research development
TRANSCRIPT
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Research and Development
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Terminology
Research – refers to the advancement of knowledge
Development – refers to the application of knowledge
Market Research – refers to the process of gathering, recording, and analyzing data about consumer needs and wants and the products, processes, and services they use
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Invention vs. Innovation
Invention: A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation.
Innovation: An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.
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Market Research
• Purpose – help companies make better decisions, create a business plan, launch a new product or service, fine tune existing products and services, or expand into new markets.
• What information is needed in order to solve the problem?
• Basic Steps – – Define the research problem– Select and establish research design– Collect and analyze data– Make Decisions
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DefineResearchProblem
EstablishResearch
Design
Collect andAnalyze
Data
FormulateFindings
Market Research Process Model
Process
Describe Problem
Process
FormulateResearchQuestions
Formulatesub-questions
Process
Set Research Objectives
Process
Set Timetables
Process
Select ResearchDesign
Process
Select InformationTypes
Process
Select InformationSources
Process
DetermineResearchInstrument
Process
Design ResearchInstrument
Internal?
CollectData
ClearingData
Coding Data
TabulatingData
Process
Hire external datacollectors
Yes
No
Discussionwith
Customer
Write DraftFindings
MakeDecisions
Present FinalFindings
End
Start
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Patent Applications
Just the Frequently Asked Questions
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What is a patent?
A patent is a legally binding contract between an
inventor, an owner (who may be the same person) and the people of the U.S. represented by the U.S.
Office of Patents and Trademarks.
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Who is involved in obtaining a patent?
The Inventor/The Owner
The Patent Attorney
The Patent Examiner (U.S. Citizens)
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Patents limit competition.
Patents are a teaching tool.
Patents demonstrate capability. Patents protect intellectual
property.
Why would I want to obtain a patent?
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Brief Introduction
Technical Description
Legal Statements
What are the main parts of a Patent?
Abstract:
Specification:
Claims:
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Do I need to build my invention to obtain a patent?
No
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Do I need to have every last detail of my idea fleshed-out and
documented to apply for a patent?
No
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If I have an idea I want to patent, but I am not prepared
today to file an application, am I out-of-luck?
No
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If I publish a paper about my invention, or sell my invention, prior to applying for a patent,
do I forfeit my opportunity
to do so?
NoBut you only have one calendar year from any one of the above events to
file.
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If I have a patent, and I improve on my idea, is my improvement automatically covered by the
original patent?
No
But a ‘Continuation in Part’ application or a new application
may be filed any time prior to the date the original patent issues.
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Are U.S. patents recognized by other countries?
Yes and No
U.S. Patents forbid the development, marketing and/or sale
of items under U.S. Patent protection
within the U.S., unless an individual is licensed by the owner of the
patent.
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Are there foreign patents, and can I apply for one if I want to patent my invention in other
countries?
Yes
Foreign patent applications are:
• extremely expensive • usually more difficult to satisfy• subject to similar, but different
restrictions and criteria.
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What should I do if I want to apply for Patent Protection?
• Evaluate the cost.
• Evaluate the merit of the idea.
• Write a letter to the U.S. Office of Patents and Trademarks.
• Identify and retain a Patent Attorney.
• Develop the Application.
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Approximately how much does it cost to apply for a U.S. Patent?
Evaluate the cost $ 7,000.00+/-
Patent Search Expenses* $ 500.00Application Fee $ 500.00Attorney’s Fee $ 2,500.00
Litigation Expenses $ 1,500.00Maintenance Fees $ 1,500.00
Total: $ 6,500.00
*Optional Expense - may lower risk of failure
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How do I evaluate the merit of my idea?
• Evaluate the merit of your idea in terms of your life goals.– Having an approved patent does
not mean instant rewards; it may take 10 to 20 years.
• Evaluate the merit of your idea in terms of time invested.
– A patent application may take as much as 2 - 3 years to issue from date of application, not counting the time to develop the application.
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How do I evaluate the merit of my idea?
• Evaluate the merit of the idea in terms of earning potential.
– Will your idea generate $1,000,000.00?• Direct Business
– New Business• Co-Lateral Business
– Sale– Licensure
• Lost Opportunity• Infringement Benefits
– Litigation
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Why would I want to write a letter to the U.S. Office of Patents and Trademarks?
• U.S. Patent Law allows an inventor to notify the U.S. Office
of Patents and Trademarks of your “intent to patent,” thereby protecting your idea for one calendar year.
• Nominal fee $25.00 to $100.00
Disadvantage - Critical Deadline
Advantage - Early Disclosure Protection
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Why should I contact a Patent Attorney?
• It is possible to apply for a patent without an attorney, but the risk of failure is very high.
• He/She is your representative to the U.S. Office of Patents and Trademarks.
• He/She is your counsel for interpreting the law.
• He/She is your technical “sounding board” and strategist.– A Patent Attorney has a Degree in
Engineering and in law.
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What do I need to develop my Patent Application?
• A credible, patentable and valuable idea– Not obvious to “someone of
ordinary skill in the art.”– Not already published or on the
market.
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What should I do if I want to apply for Patent Protection?
• Evaluate the cost.
$7,000.00 +/-• Evaluate the merit of the idea.
Risks vs. Value• Write a letter to the U.S. Office
Protection of Patents and Trademarks.
• Identify and retain a Patent Attorney.
Help!• Develop the Application.
WORK!