegiz|abomp} yehh lo l|auifp aup a pfo maugp|' Po ndaugp a pnv zndogp}( |anhpng` maddugep òsohazdogp ug`} |omoeso` l |oieag} ag pfo apfo| fng` e} gap

z|aza|peagnh pa pfo |e}k} egsahso` yepf |oin|` pa omahaiemnh ò}p|umpeag ng` nya|}ogegi zaso|p }epunpeag'

Ngèkn( \o}on|mf ng` Mndzneig Dngnio| a| Bnpnd &Bn|eging N`sakn}endlngi a| Degegi N`samnm Gopya|k% a Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e }oo} pfo ovzuh}eagpf|onp }edzh n} n n|mo ep e} lomnu}o pfo zayo| pa edza}o }umf nmpeag heo} aghyepf pfo mogp|nh iaso|gdogp( ng` gap pfo hamnh iaso|gdogp' Fo n`ò` fayoso|pfnp ng nppodzp pa a|mo pfo madzng aup mauh` egòo` dnpo|enhero ùo pa pfohekoh ogp|ngmo a apfo| madzngeo}' Eg apfo| ya|`}( goy ogp|ngp} yauh` mnze

pnhero ag Z EGMA} zo|ehau} za}epeag pa u|io pfo z|asegmenh ng` è}p|emp iaso|gdogp pa ovzoh pfo degegi madzng' Ng egso}peinpeag magùmpo` l }oso|nhngpedegegi nmpese}p} ndagi apfo|} |osonho` pfnp pfo Da|aynhe è}p|emp fon` e}lnmko` l n i|auz a Mfego}o ma|za|npeag}( ago a yfemf e} Z ZNG Mfegn'Goy} hnpo| me|muhnpo` pfnp Z EGMA fn} zhng} pa fng` aso| pfo o||agemkoh zhngpmag}p|umpeag z|abomp pa Z ZNG Mfegn'

Po ynso a z|apo}p} ng` nmpeag} daugpo` l hamnh maddugepeo} n|aug`Lnfaàze Lhamk( egmhuègi l pfo è}p|emp ng` z|asegmenh iaso|gdogp }ood} pafnso nhhog ag Z EGMA} òn on|}' Pe} e} oseògp eg ep} nggunh |oza|p pfnpdogpeago` ag Z EGMA} egpogpeag pa haak egpa |o}f azza|pugepeo} pfnp egmhuòzhng} pa nzzh a| lu}ego}} hemog}o eg madzhengmo yepf pfo z|amoù|o hne` àygeg Hny Ga' 0 ag Dego|nh} ng` Manh' @o}zepo fnsegi }ummooò` eg |ogoyegi ep}Magp|nmp a Ya|k ag >553( Z EGMA ugò|}png`} pfnp pfo goy hny yehh nhhaya| i|onpo| ma|za|npo hooyn( fogmo bu}peegi madzng òme}eag pa }fohso zhngpmag}p|umpeag zhng} ng` eiga|o pfo òdng`} dnò l pfo è}p|emp iaso|gdogpng` pfo zoazho a Da|aynhe &}oo( Z EGMA nggunh |oza|p :%' Pe} pu|g aosogp} fn} loog z|oèmpo` l dng al}o|so|} yfa magpogò` pfnp pfo Dego|nh}ng` Manh Hny yehh eg}pon` |o}pa|o degegi dagazah lomnu}o hoinh z|ase}eag}}pezuhnpo pfnp degegi z|aùmpeag nmpesepeo} }fauh` lo }uzza|po` l àyg}p|ond


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azo|npeagnh nmehepeo}( egmhuègi o||agemkoh zhngp}' Iesog pfo }ul}pngpenh ndaugpa mnzepnh egbompeag |o~ue|o` a| zhngp mag}p|umpeag ep yauh` lo edza}}elho a| hamnh madzngeo} pa ugò|pnko }umf z|abomp}' Po egp|aùmpeag a pfo Dego|nh} ng`Manh Hny eg}pon` |o}uhpo` eg pfo he~ue`npeag a lu}ego}} ogpo|z|e}o} yepf }dnhhmnzepnh( zu}fegi pfod aup a pfo degegi egù}p|} madzopepeso n|ogn'

Z EGMA yn} uhh nyn|o pfnp pfo z|asegmenh ng` è}p|emp iaso|gdogp yn}}edzh mnznlho a dnkegi odzp pf|onp}' Kgayegi pfe}( sofodogp z|apo}p} |adpfo zoazho pfo|oa|o è` gap z|adzp Z EGMA pa dnko iaa` ag ep} z|aùmpeag maddepdogp}( lup pfo madzng eg}pon` fu|ho` lnmk n |opnhenpa| pf|onp(n}}o|pegi pfnp ep yauh` yepf`|ny |ad ]uhnyo}e ng` l|egi pfo Da|aynhe è}p|empiaso|gdogp pa pfo egpo|gnpeagnh mau|p a n|lep|npeag' Ago a Z EGMA} madde}}eago|}( Z|a' N'N Nde|uèg( pf|onpogo` pa honso Znhu lomnu}o fo loheoso`pfnp pfo òza}ep} fnso heppho z|a}zompeso snhuo'

Z EGMA nh}a |o}zagò` l fngègi aso| pfo o||agemkoh zhngp mag}p|umpeagz|abomp pa Z ZNG Mfegn' N zuhhaup }p|npoi pfnp agh }ook} pa nso|p e|omp mag|agpnpeag yepf pfo zoazho( dnkegi on|} a zulhem z|apo}p ng uppo|h upeho oa|p'Z EGMA} ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep niog`n pf|auif ep} maddugep òsohazdogp z|ai|nd} e} ngapfo| dngezuhnpeso pnmpem pa |ogò| pfo zoazho zayo|ho}}'

o' Maddugep @osohazdogp2 ZP EGMA} @oma

N} n p|ng}gnpeagnh ma|za|npeag &GM%( Z EGMA e} zn|p a pfo ihalnh ma|za

|npo maddugep mnpoia|ero` ugò| a|oeig e|omp egso}pdogp &C@E%' a dnko |onhep} ma|za|npo se}eag a lomadegi pfo honègi gnpu|nh |o}au|mo madzng ya|h`yeò( Z EGMA ovz|o}}h dogpeag} maazo|npeag yepf hamnh maddugepeo} n} agoa pfo ko} pa }ummo}}' Yepf pfe} eg deg`( maddugep odzayo|dogp z|ai|nd}lomado ng edza|pngp }p|npoi eg l|egiegi pfo madzng mha}o| pa pfo zoazho ng`}p|ogipfogegi ep} za}epeag( n} ogse}nio` l Z EGMA '

Eg ep} amenh yol}epo( Z EGMA ega|d} pfnp yepf |oin|` pa pfoe| maddugep òsohazdogp z|ai|nd( pfo madzng ogse}eag} i|ayegi paiopfo| yepf hamnhmaddugepeo} ng` luehègi }oh|ohengmo eg a|ò| pa }uzza|p ma|za|npo azo|npeag}pf|auif pfo upehernpeag a hamnh |o}au|mo}' Ep} ma|za|npo de}}eag a| maddugep òsohazdogp ag pfo apfo| fng` }ook} pa nmehepnpo }amenh p|ng}a|dnpeag} la}po|egi dupunhh logomenh( |omez|amnh |ohnpeag}fez} pf|auif pomfgemnh n}}e}pngmo( ega|dnpeag ovmfngio ng` zulhem è}mu}}eag} ag mnznmep luehègi( ng`pfo }u}pnegnlho nzzhemnpeag a |o}on|mf aupmado}' Po madzng} maddugepòsohazdogp z|ai|nd} n|o amu}o` ag fonhpf( oùmnpeag( meperog}fez( n|p} ng`muhpu|o ng` }za|p}' Po}o z|ai|nd} n|o egpogò` pa edz|aso hesegi }png`n|`}ng` pfo yohhloegi a hamnh maddugepeo}( ndagi apfo|} l luehègi }u}pnegnlhoomagadem aug`npeag} pa og}u|o }daapf p|ng}epeag ahhayegi pfo madzhopeag aZ EGMA} degegi nmpesepeo}'


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Maddugep òsohazdogp &fo|oegno| |oo||o` pa n} M@% z|ai|nd} n|o egp|aùmo` pa maddugepeo} hesegi eg z|avedep pa degegi hamnpeag}' M@ ug`} fayoso| yo|o agh mfnggoho` pa hamnh meperog} yfog madzng z|o}ogmo np Da|aynheyn} loegi }o|eau}h ~uo}peago` honègi pa òdng`} a| n |on}}o}}dogp a ep}degegi azo|npeag}' Loa|o ug`} yo|o è}lu|}o`( Z EGMA nggaugmo` ag pfo

he}p a sehhnio} yepfeg pfo degegi rago oheielho pa lo egmhuò` n} M@ |omezeogp}'Po}o sehhnio} ugò| pfo znp|agnio a Z EGMA n|o Hoho( @ndznhn( Hnhndzu(]edlnpu( Kou|on( Lnfadapoo( Lnfadanfe( Kahaga( _huho|o( Io|o}n( Kou|onng` Ago Zupo Bnn' Po|o n|o nmpunhh >9 sehhnio} yepfeg Z EGMA} magmo}}eagn|on( lup nmma|ègi pa hamnh meperog} agh >= |omoeso` ma|za|npo n}}e}pngmo' Po

sehhnio} a Fn|auo( Gndla ng` Hnfunu n|o ovzompo` pa lo egmhuò` eg pfo he}pa M@ |omezeogp} a| pfo govp |aug` a n}}e}pngmo( nhloep yepfaup n mo|pneg maddogmodogp `npo'

C|ad ega|dnpeag z|aseò` l Uu} Dngiug yfa yn} egpo|seoyo` l NgèDeryn| |ad UD &Unn}ng ngnf Do|òkn( ngnf Do|òkn Caug`npeag% aZnhu ( Z EGMA} M@ ug`} n|o àho` aup eg }oso|nh eg}pnhhdogp}' Eg !9'? lehheag'

L on|h >( Z EGMA} M@ ug`} mfnggoho` pf|auif pfo hamnh iaso|gdogp yo|o è}lu|}o` eg < }pnio}2 eg


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$ Pog`o|Z|amo}}acM@Cug`}

Eg


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hem( lup n`so|}oh nompo` pfo maddugep n} ep egmepo} fa}pehepeo} ndagi sehhnio|o}eògp}'

Np Ago Zupo Bnn a| ovndzho( pfo pf|oo lni} a o|pehero| è}p|elupo` pa onmffau}ofah` n|o a ego|ea| ~unhep' Cn|do|} n|o a|mo` pa è}mn|` pfo o|pehero|']oso|nh n|do|} fayoso| fnso ga apfo| azpeag lup pa u}o pfo o|pehero| ng` osog

punhh }uo| |ad fn|so}p nehu|o lomnu}o m|az} yo|o gap lon|egi |uep' @eo}ohzayo|o` iogo|npa|} nhhamnpo` pa onmf sehhnio yo|o egnò~unpoh }uzzheo`' Po}ndo iogo|npa| mnznmep ng` daòh e} z|aseò` pa nhh sehhnio}( |oin|`ho}} a pfozazuhnpeag }ero( ng` meperog} du}p lon| pfo azo|npegi ma}p' Np pfo sehhnio a Lnfadanfe a| ovndzho( hamnh egfnlepngp} du}p zn \z


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Cug` `e}lu|}odogp pf|auif pfo pog`o| z|amo}} nh}a pog`} pa lo ugge}fo`lu}ego}}( honsegi lofeg` n fa}p a z|alhod}' Ng ovndzho e} pfo mag}p|umpeag a nmaddugep fonhpf mogpo| np Lnfadapoo sehhnio a| \z


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$ Sehhnio2@e|omp@e}p|elupeag

Zulhem z|apo}p nineg}p Z EGMA} M@ ug` è}p|elupeag domfnge}d fn`z|adzpo` mfngio} pa pfo }}pod a| pfo }omag` è}lu|}odogp }pnio' Eg ?: dehheag'Onmf sehhnio pfog e}}uo` pfoe| ayg }op a zahemeo} |oin|ègi M@ ug`}' Ln

fadanfe a| ovndzho z|oo|} pa è}p|elupo mn}f pa }ado >


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payn|`} edz|asegi pfoe| yohn|o' N} ahhayuz pa pfo se}ep( nùhnka _geso|}epugò| ep} KKG &maddugep }o|semo% z|ai|nd pfog òsohazo` pfo Za}`nn magmozp eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e' nùhnka _geso|}ep} so|}eag a Za}`nn maso|} 3 ma|oz|ai|nd}2 oùmnpeag( fonhpf( ogp|oz|ogou|}fez( pfo ogse|agdogp( }ameamuhpu|ong` |oheieag( ng` nzzheo` pomfgahai' Po pya hnppo| z|ai|nd} yo|o n`èpeagnh

niog`n} egp|aùmo` l nùhnka _geso|}ep'Po nàzpeag a pfo Za}`nn magmozp a| pfo è}p|elupeag a Z EGMA} M@

ug`} yn} egepenpo` yfog ma|za|npo ovomupeso} |ad Z EGMA magpnmpo` ng`zo|}agnhh dop yepf Fn}}ng Dufnddn`' Nmma|ègi pa Fn}}ng Dufnddn`(ù|egi pfo doopegi( Z EGMA i|eoso` pfnp M@ ug`} i|ngpo` pa hamnh maddugepeo} eg Lnfaàze Lhamk fn` neho` pa iogo|npo pfo ovzompo` aupmado a| ò}e|o` edznmp' Z EGMA fn` ovzompo` }umf ug`} pa z|aùmo za}epeso( pngielhoedznmp}' Fn}}ng Dufnddn` pfog z|aza}o` a| pfo nàzpeag a Za}`nn a| n

da|o zn|pemeznpa| ng` oompeso domfnge}d a| M@ ug` è}p|elupeag' E pah`pfod &Z EGMA% pfnp n z|ai|nd yehh neh |}ph lomnu}o ep e} dngnio` l zn|peo} apfo| pfng pfo z|ai|nd pn|iop nuèogmo( yfeho maddugepeo} np pfo z|ai|ndhamnpeag n|o do|oh edzhodogpo|} ng` logomen|eo}' Ng` yfog ovpo|gnh zn|peo}n|o egsahso`( pfo yehh }u|oh hnpo| honso pfo sehhnio' E au &Z EGMA% ye}f( aumng nàzp pfo Za}`nn magmozp pfnp loieg} yepf p|negegi ag zn|pemeznpa| zhnggegi( |omaugpo` Fn}}ng Dufndn`' Z EGMA osogpunhh nmmozpo` pfo magmozpng` yn} yehhegi pa edzhodogp ep eg sehhnio} }epunpo` yepfeg pfo Lnfaàze degegi

lhamk' Po madzng fn` on|heo| nggaugmo` pfnp pfo è}p|elupeag a M@ ug`}yehh gap nomp nggunh |aupego ug`} ya|pf \z


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Ceiu|o 5 2 Po gndo nùhnka _geso|}ep \o}on|mf Eg}pepupo e} è}zhno` np Za}`nn ]om|opn|enp

Nmma|ègi pa pfo sehhnio iaso|gdogp( pfo yo|o gap ega|do` a mfngio}dnò pa pfo M@ ug` è}p|elupeag domfnge}d' HODHE_GN@ fn` agh |o~uo}po` pfo sehhnio iaso|gdogp pa n}}eig = |oz|o}ogpnpeso} pa zn|pemeznpo eg nnmehepnpa| p|negegi z|ai|nd eg yfemf ega|dnpeag yehh lo z|aseò` ag Za}`nn'Yepfaup kgayhoìo a p|negegi òpneh}( pfo sehhnio iaso|gdogp ni|oo` pa }og`

ep} |oz|o}ogpnpeso}' Ago Zupo Bnn ng` Lnfadapoo fayoso| |obompo` pfo ao|pa zn|pemeznpo eg pfo osogp uzag hon|gegi pfnp pfo p|negegi z|ai|nd yn} n}}amenpo` yepf Z EGMA' HODHE_GN@ |o}zagò` pa pfo |obompeag l zo|}agnhhnzz|anmfegi ]ugu}e( n honègi maddugep iu|o eg Lnfadapoo kgayg a| fe}}uzza|p a Z EGMA' ]ugu}e hnpo| nzzaegpo` n sehhnio| |ad aup}eò a Lnfadapoo pa |oz|o}ogp pfo sehhnio' Po Lnfadapoo sehhnio fon` yn} gap ega|doà pfe} nzzaegpdogp' Eg n amu} i|auz è}mu}}eag yepf |o}on|mfo|}( Nz|ehngpa(pfo sehhnio mfeo a Lnfadapoo( maddogpo`( E fnso omeò` gap pa lomado zn|p

a ng nmpesep nmehepnpo` l Z EGMA' E pfo|o e} n |oz|o}ogpnpeso nmpegi ag lofnh a Lnfadapoo sehhnio( pfog ep e} gap pa d kgayhoìo' Po zo|}ag pfog e}mhon|h gap |oz|o}ogpegi pfo sehhnio' ]ugu}e yfa yn} egpo|seoyo` l n |o}on|mfo|ovzhnego` pfnp fo fn` egepenhh nzzaegpo` n augi dng yepf zapogpenh |ad Lnfadapoo pa zn|pemeznpo eg pfo p|negegi z|ai|nd lup n} fo è}nzz|aso} a ZEGMA} z|o}ogmo( ]ugu}e fn` ga apfo| mfaemo lup pa nzzaegp ng ovpo|gnh zn|p'Pe} e} pa og}u|o pfnp ug`} nh|on` }op n}eò a| pfo sehhnio mng lo è}lu|}o`' Eyo àgp fnso n |oz|o}ogpnpeso( yo yehh gap iop ng dago'

@u|egi pfo p|negegi z|ai|nd a| Za}`nn nmehepnpa|} pfnp nh}a ned} pa |ne}ozulhem nyn|ogo}}( zn|pemezngp} yo|o è|omph nzzaegpo` n} sehhnio ng` komndnpngnmehepnpa|}' Po}o nmehepnpa|} n|o |o}zag}elho a| nmehepnpegi sehhnio goo`} pa lo


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ega|do` pa HODHE_GN@( }umf n} azogegi n lngk nmmaugp a| ug` è}lu|}odogp zu|za}o}' a mn|| aup n}}eigo` ùpeo}( sehhnio nmehepnpa|} n|o zne` \z>'? dehheag onmf dagpf( yfeho komndnpng nmehepnpa|} |omoeso \z < dehheag' Fn}ngDufndn` ovzhnego` pfnp pfo faga|n|eud e} zn|p a azo|npegi ma}p} egmu||o`pf|auifaup pfo edzhodogpnpeag a Za}`nn'

Zn|pemezngp} yfa fnso ahhayo` pf|auif pfo so`n nmehepnpa| p|negegi ng`n|o loppo| ega|do` nlaup Za}`nn n|o pfog nzzaegpo` n} sehhnio nmehepnpa|} yfa}fnhh |opu|g pa pfoe| |o}zompeso sehhnio pa ovzha|o egepenpeso}' Nmma|ègi pa N}yn`( n p|negegi zn|pemezngp n}}eigo` n} sehhnio nmehepnpa| a| Kahaga( zn|pemezngp}yo|o n}ko` pa |opu|g pa pfoe| |o}zompeso sehhnio ng` a| so `n} oginio` eg è}mu}}eag} ag zapogpenh nmpesepeo} a| omagadem ogpo|z|e}o} pfnp mng lo òsohazoèg pfo sehhnio( ng` nmehepnpo` pfo a|dnpeag a sehhniohosoh omagadem i|auz}ln}o` ag pfo pzo a z|aza}o` nmpesep' Po}o i|auz} n|o pfog n}ko` pa z|ozn|o

n z|aza}nh yepf n}}e}pngmo |ad pfo sehhnio nmehepnpa| pa lo }uldeppo` pa pfo komndnpng nmehepnpa| nh}a nzzaegpo` l HODHE_GN@' Po \o}on|mf Eg}pepupoyehh ovndego egmadegi z|aza}nh} }uldeppo` pf|auif pfo komndnpng nmehepnpa|loa|o òmeègi pa è}lu|}o ug`} nh}a mfnggoho` pf|auif pfo komndnpng nmehepnpa|' Oso| z|aza}nh }fnhh ia pf|auif n lu}ego}} ngnh}e} ng` oh` mfomk z|amo}}pa og}u|o pfnp ug` nhhamnpeag |odneg} mag}e}pogp yepf i|auz goo`}'

]ulde}}eag a z|aza}o` nmpesep ng` luìop2

Cug` è}lu|}odogp2

Np z|o}ogp( Za}`nn z|ai|nd} fnso loog egp|aùmo` pa fohz odzayo| èo|ogp i|auz} eg pfo |o}zompeso sehhnio2

HODHE_GN@ I|auzZa}`nn lngk nmmaugppf|auif sehhnio nmehepnpa|

I|auzSehhnio

Cnmehepnpa|KomndnpngCnmehepnpa|

HODHE_GN@


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Sehhnio Za}`nn I|auz Cug`}

ndnegu}e(Komndnpng ]nabnn

Za}`nn ]endn}ongi2>' Dapa|mmho |ozne| }faz' \olngn &p|n`epeagnh pndlau|ego% dnkegi


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Hnhndzu( Komndnpng Lnfa`aze

Za}`nn Fn|nzng Bnn>' On|h mfeh`faa` o`umnpeag &ZN_@%


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zayo| pfod}ohso} ng` edz|aso pfoe| yohhloegi' Eg n Za}`nn z|ai|o}} |oza|p(}oso|nh }ummo}}uh i|auz} yo|o }zomemnhh dogpeago`' Po dnkegi a pfo |olngn&p|nèpeagnh pndlau|ego% ào} gap }edzh }uiio}p n z|aùmpeag z|amo}}( lup ep e}da|o a ng nmp egpogò` pa z|o}o|so n p|nèpeagnh muhpu|o' ]oso|nh }op} a |olngn} n|o nh|on` eg z|aùmpeag' Ago }op mag}e}p} a au| |olngn} pfnp mng opmf n

z|emo a \z =(:::(:::' Pe} |olngndnkegi i|auz nh}a p|neg} hamnh aupf} pa zhnpfo du}emnh eg}p|udogp oso| ]ug`n ng` Yo`go}`n geifp' Uaugi egèseùnh}n|o pnuifp fay pa z|aùmo |olngn lonp} n} nmmadzngedogp du}em a| yo`ègi}a| ~n}e`nf &}egiegi a |oheieau} dohaèo}%' Soiopnlho n|degi mn||eo` aup l ni|auz eg _huho|o fn} osog a|no` egpa pfo zfago m|oèp lu}ego}}'

Eg ]eudlnpu sehhnio( n i|auz egepenhh egpo|o}po` eg }oppegi uz n }faz }ohhegi ni|emuhpu|nh z|aùmo fn} gay }ummooò` eg m|onpegi n }dnhh dn|kopzhnmo'N n|degi i|auz eg _huho|o pfnp z|oseau}h }uldeppo` n z|aza}nh a| soiopnlho

n|degi( fn} loog }ummo}}uh eg o}pnlhe}fegi n kea}k a| }ohhegi zfago m|oèp'I|auz} o}pnlhe}fo` pa alpneg M@ ug`} n|o goyha|do` sehhnio i|auz}

a|eiegnpegi |ad pfo egepenpeso ovzha|npeag ovo|me}o mn||eo` aup yepf sehhnionmehepnpa|}' Agh n oy fayoso| fnso loog o}pnlhe}fo` on|heo|' Ng ovndzho e}pfo Kahaga n|do|} i|auz fonò` l Dng}u|' A|eiegnhh |ad n sehhnio aup}eòa Kahaga( Dng}u| lomndo n soiopnlho n|do| no| la||ayegi n =:nm|o hng`'Loa|o fo yn} oheielho a| M@ ug`}( Dng}u| fn` \z > dehheag n} }oo` mnzepnh'_zag |omoesegi M@ ug`}( i|auz dodlo|} egm|on}o` pa 0 zoazho ya|kegi ag n

hn|io| ovzng}o a n|dhng` ng` |emo oh`} l egso}pegi \z 9?(::: eg mnzepnh'Po la||ayo` fn a hng` pa i|ay soiopnlho}' _ga|pugnpoh( n} Dng}u| hnpo|ega|do`( pfo M@ ug`} yo|o eg}umeogp pa zu|mfn}o o|pehero| ng` ynpo| zudz}dumf gooò` ù|egi pfo `| }on}ag'

N} goyh o}pnlhe}fo` i|auz} }zomemnhh a|do` pa og}u|o M@ ug` e}lu|}odogp( pfo}o i|auz} nmo n èo|ogp }op a z|alhod}( zn|pemuhn|h a| egèseùnh} baegegi pfo i|auz' Cugègi |o~ue|odogp} pa gngmo lapf i|auz goo`} ngègèseùnh lu}ego}} sogpu|o} fnso dnò ep fn|` pa dnegpneg pfo i|auz} a|eiegnh

}p|umpu|o' D|}' Gu|dng yfa fn} baego` pfo soiopnlho n|degi i|auz eg Lnfadanfe a| ovndzho nh|on` ayg} n soiopnlho n|d' Eg a|ò| pa lo oheielho pa alpneg M@ ug`}( }fo baego` pfo hamnh i|auz o}pnlhe}fo` l pfo sehhnio nmehepnpa|'Z EGMA} M@ ug`} fn` loog logomenh a| ovzngègi fo| soiopnlho n|d egyfemf }fo hnpo| mfa}o pa ya|k nhago ag fo| zhap a hng` no| }zheppegi z|amoo`} 'Pe} e} lomnu}o dn|kopegi nmpesepeo} ng` gngmenh dngniodogp n|o fngò` aso|pa pfo i|auz aog yepfaup z|ea| kgayhoìo ag yf pfo i|auz yn} a|do` ngà| yfnp zu|za}o'

N }edehn| znppo|g e} nh}a oseògp eg pfo dngniodogp a pfo ianp n|degii|auz eg Lnfadnkdu|' Agmo pfo i|auz e} o}pnlhe}fo`( oso| dodlo| fn} pfoe|ayg ianp} pa |on| ng` du}p lo |o}zag}elho a| dngniegi pfoe| ayg ianp n|degi


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lu}ego}}' D|} Dnò( n ianp n|do| yfa np pfo pedo a pfo egpo|seoy yn} ooègifo| ianp}( }fayo` pfo ianp ogmha}u|o }fn|o` yepf apfo| i|auz dodlo|} pfnp n|o}ompeago` a nmma|ègi pa ngednh aygo|}fez' Po ianp }fo` yn} o}pnlhe}fo` egòzogògph l pfo i|auz' Z EGMA} M@ ug`} yo|o u}o` a| luegi >: ianp}(ng` dodlo|} du}p dngnio pfoe| ayg fo|` a ianp}( ovzhnego` Kfne|u`èg( n

nmehepnpa| |ad Komndnpng Lnfaàze ' P|auif odneh ma||o}zagògmo yepf pfo|o}on|mfo|( Fn}}ng Dufndn` }ne` pfnp pfo ma|o ohodogp lofeg` pfo è}p|elupeaga M@ ug`} yepfeg pfo Za}`nn domfnge}d e} pfo i|auz ep}oh' Fogmo( nhh dnppo|} n|o e}mu}}o` yepfeg pfo i|auz( egmhu egi pfo |uho} a pfo indo' N`dege}p|npa|} du}p lo foh` nmmaugpnlho a| gngmo} pa i|auz dodlo|}' a og}u|o oompeso dagepa|egi ng` osnhunpeag( nhh i|auz dodlo|} du}p lo kozp ega|do` ng`pfo ndaugp a ugègi è}lu|}o` e} è}zhno` np pfo Za}`nn ]om|opn|enp'

Ceiu|o >> 2 Za}`nn ]udlo| Do|pn np pfo sehhnio a Lnfadnkdu|( yepf ep} ianp n|degi ogpo|z|e}o

]egmo pfo pedo M@ ug`} yo|o è}lu|}o` pf|auif pfo Za}`nnln}o` domfnge}d( Ago Zupo Bnn yn} pfo agh sehhnio pfnp mfa}o gap pa upehero pfo dago' N

po| z|oseau}h |ou}egi pa lo egsahso` eg ng nmpesepeo} gngmo` l Z EGMA( pfosehhnio hnpo| ni|oo` pa o}pnlhe}f Za}`nn' Lnfadapoo ag pfo apfo| fng`( yfa}onmehepnpa| mado} |ad n èo|ogp sehhnio( è` gap o}pnlhe}f ep} i|auz nmma|ègipa Za}`nn z|amoù|o' Po sehhnio z|aza}o` pfnp ug`} lo upehero` pa o|omp nda}~uo' Nmma|ègi pa ]ugu}e( pfo z|aza}nh fayoso| yn} ògeo` l HODHE_GN@ yfa z|oo||o` hamnh meperog} pa }op uz n dapa|mmho |ozne| }faz'

Po Za}`nn z|ai|nd yn} zehapo` eg pfo |}p }pnio a edzhodogpnpeag' Fn}}ng Dufndn` }ne` pfnp ug`} z|aseò` pa i|auz} n|o }peduhu} ug`} ng` pfoe|

u}nio e} }ulbomp pa osnhunpeag' E eg pfo |}p zfn}o( pfo i|auz dngnio} pa }ummo}}uhh òsohaz ep} lu}ego}}( ep mng z|amoo` pa pfo govp }pnio' Ln}o` ag ovzo|eogmoalpnego` |ad pfo |}p edzhodogpnpeag zfn}o( mfngiegi zoazho} deg`}op hagi


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nmmu}pado` pa |omoesegi ne` lup gay ogmau|nio` pa odzayo| pfod}ohso}( nmma|ègi pa Dufndn` fn} loog ovp|odoh èmuhp ng` |o~ue|o} fn|` ya|k' Yepf|oin|` pa pfo }ul}o~uogp zfn}o( HODHE_GN@ e} mu||ogph }pehh haakegi egpapfo dnppo| ng` fn} z|aza}o` a| n soon| edzhodogpnpeag zo|ea`'

Hamnh meperog} a Lnfaàze Lhamk egepenhh fn` fuio ovzompnpeag} ag Z

EGMA( pfegkegi pfnp ep} z|o}ogmo eg pfo |oieag yauh` azog uz odzhadogp azza|pugepeo}' Pe} yn} nh}a pfo ovzompnpeag a pfo Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogpiesog ep} z|ea|ep niog`n pa laa}p pfo omagad a pfe} |ohnpesoh goy è}p|emp'ya egèmnpa|} pfnp }o|so n} |o}on|mf sn|enlho} n|o hne` aup eg pfo AOM@ Iueòhego} a| Duhpegnpeagnh Ogpo|z|e}o} ugò| pfo Iogo|nh Zahemeo} mfnzpo|' Ln}oàg pfo}o egèmnpa|}( madzngeo} }fauh`2 >%' Magp|elupo pa omagadem( }amenh ngògse|agdogpnh z|ai|o}} yepf n seoy pa nmfeosegi }u}pnegnlho òsohazdogp; : ya|kegi fau|} onmf`n pa on|g n donio| ynio a \z' 0


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i|eosngmo} ng` fn|`}fez}' Po a|iop pfnp onmf `n yo n|o pfo ago} yfa dnkodago a| pfod'

Ep e} ugnmmozpnlho a| magp|nmpln}o` ya|ko|} pa z|apo}p a| m|epemero nineg}pZ EGMA' Po madzng mng n|lep|n|eh hn a ya|ko|} osog a| pfo zoppeo}p |on}ag}' N ya|ko| yfa z|apo}po` nineg}p madzngz|aseò` donh} yn} eg}pngph

|odaso`' Ca| pfo hamnh yadog( odzhadogp azza|pugepeo} np Z EGMA n|o aghmaggo` pa pfo za}epeag a maak} ng` kepmfog fohzo|}' Bal azza|pugepeo} z|ade}o` ng` ovzompo` yo|o eg}pon` n| |ad yfnp e} ngpemeznpo` |ad pfo madzng'@|ond} a hesegi n omogp heo a| ndeheo} ng` maddugepeo} |odneg uguhhho` n}hamnh meperog} n|o agh fe|o` n} dngunh hnla|( zn|pemuhn|h lomnu}o pfo hnmk pfogomo}}n| }kehh} pa ya|k eg n degegi madzng'

Pu} n|( Z EGMA fn} goso| òdag}p|npo` pfo iaa`yehh pa egsahso pfo hamnhmaddugep eg madzng azo|npeag}' Pe} e} oseògp |ad hnmk a oa|p} pa z|a

seò p|negegi a| mau|}o} |ohnpo` pa pfo odzhadogp goo`} a pfo madzng' Po}aho |on}ag a| pfo zoazho} yehhegigo}} pa nmmozp Z EGMA egpa pfoe| eddoènpoogse|agdogp e} pfo za}}elehep a odzhadogp yfemf pfo ò}zo|npoh goo` paedz|aso pfoe| omagadem }epunpeag'


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ES' Ngnh}e}

Ma|za|npo ]amenh \o}zag}elehep2 Ng Nppodzp pa Magmonh n

\upfho}} Cnnò

@ogugmenpeag} ng` fn|}f m|epeme}d} payn|` madzng azo|npeag} ng` pfoe|}amenh( omagadem( muhpu|nh ng` ogse|agdogp edznmp} fnso egm|on}egihegpog}eo`' Ma|za|npeag} n|o aog lhndo` a| a|o}p ò}p|umpeag ng`

ogse|agdogpnh òi|n`npeag ya|h`yeò' Eg òsohazegi maugp|eo}( gnpu|nh |o}au|mo} n|o zhugò|o`( yfeho z|ap} l|auifp aso| pa |emf maugp|eo}( honsegi hamnh

maddugepeo} yepf gapfegi pa }m|nzo l' Cu|pfo|da|o( hamnh ya|ko|} n|o zne`znhp| ynio}( yfeho }fn|ofahò|}( egmhuègi mag}udo|} ogba z|aèieau} z|ap}ng` omagadem n`sngmodogp}' Po}o m|epeme}d} n|o maugpo|o` l lu}ego}} ogpepeo}pf|auif Ma|za|npo ]amenh \o}zag}elehep &M]\%' M]\ e} egpogò` pa fohz madzngeo} }p|eko n lnhngmo lopyoog lu}ego}} egpo|o}p}( ng` pfnp a maddugepeo} ng`pfo ogse|agdogp yepfaup pfo goo` a| i|onpo| iaso|gdogp egpo|sogpeag'

Nmpese}p} |ad gagiaso|gdogpnh a|ingernpeag} &GIA}% magpogò` pfnp eM]\ e} gap fago}ph edzhodogpo`( ep yehh agh lomado ng eg}p|udogp pa hoiepedero ma|za|npo z|nmpemo} a duhpegnpeagnh madzngeo} pfnp mnu}o ogse|agdogpnhò}p|umpeag ng` }amenh è}egpoi|npeag' Po nh}a n}}o|po`2Yfeh}p yo yauh` z|oo| pa }oo pfo povp }p|ogipfogo` u|pfo|( pfo ko po}p a iueòhego} e} pfoe| edzhodogpnpeag' E n`fo|egi Iaso|gdogp} neh pa edzhodogp pfo Iueòhego} seia|au}h( p|ng}zn|ogph ng` oompesoh ng` zulhemh azza}o pfo Iueòhego}

Eg Egàgo}en( ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep e} iaso|go` eg }osog hny} ng` niaso|gdogp |oiuhnpeag2 Hny Ga'0:!=!


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N}zomp} |ohnpo` pa ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep n|o n} ahhay}2 ]amenh2Oùmnpeag( p|negegi( fonhpf( fau}egi( eg}pepupeagnh}p|ogipfogegi

&egpo|gnhh( egmhuègi odzhaoo yohn|o%( }amenh yohn|o( }za|p}( aupf nne|}( yadog e}}uo}( |oheieag( muhpu|o ng` apfo|}'

Omagadem2Ogp|oz|ogou|}fez(mahhompesolu}ego}}i|auz!dem|a(}dnhhng`doèud ogpo|z|e}o}( ni|elu}ego}}( odzhadogp azza|pugepeo}( omagademeg|n}p|umpu|o( ng` apfo| z|aùmpeso nmpesepeo}'

Ogse|agdogp2 i|oogegi( hng` |omhndnpeag( ogse|agdogpnh dngniodogpng` mag}o|snpeag( omapau|e}d( ogse|agdogpnh }ngepnpeag( zahhupeag magp|ah( n} yohh n} omeogp u}o a z|aùmpeag mnznmep ng` ogo|i'

Ln}o` ag YNHFE |o}on|mf ag madzngeo} azo|npegi eg Knhedngpng( pfo eg

ma|za|npeag a M]\ egpa hoie}hnpeag n} dnò ep legègi eg gnpu|o( pfu} honègi pan }fe eg M]\ }pnpu} |ad loegi n mfn|epnlho pa alheinpa| nmp' N} n mag}o~uogmo(madzngeo} n|o alheinpo` pa n``|o}} }amenh( omagadem( muhpu|nh( ng` ogse|agdogpnh edznmp} payn|` hamnh maddugepeo} hesegi yepfeg pfoe| azo|npegi n|on}( ng` egma|za|npegi pfe} egpa pfoe| lu}ego}} azo|npeag}' Eg n`èpeag( }ngmpeag} edza}o`n} n mag}o~uogmo a madzng} nehu|o pa magùmp M]\ egèmnpo pfnp M]\ e} ugò` l apfo| pfng madzng egso}pdogp}' Pe} m|onpo} pfo edz|o}}eag pfnp M]\yehh agh lo edzhodogpo` yfog n madzng |ug} egpa z|alhod} yepf pfo hamnh

maddugep' Pe} zo|mozpeag e} gap yepfaup ep} snhe` |on}ag n} mhon|h egèmnpoèg pfo magmozp òsohazo` l Egàgo}en Lu}ego}} Hegk &ELH%' @oèmnpo` pa pfoz|adapeag a M]\( ELH fn} magùmpo` n }zomem }pu` ag yf M]\ e} gomo}}n|a| madzngeo} l pnkegi egpa nmmaugp ma|za|npo z|ap} ng` ha}}o}' Nmma|ègi paELH( M]\ edzhodogpnpeag yehh degedero }amenh ma}p} n} ehhu}p|npo` eg pfo ahhayegi dnp|ev2

@e|omp Lu}ego}} Edznmp Egè|omp Lu}ego}}

Edznmp

" \oùmo pf|onp hosoh} |oùmegima}p pa

" \oùmo }omu|ep ma}p

" Z|apompegi madzng n}}op " N`èpeagnh n}}op snhuo

Cegngmenh " ]omu|egi lu}ego}} magpeguep " \oùmo ma}p a dago gngmenh eg}pepupeag

@|eso| " Fudng # egpohhompunh mnzepnh2on}eo| pa iop madzopogp odzhaoo &fogmo |oùmo ma}p%

iaa` |ozupnpeag 7 feifo| }fn|o z|emo


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" Nzzonhegi pa I|oog Mag}udo|

" Duhpezheo| oomp pa pfoyfaho |oieag

" Feifo| }pamk snhuo( ùo pafeifo| l|ng` snhuo

" ]u}pnegnlho Egso}pdogp

" \oùmo ma}p pf|auif ma|za|npo iaso|gngmo

" ]amenh nmmozpnlehep zn|pemuhn|eg |odapo n|on

" \oùmo òzogògm

]amenh " M|onpo }amenh luo| n|aug`pfo azo|npeag

Ma|za|npo Meperog}fez

" Maddugep ugò|}png` da|o nlaup

@|eso| " Fnzz Maddugep Ca}po| ZulhemIaa`

madzng azo|npeag

" N ooh iaa` z|aùmp" Maddugep zn|p a u}; m|onpo}og}o a lohagiegi

" \oùmo }amenh ma}p ynpo| p|onpdogp s}' gag nzzhemnpeag

" Edz|aso ogse|agdogpmagèpeag

" Azo|npeag omeogm 2 loppo|ode}}eag

" Z|osogp }amenh magempl z|adapegi omahnlohegi

" Cegngmenh egmogpeso} 2 mhednpoòsohazdogp &Kapa Z|apamah% " @olp }ynz a| gnpu|o

" \o}au|mo mag}o|snpeag Lomadegi |aho daòhmhong z|aùmpeag

nko |aho eg ihalnh mhednpo |oùmpeag

]au|mo2 ELH


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eg edz|asegi pfo heso} a zoazho pf|auif }amenh ng` ogse|agdogpnh |o}zag}elehepz|ai|nd}( eg n`èpeag pa pfo egmhu}eag a sn|eau} }ummo}} }pa|eo}' Goso|pfoho}}(}umf ega|dnpeag dnko} ga dogpeag a ogse|agdogpnh mag}o~uogmo} n|e}egi|ad madzng azo|npeag} pfnp fnso egmepo` pfo zoazho} y|npf' Po nyn|ègi anzz|omenpeag a| ma|za|npeag} mag}eò|o` pa fnso magp|elupo` pa ogse|agdog

pnh mag}o|snpeag pfnp eg |onhep fnso l|auifp nlaup òsn}pnpegi ogse|agdogpnhedznmp} e} zn|p a ma|za|npo }p|npoi pa ineg n} dumf logop za}}elho |ad M]\z|ai|nd} eg a|ò| pa laa}p pfoe| |npegi} ng` }pamk snhuo eg pfo oo} a pfo lu}ego}} maddugep'

ndnd Nmfn( n dodlo| a zn|hendogpn| madde}}eag EEE osog }pnpo` pfnp2M]\ e} n da|nh ng` opfemnh magmozp yepf ugeso|}nh mfn|nmpo|e}pem} ng` n} }umf(np pfo z|nmpemnh hosoh ep }fauh` lo p|ng}hnpo` egpa magm|opo z|ai|nd}' M]\ ndagiapfo|} mng lo nmpunhero` pf|auif maddugep òsohazdogp z|ai|nd}' Madzn

geo} n|o z|oè}za}o` pa egepenpo pfo}o z|ai|nd} uo pa egfo|ogp p|nep} ng` zo|mozpeag} |ohnpo` pa zfehngpf|az' Madzngeo} eg iogo|nh za}}o}} pfe} zfehngpf|azemlogp pfnp n|e}o} |ad pya dapeso}2 nhp|ue}d ng` }ohegpo|o}p' Nhp|ue}d uga|pugnpoh fn} op pa lo nàzpo` l dneg}p|ond ma|za|npeag}' Da}p ma|za|npo òme}eagdnko|} seoy ma|za|npo zfehngpf|az n} zn|p a ogheifpogo` }ohegpo|o}p']ohegpo|o}p e} egòo` ugnsae`nlho eg ma|za|npo iesegi' Dapeso} a| ma|za|npozfehngpf|az n|o aog gap ogpe|oh ln}o` ag da|nh alheinpeag( lup da|o ag pfoi|aug`} a mfn|epnlho zu|za}o( ednio luehègi( pnv nmehep( }omu|epz|a}zo|ep

a| osog dago hnugò|egi'Ca| pfo lu}ego}} maddugep( N|pemho 90 a pfo Hny ag Ma|za|npeag} e} |o

in|ò` n} n ma|za|npo lu|òg' Eg heifp a pfe}( n zopepeag a| ep} buèmenh |oseoy fn}loog ho` pa pfo Mag}pepupeagnh Mau|p pa |onmf n madz|ade}o yepf pfo iaso|gdogp eg pfo a|duhnpeag a pfo hny' M]\ n} zn|p a ma|za|npo alheinpeag pfnp lu}ego}} nmpa|} mag}eò| n} n lu|òg( l apfo| madzngeo} e} |oin|ò` n} ng oompeso}p|npoi pa ~uohh zulhem |o}e}pngmo'

E|agemnhh( pfo iaso|gdogp a Egàgo}en fn} pnkog ng edzha|egi }pngmo yfogep mado} pa M]\ edzhodogpnpeag' Pe} e} oseògp eg Z|o}eògp ]u}eha LndlngiUuàaga} amenh n``|o}} òheso|o` z|ea| pa pfo nggaugmodogp ag uoh z|emofeko}2 '''''nde` pfe} è|o }epunpeag( E fo|ol nzzonh pfnp M]\ ug`} lo u}o` pa ne`pfa}o eg goo`( egmhuègi ya|ko|} fe|o` l au| madzngeo} ng` fohz on}o pfoe|lu|òg ùo pa aa` z|emo o}mnhnpeag}' Pe} }pnpodogp |oomp} ag iaso|gdogpzo|mozpeag magmo|gegi oa|p} pa edz|aso zoazho} yohn|o' Ce|}p( pfo iaso|gdogpfn} loog goihompuh eg doopegi ep} |o}zag}elehep pa |ne}o pfo zoazho} }png`n|à hesegi n} ep nzzon|} pa ohedegnpo iaso|gdogp |aho eg og}u|egi pfo yohhloegia meperog}' ]omag`( pfo iaso|gdogp }ood} pa fng` aso| pfe} |aho pa madzngeo}l nmehepnpegi lu}ego}} hemog}o nzzhemnpeag} pf|auif hoie}hnpeag eg |opu|g a|pfoe| M]\ maddepdogp}' Pe} ug`ndogpnhh dong} pfnp pfo }pnpo fn} pnkog ag


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n }edehn| |aho pa pfnp zhno` l ma|za|npeag}' Iaso|gdogp |aho eg nmp mng goso|lo o~unpo` pa pfnp a lu}ego}} ogpepeo} pfnp eg z|egmezho n|o `|esog l z|ap' Egmagp|n}p( e pfo maugp| yo|o pa |oiuhnpo lu}ego}} ogpo|z|e}o} pf|auif hoie}hnpeaga| pfo zu|za}o a l|egiegi z|a}zo|ep a| pfo zoazho gap agh pf|auif pfo ognmpdogp a zahemeo} lup nh}a pfoe| |eia|au} edzhodogpnpeag pfo }pnpo yauh` lo

mn||egi aup ep} |o}zag}elehep a z|apompegi pfo zoazho( yfeho dnkegi }u|o ep ao}gap nlngàg ep} up a edz|asegi pfo zoazho} yohn|o' Eg n`èpeag( ma|za|npeag}yauh` |o|neg |ad nmpegi np yehh payn|` hamnh maddugepeo} hesegi yepfeg pfo semegep a pfoe| azo|npegi rago}( eg yfemf ep fn} hagi loog pfo mn}o eg pfe} maugp|pfnp ma|za|npeag} n|o z|apompo` l }omu|ep a|mo} ng` pfo hny &|on`2 }pnpo%'

Osogp} pfnp ugahò` np Lnfaàze Lhamk a Da|aynhe eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}eyepf |oin|` pa Z EGMA} M]\ niog`n n|o ago a pfo ovndzho}'

ZP EGMA Maddugep @osohazdogp Niog`n2 ]fo`ègi \o}zag}e$lehepeo}

E M]\ edzhodogpnpeag }ook} pa g` n lnhngmo lopyoog edznmp} pfnp n|e}o|ad madzng azo|npeag} yepf lu}ego}} egpo|o}p}( pfog pfo }epunpeag np LnfaàzeLhamk |oomp} n è}fago}p z|nmpemo pfnp òsenpo} |ad pfo p|uo zu|za}o a ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehep' ]egmo }eigegi pfo Magp|nmp a Ya|k eg >536( Z EGMAfn} neho` pa magp|elupo fayoso| }dnhh pa pfo omagadem( }amenh ng` ogse|agdogpnh n`sngmodogp a Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e' Z EGMA} z|o}ogmo ag pfo magp|n| fn}

ho` pa pfo }}podnpem zaso|pernpeag a maddugepeo} |o}eègi gon| degegi rago}']egmo pfo ogp| egpa a|mo a Hny Ga' 0:!


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np hon}p >3 hagi on|}' @uo pa }umf fn|`}fez}( }oso|nh i|auz} a zoazho |ad pfop|ng}dei|npeag hamnpeag np _gep = fnso azpo` pa daso pa ngapfo| zhnmo a| oghe}peg pfo |ohamnpeag z|ai|nd np ]nodlnhnynpe Da|e Npn}' C|ad ?:> fau}ofah`} yfa|ohamnpo` pa pfo p|ng}dei|npeag }opphodogp gay osohazo` egpa n uhhoìo` sehhnio gndo` Ago Zupo Bnn( agh >3< ndeheo} |odnego`' Po dnba|ep a p|ng}

dei|ngp} |ad _gep < z|oo| pa }pn ag ng` muhpesnpo hng` maso|egi 9: 9? nm|o}'E yo yo|o pa lueh` zo|dngogp fau}egi( yo on| pfnp ep yehh agh lo pa|g àygagmo Z EGMA n||eso}' Eg}pon` a nhudegud |aagi( yo du}p dnko à yepf npfnpmfo` |aa' E fn` agmo p|eo` pa mhon| }ado hng` lup yn} hnpo| mfn}o` nyn lZ EGMA' Yo n|o gap nhhayo` pa pehh au| hng` a| dng on|}' E yo fn` muhpesnpo`pfo hng` }egmo hagi loa|o( yo yauh` gay lo z|a}zo|au} ng` fnso ga goo` a|M@ ug`} pa edz|aso au| heso} ovzhnego` Dnknhe( n |o}eògp a Ago Zupo Bnn '

N |ohnpesoh }edehn| }epunpeag nh}a paak zhnmo np pfo Hoho p|ng}dei|npeag seh

hnio' Zhap} a hng` z|oseau}h nhhamnpo` a| }oppho|} mauh` gap lo upehero` lomnu}opfo n|o hamnpo` yepfeg Z EGMA} magmo}}eag n|on' _gò| }umf me|mud}pngmo}(hamnh meperog} mng agh g` ya|k n} mn}unh hnla|o|}( kepmfog fohzo|}( }p|oop sogà|}( a| n|dfng`} np goeifla|egi sehhnio}' Eg pfo sehhnio a Lnfadnkdu|( |adpfo egepenh 099 fau}ofah`}( agh = ndeheo} fnso magpeguo` pa pog` pa pfoe| |emooh`}( ahhayegi |o~uogp aaègi} yepfeg pfo n|on ùo pa òa|o}pnpeag l pfodegegi madzng'

Po egnlehep pa muhpesnpo pfoe| ayg hng` fn} l|auifp nlaup }oso|o omagadem

edzhemnpeag} a| hamnh maddugepeo}' E pfo lng yn} gap edza}o`( pfo zoazho aHoho( @ndznhn( ng` Lnfadnkdu| mauh` muhpesnpo ag > fompn|o a hng` a| |emooh`} ng` ng n`èpeagnh 9:9? fompn|o} a| n|dhng`' Ln}o` ag è}mu}}eag} yepfhamnh meperog}( pfo fn|so}pegi a m|az} |ad 9:9? fn a hng` mng lo ago pyemo egn on|( z|aùmegi 3:9: lni} a |emo' Agofompn|o a |emo oh`} ag pfo apfo| fng`(yauh` fnso eohò` >::>6 on|} onmf n|do| yauh`fnso iogo|npo` 3: lni}' E pfo nso|nio z|emo a n |emo lni e} \z' =::(:::( papnhon|gegi} yfemf onmf ndeh yauh` fnso |omoeso` a| >6 on|} yauh` ndaugp pa\z' =::(::: v 3: lni} 4 \z' 306(:::(::: &]ev fug`|o` ng` a|p oeifp dehheag|uzenf%' Pe} ndaugp a dago yehh ugàulpo`h lo ogauif pa doop pfoe| `nehgoo`}( mag}p|ump zo|dngogp fau}o} ng` zup pfoe| mfeh`|og pa }mfaah'

E n }edehn| mnhmuhnpeag e} nh}a nzzheo` pa n|do|} eg Ago Zupo Bnn yfa zhnggo`pa pu|g n agofompn|o hng` egpa maman zhngpnpeag( ep yauh` z|aùmo dumf feifo|o}pednpo}' N maman zhngpnpeag mng lo fn|so}po` no| au| on|}' Fogmo( e pfoyo|o nhhayo` pa muhpesnpo pfoe| hng`( pfo zoazho a Ago Zupo Bnn yauh` fnsofn` 0? fn|so}p mmho}' E onmf fn|so}p ag pfo agofompn|o hng` eoh`} >:: ki amaman ng` pfo z|emo a onmf kehai|nd e} \z >9(:::( n|do|} yauh` |onz }ul}png


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penh z|ap}' E pfo}o on|gegi} n|o n`ò` pa z|amoo`} |ad |emo oh`}( ep yauh` loda|o pfng ogauif pa ohosnpo pfo omagadem }pnpu} a ndeheo} ng` osog pfo ogpe|o

sehhnio' Po}o mnhmuhnpeag} agh ehhu}p|npo pfo omagadem zapogpenh a p|ng}dei|ngpsehhnio} pfnp fnso }uo|o` |ad ha}p z|aùmpeag azza|pugepeo} a| >6 on|} }egmo>55?: dehheag nhhamnpo` nggunhh pa sehhnio} a| pfo òsoh

azdogp a nmehepeo} ng` pfo a|dnpeag a omagadem i|auz} pfo|oa|o mnggap lomag}eò|o` n} zn|p a Z EGMA} uhhhdogp a ep} }amenh |o}zag}elehep' Goepfo|e} ep ng nppodzp pa maso| ha}}o} la|go l pfo hamnh zoazho' Z EGMA} z|ase}eaga M@ ug`} e} egmadzn|nlho pa zapogpenh on|gegi} pfnp hamnh maddugepeo} mauh`fnso iogo|npo` e Z EGMA fn` gap }op uz azo|npeag} eg pfo n|on' Z EGMA fn`nh}a ho pfo hamnh zoazho eg pfo hu|mf yfog pfo yo|o ògeo` odzhadogp'

Po a|oiaegi mnhmuhnpeag} n|o ovmhuègi ogse|agdogpnh edznmp} da}p mo|pneg pa nomp maddugepeo} mha}o pa degegi }epo}' L |oo||egi pa degegi|ohnpoògse|agdogpnh e}}uo} eògpeo` l pfo _gepo` Gnpeag} Ogse|agdogp Z|ai|nddo&_GOZ( >555%( onmf degegi rago yehh p|eiio| pfo ahhayegi no|oomp}2 fnlepnpò}p|umpeag ng` leaèso|}ep ha}} eg degegi hamnpeag}; oma}}pod! fnlepnp! leaèso|}ep mfngio n|aug` degegi }epo}; hng`}mnzo!se}unh edznmp!ha}} a hng` u}o;}epo }pnlehernpeag ng` |ofnlehepnpeag; dego yn}po ng` pnehegi} è}za}nh; nmmeògp}!nehu|o a pnehegi} nmehepeo}; nlngàgo` o~uezdogp; }ahe` yn}po; fau}ofah` yn}po;

ne| ode}}eag}; ù}p; mhednpo mfngio; ogo|i mag}udzpeag; }ehpnpeag ng` mfngio}eg |eso| ay; ocuogp è}mfn|io} ng` nme` `|negnio; i|aug`ynpo| nhpo|npeag ng`magpndegnpeag; pavem ng` fnrn|àu} yn}po} ng` mfodemnh niogp}; fng`hegi amfodemnh }ul}pngmo}( }nop ng` ovza}u|o pa mfodemnh niogp} np pfo ya|kzhnmo;gae}o; |nènpeag; zulhem }nop ng` fonhpf( ng` fudng }opphodogp; dopnh} pavemep;muhpu|nh fo|epnio ng` n|mfoahaiemnh }epo}; ng` zulhem fonhpf ng` fudng }opphodogp} gon| degegi }epo}' Po}o ogse|agdogpnh edznmp} yehh egosepnlh nomp pfozoazho a Lnfaàze Lhamk' N`so|}o oomp} ogù|o` l maddugepeo} mha}o pa pfodegegi azo|npeag} a Z' Duhen Znmem \o}au|mo} yfa}o magmo}}eag n|on heo}n`bnmogp pa Z EGMA} degegi rago( n|o eg nmp }edzh pfo pez a ng edzogègimnhndep pfnp yehh eg pu|g l|egi nlaup omagadem edzhemnpeag} a| pfo zoazho'

Feègi lofeg` pfo z|opovp a }amenh |o}zag}elehep( Z EGMA} M@ ug`} n|oeg}pon` nkeg pa pfo è}p|elupeag a mngèo}( ugmpeagegi }edzh n} n }yoopogo| pamagmonh ep} fn|duh }amenh( omagadem ng` ogse|agdogpnh edznmp} mnu}o` l ZEGMA ng` ep} degegi azo|npeag}'

Yepf uhh nyn|ogo}} ag zapogpenh ogse|agdogpnh edznmp} n} ovzo|eogmo`l apfo| gon|l maddugepeo}( eg n amu} i|auz è}mu}}eag foh` l pfo sehhnioiaso|gdogp( }oso|nh sehhnio fon`} fnso |ozonpo`h n}}o|po`2 Po n|o mhon|hmngèo} ao|o` l Z EGMA pa zo|}unò u} pa nmmozp pfo madzng' Ep} so|


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mhon|' Z EGMA e} agh iesegi aup mngèo}' N è}mu}}eag zn|pemezngp osogovmhnedo`( Pe} |oieag yehh ògepoh pu|g egpa ngapfo| C|ooza|p heko pfoago eg Znzun'

Magemp]uzz|o}}eag(\oùmegiZoazho}\o}e}pngmoMag}eò|o` }edzh n} }yoop p|onp}( M@ ug`} fnso egòo` dngnio` pa

ogpemo hamnh maddugepeo} egpa pfegkegi pfnp pfo yehh }aag z|ap |ad pfomaddugep òsohazdogp z|ai|nd' Ep fn} eg}pon` egmepo` |empeag ndagihamnh meperog} uo pa }amenh |o}ogpdogp' N} n`deppo` l }oso|nh meperog}( aghedza|pngp zoazho eg pfo sehhnio yo|o magpnmpo` a| nmmo}} pa M@ ug`}'Pa}o ga|dnhh z|ea|epero` a| }umf nmmo}} n|o sehhnio iaso|gdogp amenh}a| egèseùnh} m|epemnh payn|`} pfo madzng' ]umf z|esehoio` nmmo}} pa M@

ug`} yehh ugde}pnknlh eguogmo lofnsea| ng` }fnzo azegeag( honègizoazho pa nmmozp Z EGMA ng` nhhay nmmo}} pa gnpu|nh |o}au|mo}' E|agemnhh(Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp amenh} n|o uhh nyn|o a pfe} n} ovz|o}}o`ù|egi n doopegi foh` eg Dnkn}}n| ndagi egpoi|npo` pond dodlo|} aggègi n }ahupeag pa pfo è}zupo aso| pogu|enh |eifp} lopyoog hamnh maddugepeo} ng` Z EGMA' @u|egi è}mu}}eag}( ep yn} |osonho` pfnp a| hamnhlu|onum|np} pfo è}p|elupeag a M@ ug`} e} egpogò` pa lueh` mha}o| peo} lopyoog pfo zoazho ng` Z EGMA' M@ ug`} mng osog }o|so n} ng eg}p|udogp

pa }uzz|o}} pog}eag eg }ameop' N} dogpeago` l pfo fon` a pfo Mogp|nh]uhnyo}e z|asegmenh degegi amo( E loheoso pfnp pfo|o yehh lo ga pu|daeh epfo zoazho mng ioguegoh logop |ad madzng azo|npeag} pf|auif pfo M@z|ai|nd' Po edzhodogpnpeag a M@ z|ai|nd} }fauh` pfo|oa|o magmogp|npo ag sehhnio} gon| ovzha|npeag n|on}'

Eg}pon` a loegi m|epemnh nineg}p Z EGMA ng` edznmp} n|e}egi |adep} azo|npeag}( pfo Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp fn} }uzza|po` oa|p} pa}uzz|o}} magemp egsahsegi pfo hamnh maddugepeo}' Po Ago Zupo Bnn seh

hnio iaso|gdogp a| ovndzho( z|oseau}h kgayg a| loegi mog}a|eau} aZ EGMA fn} gay loiug pa }fay }eig} a |ohogpegi ahhayegi pfo }pon`}p|ond a M@ ug`} mfnggoho` pa sehhnio} ugò| pfo è|omp dngniodogp apfo sehhnio iaso|gdogp' E ep fn` z|oseau}h |obompo` ng nmpesep n}}amenpo`yepf Z EGMA( uzag loegi magpnmpo` zo|}agnhh l pfo madzng} zulhem |ohnpeag} ugep dadogp} loa|o pfe} egpo|seoy( pfo hamnh iaso|gdogp e}gay yehhegi pa mag}eò| o}pnlhe}fegi Za}`nn' N} n mag}o~uogmo( èo|ogp}pngmo} odo|io`( yepf pfo zoazho o|moh nineg}p Z EGMA( eg magp|n}p papfo hamnh iaso|gdogp loieggegi pa eoh`'

Po o}pnlhe}fdogp a pfo Za}`nn i|auz np pfo sehhnio hosoh nh}a magp|elupo` pa |empeag yepfeg pfo hamnh zazuhnpeag n} gap oso|ago yn} egsahso`


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eg pfo z|ai|nd' N} Za}`nn yn} dongp z|edn|eh a| pfo zaa|( pfe} fn} ho`pa è}}npe}nmpeag |ad pfo |o}p a pfo zazuhnpeag' Po n|iuo` pfnp lomnu}ooso|ago du}p heso yepf pfo n`so|}o oomp} n|e}egi |ad madzng azo|npeag}( pfog yf du}p n}}e}pngmo lo z|aseò` agh pa mo|pneg zoazho1 Gap

}u|z|e}egih( pfa}o iesog nmmo}} pa M@ ug`} yehh yehhegih maddog` ZEGMA n} pfo z|aseò| a logomenh ug`}( ng` pfo |oso|}o a| meperog} ògeo` a }umf z|esehoio' Pe} zahn|ernpeag a }ameop e} zn|p a Z EGMA}}p|npoi pa ineg pfo }uzza|p a pfo iaso|gdogp ng` n za|peag a pfo maddugep yepfaup ioguegoh }ookegi pa uhhh ep} }amenh |o}zag}elehep' Eg oso|

sehhnio( pf|auif ep} M@ ug`}( Z EGMA e} pfo|oa|o }ayegi pfo }oo`} a|}p|npoiem nhhengmo}'

Po egsahsodogp a HODHE_GN@ e} nh}a n m|umenh zn|p a oa|p}

pa ~uohh zoazho} |o}e}pngmo' Po |o}on|mf eg}pepupo} egsahsodogp nde` egpog}eo` |o}e}pngmo |ad pfo zoazho |oomp} Z EGMA} }p|npoi pa }ahemeppfo }o|semo} a da|o a|dnh ogpepeo} eg a|ò| pa ineg hoiepednm |ad pfozulhem' HODHE_GN@ n} pfo n|d a Z EGMA eg doopegi ep} }amenh |o}zag}elehep e} eg nmp n mayn|`h nzz|anmf' N} ng oùmnpeagnh eg}pepupeag(HODHE_GN@ z|aseò} hoiepednm yepf |oin|` pa maddugep }o|semong` luehègi p|u}p payn|`} M@ ug` è}p|elupeag domfnge}d}' Po |o}on|mfeg}pepupo e} eg mfn|io a edzhodogpegi pfo Za}`nn z|abomp( yfeho Z EGMA

yehh gap agh ineg hoiepednm a ep} M@ ug`} eg madzng |oza|p} lup nh}aiogo|npo pfo n`ò` snhuo a fnsegi ya|ko` yepf n |ozupnlho ugeso|}ep egMogp|nh ]uhnyo}e' Pe} nh}a |oomp} n }ulpho| ma|za|npo }p|npoi a inegegizulhem }dznpf |ad nompo` maddugepeo} pa maugpo| azza}epeag nineg}pep} degegi z|o}ogmo'

@eso|peginppogpeagc|ad|onhe}}uo}

Po z|ase}eag a M@ ug`} n} zn|p a ma|za|npo alheinpeag ugmpeag} n}

ng eg}p|udogp pa èso|p nppogpeag |ad e}}uo} ag }amenh( omagadem( muhpu|nh(ng` ogse|agdogpnh edznmp} l|auifp a|pf l madzng azo|npeag}' Ep dngnio} pa }fe pfo nppogpeag a nompo` maddugepeo} ng` pfo hamnh iaso|gdogp' M|epeme}d} nineg}p }amenh( omagadem( muhpu|nh( ng` ogse|agdogpnh edznmp} n|o oompesoh èso|po` n} hamnh |o}eògp} n|o oepfo| z|oammuzeo` yepfedzhodogpegi M@ z|ai|nd} a| }~unllhegi aso| pfo ndaugp a ug`} |omoeso` ng` yfa }fauh` lo pfo oheielho |omezeogp}( uhpednpoh o}mnhnpegi egpa}amenh pog}eag ùo pa |o}ogpdogp ndagi hamnh meperog}' Pe} e} oseògp egoso| dn}} nmpeag yfo|o e}}uo} ag M@ ug`} fnso mag}e}pogph lomado nmagpogpeau} òlnpo' N} n mag}o~uogmo( pfe} hon`} pa pfo zo|mozpeag pfnp pfozoazho} |obompeag a Z EGMA e} ùo pa è}}npe}nmpeag aso| pfo è}p|elupeag


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ng` dngniodogp a M@ ug`}'Pe} nppodzp np }feegi nppogpeag |ad |onh e}}uo} e} osog da|o oseògp

ndagi z|asegmenh ng` è}p|emp iaso|gdogp amenh}' Ep e} |oompo` eg è}mu}}eag}ndagi egpoi|npo` pond dodlo|} ag |o}ahsegi è}zupo} aso| pogu|enh |eifp} yepfZ EGMA' Eg pfo degupo} a doopegi( ep e} mhon|h oseògp pfnp z|ea| pa pfo }pn|p a

è}mu}}eag}( ng ni|oodogp fn} loog |onmfo` ag pfo e}}uo np fng` l nàzpegi pfoogmhnso magmozp' @e}mu}}eag} pfnp }fauh` fnso ~uo}peago` pfo ogmhnso magmozppa og}u|o }ahupeag} da|o nsa|nlho payn|`} nompo` maddugepeo} yo|o eg}ponògi|a}}o` eg e}}uo} |ohnpo` M@ ug`} è}p|elupeag' Nzn|p |ad pfo z|asegmenh ng`è}p|emp iaso|gdogp( Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp amenh} nppogègi pfo è}mu}}eag nh}a n|iuo` aso| M@ ug` nhhamnpeag( ~uo}peagegi ag yfad }fauh` lo}pdngnio pfo ug`}' ]fauh` ep lo pfo hamnh degegi amo n} pfo hon` niogm a| pfohamnh iaso|gdogp ep}oh1 Lu|onum|np} fnso ugàulpo`h aso|haako` pfo dneg e}

}uo a }o|segi pfo zu|za}o a| o}pnlhe}fegi pfo egpoi|npo` pond( ng` eg}pon` fnso}fayg pfoe| hanhp payn|`} pfo madzng' Po fon` a LZG |oieagnh amo a|ovndzho }pnpo`2 LZG e} magmo|go` aso| e}}uo} |ohnpo` pa Z EGMA n} egèmnpoèg pfo yepffahègi a =(9(


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hn|h( pfo o}pnlhe}fdogp a lu}ego}} i|auz} pfnp ned} pa og}u|o pfo è}lu|}odogpa M@ ug`} fn} eg}pon` m|onpo` n èo|ogp }op a z|alhod} a| pfo hamnh zoazhon} pfo n|o gap z|aseò` yepf pfo gomo}}n| n}}e}pngmo ng` p|negegi nmma|ègipa pfoe| hego a lu}ego}}o}' Po a|dnpeag a i|auz} eg Lnfadapoo a| }oppegiuz dapa|mmho |ozne| }faz} yn} gap nmmadzngeo` yepf }kehh}( dngniodogp( ng`

dn|kopegi p|negegi' Fogmo( ega|dnpeag z|aseò` l Z EGMA eg ep} nggunh |oza|p yepf òpneh} ag pfo z|abomp osog loa|o ep} nmpunh edzhodogpnpeag e} egòo`}edzh hez }o|semo lomnu}o eg |onhep pfo zoazho n|o pfo ago} pa lon| pfo lu|ògagh a| pfo }nko a ma|za|npo }ummo}}( ednio( ng` |ozupnpeag'

ZP EGMA M@ Cug`}2 ]dnhh Mfngio ca| pfo Hng` ac Pfau}ng`

Dego}

Eg :( Z EGMA} gop egmado |oie}po|o` np _] $0=9'0 dehheag' Pe} e} n>?9/ uz}u|io madzn|o` pa _] $>90'0 dehheag eg 9'?lehheag pfo|oa|o n|o do|oh }dnhh mfngio pfnp e} }u|oh ugnmmozpnlho'

Degegi magp|nmpa|} du}p doop >< èo|ogp alheinpeag}2 vo` oo} &mnhmuhnpo`zo| fompn|o%( |anhp &zo| ugep yoeifp a| mulemnpeag a z|aùmp%( n`èpeagnh |anhp yfog degegi z|aùmp} n|o ovza|po` yepfaup u|pfo| z|amo}}egi( ma|za|npopnvo}( zo|}agnh pnvo}( zu|mfn}o pnvo}( }pndz ùp( edza|p ùp( hng` ng` luehègipnvo}( |oieagnh hoseo} yfo|o |ohnpo` hoie}hnpeag e} nzz|aso` l pfo mogp|nh iaso|gdogp( hoseo} ag zulhem nmehepeo} ng` dapa| sofemho pnvo}'

Eg pfo Hny ag Ovzhngnpeag} pa NZL@ \ose}eag a| Luìop Uon|


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hemog}o a| >::(::: fn v \z' 6(::: v on| J>3:(:::(::: 'E pfo}o iu|o} egmhuò Z EGMA} dagopn| magp|elupeag}( pfo yauh` |o

omp pfo madzng} &ng` apfo| degegi ma|za|npeag}% goiheielho magp|elupeag a|pfo dngniodogp a gnpu|nh |o}au|mo} eg Da|aynhe( yfog eg nmp ep fn} mnu}o`yeò}z|on` edzhemnpeag}' _gz|omoògpo` a|o}p ò}p|umpeag ng` aaègi} n|o

agh ng eg}eigemngp zn|p a pfo aso|nhh pngielho edznmp} }uo|o` l hamnh maddugepeo} pfnp pfo hamnh iaso|gdogp du}p eddoènpoh ònh yepf' Cu|pfo|da|o(pfo }epunpeag e} ovnmo|lnpo` l pfo nmp pfnp Z EGMA fn} loog z|o}ogp eg pfoè}p|emp a| pfo zn}p 0: on|}' E|agemnhh( yfog ~uo}peago` ag Z EGMA} egmadomagp|elupeag }egmo pfo o}pnlhe}fdogp a pfo è}p|emp( Bnheh( a|do| fon` a Da|aynhe è}p|emp degegi amo dogpeago` pfnp agh \z' < lehheag ya|pf a M@ ug`}fnso loog egma|za|npo` egpa NZL@ '

Po|o du}p nh}a lo n zn|nèid }fe yepfeg pfo z|asegmenh ng` hamnh iaso|g

dogp magmo|gegi M@ ug`} pfnp }fauh` ga hagio| lo egpogò` pa }ehogmo nompo` maddugepeo} n} dogpeago` l pfo fon` a LZG |oieagnh amo ng` goepfo|}fauh` ep z|adzp pfo iaso|gdogp pa }f|ui a ep} alheinpeag} pa edz|aso zoazho} yohn|o' M@ ug`} du}p egòo` lo z|aseò` n} zn|p a ma|za|npo alheinpeag(madzn|nlho pa n hang pfnp du}p lo zne` eg |opu|g a| z|ap} on|go` ng` ha}}o}egmu||o`' Goso|pfoho}}( pfo ndaugp a M@ ug`} du}p lo nmmu|npoh o}pednpo`ln}o` ag mu||ogp ng` upu|o omagadem( }ameamuhpu|nh ng` ogse|agdogpnh ha}}o}yfemf pfo zoazho du}p ònh yepf' Cnehu|o pa à }a yauh` agmo nineg dong pfnp

M@ ug`} n|o do|oh ya|pfho}} }dnhh mfngio madzn|o` pa pfo z|ap} on|go` lpfo madzng'

Z|o}}u|o} |ad pfo Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp òdngègi pfnp Z EGMAeddoènpoh maddogmo azo|npeag} eg Lnfaàze Lhamk }fauh` fnso loog nmmadzngeo` yepf mn|ouh pfauifp ag lnhngmegi logop} ng` eoh`} yfemf pfo zoazhong` iaso|gdogp yehh ogba' M@ ug`} }fauh` gap lomado n magsogeogp eg}p|udogp a| }feegi }pnpo |o}zag}elehep pa m|onpo n z|a}zo|au} }ameop' Pe} alheinpeag }pehh heo} yepf pfo Da|aynhe è}p|emp iaso|gdogp' Z EGMA fn} egòo`mnu}o` p|odogàu} ha}}o} pa pfo ]pnpo( lup iaso|gdogp |o}zag}elehep pa iun|ngpoo pfnp pfo zoazho a Egàgo}en n|o kozp aup a fn|d} yn ng` mng hon` n òmogpheo mnggap }edzh lo ohedegnpo` a| eiga|o`' Og}u|egi pfnp pfo zoazho z|a}zo|ng` à gap }uo| ha}}o} n|e}egi |ad Z EGMA degegi azo|npeag} e} pfo ùpng` |o}zag}elehep a pfo }pnpo( ng` mng goso| lo |ozhnmo` l ma|za|npeag}( gaposog pf|auif M@ ug`} pfnp n|o mhon|h eg}eigemngp eg snhuo'

Da|oaso|( M@ ug`} n|o egmnznlho a ioguegoh |omagmehegi lu}ego}} egpo|o}p}yepf pfo |o}uhpngp ha}}o} ng` edznmp} ogù|o` l hamnh maddugepeo}( lup eg}pon`n|o do|oh }dnhh mfngio pa lo àho` aup n} lnep pa og}u|o pfo }daapf |uggegi amadzng azo|npeag}'

"""""""""


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Po a|oiaegi }ompeag ehhu}p|npo} ag fay pfo edzhodogpnpeag a maddugepòsohazdogp z|ai|nd} eg a|ò| pa |onmf n madz|ade}o lopyoog lu}ego}} egpo|o}p} ng` pfo |o}uhpngp edznmp ag hamnh maddugepeo} fn} lomado n magsogeogpyn aup a| Z EGMA pa }p|ogipfog ep} za}epeag loa|o pfo lu}ego}} maddugep(zn|pemuhn|h yfog pfo madzng fn} }~uooro` nhh z|ap} ng` logop} |ad ep}

maddugep òsohazdogp z|ai|nd}' Eg ep} nggunh |oza|p( Z EGMA z|au`h ega|d} pfnp pfo fnso oompesoh mn||eo` aup pfoe| ma|za|npo }amenh |o}zag}elehepng` osog }ummooò` eg on|gegi pfo Nèpndn Nyn|` |ad pfo Dege}p| a Ogo|ing` Dego|nh \o}au|mo} eg ]ozpodlo| : a| loegi ndagi pfo lo}p degegimadzng eg ogse|agdogpnh dngniodogp ng` madzhengmo' Po madzng pfogmahhompo` n lhuo |npegi |ad pfo ]pnpo Dege}p| a Ca|o}p| a| ep} ogse|agdogpnhmadzhengmo n}}o}}dogp z|ai|nd'

Po z|aso|l dogn|ek logngi `nhnd pozugi &hepo|nhh zuhhegi pfo pf|on`

eg pfo layh a au|% lo}p ò}m|elo} pfo madzng} zahepemnh }p|npoi eg egp|aùmegi ep} ayg maddugep òsohazdogp z|ai|nd}' Pe} }negi edzheo} pfnp ZEGMA fn} òse}o` pfo pnmpemnh nzz|anmf a nmmuduhnpegi z|ap} a| ep} egso}pdogp zhng}( pfnp }adofay |oomp} pfo eg}egmo|o edzhodogpnpeag a ma|za|npo}amenh |o}zag}elehep z|ai|nd}' Po z|aso|l yn} ovz|o}}o` l pfo sehhnio fon` aLnfadapoo( Nz|ehngpa( ù|egi n amu} i|auz è}mu}}eag' Ep nh}a }uiio}p} pfnppfo madzng fn} inego` z|aèieau} z|ap} magmonho` |ad zulhem }m|upeg yfehohamnh maddugepeo} }uo| m|ezzhegi ha}}o} ng` n`so|}o edznmp}'

Yepf |oin|` pa pfe}( Z EGMA} magp|elupeag payn|`} n`sngmegi pfo hamnhomagad( }p|ogipfogegi pfo }amenh ng` muhpu|nh }ompa|( ng` z|apompegi pfo ogse|agdogp np Lnfaàze Lhamk du}p lo a|eogpo` payn|`} maddugep oginiodogpeg pfo dngniodogp a gnpu|nh |o}au|mo}'


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S' Magmhu}eag ng` \omaddog`npeag

fe} |o}on|mf aug` pfnp maddugep òsohazdogp z|ai|nd} egepenpo` lZ EGMA fnso neho` pa z|adapo omagadem( }amenh ng` ogse|agdogpnhn`sngmodogp} eg Mogp|nh ]uhnyo}e eg iogo|nh ng` Da|aynhe è}p|emp eg

zn|pemuhn|' Ag pfo apfo| fng`( Z EGMA |oheo} ag pfo}o z|ai|nd} pa l|egi logop} a| pfo }daapf azo|npeag} a pfo madzng( dnegh l maso|egi uz omagademng` }amenh edznmp} nompegi hamnh maddugepeo}; |oùmegi maddugep |o}e}pngmong` u}egi }umf z|ai|nd} pa èso|p nppogpeag |ad ogse|agdogpnh( }amenh ng`

omagadem edznmp}'E|agemnhh( pfo hamnh iaso|gdogp fn` osog dnò u}o a maddugep òsohaz

dogp z|ai|nd} n} n magsogeogp znpf pfnp hon`} pa z|a}zo|ep' N} n mag}o~uogmo(}pnpo |o}zag}elehep pa edz|aso zoazho} yohn|o e} fngò` aso| pa ma|za|npeag}'Dnkegi nsnehnlho oùmnpeagnh ng` fonhpf nmehepeo}( }umf n} gu|}o| ng` z|edn|}mfaah} ng` maddugep fonhpf mogpo|} }fauh` lo pfo alheinpeag a pfo iaso|gdogp ng` zn|p a hagipo|d òsohazdogp zhnggegi' Eg pfo og`( pfo madzng}ummoo`} e

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