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REPUBLIC OF TURKEY. & İstanbul. MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK (1881-1938). ATATURK FOUNDED THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN 1923. He made many reforms and tried Turkey to integrate the Europe and world . He reconstructed all the educational , juridical and political base of Turkey . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

&stanbulREPUBLIC OF TURKEY ATATURK FOUNDED THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN 1923MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK (1881-1938)

He reconstructed all the educational, juridical and political base of Turkey.He made many reforms and tried Turkey to integrate the Europe and world.

TURKEY IS APARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACYIslam is the dominant religion of TurkeyThere are about 120,000 Christians, including an estimated 80,000Oriental Orthodox,35,000 Roman Catholics,5,000Greek Orthodox and smaller numbers ofProtestants, and about 26,000 people who are JewishTurkey is asecular statewith no officialreligionOFFICIAL LANGUAGE: TURKISHThe other big cities are :zmirBursaAdanaKonyaAntalya

CAPITAL CITY: ANKARATHE MOST CROWDED CITY: ISTANBULBULGARIA- GREECE-GEORGIA-ARMENIA-AZERBAIJAN-IRAN-IRAQ-SYRIATurkey is bordered by eight countries:MEDITERRANEAN SEA, AEGEAN SEA, BLACK SEATHE SEA OF MARMARATHE FOUR SEAS74,724,269POPULATIONTURKEY ABOLISHED POLYGAMY IN 1926TURKEYDOES NOT HAVE CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

TURKEY ACCEPTED LATIN ALPHABET IN 1928TURKISH LIRACURRENCYNOW TURKEY IS A CANDIDATE COUNTRY IN THE MEMBERSHIP OF EUROPEAN UNION

STANBULIstanbul is the largest city inTurkey constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of13.5 million, the city is among thelargest cities in the world.Istanbul is a transcontinental city, straddling theBosphorusone of the world's busiest waterwaysin northwestern Turkey, between theSea of Marmaraand theBlack Sea.

Its commercial and historical center lies in Europe, while a third of its population lives in Asia.

The population of the city has increased tenfold since the 1950s, as migrants from acrossAnatoliahave come to the metropolis .

Founded in around 660 BC asByzantium, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment asConstantinoplein 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires: theRoman Empire, theByzantine Empire, theLatin Empire, and theOttoman Empire.

Seven million foreign visitors arrived in Istanbul in 2010, when it was named aEuropean Capital of Culture, making the city the world's tenth-most-popular tourist destination.

Istanbul has two international airports, the larger of which isAtatrk International. Atatrk, located 24 kilometers west of the city center, is theeighth-busiest airport in Europe.

Sabiha Gken International Airport, 45 kilometers southeast of the city center, was opened in 2001.

Bosphorus

The Bosphorus divides the city into the European and Asian sides, linked by two magnificient bridges, spanning the continents. It is a charming place, known for its fish restaurants, and the walk up to the ruined fortress overlooking the village.

TheBosphorus Bridge, also called theFirst Bosphorus Bridge is one of the two bridges in Istanbul, connectingEurope andAsia. It was opened in 1973 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Republic.

TheFatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, is thesecond bosphorus bridge, is a bridge inIstanbul, spanning theBosphorusstrait. It was completed in 1988.

The Princes Islands

The picturesque scenery of wooded hills, charming beaches and authentic Ottoman mansions, combined with the tranquil atmosphere, make for a pleasant contrast to the city itself. Byk Ada, or Big Island is the most popular with visitors. No cars are allowed but you can take a trip in a horse and carriage to visit the Monastery of St. George.

TAKSM Taksim Squareis situated in theEuropeanpart ofIstanbul, is a major shopping, tourist and leisure district famed for its restaurants, pubs, discos, shops and hotels. It is considered the heart of modern Istanbul.

PERABeyoluis located on the European side, separated from the old city by theGolden Horn. It was known asPeraduring theMiddle Ages, and this name remained in common use until the early 20th century and the establishment of the Turkish Republic.

Maiden's TowerMaiden's Toweris a tower lying on a small islet located at 200m off the coast ofskdar. The interior of the tower has been transformed into a popular caf and restaurant. Private boats make trips to the tower several times a day. When you visit this tower, you will also learn the legends about the construction of the tower and its location.

Topkapi PalaceTopkapi Palaceis the symbol and the center of the Ottoman Empire. Overlooking Bosphorus and the Marmara sea, stands this amazing building that was the great palace of the Ottoman Sultans. The palace is a collection of buildings arranged around a series of courtyards and has incredible collections of jewels, China, pieces of Ottoman and Islamic artwork.

Saint SophieSaint Sophie, built by Constantin the Great, also known as the church of the Divine Wisdom was designed to show the strength and wealth of the Roman emperors. Once it was the greatest Christian church in the world.

Sultanahmet MosqueSultanahmet Mosque, is known as the Blue Mosque, because of its magnificient interior decorations of blue Iznik tiles. Outside of the mosque stands the turbe or the tomb of Sultan Ahmet. The Sultan was buried here along with his wife and three sons.

Basilica CisternBasilica Cistern, built in the fourth century, is one of the underground cisterns that riddle the foundations of the city. It has been extensively excavated and renovated and is worth visiting and exploring while listening to the tunes of classical music.

Suleymaniye MosqueSuleymaniye Mosquebuilt by Mimar Sinan, the great architect, and completed in just seven years is considered to be the most beautiful of all Imperial mosques in Istanbul. It dominates the skyline of the Golden Horn. Adjoining the mosque there are schools of theology, schools of Medicine, and a caravanserai.

Dolmabahce Palacewas built as a second residence to the Sultan Abdulmecid mid 19th century. The palace commands a nice view right on the Bosphorus and its gardens are very pretty, especially in spring and summer. The founder of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk died in this palace on November 10, 1938.

Dolmabahce Palace

Grand BazaarGrand Bazaar, the world's biggest covered historic Bazaar since 1461. It is one of the most famous spots of Istanbul, always filled with crowds who not only come to shop but to window-shop carpets, jewellery, leathers,handcrafts, home decoration items and many more.

Galata TowerGalata Toweris located in theGalataarea ofBeyoglu. Galata tower is one of the best vista points in Istanbul with sweeping views of the Golden Horn

Beylerbeyi PalaceBeylerbeyi Palaceis located on the Asian side of the Bosphorus slightly to the north of Dolmabahce Palace, right under the first bridge which connects Asia and Europe. Much smaller in size, the palace is a nice example of Ottoman architecture.