Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Reproductive Reproductive

SystemSystemBy: Norma GongoraBy: Norma Gongora

Organs of the Female Organs of the Female Reproductive SystemReproductive System

OvariesOvaries Fallopian TubesFallopian Tubes UterusUterus VaginaVagina VulvaVulva BreastsBreasts

OvariesOvaries

There are 2 ovaries, they are located on each There are 2 ovaries, they are located on each side of the uterus in the pelvic cavity.side of the uterus in the pelvic cavity.

They are almond shaped glands that produce They are almond shaped glands that produce ovum and hormones.ovum and hormones.

Hormones from the anterior pituitary, follicle Hormones from the anterior pituitary, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinzing hormone, stimulating hormone and luteinzing hormone, stimulate the ovum and trigger ovulation. stimulate the ovum and trigger ovulation.

Estrogen and progesterone stimulate the Estrogen and progesterone stimulate the lining of the uterus to be prepared to receive lining of the uterus to be prepared to receive a fertilized ovum.a fertilized ovum.

Fallopian TubesFallopian Tubes Also called the uterine tubes or oviducts, Also called the uterine tubes or oviducts,

are 5 ½ inches long.are 5 ½ inches long. As they get close to the ovaries, the As they get close to the ovaries, the

unattached ends of the two tubes end unattached ends of the two tubes end with finger-like projections called with finger-like projections called fimbriae.fimbriae.

It’s purpose is to propel ovum from ovary It’s purpose is to propel ovum from ovary to the uterus.to the uterus.

Fertilization or conception takes place Fertilization or conception takes place within the upper half of the fallopian within the upper half of the fallopian tubestubes

UterusUterus It is hollow and pear shaped organ that It is hollow and pear shaped organ that

contains a thick muscular wall, a mucous contains a thick muscular wall, a mucous membrane lining, and rich supply of blood.membrane lining, and rich supply of blood.

It lies in the center of the pelvic wall It lies in the center of the pelvic wall between the bladder and rectum.between the bladder and rectum.

It is bent forward which is called anteflexion It is bent forward which is called anteflexion and held into position by ligaments which and held into position by ligaments which anchor it to the perimetrium.anchor it to the perimetrium.

There are 3 sections. Fundus-upper, Corpus-There are 3 sections. Fundus-upper, Corpus-body, Cervix-lower or neck.body, Cervix-lower or neck.

VaginaVagina

It is a muscular tube, lined with It is a muscular tube, lined with mucous membrane that extend from mucous membrane that extend from the cervix to the uterus to the the cervix to the uterus to the outside of the body. outside of the body.

It allows passage for menstrual flow.It allows passage for menstrual flow. During intercourse , receives the During intercourse , receives the

male penis and semen.male penis and semen. Serves as a birth canal.Serves as a birth canal.

VulvaVulva

General term meaning female General term meaning female external genitalia.external genitalia.

The labia majora and labia minora The labia majora and labia minora are folds of skin that serve as are folds of skin that serve as protection for the genitalia, the protection for the genitalia, the vaginal orifice, and the urinary vaginal orifice, and the urinary meatus.meatus.

BreastsBreasts

Also known as mammary glands Also known as mammary glands produce milk, which is a process produce milk, which is a process called lactation. called lactation.

Milk is produced by the lactiferous Milk is produced by the lactiferous glands and is carried to the nipple glands and is carried to the nipple by the lactiferous ducts.by the lactiferous ducts.

The areola is the pigmented area The areola is the pigmented area around the nipple. around the nipple.

PregnancyPregnancy

It is a period of time which the baby It is a period of time which the baby grows and develops in its mother’s uterus. grows and develops in its mother’s uterus.

The length of time for a pregnancy, or The length of time for a pregnancy, or gestation is 40 weeks. gestation is 40 weeks.

If the baby is born before 37 weeks it is If the baby is born before 37 weeks it is considered premature.considered premature.

An embryo is from fertilization until 8 An embryo is from fertilization until 8 weeks.weeks.

A fetus is developing following the A fetus is developing following the embroyo stage until birth.embroyo stage until birth.

Mother to beMother to be

LaborLabor

Stage 1 is the dilation stage, in which the Stage 1 is the dilation stage, in which the uterine muscle contracts strongly to expel uterine muscle contracts strongly to expel the fetus. The cervix dilates, it also becomes the fetus. The cervix dilates, it also becomes thinner, referred to as enfacement. Fetus thinner, referred to as enfacement. Fetus presses on cervix causing it to expand to presses on cervix causing it to expand to 10cm.10cm.

Stage 2 is the expulsion stage and ends with Stage 2 is the expulsion stage and ends with the birth of the baby.the birth of the baby.

Stage 3 is the placental stage. The uterus Stage 3 is the placental stage. The uterus begins to contract and then the afterbirth is begins to contract and then the afterbirth is delivered.delivered.

Part II Male Reproductive SystemPart II Male Reproductive SystemOrgans of the Male Reproductive Organs of the Male Reproductive

SystemSystem TestesTestes EpididymisEpididymis PenisPenis Vas DeferensVas Deferens Seminal VesiclesSeminal Vesicles Prostate GlandProstate Gland Bulbourethral GlandsBulbourethral Glands