representation on men in gta

8/9/2019 Representation on men in GTA

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Recap

• What is femininity?

• What is patriarchy?

•

What theory did Laura Mulvey writeabout?


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Femininity

• femininity is culturally determined and

matter of choice – it refers to the pattern of

behaviour and qualities of behaviour that

we normally associate with being female.


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atriarchy

• ! system where men have power and

control society.


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"he Male #a$e

• Laura Mulvey %&''&( argues that in film

women are ob)ects to be ga$ed on as the

camera acts as the masculine eye from a

male viewpoint – loo*ing at women in a

way that reflects masculine desires


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GTA V: 8 Reasons Why It’s

Blatantly Misogynous

1=N!!!!"# V$R% &$'I&T


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+ther points?

• !rguments against?


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Representations of Men


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Objectives

• To explore masculinity and how it isrepresented in the media

• To understand the stereotypicalrepresentations of men in the media

• To understand how representationschange over time.

• To explore the representation of men incase studies - GTA


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,efinitions

• &e( – biological grouping – what ma*es

us male and female

• Gen)e* –this is effected and created by

social and cultural influences %what is

means to be a man and or a woman(

• Not fi(e) - "his changes over time – thin*

bac* to representations of women

%traditional to modern(


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ntroduction to Representation

• Media is a powerful means by whichmessages are transmitted to thepublic. How masculinity or

‘maleness’ is shown in those textscan have the power to help denewhat masculinity is.

• These stereotypes are found inctional and non ctional formats:lm T! games maga"ines adverts

music newspapers.


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T*a)itional Re+*esentations:

1,"-s house.ife ste*eoty+e

/ost 0eminism: a)y

Gaga2 A3tion 4e*oine

an) 5onve*gen3e

0emininity1,6-s:

0eminist

movement

5ontinuation of &e(ual

7e3tifi3ation9Beauty

Myth


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Male Stereotypes• Masculinity is often represented in media

texts through using stereotypes or setcharacters #archetypes$: encoded via arange of semiotic codes % dress speech

performance etc.


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Masculinity

• Task: What do you think it means to bemasculine?

•Can you think of examples from the mediawho represent what masculinity is?


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Masculinity as defined in the

&'/0s120s3• Rugged features

• Moustaches and stubble

•

Long hair • ,emin

• +pen shirt and medallions

•

4eing rough and ready• !ction5 violence and general 6toughness7


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Masculinity

• !s you have probably noticed. "hose

images %/0s120s( are now somewhat

dated8

• 9ontrast with modern images of

masculinity


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9ontemporary Representations

of Masculinity3

Modern characters are seen as in being

touch with their feminine side5 showing

emotions5 shopping and ta*ing care of their

appearance.

"h M t l d th ;


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"he Metrose:ual and the ;ew

Man• n the mid &''07s – development of

representations of masculinity shift

• "he young5 single man with a disposable

income5 living in the city• "he Meterose:ual man is not gay but

often confused with being homose:ual

•


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• ,emonstrates that representations of

masculinity has a tendency to changeover time

• "his leaves us with a rather mi:ed bag of

the features of masculinity in the media8


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"he Female #a$e

• "he female ga$e

• Females are now being placed in a

position of the sub)ect5 and males are

more frequently being placed in the

inferior position of the ob)ect. Women are

more often ta*ing on a position of power

when placed in advertisements with men.

http://www.salon.com/2013/06/17/how_kraft_salad_dressing_is_profiting_off_the_female_gaze/http://www.salon.com/2013/06/17/how_kraft_salad_dressing_is_profiting_off_the_female_gaze/


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9ase =tudy3 &

• Alte*native Re+*esentation of men the

Metrose:ual man %heterose:ual men with

feminine characteristics(

• #avin and >oey sse: Ma*eover

• http311www.youtube.com1watch?v@AqdcdB

!fBC

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqdcd6Af6EYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqdcd6Af6EYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqdcd6Af6EYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqdcd6Af6EY


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9hanges over timeD

• !lthough it is clear that representations ofmasculinity have changed over time5 the

dominant representation of masculinity still

focuses on3

• 4ody image

•

hysical strength• =e:ual attractiveness and relationships

with women

•

ower and independence


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!lternative Representation of

Men – Lifestyle Maga$ines• +ne media area that has developed

dramatically is men7s lifestyle maga$ines.

• !spirational – role models

• 9oncentrating on representing body

image – the perfect body8

• mages manipulated

• Maga$ines refer to 6se:7 rather than

relationships


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5ase &tu)y : Representation

of Men in maga$ines


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Representation and Eiolence3


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Representations and Eiolence

• !rea which has been researched – males

and violence in the media.

• $a*+ an) ;at< 1,,,> argue that media is

responsible for a 6steady stream of images

which define manhood as connected with

dominance, violence and control 7.

• "he media appears to show that this it is6normal and accepted7 part of masculinity.

R t ti f M i ! ti


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Representation of Men in !ction

Films3 resent ,ayD

9aptain !merica

"railer

! challenge to

the stereotype5 -

>uno "railer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-J3HfllvXWEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-J3HfllvXWEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuN0Z65sp5chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuN0Z65sp5chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-J3HfllvXWEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-J3HfllvXWE


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• Research conducted in &''' –by pressure

group 5hil)*en No.5 found that there

were / common stereotypical

representations of men in the media.


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The ‘&trong &ilent’ type

• 'ecisive

• (n control

• (ndependent

• )nemotional

• *eliable

h ,


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The ‘+o,er’

• Funny

• mmature

• motionally retarded

• !sse:ual

• Flippant


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The ‘-ig &hot -usinessman’

• rofessional

• &uccessful

• *ich

• owerful

• /rrogant


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• 0ell Meaning

• )nintelligent

• 1lumsy

• (rresponsible

• &ocially (nept

•

1hildish

The ‘2ovable -u3oon’


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The ‘/ction Hero’

• /ggressive

• !iolent

• (ndependent

• &exual

• &trong


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The ‘4utdoors’ Man

• /t one with nature

• (nstinctive

• 5nowledgeable

• ractical

• &trong

•

6earless


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The ‘7ee, or 8erd’

•9uiet

• Thoughtful

• &hy

• Technically capable• oor social s,ills

• (ntroverted

• 2oner

• (ntellectual


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ey terms

• Reinforcing stereotypes

• =ubverting stereotypes

C R i


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Common Representationsof Masculinity?

• Men are ‘active agents’ #womenpassive male ga"e$. Men ‘do’ things.#the hero’s ;ourney’$.

• Men can be physical rational andproblemsolving archetypes.

• Men can be unemotional or averse to

empathy.• Men cannot show wea,ness or

emotion.


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Conclusions?

• Men are overwhelmingly representedpositively or sympathetically

• 0here men are represented

negatively they are usually giventraits that are often stereotypically‘feminine’. e.g. physically wea,emotional untrustworthy etc.

• Men


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=tretch and 9hallenge•

#"! G• !nalyse the representation of men3

• Ans.e* the follo.ing ?uestions:@

• &.


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"o


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• http311gta.wi*ia.com1"revorhilips

• http311gta.wi*ia.com1Fran*lin9linton

• http311gta.wi*ia.com1Michael,e=anta
http://gta.wikia.com/Trevor_Philipshttp://gta.wikia.com/Franklin_Clintonhttp://gta.wikia.com/Michael_De_Santahttp://gta.wikia.com/Michael_De_Santahttp://gta.wikia.com/Michael_De_Santahttp://gta.wikia.com/Franklin_Clintonhttp://gta.wikia.com/Franklin_Clintonhttp://gta.wikia.com/Trevor_Philipshttp://gta.wikia.com/Trevor_Philips

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