research guidelines final doc 2006
TRANSCRIPT
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MBA 2005/2006
INTEGRATIVE BUSINESS RESEARCH PROJECT GUIDELINES
Candidates for the Masters of Business Administration Degree (MBA) are
required to undertake and document research in partial fulfilment of the
degree. In order to complete this process, students will have to select a
suitable topic, prepare a research proposal, carry out independent research
and write up the research project according to a defined format. A research
project is a formal investigation conducted independently over a number of
months in a focused area addressing a clear question or defined problem.
The purpose of the research project is to give the student an opportunity to
demonstrate that s/he can self-manage a problem solving/knowledge-creation
exercise on a complex business topic of their choice within a limited time
frame. They must demonstrate that they can design, execute, analyse and
report on such work to specified standards. They must show that they can do
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A SELECTING A RESEARCH TOPIC
The choice of topic for research should depend on a number of factors:
The selected topic should be in a field in which there is real need for
the research.
The research outcomes must be useful. Although research into
practical problems experienced in the workplace is encouraged,students may not undertake market research which would advantage a
specific company. The research has to be of academic relevance. All
university research is within the public domain and hence no research
project can be treated as confidential.
The student should be realistic about the scale of the task to beundertaken and its scope. The research must be achievable within a
defined time and budget.
The topic should be amenable to methods of research.
It is important to align the students interests, abilities and career plans.
Access to the data must be ensured before the proposal is written. A topic could well be selected to be relevant to both the student and
their company.
B RESEARCH METHODLOGY COURSE
During the research methodology course, students will be asked to hand in
two assignments the marks from these assignments will contribute 10% to
the final research project mark.
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project. The proposal must demonstrate familiarity with the prescribed
research methodology textbook
Format of the Proposal
The following guidelines are designed to cover the essential elements of a
proposal:
Title Page
The title should be concise, but descriptive. Ideally a title should be less than
ten words. It is advisable to avoid catchy titles and words such as A study
of or An investigation into are redundant and should be avoided. Titles
should not be in a question format. The students name, contact details and
student number must be shown on this page.
Definit ion of Problem
The research problem or question must be clearly and simply stated at the
start of the proposal. The student should distil the problem into a short,
concise sentence. A brief background to the problem, together with a
rationale for conducting the research is required. Ensure that the scope of the
research is specified. The following questions should be addressed:
Why was this problem selected?
What evidence verifies the identification of the problem?
What is the relevance of this topic to business in SA?
At least three references should be used in this section indicating the need for
th h
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your research. A full literature review is not necessary at the proposal stage,
but key references should be identified and discussed. You should indicatethe major headings you will use in the literature review. At least ten
references must be used and correctly referenced both in the body of the
research proposal and in the reference list. References must be current and
focused on the specific research problem. At the end of the literature review
you must restate your research problem in terms of hypotheses orpropositions or research questions.
Proposed Research Methods
It is crucial to define clearly what method will be used during the study e.g.
documentary research, survey by face to face interviews. The methodology
must be appropriate to the research objective and questions / propositions /
hypotheses. You need to indicate why your chosen methodology is suitable
for your research problem, i.e. you need to demonstrate congruence
throughout the research process. A well-selected and clearly justified
methodology at proposal stage will assist in ensuring the production of a
successful research project. After specifying and defending the choice of
methodology, details must be given of the proposed unit of analysis,
population, sampling method and size, data gathering process and analysis
approach. If you intend to use a questionnaire in your research, a draft
questionnaire must be included. An indication of the research limitations must
be given. The text book for the research course should be used and
referenced to defend the research details in this section.
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materials. Plagiarism is unacceptable and will not be condoned and if found
will lead to disciplinary procedures.
The method of referencing shown at the end of this document must be
adopted and applied consistently throughout the proposal and the research
project. References are used to enable readers to consult the original sources
for further reading and to acknowledge the authors from which the information
was taken. This is done by clearly identifying the sources and precisely stating
where the information was found. Essential components of a reference are:
author, year of publication, title of book or article and journal; edition, place of
publication, publisher, numbering, and pagination. Referencing systems are
the bane of research students lives, but the onus rests on the student to
master the system.
Literary Style
Writing good formal English is an important business skill. Both the proposal
and the research project must be written in a formal academic literary style in
the third person. British and not American conventions of spelling should be
followed (in Word this is signified by the English (U.K.) setting). Slang and
colloquialisms should be avoided at all times; the rules of grammar should be
followed. The proposal should be written in the future tense, the report should
be written in the past tense and the literature review in the present tense (i.e.
the author states). Do not begin sentences with numerals. All words that are
in a language other than English should be typed in italics e.g. et al. The first
person should not be used, i.e. you may not say I conducted 15 interviews
you need to say Fifteen interviews were conducted Supervisors should
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Consistency Matrix
You must complete a consistency matrix as given in Appendix 1 of thisdocument as the last page of your proposal. This table enables you and the
supervisor to check for consistency, i.e. are the research problem, the
literature, the research methodology and the proposed method of analysis all
aligned, i.e. will the data, if analysed in the proposed way, answer the
research problem and is there a theoretical basis for the research problem.
Submission of the Proposal
Once a proposal has been completed, it must be submitted by June 1 st 2006,
17h00, to the MBA Programme Manager. A supervisor will then be allocated
by the Academic Committee based on faculty members areas of expertise.
The supervisor will mark the proposal according to the guidelines below. The
mark will count 15% toward the final research project mark. Students should
consult their supervisor to receive feedback.
If the proposal is approved, the Academic Administration office will record the
title and the name of the supervisor. Only in exceptional circumstances are
either of these changed.
Students should not proceed with the research project until the proposal has
been approved.
Where a proposal requires revision, the appointed supervisor will notify the
student. The areas of the proposal, which require revision, will be discussed
with the supervisor and a revised proposal must be submitted A maximum
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Suggested marking guidelines for research proposal
Student Name:Proposed Title:
Problem Formulation 20%
Comments:
Theory Base/Literature Review 20%Comments:
Methodology 40%
Defence of methodsComments:
Unit o f Analysis/Population/Sampling
Comments:
Procedure/Data collection/Instrument
Comments:
Data Analysis
Comments:
Project Time-Line
C t
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Overall Mark: (NB This counts 15% of the final Research Project) /100
Decision: Proceed
(please tick relevant option) Re-submit ( by ...)
Supervisors Name Signed:..
Date:.
D NATURE AND EXTENT OF SUPERVISION
Once appointed, supervisors will be required to interact with their designated
students approximately three times. The student may expect guidance with
regard to the planning, execution and compilation of the project. The
supervisor should be available to the student within two weeks of a meeting
being requested, if at all possible. Finding sources and references is the
responsibility of the student and not that of the supervisor. A supervisor will
be responsible for pointing out poorly substantiated or poorly expressed
statements, but the student is responsible for correcting these.
A supervisor is not responsible for the correction of language, spelling or
grammatical errors, but should point out to the student that there are such
errors in his/her work. The student is responsible for the language editing of
his/her project. It is the responsibility of the supervisor to provide guidance on
sections of work which require revision. The meetings should be initiated by
the student, who would usually submit the draft document to the supervisor at
least a week before the meeting
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Second meeting:
Once the project is underway, but before the data is collected and processed,
the supervisor should receive a draft of the first half of the research project,
i.e. up to and including chapter 4 and should provide feedback to the student
on it. The details of the proposed data collection and analysis methods should
also be agreed on. This meeting should occur by mid of August.
Third meeting:
This meeting should take place when the data has been processed and
chapters 5 and 6 written in draft form and submitted to the supervisor. This
meeting should occur by mid October.
The student and the supervisor should record the number of meetings held
and the nature of the discussions. If the student is having great difficulty in
setting up meetings with their supervisor they may contact the head of MBA
research to discuss the way forward.
Data Collection
Should the student plan to interview respondents or send out questionnaires
the MBA Programme Manager will provide them with an official generic letter
stating that they are bona fide students and that assistance with their research
project would be appreciated.
E LAYOUT AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT
The body of the report should be between 75 and 80 pages of text 15 000 to
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good quality printer should be utilised for the final print. The colour of the ink
for the text should be black. Colour may be used in figures.
The report should include the following:
1. Title page
The title page should include the title [as approved in the
research proposal] followed by the authors name, the statement
below and the date.
The statement should be worded as follows:
A research project submitted to the Gordon Institute of Business
Science, University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of Master of Business
Administration.
The date should be the month and year of completion of the
project. (e.g. November 2006)
2. Abstract
The abstract should appear on the next page and should be
limited to 200 words. The abstract should start with a sentence
that describes the major theme of the research. The purpose
and methodology of the research and the outcome should then
be briefly described
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submitted before for any degree or examination in any other
University.
The name and signature of the student and the date should
follow the declaration.
4. Acknowledgements
It is a convention to acknowledge the role of a supervisor and
other persons and/or organisations instrumental in the
completion of the research.
5. Table of Contents
Under the heading Contents, this will include the starting page
numbers of the preliminary material, chapter and section
headings, references and any appendices. Generally the first
page of the text would be numbered 1. Any preliminary pages
would be given numbers in small roman numbers (i.e. i, ii, etc)
6. Text of research project
The text of the conventional research report is divided into
logical chapters. On reading the whole report the process of
logical reasoning of the whole research process must be made
apparent. A typical layout would be:
Chapter 1: Introduction to Research Problem . This chapter
indicates clearly the need for the research and what the
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your research. You must show that your research is situated
within the relevant, current, academic literature and that you
understand the debates. Your task is to show how the academic
literature sheds light on your topic. The purpose of the literature
review is to refine the statement of the research problem or
question, not to offer a tutorial on the topic. Hence you must
review the pertinent literature, not repeat large passages from a
text. This chapter must make use of subheadings which indicate
your flow of logic. The subheadings usually divide the literature
into a number of major areas and then each area begins with
the more generic theory bases and ends with closely focused
literature on your topic. It is envisaged that not less than thirty
references will be used, all of which must be highly relevant to
your topic, at least half of which must be post 2000 and nearly
all of which must be from accredited academic texts. You will
need to source at least five references from peer reviewed
academic journals. Every paragraph should contain at least one
reference. The conclusion to the literature review must indicate
the need for your specific research.
Chapter 3: Research Questions/ Propositions/ Hypotheses .
In this chapter, usually no more than a page or two, the precise
purpose of the research is defined. Research questions are
used where the literature does not provide likely solutions to the
research objectives. Propositions are used when the researcher
proposes what the findings are likely to be Hypotheses are
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sampling method, the research instrument used, the details of
how the data was collected and the process of data analysis.
The limitations of the research must be specified. Research
methodology references must be used. This chapter must be
written in the past tense.
Chapter 5: Results. Here the results of your research are
presented clearly and concisely with only sparse commentary.
Tables and figures must be correctly presented as discussed
above. This chapter is usually presented with the data being
clustered around the research questions / propositions /
hypotheses.
Chapter 6: Discussion of Results. Here the results are
discussed in terms of the research questions, propositions or
hypotheses and in terms of the literature i.e. the relationship
between this chapter and chapters one, two and three must be
clear to the examiners and other readers. This chapter should
use the research questions/ propositions/ hypotheses as major
headings within the chapter. This chapter should show depth of
insight into your findings in terms of both the context of the study
and in light of the theory base. The chapter must indicate that
the research objectives have been met.
Chapter 7: Conclusion. This chapter highlights the main
findings of the research pulling the results together into a
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8. Appendices
Appendices should be numbered and titled. Each appendix
should be presented both in numerical order and in the order in
which it is encountered in the text of the project. Examples of
what should be included in appendices are a copy of a
questionnaire (if used), data bases, list of respondents etc.
A very approximate guideline to the number of pages for each
chapter is as follows:
Chapter 1 7
Chapter 2 15
Chapter 3 2
Chapter 4 8
Chapter 5 20
Chapter 6 20
Chapter 7 6
F SUBMISSION PROCESS
Students are to submit by 17h00 on 14 November to the MBA Programme
Manager
two ring bound reports,
b d
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No extensions will be granted to this deadline. A mark penalty of 5% per day
or part thereof will be applied. The reports will be forwarded to the respective
supervisors and the external examiner. The supervisors will then mark the
project within a few weeks. The unbound copy of the report will be given to
the Information Centre. If the report receives a mark of 65% or more the
Information Centre will have the report bound and placed on the shelves.
Should the project not be deemed to be of an acceptable standard to pass,
and should the supervisor know that some minor adjustments will allow the
project to pass; this feedback will be conveyed to the student by the
supervisor. A two week period for amendments will be set for final
submission. Failure to satisfy the recommendations will result in the candidate
failing to satisfy the requirements for the degree. Students who have to
resubmit their research reports for re-examination will not receive a mark
higher than a D symbol. Should a research report fail to an extent where
more than minor adjustments need to be made, the student will have to repeat
the research methodology course, resubmit their proposal and redo the
research project in the following year.
G CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION
25% of the mark will come from the research methodology course
assignments and the proposal.
The table below shows the suggested marking schedule for the report.
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2. Method and Procedure [25%]
Rationale for choice of methodology (e.g. qualitative vs. quantitative;theoretical)
Research design (clarity, logic and appropriateness of choices made)
Implementation of research (accuracy, thoroughness of procedures)
Information gathering (sampling; data collection; quality controls)
Comments:
3. Analysis and Interpretation of Findings [25%]
Data analysis and presentation (grasp of techniques used; clarity ofpresentation)
Interpretation and evaluation of results (accuracy; validity of inferences;alternatives considered);discussion of findings
Conclusions drawn within context of the study, relevance to objectives;limitations noted on generalization
Comments:
4. Summary and Recommendations [15%]
Relevance of recommendations to business problem and knowledge
accumulation Quality of summary of project and of the Abstract
Future Research recommendations
Comments:
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Mark for Research Project
The minimum pass mark for the research project is 50%. All MBA students
must pass the research project. The minimum mark required for a distinction
is 75%. A research project being granted a distinction would meet all of the
requirements above and display originality of thought and depth of critical
insight. Results are usually published late in December. The research project
counts for 20% of the students final MBA mark.
H Candidates who fail to submit research project reports
Candidates who do not submit their research project on time may apply in
writing, before January 10th of the following year, for permission to re-register.
Should this be permitted the student will have to pay additional fees and will
not graduate with their class. They will have to re-attend the research
methodology lectures, submit the assignments and resubmit their proposal for
approval. A supervisor will then be allocated. They will not be allocated a
mark higher than a C for their final mark. They will have to complete the
research during this subsequent year, failure to do so will constitute a failure
of the MBA programme.
I REFERENCING SYSTEM
The referencing style guide specified below is based on the Harvard system
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REFERENCING WITHIN THE TEXT
Each time a reference is given within a text, the authors surname and the
year of publication is quoted. If the surname is a natural part of the sentence,
the year only is given in brackets. If the surname is not a natural part of the
sentence, then both the surname and year are in brackets.
e.g. Simmons (1989) quotes data to show..... It has recently been stated(Grandjean, 1988) that.....
When there are two authors the surnames of both should be quoted
e.g. Holly and Southworth (1989)
When there are 3 authors or more, then the first surname is quoted followed
by et al, but only after the first mention which should include all the authors.
e.g. Bradley, Jones and Smith (1983); thereafter, Bradley et al. (1983)
A corporate author may be used when appropriate.
e.g. Open University (1999)
When there is more than one reference to the same author and year of
publication, i.e. the author has published a few items in one year, each entry
is distinguished by a b c etc. following the year.
e.g. (1989a) (1989b)
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AN EXAMPLE OF REFERENCING WITHIN THE TEXT FOLLOWS
The world economy has progressed from an industrial economy
to a knowledge economy (Pine and Gilmore, 1998; Dibble,
2004). With knowledge being viewed as a major contributing
factor to organisational success, the purveyors of this
knowledge in organisations deserve to be focused on. Drucker
(1974) first used the term knowledge worker; he described
these individuals as employees who carry knowledge as a
powerful resource which they, rather than the organisation, own.
Drucker (1989, p. 175) states Knowledge workers know that
their knowledge. gives them freedom to move since
everyones knowledge has a multitude of applications in the
information or knowledge age. A few years later Drucker
(2002, p. 76) wrote that knowledge workers have become the
major creator of wealth and jobs and increasingly the
success and even the survival of every business will depend on
the performance of its knowledge workforce. He goes on to say
that the knowledge economy will increasingly depend on higher
levels of education. Harrigan and Dalmia (1991) define
knowledge workers as key employees who create intangible
value-adding assets, and who often transport those assets in
their heads when they change employers.
Please note, as in the first sentence, that the reference goes in bracketsbefore the full stop.
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date order. It is finally sorted alphabetically by a b c (see example below) if
this device has been necessary. The reference list should not be sectioned
into books, journals etc. Please note that the name of the book or journal is in
italics.
Examples:
Hargreaves, D.H. (1972) Interpersonal Relations and Education. London:Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hargreaves, D.H. (1979a) A phenomenological approach to classroom
decision-making. In Eggleston, J. (ed.) Teacher Decision-making in the
Classroom. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hargreaves, D.H. (1979b) The proper study of educational psychology. New
Universities Quarterly, 33, 155 -165.
Holly, P. and Southworth, G. (1989) The Developing School. London: Falmer
Press.
Referencing Books
The information required is: Author. Year of publication. Title (this must be in
italics). Place of publication: Publisher.
e.g. Minton, D. (1997) Teaching Skills in Further and Adult Education.
London: City & Guilds / Macmillan.
F t th b th i
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An author may be an editor, so this detail is included after the name,
e.g. Rose, D. (ed.) (1988) Social Stratification and Economic Change.
London: Hutchinson.
An author may be a corporate body in which case this is used as the author,
e.g. Open University (1981) Polymer Production. 2nd ed. Milton Keynes:
Open University Press.
When relevant, an edition statement should be included after the title, and the
year of publication quoted is the year of the particular edition,
e.g. Grandjean, E. (1988) Fitting the Tasks to the Man: A text book ofoccupational ergonomics. 4th ed. London: Taylor & Francis.
Certain classic books may be reprinted, the year of publication is the original
year, with the reprint date added if it is of importance,
e.g. Darwin, C. R. (1882, reprinted 1928) The Origin of Species. 6th ed.
London: Dent.
Where a reference is to a chapter in an edited book or a compilation, and the
authors are different, the listing would be,
e.g. Green, A. (1995) The European challenge to British vocational education
and training, in Hodkinson & Issit (eds.) The Challenge of Competence:
Professionalism through Vocational Education and Training. London: Cassell.
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e.g. Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) (2000) Student
Success Rates In Post- 16 qualifications - data from the England and Wales
youth cohort study. London: DfEE.
Referencing Journal Articles
The information required is
Author of article. Year of publication. Title of article. Title of periodical (this
must be in italics). Volume and number . Page number(s) of article.
e.g. Psacharopoulos, G. (1997) Vocational education and training today:
challenges and responses. Journal of Vocational Education and Training,
49(3), 21-36.
Referencing Conferences
These references follow the guidelines for either books or journals depending
on how the conference proceedings are published. If it is printed as a one-off,
then it will follow the guidelines for books. If the conference is one of a series
that regularly publishes its papers, then follow the guidelines for journals.
Referencing e-Journals and Website Sources
The information required is:
Author/editor, Year "Title" [online]. (Edition). Place of publication: Publisher (if
ascertainable). Available from: URL [Accessed Date].
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e.g. Guide to Authors (1998) South African Journal of Business.
AN EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE LIST FOLLOWS
Please note it is in alphabetical order and not numbered.
Armstrong, M. and Murlis, H. (1998) Reward Management.
London: Biddles.
Baron, J. N., Hannan, M.T. and Burton, M.D. (2001) Labor
pains: change in organisational models and employee turnover
in young, high-tech firms. American Journal of Sociology,
106(4), 960 -1010.
Bartlett, C. and Ghosal, S. (2000) Competing on Human
Capital. Book in progress.
http://www.linezine.com/4.2/articles/chsghebip.htm (accessed
12/02/03)
Bennett, J. (2003) Employers have their work cut out. Sunday
Times. Business Times. March 16. Johannesburg, 1.
Branch, S. (1998) You hired em. But can you keep em?
Fortune Magazine, November 9, 101-104.
http://www.linezine.com/4.2/articles/chsghebip.htmhttp://www.linezine.com/4.2/articles/chsghebip.htmhttp://www.linezine.com/4.2/articles/chsghebip.htmhttp://www.linezine.com/4.2/articles/chsghebip.htmhttp://www.linezine.com/4.2/articles/chsghebip.htm -
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APPENDIX 1 CONSISTENCY MATRIX
TITLE__________________________________________________________________
PROPOSITIONS/QUESTIONS/
HYPOTHESES
LITERATURE REVIEW DATACOLLECTION TOOL
ANALYSIS
1
2
3
4
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CONSISTENCY MATRIX EXAMPLE
TITLE: Methodologies used by stockmarket analysts and fund managers to evaluate the management of companies
PROPOSITIONS/QUESTIONS/
HYPOTHESES
LITERATURE REVIEW DATACOLLECTION TOOL
ANALYSIS
Research question 1Do fund managers and analyststake into account the competenceof a companys management intaking decisions on investments?
Dobbs,1998Hequet, 2004
Question 2 in questionnaire Frequency analysis on closed-ended question, to giveproportions of weightings
Research question 2What criteria do fund managersand analysts apply to this
assessment?
Booth, 1999Day & Fahey, 2003
Questions 3 & 4 Frequency analysis on fixed sumscale to determine categories andrank order them
Research question 3How do analysts and fundmanagers incorporate judgementson the management of companiesinto their overall assessment of acompany?
Booth, 1999Serwer, 2005
Questions 5&6 Content analysis on open endedquestions, to determine range ofoptions and how they are used
Research question 4What methodologies do analystsuse to gather information on themanagement of companies?
Stewart, 2003Magnus, 2001
Question 7. Content analysis to uncover typesof communication channels
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