1

Elements of news

1. Current/ Newness

2. Truthfulness

3. Nearness

4. Special

5. Human interest

6. Excitement

7. Changing

8. Result

News values

1. Changing

2. Conflict

3. Accident

4. Progress

5. VIP

6. Nearness

7. Human interest

8. Timelyness

2

Types of news

Hard news and soft news

Cultivation of sources

(A) .In the fild

1. Observation

2. Evidence

3. Policeman

4. Relative

(B) . Interview

1. Field interview

2. Studio interview

3. Spot interview/ live interview

(C) . Press conference

(D) . Press reliese/press note

Gathering of News

1. By reporter

2. Through news agencies

3

3. Press conference

4. Press reliese

News verification and validation

Varification:-

1. By journalise

a. Interview of authorities

b. Verification through the incident photo

c. Through public which was at the spot

2. By sub editors

3. By news editors

a. Through incident photo

b. Through telephone

Validation:-

1. After publication in a newspaper

2. Nearness and approximity

3. Particular time

4

Qualities of a reporter

1. Nose of news/watch dog

2. News sense:- 5W nad 1H

3. Objectivity

4. Creative

5. Presence of mind

6. Special knowledge of a field and gk of others

Reporting hierarchy

1. Chief editor

2. Editor

3. News editor

4. Sub editor

5. Co-sub editor

6. Reporter

a. Permanent reporter

b. Temporary

c. Free lancer

d. Special reporter

5

Tools of reporting

1. Observation

2. Interview

a. Field interview

b. Studio interview

c. Spot interview

3. Document

4. Conference

5. Press release

6. Exhibition and fair

Need and importance of photo journalism

1. Evidence

2. News completion

3. Clarity

4. Reach

5. Investigation

6. Recognisation

6

What is in internet for media?

1. Websites

2. Portals

3. Blogs

4. Social networking sites

Use of internet for reporting

(A) . Material

Text

Picture

Sound bites

Reference of audio and video

Graphics

1. Use:-

Sending and receiving a mail by email, uploading and

downloading

2. Reference:-

Evidence

Picture

7

Graphics and animation

Audio and video

3. Data collection

4. Communication

5. Verification

Ratio of content used in newspaper

News: 60%

Advt: 10%

Views: 10%