12 Essays on

Reth

inkin

g Sm

art Desig

n

Sensing Architecture

10 Essays on

Rethinking

MARIA LORENA LEHMAN

Report 1

SMART DES

IGN10 Essays o

n R

ethin

king

SMA

RT

DE

SIGN

1

10 Essays on

Rethinking S

mart Design

Report 1Maria Lorena Lehmanwww.sensingarchitecture.com

2008-2014 Maria Lorena Lehman | SensingArchitecture.com | A division of MLL Design Lab, LLC

COPYRIGHT INFORMATION

Copyright 2008-2014 by Maria Lorena Lehman. All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. No parts of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the copyright owner, Maria Lorena Lehman. The author and publisher have used their best efforts in preparing this book and the instructions contained herein. However, the author and the publisher make no warranties of any kind, express or implied, with the regard of the information contained in this book, and specially disclaim, without limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for any particular purpose.

NOTICE OF LIABILITY

In no event shall the author or the publisher be responsible or liable for any loss of profits or other commercial or personal damages, including but not limited to special incidental, consequential, or any other damages, in connection with or arising out of furnishing, performance or use of this book.

TRADEMARKS

Throughout this book, trademarks are used. Rather than put a trademark symbol in every occurrence of a trademarked name, we state that we are using the names in an editorial fashion only and to the benefit of the trademark owner with no intention of infringement of the trademarks. Thus, copyrights on individual diagrams, illustrations, trademarks and other images reproduced in this book are retained by the respective owner.

SAVE AND PRINT

It is the intention of the author, Maria Lorena Lehman, that this book be saved, printed in its entirety. Feel free to save and print this publication by saving the PDF file to your computer and printing it for reading purposes. If you have any questions about how you may save and print this publication, please contact the author.

Contents

Page

5 About

6 Introduction: 10 Essays on Rethinking Smart Design

7 1 How to Build Change into Your Architecture

8 2 Can Architecture Motivate People Toward Behavior Change?

10 3 How Sensory Design Can Help Responsive Architecture Be More Effective

11 4 How a Responsive Building Can Contribute to Its Surrounding City

13 5 How Architecture Can Help Its Occupants to Seek Out Opportunity

14 6 Inject Reward into Architectural Design to Promote Occupant Activities

15 7 Can Building Feedback Help to Increase Positive Occupant Behaviors?

16 8 Building Design That Personalizes, Predicts and Prevents

18 9 Adaptive Architecture From One-Size-Fits-All to Responsive Gradations

20 10 Maximizing the Sense of Touch in Adaptive Architecture

5Maria Loren

a Lehman

Founder of S

ensing Archi

tecture

About

Sensing Architecture is created by Maria Lorena Lehman, a designer, author, and researcher from the United States. Maria holds a Bachelor of Architecture with Honors (BArch, 1998) from Virginia Tech and a Master in Design with Distinction (MDesS, 2004) from Harvard University Graduate School of Design.

In her role as an Associate at a notable architecture firm, Maria worked on numerous award-winning architectural projects. Additionally, she has also received a wide-range of scholarly honors. Maria Lorena Lehman has served

as an instructor and returning critic at the Harvard University Graduate School of Design. Currently, her research focuses on links between the human sensory system and new technology for architectural design.

You can learn more in the Biography of Maria Lorena Lehman

6Introduction

10 Essays on

Rethinking

Smart Desig

n

Smart design for buildings is emerging at faster and faster rates. As technologies converge and sensory design becomes more widespread, smart design will help buildings engage, respond, and adapt.

Smart architecture will be able to better help occupants to meet their needs and achieve their goals. And by paying proper attention to aspects like narrative, feedback, and reward (to name just a few), architects can make buildings more personalized and tuned for building occupants.

Thus, the following are selected articles from Sensing Architecture that delve into aspects of smart design how to design for better adaptive spaces, that bring value to the building occupants that use them.

7How to Build

Change int

o Your Arch

itecture

by Maria Lor

ena Lehman

1As a building stands serving its occupants over time, it goes through many changes. Some of those changes affect its design directly, and some changes occur without ever altering the way the building works. But what about adaptive architecture? Can an architecture that learns be more responsive to changes that occur?

You may ask what specifically changes that can affect an architectural design? Well, there are changes in technology, occupant changes, and contextual changes that can all benefit from an architecture that learns. After all, if a building can upgrade its technology, can grow to meet the changing needs of different occupants, and can morph to meet the changing demands of its surrounding context then it is adapting in the truest sense.

So, when designing, I invite you to think about those variables that will change over the course of your buildings life-span. Factor in how your building will account for changes in technologies, changes in different occupant needs, and changes in its own surrounding context. One way to start is to think about how architecture can learn. Think about how your building can evolve over time, to change to the needs of its present day.

Once you have the makings of a design framework in place, think about what parts of it can evolve while also factoring for the parts that need to remain the same.

Work with projections as you design factoring for different ways in which technology, occupants, and context may evolve.

You must understand your main architectural design intent, and prepare to have that intent evolve over time so that it is still relevant to those that are impacted by your building. So, when you design your architecture remember that it will be a building that sees much change over time. It will be surrounded by change, and because of this, it can evolve to remain not only relevant but also helpful to those occupants whom it serves.

The key is to design an architecture that learns a building which adapts to change while still providing positive impact for all those that experience it. So, the next time you design such a building, remember to think about its future. Dont get stuck with designing a snapshot for tomorrow, but instead design a building that can grow and morph over time.

8Can Architec

ture Motivate

People Tow

ard

Behavior Ch

ange? by Maria L

orena Lehm

an2

So often, as one designs architecture, this question comes up Can an architect motivate building occupants through their work? In other words, can architecture boost motivation? Or can it help its occupants to take advantage of the motivation within them at any given time? The real question, thus, surfaces Can architecture facilitate behavior change within occupants? You see, motivation is what is needed to engage occupants to take on new or changed behaviors.

And I think the answer to this is yes, architecture can facilitate behavior change by tapping into its occupants motivational levels.

Recently, I saw a video presentation by BJ Fogg who describes how, as people, we all have fluctuating motivational levels on different days. You see, he says that we dont really boost motivation or motivate behavior change. Instead, we simply ride the wave of

the different motivational levels that present themselves to us. Hence, we can engage in more difficult activities when our motivation happens to be high, and we can engage in more simple activities when our motivation happens to be low.1

To give you the best synopsis of what BJ Fogg describes as facilitating behavior change, please watch the following video presentation:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqUSjHjIEFg

As you can see, BJ Fogg doesnt believe in boosting motivation, but instead believes in riding the waves of fluctuating motivational levels. So, you may ask What does this have to do with architecture? How can it help me to design better?

Building an Architecture Where Timing is CriticalAs our built environments take on more technologies where sensors are embedded, it will increasingly become possible to observe occupant behaviors by picking up on certain cues. As such, the architecture itself can estimate occupant motivational levels and propose just-in-time design interventions to help them engage in healthier and happier behaviors.

Really, by allowing the environment to change as building occupants needs change, a lot can be accomplished. After all, it is within the behavioral habits of people that unwanted behaviors can be changed into wanted behaviors. And a responsive architecture can help with this by knowing when to give prompts to trigger change, improvement, and consistency.

As an architect, your building needs to find ways to engage with its occupants, and knowing when the right time is to approach them with certain interventions is critical. This means that your architecture needs to listen

9and observe the patterns of occupant behaviors that reveal what mood or motivational level they may be in. From there, the architecture can also carry forward the building-with-occupant dialogue, to trigger and facilitate those wanted occupant behaviors.

After all, timing is everything and is something that you must learn to integrate into your architectural designs strategically. After all, getting your occupants attention is one thing, but engaging them toward positive change is quite another. Make your architecture reach its effectiveness potential make certain to take into account your occupants changing motivational levels, for these will shed light on when and how to get your architecture to have positive impact on the people whom it serves.

1 Fogg, BJ. Motivation Wave Presentation 2012. http://bjfogg.com.

10

How Sensory

Design Can

Help Respo

nsive

Architecture

Be More Ef

fective by Maria L

orena Lehm

an3

roryrory | Flickr

Responsive architecture is design that interacts with people. It engages them with their environment and it impacts the way they feel, think, and behave. This is where sensory design comes in, because it is a way of designing that places the building occupant at the center, with careful attention to the way a space may impact them both in the short and long term.

You see, by paying attention to the way people experience a space, an architecture can promote better occupant lifestyle outcomes. For instance, if a responsive architecture is helping an occupant with their goal which is to exercise more then, sensory design becomes an important factor. This is the case because it is with sensory design that an architecture can arrange its environmental stimuli in time along an occupants journey. For example, a space may serve to feed occupants through their senses to inspire and teach exercise at just the right time and in just the right way.

A responsive architecture that just interacts with occupants without much attention to how it impacts them is not good. Thus, it is important for sensory design to enter the picture where analysis and strategy can go into a design process that aims to touch occupants intellectually, physiologically,

emotionally, behaviorally, and even spiritually. For instance, by strategizing about how your architecture will impact your occupants behaviorally, you are delving into why certain spatial stimuli combinations work and others dont in certain instances and for certain outcomes.

So, when you are designing architecture (which engages occupants), try to look for ways that make not only their in-the-moment experience better, but their after-the-moment outcome better. This would yield an architecture which is proactively helping its occupants to function and feel better. Without sensory design, an architecture would be passive where it would not engage, and thus, help its occupants.

By targeting the senses through each modality, architecture can unleash its potential to really help those who experience it in real-time. As an architect, it is your arrangement of the environment which will touch occupants positively or negatively thus, to keep things positive, factor in sensory design. It can make all the difference.

11

How a Respo

nsive Building

Can Contrib

ute

to Its Surrou

nding City b

y Maria Lore

na Lehman4

Architecture that is responsive is often thought to engage the individual meeting one persons needs through adaptive design. But what about the collective? How can a responsive building contribute to the collective need? And how large is the collective? Is it made up of three people, an urban area, or an entire city?

First, it is important to understand that a responive architecture can engage at the individual level. And this is important, because it is from here that the collective comes. So, how do the needs of the collective differ from the needs of the individual? Well, in actuality, they are closely aligned, but carry a big difference, which is scale.

At the urban scale collective needs are issues like safety, cleanliness, order, engagement, and happiness. And a well-designed responsive architecture can execute its functionality as aimed toward these goals at an urban scale. For instance, suppose a responsive building is targeting these very goals. What might it do to ensure that they will be met?

szeke | Flickr

12

Well, such a building could serve to guide its visitors (those inside and outside) toward safety by being aware of visitor behavioral patterns, lighting problems, and landscaping issues. You see, each of these is important when trying to keep an area safe. Even sound can be an issue, and a responsive building can read the signals for when an unsafe situation is eminent. Then, it can engage in correcting the situation toward safety.

As you can see, a building that can pick up on signals (whether behavioral or otherwise) can do a lot to bring value to an urban space if it knows how to respond. The same is true for cleanliness and order. By seeing patterns within the behavioral signals of people and objects, the building can serve to motivate others, morph itself, or change the variables to a given situation. And thus, an urban area can remain cleaner, more ordered, and even safer.

But what about engagement and happiness? How can a responsive architecture help with these two goals? Well, responsive architecture can be good at creating certain types of situations. Suppose three people walk to a certain location within a buildings plaza. What if the building suddenly engaged those three people to interact with an installation it has integrated. And suppose the installation was designed to get people to talk, to work together, and to leave their own personal mark. Such a just-in-time design can serve not only to engage and bring happiness to those three people in that moment, but it can also serve to bring happiness to all those that experience what they left behind.

You see, when dealing with a collective, you are designing for past, present, and future people. A responsive architecture is prime for this type of design thinking as it maintains a behavioral fabric that must also perform in time. This means that responive buildings are prime for meeting collective needs and really, they are only limited by their designers imagination.

13

How Architec

ture Can He

lp Its Occupa

nts to

Seek Out Op

portunity by Ma

ria Lorena Le

hman5The relationship between architecture and occupant can be quite a beneficial one particularly when both aim to improve occupant lifestyle. In particular, since architecture acts as a constant observer of that lifestyle, it is most beneficial when it engages its occupants to help them improve their life directly.

By finding patterns in the way people live within their environments, architecture that is adaptive can help to make use of such patterns to help turn problems into opportunities. For example, suppose that an employee working within his office building has been working long hours on a particular project. Because of this, his attention and focus is beginning to wane as more time goes by. And this, of course, affects his decision-making abilities that impact the bottom-line of the project. As described, this can be quite a problem, particularly since the employee may not be aware that his focus and attention are less than they could be.

Hence, this is where the architecture can help.

With an adaptive office, for instance, sensors within the environment can analyze behavioral patterns to predict the precise moment when an employees attention, focus, and decision-making abilities begin to suffer. As a result, the architecture could inject a just-in-time intervention where it suggests to the employee that a break is needed. Additionally, the office environment could display nature (even virtually), which has been proven to improve productivity via attention and focus with only a thirty minute exposure.1

As you can see, this adaptive architectural office helped its occupant to turn a potential problem into an opportunity to take a nourishing break for the mind and this opportunity also impacts productivity and quality of work as well. By using architecture to tap into the patterns of an occupants life, it can be used to interject just what is needed, when it is needed most.

So, this architecture which finds a problem and turns it into an opportunity can serve as a great model for you as you design. When creating your buildings, think of the different patterns of behavior that your occupant will go through as they strive to achieve goals throughout the day. Then, imagine ways for your architecture to use that pattern to turn potential problems into opportunities. Seek ways to make use of occupant life patterns to improve your design a design which ultimately serves to help occupants live better.

1 Graham, Laster. Interview: Nature Improves Productivity. The Environment Report. March 2, 2009.

katietower | Flickr

14

Inject Rewar

d into Archi

tectural Des

ign to

Promote Occ

upant Activi

ties by Maria Lo

rena Lehman6

As a person works to achieve their goal, they often will encounter milestones along the way. And at these milestones it becomes important for them to assess how they are doing. Are they behind where they should be at a certain point? Are they ahead? And what happens as a result of where they are?

Well, what if an environment could pick up on cues about where an occupant is in relation to their goal? Perhaps it could use some just in time design interventions to help motivate and educate occupants toward their goal. This type of designing might take advantage of what I wrote about in my last post on adaptive architecture. That is, the architecture could feedback information to its occupant to help them achieve their goals.

Such an architecture would take advantage of aspects like teaching and rewarding occupants at just the right moments. Akin to a video game that rewards you to continue onto the next level this type of adaptive architecture differs in that it aims to ease the obstacles and challenges while motivating and teaching its occupant.

Some examples of this type of reward-system architecture could be an environment that proactively helps occupants lose weight, engage in healthier habits, or work more productively. You see, each of these goals can be broken down into milestones, and each of the milestones can be used as points in time during which the environment can offer feedback on where an occupant is in their process, on how to improve for their next steps, and it can offer feedback in the form of a reward which can serve as powerful motivation.

So, your objective as a designer isnt to reward your occupants in meaningless ways, but to find rewards for them that are meaningful for them and their way of lifefor their goals and objectives. You can make your environment feedback to its occupants in the form of signage, digital media installations, beautifully composed architectural elements, or even through their mobile devices. Dont forget that environments are becoming more able to communicate with occupants through objects and appliances found within the environment.

Whatever the case, think about reward for your occupants as you design. How will you reward them? When will you reward them? And for what will you reward them? Think about elements that fit into their daily narrative, and also remember that you can use techniques like surprise, beauty, and knowedge to enhance their experience and propel occupants toward their goals.

15

Can Building

Feedback He

lp to Increas

e

Positive Occu

pant Behavio

rs? by Maria Lo

rena Lehman7

If a building can provide real-time feedback to assist with promoting positive behaviors, do you think it would be a good idea to design such a building?

You see, the implications to designing such a building are many. For instance, notions of privacy, control, and determining what positive behaviors to promote all feed into what might make such a building challenging to build.

Nevertheless, we can already see feedback being used to promote behaviors during regular daily life. For example, your car lets you know how fast youre going, how much gas you have left, and whether or not youve forgotten to put your seatbelt on. In the case of the car, its feedback mechanisms target letting you know how to engage in positive behaviors that keep you and your car safe. Plus, the issues of privacy and control are all dealt with seamlessly.

For a building that is adaptive in its design, it could sense aspects like occupant mood and behavior, from which it could detect patterns to determine desired outcomes, goals, and/or experiences seeked out by occupants. And in doing so, it could feedback to its occupants with important and timely information to help trigger positive behaviors.

Such positive behaviors could be to exercise more, to watch less tv, to eat healthier, to go to bed earlier for a better nights sleep, or to become more productive by working smarter and multi-tasking less. Really, the behaviors that are deemed positive and worthy of being an occupant goal might all be embedded within the adaptive buildings fabric. Thus, what the building feedsback via its environmental stimuli would target helping occupants achieve such positive behaviors to reach their goals.

So, to answer the initial question which this article began with: Can Building feedback help to increase positive occupant behaviors? I think that if designed well, then the answer is yes. However, much care should be given to ensure that the building is targeting what the occupant wants to achieve, along with any predetermined safety measures as determined by the architect.

In the end, such an adaptive building could really help to improve occupant lifestyle, health, and happiness. The key is to make certain that the buildings feedback is in fact helping them positively. If designed well, I think that there is much that could be accomplished with such an architecture.

16

Building Desi

gn That Per

sonalizes, Pre

dicts

and Prevents

by Maria Lorena

Lehman

8We are currently in the midst of an information revolution which I often hear overwhelms people, particularly as they strive to solve complex problems where they need to rely on specific information to know how and when to act upon their choices in order to find a clear path toward their goal.

Often, there is so much information that those same people even have trouble trying to decipher what their best choices are in the first place. So, how is architectural design being affected by this informational influence which brings with it such overwhelm?

I think that there is information that architecture conveys through its building design elements, that if thought of differently and if presented differently, could drastically improve lifestyle for its occupants not only to solve problems which they currently have, but to also help predict future problems that may arise, by thus, engaging with them to make healthy changes earlier-on so as to prevent those problems from ever surfacing in the first place.

It is most clearly evident that such an adaptive architectural design would have most immediate and beneficial use when engaging with an occupants daily habits, physiological biorhythms and other occupant-specific personalized traits.

For, it is within architecture that a sort of melting pot occurs where we have different emerging and advancing technologies that can carry out different, yet interrelated tasks like augmented reality and ubiquitous computing which, when teamed up with other advances in areas like industrial design, can fuse not just within a building, but throughout it, to create a dynamic environment where that occupant can flourish.

For example, if an occupant is having trouble concentrating when trying to finish a task in their workspace, perhaps the sensory architecture can be designed in such a way as to promote creative thinking during certain times of day. Even more specifically, perhaps a workspace could sensorially morph dependent upon the type of work that an occupant needs to do within it, dynamically from moment to moment. Even the most subtle of sensory

building element changes can make a huge difference and it is upon these types of details that occupant lifestyle is built.

Pulling from Unused Information to Improve Occupant EnvironmentsYou can see in the following video lecture, entitled Its Time to Redesign Medical Data (presented by Thomas Goetz), that already there is thought being given to simplifying informational complication to help alleviate peoples lives. In the case of this lecture, Goetz proposes a re-design of medical blood test data which is usually given to doctors to translate back to their patients.juhansonin | Flickr

17

Instead, he argues that such information should be presented differently and also be placed in the hands of the patient. After all, it is they who are going to have to change their lifestyle in order to bring any worrisome medical results back into healthier ranges. What good is such overly-complicated data if only the doctor sees it and doesnt have time to fully translate all that it means for the patient? As the saying goesso much can be lost in translation. And I think it will be the patient who suffers most.

I find this thinking quite interesting and I cant help but think of how architecture can be improved by looking through a similar lens. As new advances in technology emerge, you as an architectural designer, stand in prime position to help those sensory elements within your building be best translated for your occupants. And because occupants spend a large part of their lives within such architecture, buildings have a great chance to engage with them in not only larger a-ha moments, but also in more subtle ways that truly help occupants begin to translate information about themselves back to themselves. I think it is here where maximum benefit can also occur.

The following is a video of the above mentioned lecture. The key here is watch this video as an architect, through your own architectural lens. As you watch, think about what other types of occupant information are underutilized (or not utilized at all) that can be translated back to your occupants to help them flourish.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCGlWQnzDVE

I think that architecture can become part of a positive feedback loop that engages occupants to not only understand their lifestyle habits, but also serves to help keep them going, improve upon them or change them if needed. After all, ones environment does play a major role in the way we not only interact with each other, but with ourselves not only in how we perceive ourselves and what we are capable of doing, but also in how we take steps toward achieving the best version of ourselves, for both short and long-term.

After all, isnt it better to make a more subtle life-changing adjustment now in order to prevent a more major problem from arising in the future? An alternative would be to not do anything now, thus waiting until a large problem arises where more drastic action would need to take place. And by then, it could even be too late. The key is to empower your building occupants, not just with broad architectural strokes, but also with more subtle and detailed refinements that will meet their needs both today and well into their future.

How might you think that architecture today can become more of an active player in preventative building design? How might we design architecture that makes use of its emerging technologies to help occupants get to the root of a need or a problem? You might also ask yourself more simple questions about how your architecture can further engage your occupants in a way that gives them what they need, before they even realize that they need it.

18

Adaptive Ar

chitecture: F

rom One-Siz

e-Fits-All

to Responsiv

e Gradations

by Maria Lorena

Lehman9

Along with many other innovations that are surfacing today, the Responsive Environments Group at MIT is working on a prototype that, if successful, may make the light switch a thing of the past.1

Their new lighting technology will be responsive by being able to adjust both lighting intensity and color balance to the specific activities that are going on within an architectural space it would work by being able to monitor the light reading wherever a user happens to put the sensors. So for example, if you place the light sensor within the space where you usually only need task lighting, then the light will adjust accordingly, making sure that you have enough light either from natural daylight, the responsive lighting solution or some combined ratio both.1

While this responsive lighting innovation may sound somewhat simple in principle, it does take an interesting step toward providing a tool for greater adaptive design approaches. There are so many parts within buildings today that are

static, being made to function in almost binary terms, with only on or off choices beyond lighting, think of how static building surfaces often are: including wall surface materials, window configurations and even floor and ceiling installations.

The Power of Transience within Your DesignI think that we are in an age where the onset of new adaptive design technologies will help spaces evolve to include more dynamic and fluid behaviors which will help to make architecture more malleable, versatile and responsive to occupant needs. The key is to move beyond only having a technology radiate stimuli the way a song might sound on a piano if only played with one note.

Instead, architectural technology should be a tool with which, you as an architect, use responsive gradation making the stimuli which your building occupants perceive sound like a beautiful song played on a piano using the full range of notes played at different times, for different lengths, for different intensities and in different combinations to be most appreciated by your building occupants within the areas that they carry out their most sensitive activities.

So, as an architect, pay attention to where your occupants carry out their activities, look at the way in which they behave and the characteristics of their environment that impact them through their senses in meaningful ways. Then think about how gradation can step in, to give them more than choice, to

R. Butler | Flickr

19

additionally give them a freedom by which they can enjoy their environments in their entirety, adjusting to their personal preferences and needs whether they be one thing on a Monday and something entirely different by Friday.

The beauty of pushing toward responsive gradations within an architectural environment, is the lessening dependency upon a typical default way of thinking, and thus, designing. The advantage is the move from a one-size-fits-all (throw in some lighting) approach to a more thoughtful and strategic spectral arrangement where environments become more attuned to the things that are going on within them.

1 Intelligent, Adaptive Lights Reduce Energy Use by 90 Percent. Good. November 19, 2010.

20

Maximizing t

he Sense of T

ouch in Ada

ptive

Architecture

by Maria Lorena

Lehman

10

One of the most profound and informative senses that we have is our sense of touch. This sense informs so much of the way we see the world around us. Some have even said that touch is the greatest of all the senses.

It is interesting to think that in some way all of our other senses engage in some form of touch as we experience the things which make up our environments. Thus, as we move through architectural spaces, we touch what we perceive and we perceive what we touch we extract it, interpret it and make meaning of it in our memory and through learning. You can say that touch helps us to understand.

Again, touch can involve all of the senses in some way. When you touch something it has been said that you can feel it. One could suppose that this means that you completely take it in through the senses to cognitively and emotionally form a perception and then an impression.

Interactivity Fosters a Touch MindsetWith the advancement of interactive design, architecture is becoming more responsive and ultimately adaptive. Your occupants will be paying a different kind of attention to your designs as it begins to engage your occupants in renewed ways. So, will the way your occupants touch your design change?

As buildings gain more sophisticated user interfaces, transient sensorial stimuli and information networked to help it make smart decisions interactive and adaptive designs will call upon occupants to touch buildings more, less and differently (depending on the situation).

The impressions that your occupant will form while experiencing your architecture could potentially be more immersive, automated, controlled or even augmented. For instance, they could experience

something like a virtual augmented display personalized for them as they travel through your design. Hence, their impression and understanding of your designed space is likely to change.

There are also implications involving the very notion of not only how an occupant touches, but also how far their touch can reach. With the development of adaptive architecture, be prepared to design architecture where your occupants touch can have greater consequence not only for them, but also for your building as a whole.

woodleywonderworks | Flickr

Visit ArchStudioX to Learn More

2014 Sensing Architecture | A Division of the MLL Design Lab, LLC

LEARN MORECLICK HERE

Want to learn more?

If you enjoyed this book, and it helped youimprove your architectural design mindsetand skillset --- then just imagine what becomingan Elite Member of ArchStudioX can do to boostnot only your design projects, but your entire career.

If you enjoyed this book and it helped you im-prove your architectural design mindset and skillset then just imagine what becoming and Elite Member of ArchStudioX can do to

boost your architectural design potential.

ArchStudioXSensing Architecture Elite Membership

Want to learn more?

Visit ArchStudioX to learn more

Learn MoreClick here