WELCOME

Research Ethics, Research Integrity and chemical Laboratory safety

Vijay P JadhavResearch Scholar

Dept. of Dairy Chemistry

Ethics Ethics are standards of moral conduct

Standards of right and wrong behavior A gauge of personal integrity The basis of trust and cooperation in

relationships with others

Research Ethics Rules for distinguishing between right and

wrong. Avoids Confucius during research. Most people learn ethical norms at home, at

school, in church, or in other social settings. Moral development occurs throughout life. Promote the aims of research, such as

knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error.

Ethical Principals Ethical principals are tools which are used

to think in difficult situations. Three useful ethical principals:

Minimizing harm Respecting autonomy Protecting privacy Treating people equitably Offering reciprocity

Need to follow Ethical principle

Promote the aims of research.

Prohibitions against falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and avoid error.

Ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness.

Research Integrity 

May be defined as “active adherence to the ethical principles and professional standards essential for the responsible practice of research”.

NAS report definition: "For individuals research integrity is an aspect of moral character and experience”.

It includes following practices HONESTY

convey information truthfully and honoring commitments ACCURACY

report findings precisely and take care to avoid errors EFFICIENCY

use resources wisely and avoid waste OBJECTIVITY

let the facts speak for themselves and avoid improper bias

Collegiality in scientific interactions, communications and sharing of resources.

Disclosure of conflicts of interest.

Humanity care of animals in the conduct of research.

Mutual Responsibil i t ies Adherence to the mutual responsibilities of mentors and

trainees.

Important TermsINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:

Intangible creations protected by law

TRADE SECRET: Intellectual work or products belonging to a business, not in public domain

COPYRIGHT: Statutory grant protecting intellectual property from copying by others for 28 years

PATENT: Legal document granting owner exclusive monopoly on an invention for 17 years

Chemical Laboratory Safety

What are the additional hazards from chemical materials?

Toxic substances Solvents Corrosives Flammables Irritants Carcinogens Teratogens Mutagens Explosives Radiation and many, many more

How do toxic materials enter the body?

By mouth (contaminated fingers!)

By breathing in gases, aerosols or powder

By skin contact or damage By absorption through

intact skin By splashes into the eyes

What legislation applies? Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Use data sheets and other relevant information to

assess risk Consider not only reactants but also

intermediates, products and waste Take into account the format (e.g. solution or

powder) and the quantity to be used Determine safe working procedures Determine emergency procedures, ensuring that

all equipment and “mop-up” materials are available

Consider correct waste disposal

Fume Cupboards Ensure that the equipment

is working properly Ensure you know the

meaning of warning signals and how to use any controls

Close the sash unless loading or unloading

Do not use fume cupboards for storage

Keep the work area clear of other materials etc

Materials Obtain the minimumminimum amounts needed

for your work Ensure that all containers are clearly

labelledlabelled with their contents and a hazard label

Toxic materials must be locked awaylocked away Corrosive substances must be stored

securely at a low level in banded traysbanded trays Keep flammable materials in specially specially

designed cupboardsdesigned cupboards and only have out the minimum for immediate use (<50L per room)

Store acids, bases & solvents separately

Good practice Never mouth-pipette Always dilute

concentrated acids by adding the acid to water, never the reverse

Never carry Winchesters by the neck – always use a carrier

Always leave benches, balances etc. clean & tidy after use

Radio-Active Materials & Work with Lasers

Work with radio-active materials and lasers requires special training

You must notmust not use them without authorisation and training

Your Departmental Safety Staff can advise or contact Trevor Moseley in Safety Services

Work with Cyanides & Hydrofluoric Acid

If you plan to use Cyanides or Hydrofluoric Acid, you will have to have specific permission from your Departmental Safety Officer

Attendance at a training course at Safety Services will normally be required

The dangers of both substances, especially hydrofluoric acid can be greatly underestimated with potentially fatalfatal results.

They are both VERY VERY DANGEROUSDANGEROUS substances

When in doubt – ASK!!! Do not carry out a

new or unfamiliar procedure until you have been fully trained & understand the precautions necessary for safe working

DO NOT GUESS!!!!DO NOT GUESS!!!!

Bibliography J. P. Swazey, K. S. Louis, and M. S. Anderson, “The ethical training of

graduate students requires serious and continuing attention,” Chronicle of Higher Education 9 (March 1994):B1–2;

J. P. Swazey, “Ethical problems in academic research,” American Scientist 81(Nov./Dec. 1993):542–53.

Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research (ACS Pubs.Div.) http://pubs.acs.org/userimages/ContentEditor/1218054468605/ethics.pdf

National lAcademy Press, Wash. D.C, 2009 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12192.html

IEEE Policy Statement on Self-Plagiarism http://www.comsoc.org/pubs/jrnal/transcom/Self_Plagiarism.pdf Managing Allegations of Scientific Misconduct: A Guidance Document for

Editors, January 2000, Office of Research Integrity, Office of Public Health and Science, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services

http://ori.dhhs.gov.

Cont..

National Institutes of Health Office of Extramural Research website. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/datasharing/data_sharing_faqs.htm.

The Office of Scientific and Technology Policy website. http://www.ostp.gov/html/001207_3.html.

United States Department of Agriculture website. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/pubs/awact.html