research in communicative disorders1 scott bradley, ph.d. university of wisconsin-whitewater
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
1
Research in Communicative Disorders
Scott Bradley, Ph.D.
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
![Page 2: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
2
Introduction (chap 1)
Why Do We Study Research?
Types of Research
The Research Study
![Page 3: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
3
Why Do We Study Research?
Consumers of Research
Producers of Research
![Page 4: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
4
Types of Research
Basic vs. applied research
Experimental vs. descriptive research
![Page 5: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
5
The Research Study
Introduction Title Abstract Introduction/review of the literature Statement of the problem
![Page 6: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
6
The Research Study (cont.)
Method Subjects Materials/Instrumentation Procedure
Results
Conclusions and discussion
![Page 7: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
7
Research Strategies (chap 2)
Variables in Empirical Research
Experimental Research
Descriptive Research
![Page 8: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
8
Variables in Empirical Research
Independent & Dependent Variables
Active & Attribute Variables
Continuous and Categorical Variables
![Page 9: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
9
Independent & Dependent Variables
Independent variable is presumed cause of the dependent variable.
Independent variable is controlled by experimenter
Dependent variable is what is measured.
![Page 10: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
10
Active & Attribute Variables
Active variables are variables that can be manipulated. Active variables are usually associated w/
experimental research
Attribute variables are attributes which describe a specific group or condition and can not be actively manipulated Attribute variables are usually associated w/
descriptive research.
![Page 11: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
11
Continuous and Categorical Variables
Continuous Range along a continuum E.g., age, frequency, dB, rating scale, height
Categorical Separate categories E.g., male v. female, conductive loss v. sensori
neural loss, disordered language v. normal language.
![Page 12: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
12
Experimental Research
Characteristics Must have a purpose, research quest. or
hypothesis. Control occurrence of events Findings can be replicated Variables may be manipulated.
![Page 13: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
13
Experimental Research (cont.)
Types of experimental research Bivalent experiments Multivalent experiments Parametric experiments
![Page 14: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
14
Bivalent experiments
Must contain only two levels or categories of an independent variable. E.g., .5 mg v. .10 mg, males v. females, low
pitch v. high pitch, etc.
Can lead to erroneous results if an artificial dichotomy exists.
![Page 15: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
15
Multivalent experiments
More than two levels or categories of the independent variable.
Provides a more complete picture of the effects of the independent variable.
![Page 16: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
16
Parametric experiments
Simultaneous effect of more than one independent variable.
Has the advantage of looking at more than one factor and to examine interaction between the independent variables.
![Page 17: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
17
Descriptive Research
Differences between descriptive and experimental research.
Attributes Does not lead to cause & effect relationship Can be as effective as experimental research
under certain circumstances
![Page 18: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
18
Descriptive Research (cont.)
Comparative Research
Developmental Research
Correlational Research
Surveys
Case Study, Single Subject, and Retrospective Research
![Page 19: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
19
Comparative Research
Probably the most common type of descriptive research
Problem w/ cause and effect
Problem with uncontrolled variables
![Page 20: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
20
Developmental Research
Examines effect of age or maturation.
Designs Cross-sectional Longitudinal Semi-longitudinal
![Page 21: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
21
Correlational Research
Examines the relationship between two or more variables
Purpose of correlational research Examine how closely one variable relates to
another Ability to predict one variable from another
![Page 22: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
22
ScatterplotThe effects of the smart pill on intelligence
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Dosage
IQ
![Page 23: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
23
Surveys
Purpose
Questionnaires v. interviews
Pros and Cons
![Page 24: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
24
Case Study, Single Subject, Retrospective
Case Study
Single subject
Retrospective
![Page 25: Research in Communicative Disorders1 Scott Bradley, Ph.D. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f165503460f94c2c9f4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Research in Communicative Disorders
25
Last Slide