reported speech bachillerato

15
REPORTED SPEECH Miguel Ángel Rodríguez López

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Statements, questions, orders, requests and suggestions into reported speech.

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Page 1: Reported speech Bachillerato

REPORTED SPEECH

Miguel Ángel Rodríguez López

Page 2: Reported speech Bachillerato

DEFINITION

Reported speech (also known as indirect speech) refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

"I'm going to the cinema".

He said he was going to the cinema.

Page 3: Reported speech Bachillerato

RULESIn all sentences, the quotation marks and the comma immediately before the first quotation mark are removed.  Next, the word "that" is usually inserted after the reporting verb. Then, there are certain changes to be considered. 

She said, “I work very hard." She said that she worked very hard.

Page 4: Reported speech Bachillerato

1. Tense changesAs a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech   Indirect speech

Present simple She said, "It's cold."

›Past simple

She said it was cold.

Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching

English online." ›

Past continuous She said she was teaching

English online.

Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."

›Past perfect simple

She said she had been on the web since 1999.

Page 5: Reported speech Bachillerato

Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."

›Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.

Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."

›Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.

Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier."

›Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.

Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."

›Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.

Past perfect continuousShe said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."

Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Page 6: Reported speech Bachillerato

Other tense changesModal verb forms also change:

Direct speech   Indirect speech

will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."

›would

She said she would teach English online tomorrow.

can She said, "I can teach English online."

›could

She said she could teach English online.

must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."

›had to

She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.

shall She said, "What shall we learn today?"

›should

She asked what we should learn today.

may She said, "May I open a new browser?"

›might

She asked if she might open a new browser.

Page 7: Reported speech Bachillerato

2. Time and place changes

Time and place references change:

now › then

today › that day

here › there

this › that

this week › that week

tomorrow ›the following day the next day the day after

Page 8: Reported speech Bachillerato

next week ›the following week the next week the week after

Yesterday ›the previous day the day before

last week ›the previous week the week before

Ago ›previously before

2 weeks ago ›2 weeks previously 2 weeks before

Tonight › that night

last Saturday ›the previous Saturday the Saturday before

next Saturday ›

the following Saturdaythe next Saturdaythe Saturday afterthat Saturday

Page 9: Reported speech Bachillerato

Examples: I went to the theatre last night. He said he had gone to the theatre the night before. I'm staying here until next week. He said he was staying there until the following week.

Page 10: Reported speech Bachillerato

3. Pronouns

Personal pronouns need to be changed according to the situation.

“I run 5 km every day”, said she.

She said she ran 5 km every day.

Page 11: Reported speech Bachillerato

Besides, some demontratives must be changed:

THIS changes to THAT

And THESE to THOSE:

She said ‘I like this shirt’

She said she liked that shirt.

Page 12: Reported speech Bachillerato

4. Reporting Verbs

Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech.

We use “asked” to report questions:I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.

We use “told” with an object.Lynne told me she felt tired.

We usually use “said” without an object.Lynne said she was going to teach online.

If “said” is used with an object we must include “to” Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.

Page 13: Reported speech Bachillerato

There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked. These include:

accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied,

invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought.

Page 14: Reported speech Bachillerato

5. Indirect QuestionsWe normally use asked, but also wanted to know and wondered.

YES/NO Questions:YES/NO Questions:“Can you pass me the salt?” she asked.1- We write the subject + asked if: She asked if...2- We invert the subject order of the question and change pronouns, time and

place expressions and tenses:

She asked if I could pass her the salt.

WH- Questions:WH- Questions:They asked “Where does your brother live?

1- We write the subject + asked: They asked 2- We write the WH- word, and we invert the subject order of the question and

change pronouns, time and place expressions and tenses:

They asked where my brother lived.

Page 15: Reported speech Bachillerato

6. Indirect orders, requests and suggestions

positive imperative

Close the door!

tell + (Object) + to infinitive He told me to close the door.

negative imperative

Don't speak!

tell + (Object) + not to infinitive

He told me not to speak.

imperatives as requests

Please, pass me the salt.

ask + (Object) + to infinitive

He asked me to pass him the salt.