republic of yemen urban water supply and sanitati025n...

REPUBLIC OF YEMEN MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT

URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATI025N PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT

TAIZ GOVERNORATE

TAZCW 1 Rehabilitation of Water Network in Eastern Part ofTaiz

TAZCW2 Rehabilitation of Water Network in Western Part ofTaiz

TAZCW3 Rehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant and Extension

of Main Trunk line in Easter Taiz

TAZCW5 Rehabilitation and Extension of Sewerage System

August - September 2007

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E494 V8

REPUBLIC OF YElVIEN MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT

URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SAN ITA TI025N PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT

TAIZ GOVERNORATE

By: Amer A. AI-Ghorbany (M.Se)

August - September 2007

TABLE OF CONTENT

List of Abbreviations ............................................................................ III

List of Tables ................................................................................ IV

IN"TRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1

CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................. 2

1.1 Project Description .......................................................................... 3

1.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation.. . . . . ... ... ... . .. . ......................... 5

1.3 Public Consultation .......................................................................... 5

1.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ......................................................... 5

1.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures ..................................................... 8

1.6 Main Findings ............................................................................... .12

1.7 Recommendations .......................................................................... 12

1.8 Photographs ................................................................................. 13

CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................. 14

2.1 Project Description ......................................................................... 15

2.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation ........................................... .16

2.3 Public Consultation ......................................................................... 16

2.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ........................................................ 16

2.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures ..................................................... 19

2.6 Main Findings .............................................................................. .24

2.7 Recommendations ................. , ., ...................................................... 24

2.8 Photographs ......... '" .................................................................... 25

CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................... 26

3.1 Project Description ........................................................................ 27

3.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation ........................................... 29

3.3 Public Consultation ......................................................................... 29

I

3.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ........................................................ 29

3.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures .................................................. 33

3.6 Main Findings .................................. " ... , ............. ' ..... , .. , ............... 36

3.7 Recommendations. . . . . .. . ............................. , ................ , ................. .3 7

3.8 Photographs .............................................................................. ".38

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................. 41

4.1 Project Description ......................................................................... 42

4.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation ............... , .......................... ..4 3

4.3 Public Consultation ...................................................................... ..44

4.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ....................................................... .44

4.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures .................................................... .47

4.6 Main Findings ........... , ................................................................. 51

4.7 Recommendations .. , ........... , ........................................................... 51

4.8 Photographs ........................................ , .......... , ........................... 52

II

EIA

EMP

ESO

GoY

IDA

NWSA

Pill

PMU

UWSSP

WB

WWTP

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Environmental Impact Assessment

Enviroqmental Management Plan

Environmental Safety Officer

Government of Yemen

fu~rn~~n~D~cl~mem~eocy

National Water and Sanitation Authority

Project Implementation Unit

Project Management Unit

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project

World Bank

Wastewater Treatment Plant

III

REGISTER OF TABLES

Table 1.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed

Table 1.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction phase

Table 1.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures


Table 2.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Phase


Table 3.1: Scope of work and Work Executed




Table 4.2: Potential Negative Impacts During Construction Phase


IV

INTRODUCTION

The Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project (UWSSP) is one of the biggest projects

working in water and sanitation sector in Yemen. The project aims to provide efficient

and sustainable service to ensure environme~tal and social stability in accordance to the

Five Year Development Plan, the Millennium Development Goals and Poverty Reduction

Strategy.

The total cost of the project is approximately (US$150) million of which the approved

credit amount by the International Development Agency (IDA) -for phase (1)- is

approximately (US$130) million and the committed amount by the Government of

Yemen (GoY) is (US$20) million.

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project has included Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA), along with Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Mitigation

Program for civil works contracts signed by the project.

One of the overall objectives of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and

Mitigation Program is to ensure the possibility of correcting the planed measures to

mitigate adverse impacts. Many of these impacts have been foreseen, but the degree of

each impact may differ from the one expected.

This report summarizes the implementation progress of the Environmental Management

Plan and Mitigation Program for civil works contracts in Taiz governorate for months

August - September 2007. The report was prepared by Environmental and Safety Officer

(ESO) based on monthly progress reports of consulting companies supervising civil

works, meetings held with consulting firms, contractors, public and field visits to

construction sites.

Republic of Yemen

Ministry Of Water and Environment


CHAPTRER ONE

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR CONTRACT

NO: TAZCW-l

AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007

2

1.1 Project Description

-Project name: Rehabilitation of Water Network in Eastern Part ofTaiz

-Contract NO: T AZCW #1

-Name of the contractor: Arabian Trading Enterprises

- Name of the consulting firm: Stanley Consultant Inc.

- Location: Eastern Part of Taiz

-Contract description & performance

The project contract covers 4 main components as shown in table 1.1.

- Contract dates

• Commencement date: 25.05.2005

• Contract period: 18 months (547 days)

• Extension time awarded: 313 days

• % of work Executed: 91

For more information about contract 1, please refer to the Monthly Progress Report

(June-July2007).

3

I


Scope of work Work executed

1- Establishment of reinforcement ReselVoir #3 is complete with regard

concrete water reselVoir at Tha'abat to concrete work and water tightness

with capacity of 4000m3. . test for one of its 2 cells and the other

2- Establishment of reinforcement

concrete water reselVoir at Taiz

Water Supply and Sanitation Local

Corporation yard with capacity of

IS In process.

The second and final water tightness

test for reselVoir # 4 has passed.

• 6000 m3.

3- Construction of Water Pumping

station at the main yard including

supply and installation of three

centrifugal pumps and pertinent

• electromechanically equipment

- Painting work in progress

-Electrical and mechanical work in

progress.

-Landscaping in progress .

4- Replacement of deteriorated The contractor IS completing the

network In east part of Taiz installation of all secondary lines,

including supply and installation of risers, pipes and water meters at the

170.000 HDPE, 32.800 PVC and houses. Approximately 150 water

15.857 DI and 14.500 water meters. meters are being installed and most

I I

piping connections have been made

and disconnection points for the AI

Shamasi area have been made.

4

%

Complete

91

1.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation

All construction works on contract #1 are coordinated with governmental sector through

the information and provision of related authorities with drawings for locations and . . timings for schedule constructions works. However, closer consultation was done through

the existence of representative of related authorities. Such representatives included

representatives of:

I-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation

2-General Traffic Management

3-Taiz Local Electricity Authority

4-Taiz Local Communication Authority

1.3 Public Consultation

No large-scale public consultation or awareness campaigns were performed during the

project implementation. However, the PIU performed an adhoc consultation campaign by

talking with residents in construction areas.

1.4 Negative Environmental Impacts

Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the EIA study

are assessed in table 1.2.

5


I Issue

i

Public Safety

Noise and Construction

. Disturbance

Air Quality (excL dust)

Dust

Waste Soil Material

I

I Hydrogeology, Geology and

i Topology

i Fauna, Flora and Ecology

• Archaeology/Cultural

Heritage

OtT site works

Project offices

Material Stockp'les I

i Pre-Fabrication Yard

• Equipments Maintenance

and Cleaning

Borrow Pits

i

Degree of actual Impact

Impact

Potential injury and death Low

Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low

affect health

Nuisance value that may in extreme cases

affect health of general population. Low

Vulnerable groups could have much higher

I health threats. I

i Traffic on local dirt roads Moderate

Removal and disposal of non usable soil Low materials

• Negligible I Negligible

Negligible Negligible

Negligible Negligible

Access Not significant

Resources use, Access, Storage Low

i

Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial I Low waste disposal (especially oils). i

Potential scale of operation. Possibility for

numerous new sites. Access reqUlrements. Moderate

resource needs.

6

i

I

I Access and construction

traffic

Resource Use

I

i Water

Borrow material

Permanent Impacts

Land acquisition

Property take i

I Cultural Properties

Flora and Fauna

Malaria

i Dried Sludge

Population relocation and

settlement

Productive land loss

Employment loss

Flushing and Disinfection

Existing system

Flushing Existing Lines

Mix of heavy construction traffic and existing

traffic will be a potential source of accidents

Effect on existing resource users

Reduction in quantum of resources available

None

None

None

Minor

Threat to public health

Disposal of large volume of material

None

None

Negligible

Storage and use of hazardous chemicals.

Disposal of wastes and resources use

Maintenance of supplies during construction,

isolation of new systems from old, ensure

connection of all consumers, prevention of

return of illegal connections

Handing and disposal of flushing chemicals

7

Low I

Low

Low I

None

None I

None

Not significant

Not significant

Not applicable

I

None

None

None

Low

Low

Low

1.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures

As identified in the EIA study, the project may cause some negative impact to the

environment. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential

negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are

summarized in table 1.3.

8


,--~~ ----

Item Potential Negative Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implementation

Responsibility Situation --c~

Sewage from destroyed Contamination from proper Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary Contractor Not applicable

cesspit and households disposal of sewage disposal measures and waste dilution if

necessary. Cesspit Sampling. ,

Improved living Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be ESO in conjunction No Program was

conditions for malaria designed and implemented under the project with local malaria designed

Anopheles and health officials f--~ .

Dned wastewater Improper use and lack of ~ Sludge re-use policy study to be performed PIU Not applicable

sludge storage space and financed under the project

I Industrial pollution Contamination of urban Survey of Polluting Industries ESO Not applicable

environment and sewage

system ~-~

Effluent and influent ' Low quality wastewater Regular Sampling will be included in the Independent Not applicable

monitormg at WWTP mitigation measures sampling contractor ----

Soil & Ground Water Contamination soil and Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Contractor, Not applicable

groundwater in construction disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater independent sampling

areas and downstream of downstream of the WWTP and in the project contractor (lab tests)

WWTP area will be monitored to determine if

contamination has occurred ~~~

9

~~~

• Disturbance during Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m Contractor, Works restricted to

construction to 6 a.m. proper noise muffling devises, independent sampling daytime hours. No

traffic routing and monitoring contractor (lab tests) complaints received. r---~

Dust Disturbance during Use of dust suppression measures such as Contractor, Contractor sprayed

construction wetting, dust covers and speed restriction. independent sampling water on soil in

Monitoring will be carried out. contractor (lab tests) project areas. No

complaints received r-

Water use: on and off Water contamination. Contractors will be required to bring all water Contractor, Pill, Contractor using own

site Reduced public water level on site in tankers and only be allowed to fill TWSLC water sources. Water

their tankers at approved sites. Water storage use on site is minimal.

provisions must be made. !-----~~

Hazardous chemicals Improper disposal of Supply of proper training and safety gear. Contractor Contractor supplying

chemicals used to flush water Spill contingency plan training to workers.

lines Contractor disposing

chemicals at approved

sites

. Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical TWSLC, WWTP Concentration limited

capacity to treat Staff, Independent to WWTP's technical

sampling contractor capacity to treat

(lab tests) ~~~.--

10

-Medical Clinic Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in ;0 Unn "'''''''''''' "f)'

mJunes project areas that do not have easy access to

local facility

Public Consultation Unnecessary disruption of An extensive public consultation program will PIU Interviews with

affected communities continue to be undertaken, including the use residents in project's

of radio, TV, town meetings, and household area have been

surveys undertaken. No larger

scale interview

performed

I ESO & Infonnation Non-Compliance with An Environmental Safety Officer (£SO) will PIU, TWSLC ESO is contracted

Campaign Management Plan be hired to monitor mitigation measures and since Aug.2007

disseminate relevant information --------

i Environmental Non Compliance with Semi-annual reviews performed to examine ESO, with assistance To be implemented

Reviews Mitigation Plan compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory from WB

requirements, and to identify potential Environmental

environmental problems Specialist as part of

IDA supervision

mission

11

1.6 Main Findings

1- During site visit to the reservoirs # 3&4, it was noticeable that measures for

workers safety were not completely practiced. Although workers applied some

safety measures, other measures were neglected like wearing protective

helmets.

2- Stairs used to reach the roof of reservoir # 3&4 were not provided with side

protective bars. Stairs of reservoir 4 was not safely fixed with enough

supporting stands.

3- Reservoir 4, inside TWSLC, has open chamber that holds outlet pipes of the

reservoir. This chamber is not designed with a water exit which means that the

open chamber will be collecting water in each rain event. This shall create a

potential media for water transmitted diseases and also increase the corrodibility

of pipes inside the chamber.

4- No major areas of non-compliance with the Environmental Management Plan

were identified during the filed visit to contract #1.

5- Contractor's equipment was serviced in private workshop. Other restrictions

were applied to insure a full control over the oil and diesel change for

equipments. Such measures included the prohibition of providing motor-oil,

lubricants or diesel on site or outside the workshop.

1.7 Recommendations

1- It is highly recommended that a generator is used to pump the collected water in

the outlet chamber that holds pIpes coming out of reservoir #3. According to the

consultant, the generator is the most feasible method to get the water out of the

chamber and prevent the potential negative consequences of the water which will

be collected inside the chamber.

12

1.8 Photographs

Outlet Chamber where some unwanted water is already collected

13

Republic of Yemen



CHAPTRER TWO


NO: TAZCW-2


14


-Project name: Rehabilitation of Water Network in Western Part of Taiz

-Contract NO: TAZCW #2

-Name of the contractor: Kahlan Trading and Contracting Company


- Location: Western Part ofTaiz


The contract scope of work is mainly to replace the deteriorated water network in west

part of Taiz (see table

- Contract dates






(June-July2007).


Scope of work I

WOI'k executed % Complete

- Replacement of deteriorated All main and secondary lines are completed.

water network in western part The contractor is proceeding with the

ofTaiz. Supply and installation installation of the risers pipes and water meters.

of about 289,239 m of pipes Approximately 150 water meters are bemg 89

• and 16,000 of water meters. installed daily. A large area in the western part

ofTaiz has been disconnected

15


Coordination between the PIU and governmental sector was mainly achieved through

representatives of main related authorities which are:






Public consultation is undertaken during the project implementation through an adhoc

conversation with citizens in construction area. However, no large-scale public

consultation was performed.


Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the ElA study


16


Issue

Public Safety

I Noise and Construction

Disturbance

Air Quality (excl. dust)

• Dust

Waste Soil Material

Hydrogeology, Geology and

Topology

Fauna, Flora and Ecology

Archaeology/Cultural Heritage

. OfT site wo.·ks I

Project offices

Material Stockpiles

Pre-Fabrication Yard

Equipments Maintenance and

Cleaning

Borrow Pits

Impact

Potential injury and death


affect health

Nuisance value that may In extreme cases

affect health of general population.

Vulnerable groups could have much higher

health threats.

Traffic on local dirt roads

Removal and disposal of non usable soil

materials

Negligible

Negligible

Negligible

Negligible

Access

Resources use, Access, Storage

I Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial

waste disposal (especially oils).


numerous new sites. Access requirements.

Water resource needs.

17

Degree of actual

Impact

Low

Low

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Negligible

Negligible

Negligible

Negligible

Not significant !

Low

Low

Moderate

Access and construction traffic Mix of heavy construction traffic and existing

i Low traffic will be a potential source of accidents

Resource Use

Water • Effect on existing resource users Low

Low !

Borrow material Reduction in quantum of resources available J

i Permanent Impacts

Land acquisition None None

I Property take None None

I Cultural Properties None None I

I Flora and Fauna Minor Not significant

i • Not significant Malaria Threat to public health

Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable

• Population relocation and None None

settlement

Productive land loss None None

Employment loss Negligible None

Low

Flushing and Disinfection Storage and use of hazardous chemicals.

Disposal of wastes and resources use

Existing system Maintenance of supplies during construction, Low

isolation of new systems from old, ensure

connection of all consumers, prevention of

return of illegal connections

I Flushing Existing Lines I Handing and disposal of flushing chemicals Low

18



environment. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential . . negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are


19


---

Item Potential Negative Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implementation

Responsibility Situation

Sewage from destroyed Contamination from proper Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary Contractor Not applicable

cesspit and households disposal of sewage disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary.

Cesspit Sampling. ---

Improved living Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be designed ESO conjunction No Program was

conditions for malaria and implemented under the project with local malaria and designed

Anopheles health officials --- --

Dried wastewater I Improper use and lack of Sludge re-use policy study to be performed and PIU Not applicable

I sludge storage space financed under the project

Industrial pollution Contamination of urban Survey of Polluting Industries ESO Not applicable

environment and sewage

system --- !---- .

I Effluent and influent Low quahty wastewater Regular Sampling will be included in the Independent sampling Not applicable

monitoring at WWTP mitigation measures contractor

Soil & Ground Water Contamination soil and Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Contractor, Not applicable

groundwater in construction disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater independent sampling

areas and downstream of downstream of the WWTP and in the project area contractor (lab tests)

WWTP will be monitored to determine if contamination

has occurred -

20

Noise Disturbance during Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m to Contractor, Works restricted

construction 6 a.m. proper noise muffling devises, traffic independent sampling to daytime

routing and monitoring contractor (lab tests) hours. No

complaints

received. r--~ ~--~~

. Dust Disturbance during Use of dust suppression measures such as Contractor, No complaints

cons truction wetting, dust covers and speed restriction. independent sampling received

Monitoring will be carried out. contractor (lab tests)

Water use: on and off ! Water contamination. i Contractors will be required to bring all water on Contractor, PIU, Contractor usmg

. site Reduced public water level site in tankers and only be allowed to fill their TWSLC own water

tankers at approved sites. Water storage sources. Water

provisions must be made. use on site is

mmimal. I r--=~:::~ ~----- ~-- ~---~

Hazardous chemicals Improper disposal of Supply of proper training and safety gear. Spill Contractor Contractor

chemicals used to flush water contingency plan supplying

lines training to

workers.

Contractor

disposing

chemicals at

21

-----

approved sites ,

---

Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical TWSLC, WWTP Staff, Concentration I

capacity to treat Independent sampling limited to

contractor (lab tests) WWTP's

technical

capacity to treat

Medical Clinic Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in project ESO Unnecessary

injuries areas that do not have easy access to local facility

Public Consultation Unnecessary disruption of An extensive public consultation program will PIU Interviews with

affected communities continue to be undertaken, including the use of residents in

radio, TV, town meetings, and household surveys project's area

have been

undertaken. No

larger scale

interview

performed

ESO & Information Non-Compliance with An Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) will be PIU, TWSLC ESO is

Campaign Management Plan hired to monitor mitigation measures and contracted since

disseminate relevant information Aug.2007 -------

22

En vironmental

Reviews

Non Compliance with

Mitigation Plan

Semi-annual reviews performed to examine

compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory

requirements, and to identify potential

environmental problems

23

ESO, with assistance

from WB

Environmental

Specialist as part of

IDA supervision

mlSSlon

To be

implemented

2.6 Main Findings

1. It was noticed that the some of the open trenches were left with remainings of

the excavation works in place without safety sings and tapes. Such trenches

were noticed in main roads which disturb the traffic and form a hazard to

drivers and pedestrians especially during night hours.

2. Noise was limited to working hours and no complains were received from

civilians against the contractor as project works were primarily implemented

during daytime hours.

3. No complaints were filled against dust disturbance.

4. As outlined in the EMP, the public was warned from open trenches through

the use of security tapes and signs. This method proved to be effective in

warning public from open trenches, however, in many cases these tapes and

signs are removed by children or stolen -especially during night hours- due to

the large area of the project which unable working staff from preventing the

removal of these tapes and sings.

5. ESO field visit for contract #2 came during the preliminary handing over of

the project. So it should be mentioned that this report is based mainly on

observations made for the very limited remaining construction sites.

2.7 Recommendations

1. Although incidences of removing warnmg tapes occurred, more attention

should be given to the safety issues by insuring the provision of warning tapes

and sings in the remaining construction sites, especially in construction sites

on the main roads and during nighttimes.

24

2.8 Photographs

Open Trenches where no safety measures applied

25

Republic of Yemen



CHAPTRER THREE


NO: TAZCW-3


26

I


-Project name: Rehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant and Extension of Main Trunk Line in Eastern Taiz


-Name of the contractor: N AI Rehab & IEE


- Location: Taiz city


The project contract covers 6 main components as shown in table 3.1.

- Contract dates






(June-J uly2007).

Table 3.1: Scope of work and Work Executed

Scope of work Work executed % Complete

1- Supply and installation of sewer mam Most of the 98

line about 480m of ON 500mm UPVC, concrete works for and construction of about 57 manholes. the Line 'P' sewage

pumping station is completed and the associated Line 'P' 200mm and 250mm

. discharge lines in Wadi AI-Qadi

i Street are 95%

completed.

27

2- Supply and installation of about 2200m UPVC pipe of DN 150mm including of about 220 on site Manholes for house connection.

3- Alternative Option: 782m DN 300mm from Wadi AI-Qadi pressure mam, pumping station generator and civil work.

4- Rehabilitation of the waste water treatment ponds in Al Borayhi including the following:

a. Provisional modification, O&N of the manholes between ponds

b. Removal of about 190000m3 wastewater above sludge in the ponds

c. Removal of about 300,000m3 of settled sludge from the ponds to the dry beds

d. Transport of about 300,000m3 of dry sludge from the drying beds to a stockpile on the site

e. Replacement of worn stockpile

5- Grit Chamber

6- Parshall Flume

28

98


Coordination with governmental sector was mainly done through the existing representative of related authorities. These people represent local authorities of:






Public were mainly consulted during the project implementation by informing them about

the project activities and responding to their opinions and complaint However, no large

scale public consultation was performed.




29

Table 3.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Pbase

General Impacts

Issue Impact Degree of actual I Impact i

Public Safety Potential injury and death Low

\ Noise and Construction Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Moderate Disturbance affect health

Air Quality (excL dust Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low affect health of general population .

. Vulnerable groups could have much i higher health threats.

Dust I Traffic on local dirt roads Low

Waste Soil Material Removal and disposal of non usable soil Low materials

Hydrogeology, Geology and Negligible Negligible Topology

. Fauna, Flora and Ecology Effect on local flora and ecology Low

. Archaeology/Cultural Heritage Negligible Negligible

i .... -I Off site works

i

I Project offices Negligible Negligible i

I Material Stockpiles Access Not significant

I Pre-Fabrication Yard I Resources use, Access, Storage Low

i

I I i Equipments Maintenance and Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial Low I Cleaning waste disposal (especially oils).

I Borrow Pits Potential scale of operation. Possibility for Low numerous new sites. Access requirements. Water resource needs.

Access and construction traffic Mix of heavy construction traffic and I Low existing traffic will be a potential source of accidents i

30

I Resource Use I

i

I Water . Effect on existing resource users Low

Borrow material Reduction in quantUm of resources

I Not significant

available

· Permanent Impacts

Land acquisition None None !

Property take None None

Cultural Properties None None

I Flora and Fauna Minor Low

! Malaria Threat to public health Significant

Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable

Population relocation and None None settlement

! Productive land loss None None

I

I Employment loss Negligible

I

None

31

Table 3.2 (Cont.) Impacts Related to Sanitary Projects

Phase/ Issue Impact Degree of actual Impact I

Construction Impact

Cesspit Removal Threat to public health from Moderate the opening of the pit including odour nuisance,

· access to 20 m deep holes, traffic, etc.

Removal and disposal of the Low waste materials from the pits.

I ! Scale of import of fill and Low i source to fill

Collection, handing and Moderate · disposal of waste generated · by households disconnected

l from theIr dIsposal system. ----I---· __ ·_· ____ L_· ____ ·~

Wastewater Disposal

Use of Sludge and Treated Water at WWTP

i

Soil Contamination

Traffic Dismptions

Local Access

Fly dumping of cesspit wastes

Project is unlikely to alter the composition of wastes used by farmers at WWTP

Potentially extensive workforce contact with contaminated materials and casual public access (esp. children)

Temporary, partial and full closure of sections of Taiz road network

Interference with property

,• access, neighbourhood

access and access to special

32

Low

i

! Moderate I

i Significant

I

Lo'

Moderate

sites, (schools, mosques and !

such like) or other public buildings.

i

I Operation phase

Use of Existing Sewer Capability of existing lines Significant

lines to receive newly co llected sewage

Use of Existing Treatment Additional volume will not Moderate

Plant significantly add to overloading

Social Impacts Migration and Social Low Organization. Negligible

income and Employment.

Housing and Urban Promote new housing and Significant Development urban development or area

I redevelopment






33


-~" --- -~ ---- -- ---

I lItem Potential Negative Implementation Implementation Impact Mitigation Measures

Responsibility Situation ----,

New sewer system Contamination from Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary l Sewage from destroyed proper disposal of disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary. Contractor

is operated before c~sspit and households sewage Cesspit Sampling.

cesspit wastes became a problem.

I Improved living Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be designed and

ESO in conjunction No Program was

conditions for with local malaria and Anopheles

malaria implemented under the project health officials

designed

Dried wastewater Improper use and lack of Sludge re-use policy study to be perfonned and PIU

No re-use policy is sludge st()rage space financed under the project developed yet

~----.----.

Contamination of urban ESO No implemented

Industrial pollution environment and sewage Survey of Polluting Industries system

yet

Effluent and influent Low quality wastewater

Regular Sampling will be included in the mitigation Independent sampling Not implemented

monitoring at WWTP measures contractor I Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Workers trained

Contamination soil and disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater Contractor, and clothed

groundwater in Soil & Ground Water

construction areas and downstream of the WWTP and in the project area independent sampling Properly. No

downstream ofWWTP will be monitored to detennine if contamination has contractor (lab tests) sampling program occurred implemented

---

Works restricted Disturbance during

Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m to 6 Contractor, to daytime hours.

Noise construction

a.m. proper noise muffling devises, traffic routing independent sampling No complaints

and monitoring contractor (lab tests) received. Contractor

Disturbance during Use of dust suppression measures such as wetting, Contractor, sprayed water on

Dust dust covers and speed restriction. Monitoring will independent sampling project area. No construction

be carried out. contractor (lab tests) complaints received

--

34

-

Water contamination. Contractors will be required to bring all water on Contractor using

Water use: on and off Reduced public water

site in tankers and only be allowed to fill their Contractor, PIU, own water site

level tankers at approved sites. Water storage provisions TWSLC sources. Water use must be made . on site is minimal. . ~

. Improper disposal of I Supply of proper training and safety gear. Spill Hazardous chemicals chemicals used to flush

contingency plan Contractor Not applicable

water lines

Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical TWSLC, WWTP Staff,

I capacity to treat Independent sampling Not applicable contractor (lab tests)

Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in project Unnecessary due

Medical Clinic ESO to the existence of inJunes areas that do not have easy access to local facility

public clinics. I

f---.

Interviews with residents in

Unnecessary disruption An extensive public consultation program will project's area have

Public Consultation continue to be undertaken, including the use of PIU been undertaken. of affected communities

radio, TV, town meetings, and household surveys No larger scale interview

,.- performed

ESO & Information Non·Compliance with . An Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) will be

ESO is contracted hired to monitor mitigation measures and PIU, TWSLC

Campaign Management Plan disseminate relevant information

since Aug.2007 ~. -

ESO, with assistance Semi·annual reviews performed to examine fromWB

Environmental Non Compliance with compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory Environmental To be Reviews Mitigation Plan requirements, and to identify potential Specialist as part of implemented

environmental problems IDA supervision mission

35

3.6 Main Findings

1 ~ Sludge removed from treatment ponds is piled inside the WWTP and no plan for reusing the sludge is developed yet.

2- Illegal pumping of wastewater is tacking place near WWTP for influent as farmers intentionally damage the sewer pipes and pump untreated wastewater to their farms for irrigation which pose a risk on public health as some of these farms produce vegetables.

3- In the construction site of the pump station in Wadi A1 Qadi, some safety measure like using warning sings and tapes are not applied.

4- According to the local residents, odour is emitted out of manholes and inspection chambers due to the use of metal covers that are designed with ventilation wholes.

5~ Some concerns are raised about the possibility of erosion of the piled sludge to the treatment ponds.

6- No study is performed to reveal degree of effect of the WWTP on health of residents living near the WWTp, example number of malaria cases.

7- Potential risk that is posed on public due to the consumption of vegetables that are irrigated by untreated wastewater is not known.

36

3.7 Recommendations

1- A malaria expert should be hired -as recommended in the Environmental Management Plan- to design a malaria abatement program for Taiz. This should be done in cooperation with National Malaria Control Program. Attention should be given to area near treatment plant.

2- Measures should be taken to prevent the illegal pumping of untreated wastewater to farms near WWTP.

3- A study should be performed -as outline in the Environmental Management Planto identify potential users of the piled sludge. Main potential users are Local Agriculture Office - who may use sludge as fertilizers for public parks- and local farmers.

4- The TWSSLC is encouraged to regularly analyze effluent leaving the WWTP to determine the suitability of treated wastewater to be disposed of to wadis near the WWTP.

5- It is recommended that TWSSLC -in coordination with a research institute- to perform a study on the degree of hazard to public health that result from using untreated wastewater in irrigation.

6- There is a need to build the capacity of the environmental unit of TWSSLC, in order to be able to follow up day by day the environmental concerns of according to theEMP.

7- It is recommended that a completely solid covers are used for inspection champers to avoid the emission of unwanted odour. This should be considered when designing future sewer systems.

37

3.8 Photographs

Remaining Construction sites where safety measures are missing

38

Piles of sludge inside Taiz WWTP

39

Upper photo: access of animals to the WWTP

Pipe for pumping untreated wastewater used by local farmers

40

Republic of Yemen



CHAPTRER Four


NO: TAZCW-5


41


-Project name: Rehabilitation and Extension of Sewerage System


-Name of the contractor: Kahlan Trading and Contracting Company


- Location: Taiz city


The project contract covers 3 main components as shown in table 4.1. All sewer lines are

ready for handing over. This contract is substantially completed and in many cases the

residents have already connected the system.

- Contract dates






(J une-July2007).

42


Scope of work Work executed

1- Supply and installation of Lines and manholes are

about 22km sewer mam DN ready for hand over.

500-200 mm UPVC pipe

including construction of about

600 manholes.

2- Supply and installation of Lines and

about l3 km sewer of DN 150 chambers are

mm UPVC pipe for house hand over

connections with about 1.300

inspection chamber.

inspection

ready for

3 - About 35km of sewer Lines are ready for hand

over

4.2Governmental Coordination & Consultation

% Completed

98

Coordination with governmental sector was done through the provision of information

about the project working locations and timing for construction and excavation works to

the related authorities. Coordination was mainly implemented through representative of

related authorities that appointed as permanent coordinators with the project.

Representatives included the local authorities:

1-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation




43


Public were mainly consulted during the project implementation by informing them about

the project activities and responding to their opinions and complai!1t. However, no large

scale public consultation was performed.





General Impacts

Issue Impact Degree of actual

Impact

Public Safety Potential injury and death Low

N-o-is-e-an-d-C-o-n-s-tr-u-c-t-io-n----r-N-u-l-·s-an-c-e-va-I--u-e-t-h-at-m-a-y--in-e-x-tr-e-m-e-c-a-s-e-s-+---M-o-'d-e-ra-te---1

Disturbance affect health I

Air Quality (excl. dust

Dust

Waste Soil Material


affect health of general population.

Vulnerable groups could have much

higher health threats.

Traffic on local dirt roads

Removal and disposal of non usable soil

Low

Low

Low

l I materials

Hydrogeology, GeOIOgYand-TNegITglbIe----·--·---··-------:-I--Negilg;b-Ie---

: Topology I i I Fauna, Flora and Ecology Negligible 1 Negligible

J

44

Archaeology/Cultural Heritage

Off site works

Project offices

• Material Stockpiles

Pre-Fabrication Yard

Equipments Maintenance and

i Cleaning

Borrow Pits

Access and construction traffic

Resource Use

. Water

Borrow material

Permanent Impacts

Land acquisition

Property take

I Cultural Properties

Flora and Fauna

I Malaria

Negligible

Negligible

Access

Resources use, Access, Storage

Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial

waste disposal (especially oils).


numerous new sites. Access requirements.

Water resource needs.

Mix of heavy construction traffic and

existing traffic will be a potential source

of accidents

Effect on existing resource users

Reduction in quantum of resources

available

None

Minor

. Threat to public health

45

I Negligible

Negligible

Not significant

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Low

I Low I

Low

None

None

None

Not significant

Negligible

I Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable I I

Population relocation and None None

settlement

Productive land loss None None

I

Employment loss Negligible None I

J

Table 4.2 (Cont.) Impacts Related to Sanitary Projects

Phase/ Issue Impact Degree of actual

Impact

Construction Impact

.-~-.. - ~~~

Cesspit Removal Threat to public health from the Moderate

opening of the pit including odor

nuisance, access to 20 m deep holes,

traffic, etc.

Removal and disposal of the waste Low

materials from the pits.

Scale of import of fill and source to Low

fill

Collection, handing and disposal of Low

waste generated by households

disconnected from their disposal

system.

Wastewatel" Disposal Fly dumping of cesspit wastes Low

Use of Sludge and Treated Project is unlikely to alter the

Water at WWTP i composition of wastes used by

Not app It cab Ie]

I

46

I farmers at WWTP

Soil Contamination Potentially extensive workforce Significant

contact with contaminated materials

and casual public access (esp.

children)

Traffic Disruptions Temporary, partial and full closure Low

of sections of Taiz road network

Local Access Interference with property access, Low

neighbourhood access and access to

special sites, (schools, mosques and

such like) or other public buildings.

Operation phase

Use of Existing Sewer Capability of existing lines to receive Significant

lines newly collected sewage

Use of Existing Treatment Additional volume will not Moderate

Plant significantly add to overloading

Social Impacts Migration and Social Organization. Low

Negligible income and Employment.

Housing and Urban Promote new housing and urban Significant

Development development or area redevelopment






47


---

Item Potential Negative Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Implementation

Responsibility Situation

Sewage from destroyed Contamination from proper Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary

disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary. Contractor Not applicable , cesspit and households disposal of sewage I Cesspit Sampling. L

Improved living Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be designed

ESO in conjunction No Program was

conditions for with local malaria and malaria and implemented under the project designed

Anopheles health officials I

Dried wastewater Improper use and lack of Sludge re-use policy study to be performed and i

PIU Not applicable sludge storage space financed under the project

Contamination of urban I

Industrial pollution environment and sewage Survey of Polluting Industries ESO Not identified

system .

Effluent and influent Regular Sampling will be included in the Independent sampling

monitoring at WWTP Low quality wastewater

mitigation measures Not applicable

contractor

I Proper clothing and worker education. Proper I

Contamination soil and disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater Contractor,

Soil & Ground Water groundwater in construction

downstream of the WWTP and in the project area independent sampling Not applicable areas and downstream of

will be monitored to determine if contamination contractor (lab tests) WWTP

has occurred -

48

Works restricted

Disturbance during Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m to Contractor, to daytime

Noise 6 a.m. proper noise muffling devises, traffic independent sampling hours. No construction

routing and monitoring contractor (lab tests) complaints

received. I-I Use of dust suppression measures such as Contractor,

lDUst Disturbance during

wetting, dust covers and speed restriction. independent sampling No complaints

cons tructi on received Monitoring will be carried out. contractor (lab tests)

Contractor using

I Water use: on and off

Contractors will be required to bring all water on own water

Water contamination. site in tankers and only be allowed to fill their Contractor, PIU, . sources. Water

I site Reduced public water level tankers at approved sites. Water storage TWSLC use on site is

provisions must be made. I minimal.

1-- - - - ~-- ---~-- .---- -- -Improper disposal of

Hazardous chemicals chemicals used to flush water Supply of proper training and safety gear. Spill

Contractor Not applicable

lines contingency plan

Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical TWSLC, WWTP Staff,

capacity to treat Independent sampling Not applicable

I contractor (lab tests)

-

~~dical Clinic Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in project ESO Unnecessary --

49

~ -

InJunes areas that do not have easy access to local facility -

Interviews with

residents in

An extensive public consultation program will project's area

Unnecessary disruption of have been Public Consultation continue to be undertaken, including the use of PID

affected communities undertaken. No radio, TV, town meetings, and household surveys

larger scale

interview

performed -

An Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) will be ESO is ESO & Information Non-Compliance with

~ampaign hired to monitor mitigation measures and PIU, TWSLC contracted since

Management Plan disseminate relevant information Aug.2007

ESO, with assistaI!ce

Semi-annual reviews performed to examine from WB

I Environmental Non Compliance with compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory Environmental To be

I R . Mitigation Plan requirements, and to identify potential Specialist as part of implemented eVIews

environmental problems IDA supervision

mISSIon -

50

4.6 Main Findings

1. According to the local residents, odour is emitted out of manholes and

inspection chambers due to the use of metal covers th~t are designed with

ventilation wholes.

2. Connecting the new sewer system with the old system in Kelabah area is not

completed yet which resulted in wastewater flooding out to the street at least

in one point.

3. No major areas of non-compliance with the Environmental Management Plan

were identified during the filed visit to contract #5.

4.7 Recommendations

1. More coordination with TWSSLC is required to avoid unnecessary flooding

of wastewater in at least one manhole due to the delay in connecting new

sewer system with the old one.

2. A malaria expert should be hired under the project to design a malaria

abatement program for Taiz as stated in the Environmental Management Plan.

This should be done in cooperation with National Malaria Control Program.

Especial attention should be given to area that the contract couldn't implement

the sewer system due to the hard topography.

3. It is recommended that a completely solid covers are used for inspection

champers to avoid the emission of unwanted odour. This minor impact should

be considered when designing future sewer systems.

51

4.8 Photographs

Upper photo: The Manhole where the old and new sewage network should be connected

~ "i!;""'. - '.

Parts of the network that was cancelled due to the hard topography

52

republic of yemen urban water supply and sanitati025n...

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