resafe resafe life (2014-2016) partner csic (cebas-csic) july, murcia (spain), 2014 project life12...

RESAFE RESAFE LIFE (2014-2016)

PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC)PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC)July, Murcia (Spain), 2014July, Murcia (Spain), 2014

Project LIFE12 ENV/IT/000356“Innovative fertilizer from urban waste,

bio-chard and farm residues as substitute of chemical fertilizers" (RESAFE)

CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, Spain)Spain)

CSIC

Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura

OUR INSTITUT: CEBAS

CEBASCEBAS

CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIOCAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO

Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC)Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC)The modern building off ers the scientists modern

laboratories, new culture chambers and pilot plants suited

to the expanded research lines of CEBAS (BASIC AND

APPLIED RESEARCH).

CEBAS LABORATORIESGROWTH CHAMBERS

PILOT PLANT

EXPERIMENTAL FIELD

Dr. Carlos GarciaDr. Carlos GarciaDra. Teresa HernándezDr. J. MorenoDr. Felipe BastidaLcda. Mª Dolores CollLcda. Carmen ChocanoDña. Irene PiñeraD. Alberto Lucas

CEBAS-CSIC (RESAFE)CEBAS-CSIC (RESAFE)

RESAFE (LIFE PROJECT)RESAFE (LIFE PROJECT)

Biotic communityBiotic community

ClimateClimate

Lithological materialLithological material

TopographyTopography

SOILSOIL

ORGANIC MATTER: i) A source of nutrients ORGANIC MATTER: i) A source of nutrients for plants.ii) Water retention; iii) Buffer for plants.ii) Water retention; iii) Buffer action; iv) Control of cation exchange; v) action; iv) Control of cation exchange; v) Reduction of pollutant toxic effects; vi) Reduction of pollutant toxic effects; vi) Improvement of soil aggregationImprovement of soil aggregation

ORGANIC MATTER IMPROVES CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL ORGANIC MATTER IMPROVES CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SOIL PROPERTIESAND BIOLOGICAL SOIL PROPERTIES

SOILSOIL AND AND ORGANIC MATTERORGANIC MATTER

ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR SOILSORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR SOILS

IMPORTANT ASPECTS ABOUT ORGANIC AMENDMENTS-FERTILIZERS

1) QUANTITY OF POLLUTANTS (HEAVY METALS, SALINITY, PATHOGENS…)

2) WHERE AND HOW IT SHOULD BE USED

1)1) Mixtures between some organic materials. Added value: VAP Mixtures between some organic materials. Added value: VAP addition (Vegetable active principles, VAP)addition (Vegetable active principles, VAP)

2) STABILIZATION PROCESS WITHOUT TURNING CYCLES2) STABILIZATION PROCESS WITHOUT TURNING CYCLES

RESAFE PROJECTSRESAFE PROJECTS

RESAFE: Compost, biocharRESAFE: Compost, biochar

EDAPHIC BIOSTIMULANT

To increase micror-ganisms such as aero- bic bacteria, micorri-zation,…

To increase metabolic activity in the Soil (Soil Respiration)

SOIL BIOLOGICAL QUALITYSOIL BIOLOGICAL QUALITY

To increase soil To increase soil quality, fertility andquality, fertility andproductivityproductivity

ORGANICS FOR SOIL-PLANT ORGANICS FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMSYSTEM

WHAT CEBAS-CSIC GROUP DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT??WHAT CEBAS-CSIC GROUP DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT??

ACTION B3 B5:ACTION B3 B5: IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS. IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS. DEMOSTRATION of HQORBP production at (pilot) semi-industrial scale.DEMOSTRATION of HQORBP production at (pilot) semi-industrial scale.DEMOSTRATION OF AGRICULTURE APPLICATION IN SPAINDEMOSTRATION OF AGRICULTURE APPLICATION IN SPAIN

ACTION C4 and C6. ACTION C4 and C6. Monitoring of environmental benefit of agriculture application in SpainMonitoring of environmental benefit of agriculture application in SpainMonitoring of thecnical-socio-economic assesment Monitoring of thecnical-socio-economic assesment

ACTION D. COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION ACTIONS D2, D3, D4, ACTION D. COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION ACTIONS D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D9, D10, D11, D12:D5, D6, D7, D9, D10, D11, D12: Communication and dissemination actions Communication and dissemination actions

ACTION E1:ACTION E1: Coordination Coordination

CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFECEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE

RESAFERESAFE: Soil fertility. The RESAFE Project will demonstrate the production and use of fertilizers characterised by reduced salinity in order to substitute chemicals and mineral fertilizers trough a techological route based on urban organic waste, biochard and farm organic residues processing.

ACTIONSACTIONS FOR RESAFE FOR RESAFEIN SPAIN IN SPAIN

ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES (CEBAS-CSIC):ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES (CEBAS-CSIC):

On organic materials and organic fertilizers: Italy, Spain On organic materials and organic fertilizers: Italy, Spain and Cyprus (B1, B2 and B3)and Cyprus (B1, B2 and B3)

ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY CEBASACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY CEBAS

NationNation SampleSample CodeCode

CyprusCyprus Urban Organic Waste (Green Waste)Urban Organic Waste (Green Waste) CY-UOWCY-UOW

CyprusCyprus Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure)Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure) CY-FORCY-FOR

ItalyItaly BiocharBiochar IT-BCIT-BC

ItalyItaly Urban Organic Waste (Compost)Urban Organic Waste (Compost) IT-UOWIT-UOW

ItalyItaly Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure)Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure) IT-FORIT-FOR

SpainSpain BiocharBiochar ES-BCES-BC

SpainSpain Urban Organic Waste (Compost)Urban Organic Waste (Compost) ES-UOWES-UOW

SpainSpain Farm Organic Residue (Horse Manure)Farm Organic Residue (Horse Manure) ES-FORES-FOR

RESAFERESAFE: Soil fertility. The RESAFE Project will demonstrate the production and use of fertilizers characterised by reduced salinity in order to substitute chemicals and mineral fertilizers trough a techological route based on urban organic waste, biochard and farm organic residues processing.

CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSISCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSISM

AT

ER

IALS

INF

OR

MA

TIO

N

ANALYSIS SAMPLES (RESAFE)ANALYSIS SAMPLES (RESAFE)

RESAFE PROJECT IN SPAIN RESAFE PROJECT IN SPAIN

LaboratoriesLaboratories(CEBAS-CSIC)(CEBAS-CSIC)

Controlled Controlled growthgrowth

chamberschambers

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

14,00

pH

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

14,00

mS

/cm

EC

RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)

pH pH values: 6-8. These values arevalues: 6-8. These values aretypical for organic amendments.typical for organic amendments.Only BIOCHAR showed a pH values Only BIOCHAR showed a pH values in the basic range (10-12).in the basic range (10-12).

ECEC showed values between 2-6 mS/cm. showed values between 2-6 mS/cm. BIOCHAR showed the lowest EC valuesBIOCHAR showed the lowest EC values

0,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,0080,00

%Ashes

0,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,00

%

VOM

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

g/10

0g

Total Nitrogen

0,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,00

g/10

0g

Organic Carbon


All organic materials (UOW and FOR) showed organic matter (organic carbon) All organic materials (UOW and FOR) showed organic matter (organic carbon) Between 15-50%; and total nitrogen (1--5%).Between 15-50%; and total nitrogen (1--5%).BIOCHAR showed the highest organic C content, but this material has an BIOCHAR showed the highest organic C content, but this material has an OM quality different to the other wastes (stabilized organic matter)OM quality different to the other wastes (stabilized organic matter)

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

g/10

0gTotal Elments

Al (g/100g)

Fe (g/100g)

Mg (g/100g)

Na (g/100g)

P (g/100g)

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

100,00

mg/

Kg

Total Elements

B (mg/Kg)

Ni (mg/Kg)

Pb (mg/Kg)

Se (mg/Kg)

Tl (mg/Kg)

0,00

100,00

200,00

300,00

400,00

500,00

600,00

700,00

800,00

mg/

Kg

Total Elements

Zn (mg/Kg)

Sr (mg/Kg)

Cu (mg/Kg)

Mn (mg/Kg)

Ti (mg/Kg)

Cr (mg/Kg) 0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

mg/

Kg

Total Elements

V (mg/Kg)

Bi (mg/Kg)

Li (mg/Kg)

Mo (mg/Kg)

SOIL ENZYMES versus SOIL FERTILITYSOIL ENZYMES versus SOIL FERTILITY•Enzymes are proteins which have a key role in soil functionality.

•They are involved in the main cycles of elements such as C, N, P and S. A lot of

processes in soil are carried out by enzymes (degradation of organic wastes,

oxidation of organic matter, …).

•Soil enzymes can be bioindicators of the potential of a soil to carry out specific

biochemical reactions in order to maintain soil fertility.

EEEE

EE

EEEE + S + S EE-S-S EE + +

PP

Células vivasCélulas vivasEnzyme-substract complexEnzyme-substract complex

(soluble or not soluble)(soluble or not soluble)

EE

EE

Not proliferant cellsNot proliferant cells

Dead cells and Dead cells and cellularcellularwasteswastes

EE

EEEE

EE

EE

EE

EE

EEArcillas y coloides húmicosArcillas y coloides húmicos

Burns, 1982Burns, 1982


Enzyme activitiesEnzyme activities

b-Glucosidase enzymes b-Glucosidase enzymes catalyze the final limiting step of cellulose degradation

Carbon cycle

Phosphatase enzymes Phosphatase enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of various organic phosphate esters

Phosphorus cycle

O

CH2OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

O OH

OH

CH2OH

OB-glucosidasi

O

CH2OH

OH

OH

OH

D-glucosioCellobiosio

2OH

H2O

R-O-PO32- + H2O R-O-H + HO-PO3

2-

Dheydrogenase enzymes Dheydrogenase enzymes catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds with the removal of two hydrogen atoms that are transferred to the molecule of NAD+

R-H2 + NAD+ NADH + R + H+

Indicator of global microbial metabolism


0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

ES-UOW ES-FOR ES-BC CY-UOW CY-FOR IT-UOW IT-BC IT-FOR

0,43

21,05

0,01

27,96

5,157,31

0,01

9,44µmol

PN

F g

-1 d

ry s

oil h

-1

β- Glucosidase


B-GlucosidaseB-Glucosidase is a hydrolase included in the C cycle. It is important is a hydrolase included in the C cycle. It is important for soil quality. BIOCHAR and ES-UOW samples showed the lowest for soil quality. BIOCHAR and ES-UOW samples showed the lowest values for this enzyme. ES-FOR and particularly, CY-UOW showed values for this enzyme. ES-FOR and particularly, CY-UOW showed the highest values of the highest values of ββ-glucosidase activity indicating many C -glucosidase activity indicating many C sources availables for microorganisms.sources availables for microorganisms.

0,00

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

ES-UOW ES-FOR ES-BC CY-UOW CY-FOR IT-UOW IT-BC IT-FOR

130,21

56,90

0,00

31,03

141,68

56,52

0,00

201,90µ

mol

IN

TF

g-1

h-1

Phosphatase


Phosphatase activityPhosphatase activity: hydrolase of P cycle. It hydrolizes organic : hydrolase of P cycle. It hydrolizes organic P to inorganic P, available to plants. Biochard showed the P to inorganic P, available to plants. Biochard showed the lowest values of phsphatase activity and IT-FOR the highest lowest values of phsphatase activity and IT-FOR the highest activity values.activity values.


The degradation of organic matter The degradation of organic matter is a property of all heterotrophs, is a property of all heterotrophs, and its rate is commonly used to and its rate is commonly used to indicate the level of microbial indicate the level of microbial activityactivity

A negative effect was observed for A negative effect was observed for soil microbial soil microbial respiration respiration in BIOCHAR and UOW (ES and IT) in BIOCHAR and UOW (ES and IT) samples. It could be due to some inhibition samples. It could be due to some inhibition problem (EC,problem (EC,toxic compounds,…), or the scarce of available C toxic compounds,…), or the scarce of available C for microorganismsfor microorganisms

RESAFE PROJECT (6 months)RESAFE PROJECT (6 months)

PLANT TESTS (Petri dishes)PLANT TESTS (Petri dishes)

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0

%Germination Index (Dil

1/20)

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

cm

Root Mean Length (Dil 1/20)


Some Some biostimulant effects biostimulant effects has been has been observed in soils with organic materials. A observed in soils with organic materials. A possible phyto- hormonal effect could be possible phyto- hormonal effect could be responsible of this effect.responsible of this effect.Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic compunds can be responsible for the compunds can be responsible for the negative effect on germination Index.negative effect on germination Index.

020406080

100120140

%

Germination Index (Dil 1/10)

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

cm

Root Mean Length (Dil 1/10)


Some Some biostimulant effects biostimulant effects has been has been detected in soils with organic materials. A detected in soils with organic materials. A possible phyto- hormonal effect could be possible phyto- hormonal effect could be responsible of this effect.responsible of this effect.Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic compunds can be responsible of the compunds can be responsible of the negative effect on germination Index.negative effect on germination Index.

Microbial biomass: Microbial biomass: PPhosphohosphoLLipid ipid FFatty atty AAcids (PLFAs)cids (PLFAs)

Bligh & Dyer, 1959Frostegard et al., 1993

Bligh & Dyer, 1959Frostegard et al., 1993

PhosphoLipid Fatty Acids (PLFAs)

Microbial biomass C and N (Powlson et al., 1987)Microbial biomass C and N (Powlson et al., 1987)ATP, Ergosterol, etc.ATP, Ergosterol, etc.


Lipid fractionsLipid fractions

PFLA ExtractionPFLA Extraction

Trace GC UltraTrace GC Ultra


BIOCHAR showed no microbial population. In the rest organic wastes,BIOCHAR showed no microbial population. In the rest organic wastes,Bacteria>> fungi>> actinomicetesBacteria>> fungi>> actinomicetes

LABORATORY ASSAYLABORATORY ASSAY(Containers with 75 litre)(Containers with 75 litre)

CountryCountry MIXMIX RecipeRecipe N. of N. of

containecontainer replicar replica

CollectioCollection timen time

N. of N. of

subsampsubsamplele

ESES UFUF 60406040 11 T0T0 aa

22

UFVUFV 22 T20T20 bb

UFVBUFVB 33 T40T40 cc

T60T60


VAP CONSERVATIONVAP CONSERVATION

For VAP conservation you mustFor VAP conservation you must:

-- Keep the box closed, in a dry place, far from light or heat -- Keep the box closed, in a dry place, far from light or heat sourcesource

-- P-- Put the box with label on the top surface ut the box with label on the top surface

-- Use only the quantity you need -- Use only the quantity you need

-- If you do not finish the VAP product, close the box after use taking away all -- If you do not finish the VAP product, close the box after use taking away all

air (reduce the box) VAPs suffer for air and light air (reduce the box) VAPs suffer for air and light

ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-1 for container 1 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-1 for container 1 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-2 for container 2 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-2 for container 2 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-55/45-3 for container 3 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-55/45-3 for container 3 (3)


TIME: 0, 20 days, 40 days and 60 daysTIME: 0, 20 days, 40 days and 60 days

MIXTURES preparation:MIXTURES preparation:

* UOW (semi-compost) 60%* UOW (semi-compost) 60%* FOR (fresh material) 40%* FOR (fresh material) 40%* BIOCHAR: 10%* BIOCHAR: 10%

--- VAP: 3-4 kg--- VAP: 3-4 kg

Containers with the mixtures at 0, Containers with the mixtures at 0, 20, 40 and 60 days.20, 40 and 60 days.

No light and temperature 26ºCNo light and temperature 26ºCSampling according to UNIRO and Sampling according to UNIRO and ENEAENEA

SAMPLINGSAMPLING

Samples obtained at 20 daysSamples obtained at 20 days(samples were taken according to(samples were taken according tothe proposal for all partners)the proposal for all partners)

6,807,007,207,407,607,808,008,208,40

pH t0

0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,00

mS

/cm

EC t0

7,207,407,607,808,008,208,40

pH t20

0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,00

mS

/cm

EC t20

0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,00

10,00

3,21 2,91

0,27

7,42

9,227,58

µmol

PN

F g-

1 dr

y so

il h

-1

β- Glucosidae t20

020406080

100120

73,83

117,26103

54,11 70,21 61,47

µmol

INTF

g-1

h-1

Phosphatase t20

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

3,872,02

8,9310,04

6,21

µmol

PN

F g-

1 dr

y so

il h-

1

β- Glucosidae t0

0

20

40

60

80 65,03 60,76

78,6468,38

46,3

µmol

INTF

g-1

h-1

Phosphatase t0

WHAT CEBAS GROUP WILL DO IN THE WHAT CEBAS GROUP WILL DO IN THE RESAFERESAFE PROJECT PROJECT

ACTIONS: MONITORING ON AMENDED SOILS (B5 AND C4). ACTIONS: MONITORING ON AMENDED SOILS (B5 AND C4).

CEBAS will carry out the production of organic material according to the CEBAS will carry out the production of organic material according to the obtained results. (1000-1500 kg). This organic material will be used on obtained results. (1000-1500 kg). This organic material will be used on plant experiments at field level plant experiments at field level

On amended soils: initial point and at the end of each On amended soils: initial point and at the end of each cropcrop

-- -- Biological analysis: fraction labile C, Soil respirationBiological analysis: fraction labile C, Soil respiration---- Biochemical parameters: enzyme activitiesBiochemical parameters: enzyme activities-- -- Microbial community: PFLA,s (this parameters could Microbial community: PFLA,s (this parameters could be be measured in some samples) measured in some samples) PhosphoLipid Fatty Acids

•Socio-economic impact of the project. Socio-economic impact of the project.



ABARAN field experiment (for horticulture experiments)ABARAN field experiment (for horticulture experiments)

For cereals: Las TIESAS For cereals: Las TIESAS field, (ITAP, Albacete)field, (ITAP, Albacete)

CEBAS WORKING GROUPCEBAS WORKING GROUP

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

resafe resafe life (2014-2016) partner csic (cebas-csic) july, murcia (spain), 2014 project life12...

Documents

resafe slide

days slide

albacete slide

enea slide

days samples

t40 c t60 resafe life

vap conservation

cebas group