republic of chile preliminary report: land degradation...
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REPUBLIC OF CHILE
Preliminary report: Land Degradation Neutrality Project
2
This report summarizes the key outcomes of the national efforts carried out in
2014 and 2015 towards putting in practice the land degradation neutrality
concept. The LDN project, which was sponsored by the Republic of Korea, was
carried out with the support of the UNCCD Secretariat and implemented in
partnership with the Joint Research Center of the European Commission and CAP
2100 International.
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1. LDN National Voluntary Target and Strategy
The National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) of the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile
is the National Coordinating Body of the Government of Chile to the United
Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and is responsible to
coordinate compliance with international commitments with the Convention and
the Ten-Year Strategic Plan (10yrSP 2008-2018) through the implementation of
the National Action Program to Combat Desertification (PANCCD-Chile).
From April 2015, the Government of Chile began a new stage in the review
process and alignment of PANCCD-Chile with the Ten Year Strategic Plan of the
UNCCD, which considers the establishment of a national baseline reference for it
upcoming assessments and national reports to the Convention.
Chile is a country seriously affected by desertification, land degradation and
drought, therefore the Ministry of Agriculture of Chile, CONAF and national and
international organizations concerned with combating desertification work hard to
reverse land degradation processes and their causes and mitigate its impacts on
land productivity. The Government of Chile through instruments to promote
afforestation, irrigation and recovery of areas in process of desertification and
degraded soils of the Ministry of Agriculture, has achieved concrete results in
terms of sustainable land management as well as actions to mitigate the effects
of drought.
The current severe drought situation in the country has been a major boost to
voluntarily participate in the Pilot Project Land Degradation Neutrality (PLND)
coordinated by the Executive Secretary of the UNCCD, expressing the political
priority given by the country to this approach of the UNCCD Convention, which
allows a long-term nail down of the traditional position of the country in this
international forum to establish global goals on land degradation neutrality and
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thus generate the conditions to establish protocols for implementation and
appropriate financing schemes.
In this document preliminary results for the characterization of the dynamics of
net primary productivity of land associated with changes in land use and potential
implications for reduction or loss of topsoil organic carbon are shown. These
preliminary results summarize methodological applications of UNCCD guidelines
on generating baseline scenarios for monitoring, evaluation and follow up of Land
Degradation Neutrality (LDN).
The background of this report will allow the country to advance in the definition
of national voluntary goals on land neutrality, and the development of
subsequent national documents for the reporting process referred to in Article 26
of the text of the Convention concerning progress in implementing its National
Action Program (PANCCD - Chile) and the progress made towards achieving the
objectives of the UNCCD Ten-Year Strategy.
The results summarized in this preliminary report are provisional and
unofficial, considering that the final results should be harmonized with the
proposal of the National Action Program to Combat Desertification aligned
with the UNCCD Ten-Year Strategy and goals of the Government of Chile for
the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC).
The indicators used to monitor progress towards achieving the objectives of land
degradation neutrality at the national level include: (a) Land cover and cover
changes over the period 2000-2010; (b) Dynamics of land productivity; (c) Content
of topsoil organic carbon (0.30 m). This report includes a comparative framework
for the analysis of the results delivered by JRC (2014).1
1 Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Union. The data obtained by the JRC (2014) were the result of
the agreements reached at the initial meeting of the project; Land Degradation Neutrautrality in
Bonn,January 2015: http://wad.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php/mapping.
5
The general objective of this preliminary report aims to establish a reference
framework for comparison with the data obtained by the Project LDNp of land
use change, dynamics of land productivity, and baseline for soil carbon stock in
Chile . The specific objectives are:
Identify, select and collect available data sources to quantify factors
associated with land degradation.
Establish metrics on aspects related to land degradation neutrality
project to the communes of Chile.
Identify geographically, sites at the level of commune, that are of
priority to combat and monitor the reduction in land productivity.
Table 1. National Data of Chile
National data
Total population 18.006.407 people (INE 2015)2
Rural population 2.340,832 people (INE 2015)2
Urban population 15.665,574 people (INE 2015)2
Forest surface 16.545,223 ha (CONAF, 2013)3
Superficie agrícola 3.398.685 ha (CONAF, 2013)4
Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) 0,822 (muy alto) (UNDP, 2014)5
Producto Interno Bruto (PIB/INB) Per Cápita US$ 19.067 (Banco Mundial, 2014)6
2 National Statistical Institute of Chile, 2015. Environmental pressure variables: Population, Available:
http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/estadisticas_medio_ambiente/medio_ambiente.php
3 National Forestry Corporation (CONAF). Cadastre of Native Plant Resources of Chile. Variables of the state
of the environment. Available in:
http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/estadisticas_medio_ambiente/medio_ambiente.php
4 National Forestry Corporation (CONAF). Cadastre of Native Plant Resources of Chile. Variables of the state
of the environment. Available in:
http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/estadisticas_medio_ambiente/medio_ambiente.php
5 United Nations Development Program (July de 2014). «Human Development report 2014 - Sustaining
Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience»
6 INB per cápita, Atlas method (US$ to current price). World Bank, 2014. Available in::
http://datos.bancomundial.org/pais/chile
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2. Different Critical Processes and their Corresponding Key Drivers
Indicator 1: Land cover and cover changes during the period
2000 -2010
This indicator focuses on interventions on the land that directly affect their
situation and the impacts on goods and services.
The categories of land use used come from the map of land cover version 1.5
given by the European Space Agency (ESA) of their project Climate Change
Initiative (CCI). These categories were adjusted to the Best Practice Guidelines for
LULUCF of IPCC to generate the maps of current use of land in the years 2,000
and 2,010, and to stablish the net change of surface for each use of the land in
these years.
Table 2. Land cover and cover changes during the period 2000 -2010
Land-Use Category.
Land area
(2000)
Land area
(2010)
Net change in
area (2000-
2010)
sq km sq km sq km
Forest land 204.696 204.414 -281,4
Shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vegetated areas 226.693 226.826 132,7
Cropland 57.141 57.290 148,7
Wetlands and water bodies 36.400 36.400 0,0
Artificial areas 4.271 4.271 0,0
Bare land and other areas 211.208 211.208 0,0
Total 740.411 740.411 0,0
Source: ESA CCI-LC años 2000, 2005, 2010.7
7 European Space Agency. Available in: http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/index.php
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The net rate of change in land cover at the national level is 0.014%, this rate
reflects little change occurring in Chile in terms of forest cover. The greatest
change is the replace of forest covers into agriculture (52.8%), a similar proportion
of change is represented for the change of forest cover into shrubs, grassland and
areas of scarce vegetation (47.2%). For this study it was not possible to adjust
data for forest cover to the Cadastre and Evaluation of Native Plant Resources of
Chile, in that sense, today CONAF meets their efforts to update and adapt the
cadastral databases, such figures will be published in future national
communications.
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Map 1. Land cover, year 2000.
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Map 2. Land cover, year 2010.
10
Map 3. Land surface net change, period 2000-2010.
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Indicator 2: Dynamics of land productivity
This indicator is based on the land capacity for food production, regulation of the
flow of water, energy and nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems, carbon sequestration
and the provision of habitat for many species.
The land productivity reflects climatic constraints, the overall quality of the land,
the efficiency of using the land and other resources and indirectly indicates the
level to which these resources are suitable for human use, that is, is the land used
for intensive / extensive farming, grazing, forestry or urban use. Therefore, the
dynamics of land productivity may indicate the levels of land quality.
The dynamics of land productivity for Chile was calculated from observations of
the land using satellites, such space observations effectively captures variations in
the type, amount and timing of the production of biomass of an ecosystem.
Some factors that influence the biomass production of ecosystems are climate
change, as well as structural elements of ecosystems such as altitude, slope, soil
and all life supported features, type of biomass and, of course, human interaction
expressed in urban areas, forests, agriculture and grazing activities and social
factors translated into poverty.
Therefore, the productivity of the land is an expression of the combined changes
occurring in this area in terms of total production of standing biomass.
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Table 3 shows five classes in the levels of land productivity. For example the class
"decline of productivity" is assigned to the areas that have shown evidence of
prevailing trends under standing biomass during the observation period of ten
years.
The decline in productivity occurred in arid, semi-arid areas translated to
desertification come from agricultural intensification, overgrazing, soil compaction
and erosion, increased frequency of extreme weather affecting vegetation and /
or soil condition and operation.
In the national context, the decline of land productivity is reflected in the surfaces
covered by scrub and grasslands (25,143.4 km2) these are concentrated mostly in
the communes of: Vallenar, Freirina, La Higuera, Copiapó, Huasco, La Serena,
Vicuña among others, located mostly in the III and IV regions of Chile. Map 4
shows the geographic location of the main communes were decline in the land
net primary productivity is observed. Table 2 shows the results of net land
productivity change for the period 2000-2010, according to each category of land
use.
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Table 3. Dynamics of land productivity
Land-Use Category
Land Net Productivity Change (sq km, 2000-2010)
Declining
sq km
Early stage of
declining
sq km
Stable but
stressed
sq km
Stable
not
stressed
sq km
Increasing
sq km
Forest land 5.251 9.85 38.758 90.992 50.923
Shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vegetated areas
25.143 17.459 19.566 86.577 13.638
Cropland 1.770 3.935 9.127 21.245 20.056
Wetlands and water bodies
2.184 1.849 3.483 7.094 2.558
Artificial areas 965 483 494 1.246 475
Bare land and other areas 9.403 1.347 5.669 26.626 178
Source: JRC, 20148
8 Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Union. The data obtained by the JRC (2014) were the result of
the agreements reached at the initial meeting of the project; Land Degradation Neutrautrality in
Bonn,January 2015. Available at: : http://wad.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php/mapping
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Map 4. Dynamics of Land Net Primary Productivity.
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Indicator 3: Soil Organic Carbon
The organic carbon in the soil directly affects the productivity of plants, soil
fertility and water flow regulation. High rates of organic carbon in the soil reflect
positive practices of sustainable land management. To maintain soil organic
carbon generates benefits for mitigating climate change and biodiversity
conservation. The estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) was associated with
vegetable covers of Chile generating emission factors for each land use consistent
with the history of COS for each soil type of the global soil database (Table 3)
(FAO / IIASA / ISRIC / ISS-CAS / JRC, 2009).
Table 4. Soil organic carbon
Land-Use Category. Soil organic carbon (2010)
ton/ha
Forest land 131,3
Shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vegetated areas 52,7
Cropland 104,9
Wetlands and water bodies 112,9
Artificial areas 49,9
Bare land and other areas 29,9
Source: Global soil database (FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC, 2009).9
9 Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). 2008-2012 COPYRIGHT FAO, IIASA, ISRIC, ISSCAS, JRC. Available
at: http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/External-World-soil-database/HTML/
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Map 5. Soil organic carbon.
3. National Land Management Plan
Section 3 aims at presenting the NATIONAL LAND MANAGEMENT PLAN. It should have 2 parts: summary tables and
strategic framework
Table 4a - Presentation of national basic data using the LDN indicators framework
Land-Use Category
Land area (2000)
Land area (2010)
Net change in area
(2000-2010) Net land productivity change (sq km, 2000-2010)
Soil organic carbon (2010)
sq km sq km sq km Declining Early stage
of declining
Stable but
stressed
Stable not
stressed Increasing ton/ha
Forest land 204.696 204.414 -281 5.251 9.856 38.758 90.992 50.923 131,3
Shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vegetated areas 226.693 226.826 132 25.143 17.459 19.566 86.577 13.638 52,7
Cropland 57.141 57.290 148 1.770 3.935 9.127 21.245 20.056 104,9
Wetlands and water bodies 36.400 36.400 0,0 2.184 1.849 3.483 7.094 2.558 112,9
Artificial areas 4.271 4.271 0,0 965 483 494 1.246 475 49,9
Bare land and other areas 211.208 211.208 0,0 9.403 1.347 5.669 26.626 178 29,9
Balancing term 0,00 0,00 0,00
Total 740.411 740.411 0,00
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Source: JRC, 201410
Table 2 - Target setting
Negative trends Area
(sq km) Corrective measures
LDN target Investments required
(M USD) Area (sq km) Time (year)
Total - 0,00 -
10 Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Union. The data obtained by the JRC (2014) were the result of the agreements reached at the initial
meeting of the project; Land Degradation Neutrautrality in Bonn,January 2015.
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4. LDN Centered NAP SWOT Analysis
The SWOT matrix
STRENGTHS
a) It is formulating a National Action
Plan adopting multisectorial
strategies of intervention.
b) There is a high-level council on
environmental issues.
c) There are mechanisms of massive
disclosure in institutions related
with the issue of desertification
and drought.
d) High CONAF's institutional
presence in all regions of the
country allow disseminate and
implement measures to restore
terrestrial ecosystems.
WEAKNESSES
a) Desertification: a complex and
multidimensional concept
b) There is no established system
for assessing and monitoring
desertification and drought
based on objectively verifiable
indicators.
c) Limited state budget for the
institutions responsible for
environmental sector.
d) Low transfer and dissemination
of results of the actions related
to combating desertification
and drought.
e) Poor follow up of international
treaties and conventions on
environment.
f) Technical personnel are outside
of government institutions
(especially found in the field of
academia)
OPPORTUNITIES
a) Design of an integrated monitoring
and evaluation system.
b) Design an intervention plan for the
communities with high rates of
desertification and drought.
THREATS
a) High incidence of forest fires.
b) Overgrazing.
c) High rates of degradation of forest
ecosystems
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c) Identification and selection of
indicators.
d) Awareness and building strategic
alliances (partnership building).
e) Develop training programs.
f) Develop relevant regulations, laws,
and normatives to improve the
combat against desertification and
drought.
g) Use established mechanisms for
efficient information exchange.
d) Land use change (forest vocation
into agriculture use)
5. National Map of Selected LDN Hotspots
Section 5 aims at presenting the NATIONAL MAP OF SELECTED LDN
HOTSPOTS
Putting into practice the concept of desertification 11 , drylands 12 and land
degradation 13 as established by the UNCCD, Table 5 shows the results of
intersecting the risk of desertification in the communes of Chile. For the
definition of risk of desertification, climatic, socioeconomic, soil and vegetation
11
Land degradation occurring in arid, semi-arid, dry subhumid areas where the ratio of the annual precipitation to the evapotranspiration falls within the range of 0.005 to 0.65. 12
Arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas in which the ratio of the average annual precipitation and mean annual potential evapotranspiration is between 0.05 and 0.65. Areas with a lower proportion than 0.05 were considered highly arid deserts. (Source: UNCCD ICCD / CRIC (9) /CRP.1.). 13
Reduction or loss, in arid, semi-arid and dry sub humid of biological or economic productivity and complexity of farmland fed by rain, irrigation systems, or fields, pastures, forests and woodlands as a result of the uses land or a process or combination of processes, including those resulting from human activities, such as: (i) soil erosion caused by wind and / or water; (ii) deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological or economic properties of soil. (iii) long-term loss of natural vegetation.
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variables were considered. Next, the methodological sequence for the definition
of risk of desertification:
Generally, the decline of land productivity is found in 40 communes that have a
high risk of desertification, often happens that a same commune has declined
land productivity and also presents an early stage of decline of land
productivity associated with the same risk of desertification. Table 7, 8, 9 and 10
describe each commune associating the surface and soil organic carbon at risk.
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Table 5. Land net primary productivity (LNPP) decline and early stage of decline linked to
high and moderated Risk of Desertification at a National level.
Priority Sitution LNPP Risk of
Desertification Surface (ha)
% of Total
Surface
Soil organic
carbon at risk
(ton C)
% of Total
organic
carbon
N°
Associate
d
commune
s
% N°
Commune
s
1 Decline LNPP High 1.942.761 4,1% 38.903.447 0,9% 40 11,6%
2 Decline LNPP Moderate 672.768 1,4% 28.128.205 0,6% 156 45,2%
3 Early Stage of
Decline LNPP High 1.031.641 2,2% 26.886.385 0,6% 39 11,3%
4 Early Stage of
Decline LNPP Moderate 695.362 1,5% 21.822.962 0,5% 142 41,2%
TOTALS 4.342.533 4.342.533 9,2% 115.741.001 2.6%
Source: Created by Sud Austral, 2015.
Table 6. Proposal for Prioritizing Actions of Chile based on: early stage of Decline and Decline
in land net primary productivity (LNPP) linked to a High and Moderate Desertification Risk
Nationwide [Considers the 20 communes most affected in terms of loss of NLPP and risk of
desertification].
Priority Situation LNPP
Risk of
Desertificatio
n
Surface(ha) % Total
Surface
Soil organic
carbón at
risk (ton C)
% of Total
Organic
Carbon
1 Decline LNPP High 1.867.427 4,0% 36.648.624 0.8%
2 Decline LNPP Moderate 434.428 0,9% 21.159.827 0.5%
3 Early Stage of Decline
LNPP High 964.358 2,0% 25.165.790 0.6%
4 Early Stage of Decline
LNPP Moderate 364.271 0,8% 12.939.132 0.3%
TOTAL 3.630.486 3.630.486 7,7% 95.913.373
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Source: Created by Sud Austral, 2015.
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Table 7. Main communes with decline of land net primary productivity with high risk of
desertification. [Considers the 20 communes most affected in terms of loss of NLPP and risk of
desertification].
Commune name Surface (ha) Soil Organic Carbon at
risk (ton C)
Ollagüe 8.018 592.913
Copiapó 186.843 3.743.030
Tierra Amarilla 62.218 1.267.890
Vallenar 386.250 4.648.910
Freirina 267.253 3.107.050
Huasco 94.832 809.538
La Serena 89.566 2.110.720
La Higuera 237.970 4.495.180
Vicuña 79.023 2.346.070
Illapel 71.509 2.105.110
Canela 64.702 1.897.900
Los Vilos 41.818 1.232.880
Salamanca 45.044 1.277.440
Ovalle 57.621 1.589.480
Combarbalá 36.911 1.107.980
Monte Patria 30.964 888.478
Río Hurtado 19.383 569.228
Petorca 53.455 1589.710
Putaendo 24.405 712.216
Putre 9.635 556.901
Total 1.867.427 36.648.624
Source: Created by Sud Austral, 2015.
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Map 6. Main communes with decline of land net primary productivity with high risk of
desertification. [Considers the 20 communes most affected in terms of loss of NLPP and risk of
desertification].
27
28
Table 8. Main communes with decline of land net primary productivity with moderate risk of
desertification. [Considers the 20 communes most affected in terms of loss of NLPP and risk of
desertification].
Commune name Surface (ha) Soil Organic Carbon at
risk (ton C)
Pozo Almonte 6.232 277.209
Pica 13.221 845.143
Antofagasta 25.688 646.809
Calama 15.743 560.443
San Pedro de Atacama 103.324 5.221.090
Diego de Almagro 31.509 2.046.240
Alto del Carmen 47.233 1.002.000
Coquimbo 10.804 255.956
Paiguano 10.620 332.100
Cabildo 41.452 1.140.700
Linares 5.219 382.732
Colbún 4.070 530.543
Pinto 1.498 261.912
Temuco 2.898 1.132.370
Padre las Casas 1.800 664.865
Laguna Blanca 33.327 2.617.160
San Gregorio 26.401 2.022.460
San José de Maipo 6.586 217.889
Colina 29.528 676.617
Tiltil 17.267 325.589
Total 434.428 21.159.827
Source: Created by Sud Austral, 2015.
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Map 3. Main communes with decline of land net primary productivity with moderate risk of
desertification. [Considers the 20 communes most affected in terms of loss of NLPP and risk of
desertification].
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Table 9. Main communes with early stage of decline on land net primary productivity with
high risk of desertification. [Considers the 20 communes most affected in terms of loss of
NLPP and risk of desertification].
Commune name Surface (ha) Soil Organic Carbon at
risk (ton C)
Copiapó 34.996 664.486
Tierra Amarilla 44.614 869.675
Vallenar 73.036 1.126.570
La Serena 29.519 796.965
La Higuera 19.663 393.664
Vicuña 30.728 892.639
Illapel 56.042 1.664.800
Canela 108.326 3.144.430
Los Vilos 81.353 2.156.190
Salamanca 70.692 1.943.340
Ovalle 150.412 3.996.610
Combarbalá 41.450 1.244.880
Monte Patria 43.236 1.238.420
Punitaqui 54.666 1.378.550
Río Hurtado 7.606 220.861
La Ligua 32.874 903.342
Petorca 42.553 1.219.210
Putaendo 11.859 327.428
Curacaví 23.414 588.005
Putre 7.315 395.725
Total 964.358 25.165.790
Source: Created by Sud Austral, 2015.
31
Map 4. Main communes with early stage of decline on land net primary productivity with high
risk of desertification. [Considers the 20 communes most affected in terms of loss of NLPP and
risk of desertification].
32
Table 10. Main communes with early stage of decline on land net primary productivity with
moderate risk of desertification. [Considers the 20 communes most affected in terms of loss
of NLPP and risk of desertification].
Commune name Surface (ha) Soil Organic Carbon at
risk (ton C)
Huara 44.157 891.619
Caldera 43.492 372.821
Alto del Carmen 51.605 1.122.130
Coquimbo 28.651 620.548
Paiguano 11.667 341.477
Casablanca 23.873 686.498
Cabildo 21.419 603.080
Colbún 2.478 325.259
Parral 9.954 773.307
San Fabián 4.489 552.805
Nueva Imperial 2.273 852.542
Padre las Casas 826 328.839
Ercilla 1.979 366.424
Laguna Blanca 3.987 338.595
San Gregorio 39.682 2.785.260
Colina 11.869 332.372
Lampa 16.682 335.225
Melipilla 21.064 590.671
Alhué 12.511 380.611
San Pedro 11.606 339.049
Total 364.271 12.939.132
Source: Created bySud Austral, 2015.
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Map 5. Main communes with early stage of decline on land net primary productivity with
moderate risk of desertification. [Considers the 20 communes most affected in terms of loss
of NLPP and risk of desertification].
A balance of increase and decrease in land productivity shows that approximately 2% of the
surface increases productivity at the national level. Geographically there is clear evidence that the
early stages of decline and decline in land net productivity is especially concentrated in the region
of Coquimbo and Atacama, today many of the communes corresponding to these regions are in
a state of agricultural emergency with high water deficit, product of the prolonged drought that
occurs in the area (see table 7 and map 6 for specific information).
Map 10. Dynamics in Land Net Primary Productivity (LNPP) Nationwide
35
6. Optional Section Six
Section 6 is optional. It might contain the following parts, if related information
is readily available at the national level:
Part 1: Presentation of the LDN national working group and key milestones
Part 2: Roles and responsibilities in implementing the LDN strategy
Part 3: Land management regulatory frameworks to be further enhanced
Part 4: Monitoring, Reporting, Evaluation and Verification
Part 5: Detailed financing plan
Part 1 aims at presenting THE LDN NATIONAL WORKING GROUP
COMPOSITION AND KEY EVENTS THAT MILESTONED THE LDN PLANNING
PROCESS
It can be articulated around the following sections:
Introductory statement explaining the importance and innovative character
of this group, who took the lead in establishing it and why.
Summary statement about the previous involvement of private sector,
science and civil society in land management planning. Why was this time
different and better?
Key views expressed by the different actors organized by type:
o Civil Society
o Science
o Private sector
o Government
Ministry of Environment
36
Ministry of Agriculture
Other ministries
A graphical arrow (vertical) with the key dates of the LDN National Working
Group planning process
A summary paragraph by the chair about the main innovative outcomes of
the process, with words about how the process may continue
Part 2 aims at presenting – WHO WILL DO WHAT, WHERE AND WHEN
It should provide an outline of the action plan towards LDN operational structure,
identifying for each element of the investment plan the following elements:
Ministry in charge
Implementing agency
Target beneficiaries (specifying number)
Target area of affected land (location and hectares)
Scientific support
Timeframe (starting date and duration)
Part 3 aims at presenting LEGAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK THAT WILL BE
PUT IN PLACE TO ENABLE THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE LDN TARGET WITHIN
THE NAP
This section should provide an overview of existing land management regulatory
frameworks and potential adjustments necessary to enforce LND. Reference to
existing land management regulatory frameworks should be already contained in
the NAP.
The information can be broken down as follows:
37
Existing laws and regulations
Eventual limitations faced in the law and regulations enforcement
Measures envisaged to overcome existing limitations
New laws and regulations needed
Timeframe to improve existing legal regulatory framework
Envisaged additional measures that will facilitate (or guarantee) the
enforcement of existing and enhanced legal regulatory framework
Part 4 aims at presenting THE LDN MONITORING, REPORTING, EVALUATION
AND VERIFICATION SYSTEM THAT WILL BE PUT IN PLACE
This section should present the basic scientific and administrative and financial
elements needed to set up a robust LDN information system for monitoring,
reporting, evaluation and transparent verification (LDN-MREV), capable of
detecting land degradation, monitoring progress in combating DLDD and
measuring progress towards LDN targets.
Up-dates of the 3 basic metrics (land cover/use changes; land productivity
dynamics and soil organic carbon content) every 4 years are required for tracking
progress. Voluntarily determined supplementary indicators can be included in the
MREV framework.
The LDN MREV description can specify the following:
Source of data
Method of data acquisition
Method of data processing
Periodicity
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Responsible agency
Operational organisation
Scientific support
Part 5 aims at presenting THE BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN FOR ACHIEVING
THE LDN TARGET
The presentation should remain simple and can be structured as follows:
Source of
funding
Name Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 ….. …. …. Year X
Internal 1
Internal 2
Internal …
Internal X
External 1
External…
External X
Regarding internal resources, the following categories can apply:
Regular fiscal budget
Targeted import taxes
Targeted export taxes
Special taxes (land, logging, mining, water, energy, etc…)
Special penalties
39
Income from appliance of pollutant payer principle
Payment for eco-systemic services (including internal carbon credits)
Agricultural price regulation
Public purchase
External resources can be classified by:
Grants
Loans
Income generated by the sell of carbon credits in the international markets
40
Back page
The back page should include the list of members of the LDN national working
group organized by type of community, with their names, qualification, institution
and functional title
Communities participating to LDN planning exercise are:
Government
Science
Business and industry
Civil society
Bottom banner should list the logos of the institutions participating in the LDN
national working group.