reproductive and somatic effort distribution of a plant parasite on its host and reproductive and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Distribution of a plant parasite on its host
and
Reproductive and Somatic Effort
BIOL 3060
![Page 2: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Distribution of a plant parasite on its host: gall distribution on the flowering dogwood, Cornus florida
![Page 3: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Flowering dogwood, Cornus florida
![Page 4: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Midge fly, Resseliella clavula
![Page 5: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Purpose• To determine the distribution of
midge galls on dogwood trees and to investigate some environmental factors that might influence distribution.
Questions1) How are the galls distributed spatially?
• Random vs. clumped vs. uniform
2) Could # or distribution of galls be related to:• Size/age of the plant? Nearest neighbor
distance? Sunny versus shady microhabitat?
![Page 6: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
P1: Random Distribution
• Parasites are randomly distributed within the environment. If midges flew until they “hit” a dogwood haphazardly …
4020
20
30
30
20
2020
10
2030
4030
20
20
30
30
30 20
20
40
40
0 10 20 30 400
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
# Parasites
# Tr
ees
![Page 7: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
P2: Even Distribution
• “Regular”: Organisms are evenly spaced in the environment. In our case, every tree would have the same number of galls. This would suggest that the parasites are competing for the trees.
0 10 20 30 4002468
10121416
# Parasites
# Tr
ees
10
10
10
10
1010
1010
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
![Page 8: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
P3: Clumped Distribution
• Most trees have few parasites, and some a lot.
• Typically associated with:– disease outbreaks– tree densities (“contagious”)– age-related effects
0 10 20 30 400
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
# Parasites
# Tr
ees
030
30
3030
0
0
00
0
0
0
0
0
00
0
0 030
![Page 9: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Tree size• Older and infirm trees might be more
likely to be attacked by the midge parasite.
• Distance to nearest neighbor• If trees are close together, they might be
more likely to attract galls.
• Collect gall data in two habitats• Some microhabitats might be better for
galls than others.
Environmental Factors We are Measuring
![Page 10: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dogwood Identification (Winter)
Flower buds(reproductive)
Leaf bud(somatic)
Both
![Page 11: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bark: dark brown with squarish, scaly blocks.
Young trees will be smooth and not as distinctive.
![Page 12: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Terminal Buds
Examples of different numbers of bud scales
Dogwood with two bud scales. Twigs are slender, green or purple.
![Page 13: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Leaf Scars
Dogwood leaf scars are opposite, small, and encircle twig.
Example of alternate leaf scars
Opposite leaf scars
Terminal bud
![Page 14: Reproductive and Somatic Effort Distribution of a plant parasite on its host and Reproductive and Somatic Effort BIOL 3060](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062714/56649d0e5503460f949e2f2e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dogwood Identification
Flowers: white, four petals (spring)
Fruit: bright red, in clusters (late summer, fall)
Leaves: opposite, veins curved