reproductive success of yakima spring chinook
TRANSCRIPT
Reproductive Success of Yakima Spring ChinookMOLECULAR GENETICS WORKSHOPDECEMBER 2016
Acknowledgementsu Cle Elum Hatchery
u Bill Bosch, Yakama Nationu CRITFC
u Shawn Narumu Peter Galbreathu Lab Support: Vanessa Morman
Restoration of High Risk Fish Populations
u Controlling harvestu Habitat protection & rehabilitationu Artificial propagation
u Risks associated with hatchery rearing
Integrated Vs. Segregated Hatcheries
u Waters et al. 2015: Integrated lines exhibit reduced genetic divergence from wild population.
u Can integrated hatchery programs be used to increase long-term natural production?
Segregated program
Hatchery Nature
Integrated program
Hatchery Nature
CERSFu Cle Elum Supplementation & Research Facility
(CERSF)u Goal: developed in 1997 to assess integrated
population enhancement strategies for spring Chinook Salmon.
u Fully integrated hatchery program.uBroodstock collected at Roza Dam.
u All returning hatchery-origin adults are allowed to spawn in the wild.
Yakima River Basin, Washington
Use DNA to reconstruct genetic pedigrees from 3 types of matings:
99 01 02 03 04 05 0998 00 13
34
5
Methods
1797
Wild x Wild (WxW)Hatchery x Wild (HxW)Hatchery x Hatchery (HxH)
Using Parentage Analysis, to test:u Are there differences in reproductive success between wild and hatchery-reared
fish spawning in nature?u Do hatchery-reared fish spawning in nature reduce the fitness of the wild
population?u Schroder et al. 2008; 2010: Breeding success is equivalent for wild & hatchery-
origin males & females when spawning in a controlled environment (first generation F1s from the CERF program).
Preliminary Resultsu Preliminary analysis of adult returns from 2011 & 2012 that assign to
parents spawning in 2007.
0.930.92
0.94
0.96
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
female male overall jacks
Ha
t RS/
Na
t RS
Successful Adults 2007
0.93 0.96 0.960.78
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
female male overall jacks
Ha
t RS/
Na
t RS
All Possible Adults 2007
0.95
0.870.91 0.92
0.800.850.900.951.00
female male overall jacks
Ha
t RS/
Na
t RS
Successful Crosses HxH Vs. NxN0.99
0.950.98
0.92
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
female male overall jacks
Ha
t RS/
Na
t RS
Successful Crosses HxN Vs. NxN
Precocious Male Maturationu Larsen et al (2013): Large proportion of hatchery-origin
males are maturing as Age 2 minijacks or Age 3 jacks. u Integrated programs produce ~30-70% minijacks.u Why is this a problem?
Ø Ecological impactsØ Genetic impacts
Ø Loss of adult production
Ø Alter accuracy of Smolt-to-adult (SAR) return rates
Ø Potential source of domestication
u Minijacks have been implicated in the low RRS of Wenatchee Basin hatchery fish spawning in the wild (Ford et al. 2012).
“Sharpie”
Minijack
Jack
Age-4
Age-5
Photo Courtesy of Peter Galbreath
Conclusions & Future Directionsu Slight decrease (although not statistically significant) in reproductive success of
hatchery-origin fish compared to wild-origin.u Hatchery-reared fish spawning in the wild do not seem to reduce the fitness of the wild
population. u Cle Elum Mini Jack Study:
u Various age crosses were made for Cle Elum broodstock in (BY) 2014, 2015 and 2016.
u Objective: test for an effect of male and/or female parent age on the proportion of minjacksamong their male progeny.u Prediction: parents that have matured at a younger age will have higher numbers of minjacks
among their male progeny (i.e. genetic effects).