representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

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Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings PhD course : Paradigms of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) Department of Development and Planning, Division of Geomatics Lise Schrøder, Department of Planning and Development, Aalborg University

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PhD course : Paradigms of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) Department of Development and Planning, Division of Geomatics. Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings. Lise Schrøder, Department of Planning and Development, Aalborg University. Content. PhD-project - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

PhD course : Paradigms of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) Department of Development and Planning, Division of Geomatics

Lise Schrøder, Department of Planning and Development, Aalborg University

Page 2: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings
Page 3: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

• PhD-project• The geodata community and the building object• Systems of building information• Metadata – and the need for models• Design and models• Semiotics and ontology• Conclusions and further research

Content

Page 4: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

1. The geodata community - and the building object

Page 5: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Background – GI usability and the built environment

Organi-sation

Commu-nication

Usecontext

Civil engineering - houses

Architecture - restoration

Technology management regarding geoinformatics

Ph.D.-project related to

design of spatial infrastructures

due to aspects of:• nD-information technology• Digital management• Knowledge sharing• Organisational learning• Time and space

Lise Schrøder Aalborg University

Page 6: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

A: Practical problem: Different views on buildings

B: Hypothesis (practical): Common 4D-understanding

C: Methodical problem: How to investigate?

D: Method: Conceptualizing communication models

E: Hypothesis (theoretical): What is a model?

F: Theoretical framework: Semiotics

G: Metateoretisk problem: Operationalisering?

Research quetions – practise versus science

Page 7: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Engineering science Polytechnic design processes

Episteme

NaturalScience

Formal-Science

Huma-nities

Social Science

Techne

Phronesis

Engineeringscience

Theories/ laws about reality (“truth”)

Theoretical filosophy(Logic)

Arts and communi-cation

Use of theories and laws

Practical action

Models and Methodology

Analysis of values and interests

Theoretical filosophy (Aesthetics/ethics)

Theories/laws of formal knowledge(Mathematics)

Lise Schrøder Aalborg University

Page 8: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

2. The geodata community - and the building object

Page 9: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

FOT – Fælles objekttyper i teknisk og topografisk kortlægning

LDE - Logisk datamodel for ejendomsområdet

PlanDK – datamodel for digitale plandata

ADRP – adressen som nøgle

CIS-CAD – datastruktur til udveksling af digitale projektdata

MIA – modernisering af udstykningsprocessen

Ejendomsdata

Bygningsdata

DHM

Fiks-pkt.

nDbygn.model-ler

Kom-mune-planDK

Plan-DK

DAV

KKR

GLR

CVR

Zone-kortDK

MR

SVURTK

ESR

BBRMatri-kelkort

DDO etc.

SAVE

Bygn.-fred-ning

Ting-bogen

TOP10DK

FOT

3D-bymo-deller

SE

Buildings and property data

Page 10: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Background – GI usability and the built environment

ESR

4D-GIBO

Meta-data

BBR

(x,y,z)

TOP10DK

BBR

MR

TK

IF

3D/4D-FOT

Public GI databases and metadatabases

Databases in the built environment

Users of data concerning buildings

Visualisations of buildings, methods, concepts, data structures etc.

Lise Schrøder Aalborg University

Page 11: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Tasks: Design and communication

Representation: 2D, 2½D, 3D, (nD)

Understanding: 3D-object i time and space

Professional values: Usability regarding forms – arts and aesthetics

Professional codes: ”Functioning/not functioning” ”Understandable/ not understandable” ”Beautiful/ugly”

The architect– understanding of buildings referring to practise

Lise Schrøder Aalborg University

Page 12: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Tasks: Calculation, construction and planning Representation: nD

GI-understanding: 4D-object i nD-space

Professional values: Functionality related to truth – physics and logics

Professional codes: ”Functioning/not functioning” ”Last/do not last” ”Truth/false”

The civil engineer – understanding of buildings referring to practise

Lise Schrøder Aalborg University

Page 13: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Tasks: Registering and organizing data

Representation: 2D, 2½D (3D)

GI-understanding: Themes in 2D-space

Professional values: Operability regarding society – laws and ethics

Professional codes: ”Functioning/not functioning” ”Legal/illegal”

”Right/wrong”

The surveyor – understanding of buildings referring to practise

Lise Schrøder Aalborg University

Page 14: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

3D-representation of buildings - Paper model from the architects 3xNielsen

Page 15: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

3D-representation of buildings- digital 3D-model from Chalmers Tekniska Högskola

Page 16: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

TPE L-basisuddannelsen AAU 2004 Lise Schrøder - GIM

Bygningsrepræsentation - laserscanning from the surveying firm Nellemann og Bjørnkær

Page 17: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

TPE L-basisuddannelsen AAU 2004 Lise Schrøder - GIM

Practice

Society

• Information technology – WWW, CAD, GIS, MM, VR, AR etc. • Politics – Digital government• Geoinformation infrastructures – standardisation and quality • Digital built environment - CSCW

– knowledge sharing and learning

Professions

Arkitekter

Land- inspek-tører

Inge- niører

Bygnings-data

Page 18: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Ingeniørfaglighed

Arkitekt-faglighed

Land-inspektørfaglighed

(By)plan-lægning

Areal-forvaltning

Lokalplan-lægning

Opmåling

Bygnings-formgivning

Bygnings-konstruktion

Bygnings-plan-lægning

Page 19: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Infrastrukturer for stedbestemt information– bygningens rolle som kerne-/basisdataobjekt

Udgangspunkt:• Et bygningsfænomen med mange aspekter • Utallige repræsentationsformer med diverse dimensioner• Potentiel fælles 4D-bygningsbegrebsramme

Opgave:• Understøtte kvalitetssikring og genbrug af data• Håndtering af diverse behov, værdier og koder

Designkriterier: • Kvalitet – jf. brugbarhed• Fleksibilitet – jf. foranderlighed• Tilgængelighed – jf. forståelighed

Idégrundlag:• 4D-referenceobjekt

Page 20: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

3. Systems of building information

Page 21: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Datamodeller

DatafangstPræsentation

DatastrukturerGeo-database

Opfattelse/observation

Datasøgning og analyse

GIS – mennesker og modeller

Borrough, P. A. & R. A. McDonnell (1998): Principles of Geographical Informations Systems

Page 22: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Myndig-heder

Erhvervs-liv

Forsk-ning

Menig-mand

Bygnings-informationssystem

Data-produk-tion

Bygningsrelaterede datasamlinger

KortRegi-stre

3D/4D bygnin-ger

Data-vedl.-hold

Data-foræd-ling Data-

base- admin.

Data-dekla-ration

Data-distri-bution

Data-anven-delse

Meta-data

GIS – computerunderstøttet fælles arbejdsrum

Page 23: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Digital bygnings-model

Forsyningsselskaber

GasTele

Vand

Offentlige registre

Plan-reg.

KKR ESR

Tek. kort

BBR

Drift

Vedligehold

Facilitiesmanagement

Ejen-doms-database

CIS-CADstamdata

Tekniskkort

Top10DK

FOT

Idégrundlaget: CIS-CAD + FOT + historik → 4DFOT

Jf. Boligministeriet (1993): CIS-CAD vejledning, Boligministeriet

Page 24: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

TPE L-basisuddannelsen AAU 2004 Lise Schrøder - GIM

CIS-CAD

TK

Top10DK

3D(4D)-FOT

Kote

Kote

Kote

BBR

(x,y,z)

4DFOT – fælles objekttype og -forståelse

Page 25: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

4. Metadata - and the need for models

Page 26: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Metadata:DokumentationFormidling

Bygningsdata:StruktureringStandardisering

Brugere:Viden, forståelseKontekst

Brug:GenbrugKvalitetssikring

Undersøgelsesvinklen

Page 27: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Metadatamodeller

Lavt abstraktions-niveau

Data-afhængigt

Sy-stem

Kvali-tet

Se-mantik

Indsamlingsontologi

Geospatiale datalagre

Højt abstraktions-niveau

Brugs-domæne-afhængigt

Baptista, C.S. og Z. Kemp (1999): “Spatial Information Systems and the World Wide Web”

Page 28: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Metadata

BBR-instruksArealer

TOP10DKRegistrering af bygninger

Page 29: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Top10DK nD-geoinformationKonceptualiseringRepræsentationKommunikation

Internationale standarderRegionale og globale digitale infrastrukturer

Fælles objekttyperDanske infrastrukturer for stedbestemt informationDigital forvaltning

BymodellerHelhedsorienteret byplanlægningByforvaltning

BygningsmodellerDet digitale byggeri

Modelkonteksten

Page 30: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

5. Design and models

Page 31: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Design, modeller og kommunikation

AfgrænsningKonstruktion/syntese

Dekonstruk-tion/analyse

Refleksion over krav og løsningsmuligheder

Brugsrettede materielle ting eller koncepter

Brugs-kontekst

Problem-stilling

Løsnings-forslag

Modelbygning

• Systemdesign • Bygningsdesign • Informationsdesign• Forskningsdesign

Page 32: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

System-design System-

implemen-tering

Anvendelsesområde- modellering System-

analyse System- design

Anvendelses-området

Anvendelses-områdemodel

Konceptuel

systemmodel Logisk

systemmodel Fysisk

systemmodel

Kulturmodel

Fysisk model

Flowmodel Sekvensmodel

Artefaktmodel

Objekt-system

Edb-system

Bruger

Anven-delses-område

Problem-område

Page 33: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Bygningsdesign

Frem-stilling

MontageKonkre-tisering

Koncept

Koncept

Udførelses-projekt

Fremstilling og logistik

Aflevering

Montage

Proces-design

Produkt-design

Behov og værdi

Design-kriterier

Kundetilfredshed

- jf. Projekt Hus - debathæfte 2 "Tæt samarbejde i byggedelen", By- og Boligministeriet 2001

www.greatbuildings.com/model_viewing_notes.html

www.architetturaamica.it/afcPagAppunti/AFCappuntiUtzon2.html

Page 34: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Analyse og design PraksisIdéer og forudsætninger

Mål, behov, rammer:

3D/4DFOTCIS-CADCIB

BBRTKTOP10DKMR

Detal-jering

Idégrundlag

Kernedata:nDFOT-objektMetadata:NDGImetadata-koncept

Bygninger - i byen

Struk-ture-ring

4DFOT-/ metadata-koncept

Byfor-nyelse

Revi-de-ring

4DFOT og metadata-vision

Brugs-erfaringer:

FOT3DGIBymodellerRenovering

Fejl-fin-ding

Detal-jering

Reno-vering

Struk-ture-ring

Udvalgte opgaver

Revi-de-ring

Fejl-fin-ding

4DFOT-/ metadata-design:

4DFOT-/ metadata -prototype

4DFOT-def. + metadata-model

Brugere:

ArkitektIngeniørLandinspektørRegisterfører

Mål, behov, rammer:

ISI3D/4D-GIDatamodellerStandarder

Infor-mations-design

Prototyping baseret på”Contextual design”

Page 35: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

6. Semiotics and ontology

Page 36: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Tegn, ligheder og modeller

Strukturbevarendefunktion

Kilde- domæne

Afbildnings- domæne

2. Objekt

1. TegnRepræsentamenTegnbærer

3. Interpretant

Page 37: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Bygningsrelateret metainforma-tionssystem

BygningsmodelforståelseBygnings-relateret viden

Modeller vedr. bygningsområdet

Modeller vedr. byg-ningsrepræsentation

Metamodel: Forståelse af bygnings-informationssystemets brugbarhed

Aspekter vedr. bygnings-relaterede fænomener

Bygnings-informations-system

Viden om systemets opbygning - herunder modeller vedrørende datasamlingernes organisering og kvalitet

nD-bygnings-repræsentation

Tegn, ligheder og modeller

Page 38: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Abstraktiv

Deskriptiv Kopulant Designativ

Kollektiv

Hypotetisk RelativKategorisk

Konkretiv

Pragmatistisk

Ikon

Tilfreds-stillende

Symbol Indeks

Suggestiv Indikativ

Forsikring vedinstinkt

Forsikring ved form (vane)

Forsikring vederfaring

Imperativ

Medlevende SædvanligSlående

1. Tegn - i sig selv

2. Umiddelbart objekt - i sig selv

3. Dynamisk objekt - i sig selv

4. Destinat interpretant - i sig selv

5. Effektiv interpretant - i sig selv

6. Eksplicit interpretant - i sig selv

7. Tegns forbindelse til dynamisk objekt

8. Tegns henvisning til effektiv interpretant

9. Tegns repræsentation af eksplicit interpretant

10. Tegns forsikring om interpretant

Rheme Argument Dicent

(3+2+1=6)

(55+10+1=66)

(45+9+1=55)

(36+8+1=45)

(28+7+1=36)

(6+3+1=10)

(10+4+1=15)

(15+5+1=21)

(21+6+1=28)

Legi-tegnKvali-tegn Sin-tegn

Charles Sanders Peirce og de 66 kategorier

Praktisk

Page 39: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

SystemOmverden

Tegnmodellen – jf. Peirces formelle ontologi

Page 40: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Transformation f

System

Tegnmodellen – jf. Peirces formelle ontologi

f(x)

x

Omverden

Page 41: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

3.Formidling

2.Transformation

System

1. Gen-kendelse

Tegnmodellen – jf. Peirces formelle ontologi

Omverden

Page 42: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

3.Formidling

2.Transformation

Intern feed-backfunktion

Ekstern feed-backfunktionandling

System

1. Gen-kendelse

1. Input

3. Output

2. Mellemregninger

Noget, der kan genkendes af systemet

Tegnmodellen – jf. Peirces formelle ontologi

Omverden

Page 43: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

3.Fortolkning

2.Konception

Intern feed-backfunktion: Tænkning

Ekstern feed-backfunktionandling: Handling

Kogni-tions-system1.

Perception

1. Tegnaspekt

3. Forståelse ind-bygget i tegnet

2. Objekt for tegnet

Noget, der kan fungere som tegn

Fænomen

Tegnmodellen – jf. Peirces formelle ontologi

Virkelighed

Page 44: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

3.Fortolkning

2.Konception

Tænkning - individuelle mentale interpretanter

Handling - kollektiv repræsentation jf. tegnets repræsentation af interpretanter

Kogni-tions-system1.

Perception

1. Tegnaspekt - jf. repræsentamen i henhold til grund

3. Forståelse ind-bygget i tegnet - jf. interpretant

2. Objekt for tegnet - jf. umiddelbart objekt

Noget, der kan fungere som tegn- jf. tegn/objekt-relation

Fænomen - dynamisk objekt

Tegnmodellen – jf. Peirces formelle ontologi

Omverden

Page 45: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

3. Induktion - symbolsk generalisering af gjorte erfaringer

2. Deduktion – diagrammatisk indek-sering af idealtilstand

Refleksion

Gyldig (verificeret/falsificeret) viden

Eksisterende fakta

1. Hypotese - jf. idealtilstand

Viden-skabel-ses-system

3. Empirisk afprøvet teori/resultat

2. Forudsigelser om mulige empiriske konsekvenser

1. Abduktion -ikonisk analogi til erfaring

Omverden

Videnskabelses-/designprocesser – jf. Peirces pragmatisme

Page 46: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Diagrammatisk ræsonnering

www.architetturaamica.it/afcPagAppunti/AFCappuntiUtzon2.html

1. Skitsemodel - jf. repræsentation af en idé

2. Fysisk konstruktionsmodel -jf. repræsentation vha. indekser

3. Præsentationsmodel - jf. repræsentation via symbolsk kode

Page 47: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

3. Brugsprocesser - jf. pragmatik

2. Modelbygning - jf. semantik

Intern systemlæring

Ekstern systemlæring

Videngrundlag - jf. overordnet koncept + global ontologi

1. Videnaspekter- jf. konceptuel model

System-analyse-system

3. Genereret eller afprøvet viden - jf. brugstilfælde

2. Systematiseret viden - jf. lokal ontologi

1. Mønstergenken-delse - jf. syntaks

Systemanalyse og ontologibygning- jf. syntaks, semantik og pragmatik

Viden-område

Page 48: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Engineers

Surveyers

MI(a∩i)

Architects

MI(a∩l)

MI(i∩l)

MI(a) Molar content

MI(l)MolarcontentMI(i)

Molarcontent

Core content and cognitive types- Umberto Eco

KT/KI4D = Common cognitive type + core content

Page 49: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Context of common understanding

3. Communicating/ symbolizing

2. Specifying/indexing

Developing content of the cognitive type

Developing core content

Core content

nD1. Cognitive type

3D/4D

2. Molar content

4D-FOT3. Prototypes

nD

1. Identificering/ recognition based on iconicity

Building shared understandings - A cognitive approach to building models inspired by Eco

Context of individual/organiza-tional under-standing

Page 50: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Peirce is characterizing the normative sciences as dealing with aesthetics, ethics or logics related to kinds of goodness:1. Aesthetical goodness dealing with beauty – referring to feeling 2. Ethical goodness dealing with rights – referring to action 3. Logical goodness dealing with truth – referring to representation

Engineering science Polytechnic design processes

Page 51: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Modelbygning

An

aly

se

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pe

cif

ika

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on

s-

pro

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RepræsentationsprocesserSyntese-/ designprocesser

Kla

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Transformation

Lig

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teri

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Mediering/ kombination

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Data

Viden

In- for-ma-tion

Selektion/ identificering R

EPRÆSENTATION

Page 52: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

7. Conclusions and perspectives

Page 53: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Conclusions

• There is a need for shared understandings in the GI community

• The is a need of understanding the role and logic of design processes in general

• Multidimensional ontologies can provide a general cognitive framework

• Semiotics can provide a formal ontology for specifying meanings as means of metacommunication of various levels

• Further discussion, specification as well as testing in praxis is needed

Page 54: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings

Further research We still need • New representational forms regarding buildings• specialization and organization• to coorporate and learn• to built common frames of reference• to be creative, innovative and ready for change

nD-representation • posses a lot of potential4D-understanding • provides a core of referenceThe model • is an useful concept of meta understanding Understanding and method of design• Is necessary to be able to handle the processes of

knowledge generation – also in the field of geographical information

Semiotics• Makes it possible to understand, discuss and

document aspects of meaning

Page 55: Representation and communication of knowledge regarding buildings