research concerning biomass gasification / activities at ...briskeu.com/resources/totem...

1 Challenge the future

Research concerning biomass

gasification / activities at Delft

University, Process & Energy

TOTEM-40 workshop, Wednesday 22 April 2015

Wiebren de Jong, associate professor

Team Post-docs: Kostas Anastasakis, Manuela di Marcello, Xiangmei Meng PhD students: Yash Joshi, George Tsalidis, Onursal Yakaboylu


Contents

Introduction to the research group Biomass research approach Biomass characterization studies Biomass gasification – circulating fluidized bed Current projects next to BRISK


The Energy Technology section

• ET Long history (1966 “Thermal Power Engineering”), nuclear/coal/biomass

The ET people:

• 1 full-time professor : B.J. Boersma (turbulence, low grade heat utilization)

• 1 Associate professor: W. de Jong (thermo-chemical conversion)

• 2 Assistant professors: P.V. Aravind (Fuel Cells, systems), R. Pecnik (gas turbines)

• 2 part-time professors: J. Kiel (ECN, torrefaction) and new Gas Turbines chair

• ~15 PhD students, 5 Post-Docs, 3 research associates

• 1 secretary, department shared administration and technical staff

http://delftpe.nl


Biomass & Coal Combustion/Gasification

TU Delft Research Methodology

Experimental Fuel characterization

Thermogravimetric analysis

Fast devolatilization

Bench to integrated lab-scale experiments

Pyrolysis modeling Numerical gasification modeling

gas composition

Large scale modeling

Fundamental scale

Industrial application


Fuel characterization

at low heating rates

TG – FTIR Setup

TG – FTIR set-up at P & E Department Thermal profile of wood

Helium

Air

Volatiles

Volatiles

N2 Purge

DetectorIR

Source

Transfer Heated Line@150°C

Mass Flow

Controller

Furnace:

Up to 100°C/min

And 1500°C

Carrier Gas:

He

Michelson Interferometer

Gas Cell:

2m Opt. Path length

Heated@150°C

Reference and Sample

Crucibles

To vent

TGA Analyzer

FTIR


Reactivity: TGA for a challenging fuel

Giuntoli J. et al., Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis (2009)

DTG Curve of DDGS: Slow Pyrolysis (10oC/min) in 100mL/min He


Flash Pyrolysis Measurements & Model

Heated Foil Reactor

(to 1000 oC/s) coupled

with FT-IR

Measurements:

•Volatiles and char yields

• Condensed tars yields

•NOx precursors yields

Numerical modeling:

•T and Velocity Profiles

•Use slow-pyrolysis kinetics


Wood fast pyrolysis in HG reactor

Product distribution (wt% db) during pyrolysis of wood at various temperatures

Wood, fast pyrolysis, heated foil reactor


Flash Pyrolysis Measurements

Pyroprobe (up to 20 oC/ms)

Measurements:

•Char and Tar yields

•Possibility of FTIR for

analysis of volatiles

Advantages

•Time of pyrolysis can be precisely controlled

•Second heated zone as trapping zone


Pyroprobe method developement

Char and tar yields from wood pyrolysis @ 1000 C

• Consistent results for wood, similar char (slightly

lower only) as HGR

• Better tar capture

• Possibility of higher biomass loading

• More rapid to obtain results compared to HGR

Pyroprobe: Flash Pyrolysis Measurements


Tar collection and extraction from pyroprobe

Tars on glass wool in trap tars on glass wool in DCM not extracted

• Better separation/extraction needed


13

The atmospheric CFBG test rig

at TU Delft – chain ‘demo’

13

850°°C

830°°C

<1000°°C

<400°C

350°°C


TU Delft CFB experimental rig

1st floor 2nd floor


High temperature ceramic filter

Unfiltered syngas Raw synthesis gas

Filter cake

Ash deposition

N2 vessel

Valve

2nd bunker

Collection barrel

Filter candles High temperature ceramic filter


- Experimental validation experiments on the 100 kWth

pilot test rig (~20 kg/h biomass input capacity). - Experimental study towards agglomeration behavior of

biomass fuels - Hot gas particle filtration; modeling and experiments - Experimental studies on gas upgrading (reforming,

WGS) - Modelling of Circulating Fluidized Bed gasification of

biomass (improving & validating submodels).

Gasification of biomass and gas cleaning


Comparison of torrefied vs. untreated

biomass – wood pellets

Proximate analysis wt%, a.r. wt%, a.r.

moisture 6.48 7.08

ash 2.00 2.96

Ultimate analysis wt%, d.b. wt%, d.b.

C 48.77 51.23

H 5.98 5.79

N 0.19 0,29

S 0.76 0,78

Cl - 0,00

O (by difference) 42.16 38.72

‘white’ ‘black’


Impact of torrefaction: Gasification of

‘white’ and ‘black’ wood pellets

white pellets black pellets


Particle measurements:

impactor

m3

3 4

5 6

7 1

2

8

9

10

Particles: Heated cascade Impactor (PSD 0.2-30 m)

T = 400°C

Aerosol streamlines

Impactor plate

Jet nozzle plate


Particle capture by the hot gas filter


Supercritical water gasification

pump

Supercritical water gasification reactor (P > 220 bar, T > 374 ˚C)

Innovative concept 3 patent requests

Heat Exchanger

(CH4,CO2,H2) Gas work-up

Gas Engine

Green Gas

Green Power

Minerals Wet manures / sludge

Clean biosyngas


• Extreme conditions (typically T>350 oC; P>250 bar)

• Research nowhere done with real, cheap, challenging wet bio-feedstock!

• Initiatives with fluidized bed reactors (NL, Japan)

• Kinetic rates?

• Can fluidization be described similarly to conventional conditions?

• Mineral formation, removal and recycling?

• Which reactor configuration is

most optimal?

Wet feedstock? Supercritical Water

Gasification (SCWG)


Past projects

EU-FP6: Chrisgas; gasification & hot gas filtration Coordination: Linnaeus University EU-FP7: GreenSynGas; gasification & gas cleaning (on-line tar, S-species) Coordinator: Lund University EU-Marie Curie (EST): INECSE; pyrolysis characterization Coordinator: ENEL National: Gas cleaning (bed materials for tar conversion) Coal-biomass co-firing Clean Combustion Concepts (STW) Petrobras: Gasification of bagasse


National TKI-BBE INVENT project

24

Impact of biomass torrefaction on CFB gasifier performance characteristics on:

Main gaseous components, in particular H2:CO and CH4 content Carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency Tar production (quantity, species distribution)

Partners: ECN, Essent, Topell, Biolake, Torrcoal, UT


National TKI-Groen Gas project

Synvator gasification process (high turbulence and swirl gasifier), items studied:

Integration with engine, later methanation Main gaseous components, in particular H2:CO and CH4 content Carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency Tar production (quantity, species distribution)


Thank you for your attention!


Bagasse (pellets) gasification using

steam-O2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Gas v

ol.%

(dnf)

Gas Composition

H2-CP4900 % dnf

CO-CP4900 % dnf

CH4-CP4900 % dnf

CO2-CP4900 % dnf

CO2

H2

CO

CH4


Tar quantification (spa), some results


Pressure drop behavior

research concerning biomass gasification / activities at ...briskeu.com/resources/totem...

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