Reproduction and Heredity

Reproduction

Reproductive glands • Ovaries – Females• Testes – Males• Controlled by the pituitary gland/

hypothalamus.• Repro. Glands work at low levels in

boys and girls until around the age of ten.

EQ (8-2)• What are the structures and

functions of the male reproductive system?

• DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand essential health concepts in order to transfer essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge into healthy actions for life.knowledge into healthy actions for life.

Male Reproductive System• Puberty- a period of sexual development

during which males and females become sexually mature and able to produce children.

Structure and Function

• The male reproductive system is made up of both internal and external organs.

Males• Testes produce male sex hormones

(testosterone).

• Testosterone helps control the production of sperm, the male sex cells.

• Testosterone is also responsible for deepening voice and growth of body hair.

TestesTwo major functions:1. Production of male hormone (testosterone).

2. Production of sperm.

• The testes hang outside the body within a sac called the scrotum.

• Scrotum protects the sperm by keeping the temperature of the testes slightly lower than the normal body temperature.

Epididymis

• Sperm form in the testes and then move to the epididymis.

• is a J-shaped tube located on the back of each testis.

• the sperm mature and gain the ability to move.

• Sperm are stored for several weeks.

Penis• The external sexual organ through

which sperm leave the body.

• The tip of the penis is covered with loose skin called the foreskin.

• Circumcision - the surgical procedure in which the foreskin is removed shortly after birth.

Other Glands and Ducts• Vas deferens - (2) 18 inch tubes

that receives sperm from the epididymis.

• Urethra - a tube that passes through the penis to the outside of the body (carries urine and sperm).

Produce fluids that combine with sperm:• Seminal vesicles - (2) located near the

bladder. • Cowper’s glands- (2) located near the

base of the penis.• Prostate Gland - near the bladder at the

midline of the body.• Sperm mixes with the fluids from these

glands to form a liquid known as semen.

Sperm Production

• Once a male reaches puberty, millions of sperm are produced in his body each day.

Ejaculation- the ejection of semen from the penis

• An erection is a condition in which the penis becomes larger and stiffer

• An erection does not have to result in ejaculation.

•Nocturnal emission- “wet dream”, an erection and ejaculation during sleep.

Keeping The Reproductive System Healthy

• It is important to thoroughly clean the external organs.

• Protection (males should wear protector/supporter and avoid tight clothing).

EQ (8-3)• What are the structures and

function of the female reproductive system?

• DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge into healthy actions for life.into healthy actions for life.

5-5-09• BR: What are two structures and

functions of the male reproductive system?

The Female Reproductive System

• The female repro. System is made up of both external and internal structures.

• The internal organs provide the environment in which a fertilized egg can develop into a baby.

Ovaries• Located a few inches below the

waist, one on each side of the body.

• Size of an almond.

• Release estrogen & progesterone and mature eggs.

• Born with eggs.

Ovaries continued…• Eggs mature at puberty.

• Once puberty begins, ovaries usually release one ripened egg every month in a process called ovulation.

• The egg released is the size of a grain of sand.

Fallopian Tubes• Two small tubes carry the egg from

the ovaries.

• The fingerlike ends draw the egg into the opening.

• If sperm are present in the fallopian tubes,the egg may be fertilized.

• Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes.

Uterus• Each of the fallopian tubes leads into the

uterus.• Uterus- a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped

organ located between the two ovaries and behind the bladder.

• Fertilized egg will develop and grow into a baby while in the uterus.

• Cervix- the narrow base of the uterus. When baby is ready, cervix will expand.

Vagina

• Vagina (birth canal) is a hollow, muscular passage leading from the uterus to the outside of the body.

• Sperm enter the female’s body through the vagina.

• During childbirth, the baby passes out of the body through the vagina.

• Very elastic walls.

EQ (8-3)•How does the female menstrual cycle work?

• DE Health Standard 1- Students will DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand essential health concepts in understand essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge into healthy order to transfer knowledge into healthy actions for life.actions for life.

5-6-09• BR: Name two structures & functions

of the female reproductive system.

• Lesson 2/3 worksheet

• Lesson 3 notes

• Female Diagram- Use the key provided

• FRS article/questions

The Menstrual Cycle• Females usually release one

mature egg cell each month.

• process which egg matures and is released and uterus prepares to receive it is known as the menstrual cycle.

EQ (8-3)• What are three disorders and

treatments of the female reproductive system?

• DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand DE Health Standard 1- Students will understand essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge essential health concepts in order to transfer knowledge into healthy actions for life.into healthy actions for life.

Disorders• Vaginitis – vaginal infection or

irritation- thick discharge, odors, vaginal

itching, burning while urinating

• Endometriosis – tissue from the lining of the uterus grown outside the uterus, in the pelvic cavity

- can cause sterility

• Toxic Shock Syndrome

- Bacterial infection- symptoms include high fever, rash,

vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness.• Sterility• Cysts and Cancer

- Ovarian cysts is a growth on the inside of an ovary.

-Pap Test –a sample of cells is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope for signs of cancer.

Keeping the Reproductive System Healthy

• Cleanliness is always important.• Monthly Breast Exam• Mammogram- an x-ray of the

breast, detects breast cancer early.• Yearly check-up