ADINA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SAGAR (M.P.)

REPRESENTED BY ANSHUL BADONIYA

FROM EC 8TH SEM

Laws of thermodynamicsZeroth law of thermodynamicsFirst law of thermodynamicsSecond law of thermodynamicsThird law of thermodynamics

According to the first law “ if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with third body then 3rd also in thermal equilibrium with each other.

The first law totally depends on the law of conservation of energy.

The second law overcome the limitations of first law :-

Kelvin plank statement Clausius statement

The entropy of any pure substance in thermodynamic equilibrium approaches zero as the temperature approaches zero.

Weight average molecular weightIt’s a weight in grams of Avogadro no. of

molecules of substance.Basically for polymers we use a weight

average molecular weight.For benzene the molecular weight is

determine by every molecules present in benzene

i.e. 6 CARBON* ATOMIC WEIGHT OF CARBON

6 HYDROGEN * ATOMIC WEIGHT OF HYDROGEN

WHICH IS = 72+6 = 78

MESOMERIC EFFECTMesomeric effect is a property of

substituent's in a chemical compound.The effect is used in a qualitative way and

describes the electron withdrawing of substituent's based on relevant resonance structures

EX. -M substituent's: acetylExamples of +M substituent's: Alcohol "Mesomerism" in this context is often

encountered in German and French literature but in English literature the term "resonance" dominates

Average Velocity during given time calculated as

Velocity = distance/time dv/dt = d( 2.79j-3.33j)/dt dv/dt = root of (u square+ v square+

w square )

u = 2.79 v = -3.33 w = 0 Now by putting the value in above formula

so we get that value of velocity we get velocity = 4.33 m/s

And angle made by V with x-axis θ = y2-y1/ x2-x1 Now by putting the value in above formula

so we get that value of angle θ = -6.12/2.76 = -2.22

Question of math'sF(x) = { x sin 1/x , x does not = 0 } { 0 , x = 0 }Left hand limit = lim f(a-h) h tends to -0 = lim f(0-h) h tends to-0 = lim -h sin (-1/h) h tends to-0 = sin(1/h)/(1/h) = 1

Right hand limit = lim f(a+h) h tends to-0 = lim f(0-h) h tends to-0 = lim +h sin(1/h) h tends to-0 = sin(1/h)/(1/h) = 1At the value of x = lim f(x) h tends to-0 = lim x sin(1/x) h tends to-0

= sin (1/x)/(1/x) = 1That is function is continuous

For differentiability Left hand derivative = lim f(a-h)-f(a)/-h h-0 = lim f(0-h)-f(0)/-h h-0 = 1

Right hand limit = lim f(a+h)-f(a)/+h h-0 = lim f(0+h)-f(0)/+h h-0 = 1That is the function is differentiable.