research into sustainable energy and smart energy systems€¦ · less energy –more electricity...

© EnergyVille

Researchinto sustainable energy

and smart energy systems

© EnergyVille

Energy System in Transition

Prosumers in Built

Environment More Electrification

DisruptiveStorage

Technology

DC both Bulk and Nanogrid

Unbundling > New services & market models

Internet of Power

More Intermittencyand Flexibility

CompetitiveRenewableEnergy

Thermal heat for the future

comfort

Interwoven energy vectors

Megatrends

© EnergyVille

313/05/2016

EnergyVille

Large Energy ConsumersCommodity

PRICE, PRICE, PRICE and reliabilityElectricity and gas are productsEurope based

Service for Small ConsumersEnergy sources: do not care

Comfort, well‐beingSME: Sit back and relaxLocal‐based (Flanders, ….)

© EnergyVille

413/05/2016

Large Energy Consumers

Energy: one of the major cost driversMainly electricity and/or gasConversion internally (CHP)Flexibility in some of the manufacturing processes recognisedFlexibility can become much wider(eg electrical steam generation)Sourcing: Europe‐wide for electricity; global for gasOften international contractsInternal competition (different sites globally and European): energy price as element of choice

© EnergyVille

513/05/2016

Small Energy Consumers

Home: gas, heat, electricitySME: manufacturingOffice BuildingsSpecific buildings (hospitals, education, … )Ownership is critical

© EnergyVille

613/05/2016

Is Energy Efficiency THE Issue?

Comfort or efficiencyWhat if marginal cost is zero?Capex versus OpexFlexibility may cause energy loss(cooling warehouses)Quality of energy:low temperature heat versus electricityBetter efficiency, less flexibility

© EnergyVille

713/05/2016

Consumer at the Center

Energy System

Strategy & MarketStrategy & Market

EnergynetworksEnergynetworksBuildings and districtsBuildings and districts

Components & materialsComponents & materials

Energy‐storageEnergy‐storage

© EnergyVille

813/05/2016

Less energy – More electricity – Smart Heat

Better insulation: electric heating & increased potential for renewablesHeat pumps: combination of green electricity and green heatAdvanced heat networks (4th generation)Renewables: common carrier is electricityTransportGas demand goes down

© EnergyVille

913/05/2016

The end of the kWh as billing unit for energy

30 % is commodity (energy) cost40 % grid30 % leviesOnly for commodity kWh is relevantGrid: capacityLevies: policyCommodity is marginal cost, goes to zeroCapacity for grid serviceLocal generation/storage: disconnection feasible?Insurance contracts

© EnergyVille

1013/05/2016

The world is changing

Europe:

© EnergyVille

1113/05/2016


Europe:

© EnergyVille

1213/05/2016


Europe:

© EnergyVille

1313/05/2016


Europe:

© EnergyVille

1413/05/2016

Trends

Large‐scale integration of Renewable Energy Sources

Large‐scale integration of Distributed Energy Resources

Evolution towards smart grids

© EnergyVille

1513/05/2016

Demand drives generation

!

Challenges

!!!

!!!

generation drives demand

!!!

Techno‐economical puzzle: coordinated grid actions with all the players involved

Bidirectional flows

© EnergyVille

1613/05/2016

Smart Homes … from which perspective?

Home AutomationLightingSecurityMultimedia

Smart Construction (NZEB)InsulationVentilationHeat pumpNatural light / sunblinds

Smart Energy SystemsSmart heat PumpSolar panelsSmart Household AppliancesEV Charging

© EnergyVille

1713/05/2016

Nearly Zero Energy Buildings

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

jan/13

feb/13

mrt/13

apr/13

mei/13

jun/13

jul/1

3

aug/13

sep/13

okt/13

nov/13

dec/13

jan/14

feb/14

mrt/14

apr/14

mei/14

jun/14

jul/1

4

aug/14

sep/14

okt/14

nov/14

dec/14

kWh

consumption PV

?

Nuclear phased out by 2025Currently no investments in gas plantsBiomass: 200M€/year subsidies for 400 MW plant

Insulation

Ventilation

Heat pumps

+ PV

And the reality of energy markets

© EnergyVille

1813/05/2016

InvestmentsROI(financial)

Peace of mind (insurance)

Time Management (comfort)

reduce CONNECTION CAPACITY, while increasing total electricity consumption?Back‐up = STORAGEHEATING + DC (LED, multimedia, mobility, …)?

AUTOMATED SYSTEMSclimate control, cost savings ToU prices?

Your Home, an Intelligent Energy Cluster

© EnergyVille

1913/05/2016

Flexibility is key – an opportunity!

Consumer-side FlexibilityShiftable Demand

Generation-side FlexibilityFlexible Generation

StorageElectricyHeat

© EnergyVille

2013/05/2016

Consumer Flexibility: demand response

When large amounts of renewable energy are injected, grid overload situations are possible

Activation of additional demand can solve this

Quote (Art. 15.8) from the European Commission Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU):

“Member states shall promote access to and participation of Demand Response in balancing, reserves and other system services markets”

flexibleload

© EnergyVille

2113/05/2016

Sources of Consumer Flexibility

Residential SME & buildings Large Industry

© EnergyVille

2213/05/2016




Flexibility is key – an opportunity!

© EnergyVille

2313/05/2016

Batteries

Pro:ScalabilityEfficiencyEnergy DensityMass Production

Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehiclesBjörn Nykvist and Måns Nilsson, Nature Climate Change, 2015

© EnergyVille

2413/05/2016

Flexibility is key




IB8 zou leuk zijn als we hiervan 3 bolletjes konden maken die dan in de trechter belanden... maar ook wel veel werk :)Isabelle Borremans; 23/09/2015

© EnergyVille

2513/05/2016

Back to the future: Decentralised Supply

MICROGRID

FlexibleDemand

Storage

Distributed Generation

© EnergyVille

2613/05/2016

Why would flexibility work now?

We’ve already seen:Demand‐side managementDecentralised systemsElectrical vehicles

© EnergyVille

2713/05/2016

Why would flexibility work now?

All devicesCommunicateWith each otherShare information

Greater efficiencyAutomationSecurityComfort

© EnergyVille

2813/05/2016

Flemish energy research partnership by

KU LeuvenElectaBuilding PhysicsMechanics

imecPhotovoltaic Research

VITOEnergy TechnologySustainable Cities

© EnergyVille

2913/05/2016

Flemish energy research partnership by

EnergyVille

© EnergyVille

3013/05/2016

Research – Development – Training – Industrial Innovation

For:IndustryPublic Entities

EnergyVille

Expertise in sustainable energy and intelligent energy systems

in the built environment

With:Local partnersRegional partnersInternational partners

© EnergyVille

3113/05/2016

EnergyVille: some figures

Employees >700 >6000 >3400

Revenues (Meuro) 146 815 363

PhD’s 70 >5000 250

“Employees” 200

Revenues (Meuro) 34

PhD’s 95

© EnergyVille

3213/05/2016

Some of our global R&D partners

Distribution & transmission

system operators

Smart grid component

manufacturers

Material suppliers

Equipment and device makers

Renewable energy

production

LamRESEARCH

and about 100 more...

© EnergyVille

3313/05/2016

EnergyVille

15.000m² floor area5.000m² lab infrastructure200 desksParking lot : electrical vehiclesBREEAM excellenceLIVING LAB and by extension ‘regulation free area’

© EnergyVille

3413/05/2016

Labs

Battery Testing LabHome LabSmart Grid InfrastructureLabThermo Technical LabMedium Voltage LabPV Metrology LabMatrix Lab

© EnergyVille

3513/05/2016

The story continues: EnergyVille 2

Facilities4.900 m2 floor space:

2.000 m2 lab space2.900 m2 offices

Planning:Apr 2016:building permitAug 2016:start constructionDec 2017: construction endedApr 2018: installation finished

© EnergyVille

3613/05/2016

Embedded in an eco‐system

© EnergyVille

3713/05/2016

R&D thematics & roadmaps

Storage

Battery management technologies

New technology for short term storage

Long term storage

Thermal storage

Strategy & markets

Interoperable flexible trading platforms for energy services and grids

Energymonitoring andpolicy

Energy scenarios andstrategies

Energy networks

Decision tools for grid operators

High voltage direct current grids (HVDC)

4th generationheat networks

Micro- and nanogrids with direct current (DC)

Them

atics

Road

map

s

Buildings & Districts

Design of energy districts

Innovative buidlingconcepts

Materials & Components

High-efficient & easthetic PV-modules & -panels

GaN and passives for power electronics

Energy conversion technology

© EnergyVille

3813/05/2016

Strategy & Markets

© EnergyVille

3913/05/2016

Strategies and markets

Interoperable flexible trading platforms for energy services and gridsEnergy monitoring and policyEnergy scenarios and strategies

© EnergyVille

4013/05/2016

for energy services and gridsNew concepts forelectricity marketsInteroperability

CommunicationIT

Virtual Power PlantsEnergy System AnalysisLiving Labs

Interoperable flexible trading platforms

© EnergyVille

4113/05/2016

Energy monitoring and policy

Energy Scenarios Prognosis for future energy system taking into account existing and/or new policy measureTechno‐economic scenario’s to evolve to high share of renewables Role of different stakeholders and sectors in energy transitionMarket introduction of new energy technologies

Energy policy Impact of policy measures on renewable energy and energy efficiency Optimal integration of renewable energy in dense urban areas

© EnergyVille

4213/05/2016

Energy as a service in multi‐commodity systems

AC

HCG

gas

DC

grids

inverter battery charger

wind pv batteries

geothermal

HP

ORCCHPstorage PCM

II000

III00

II0III

II0III

00II0

00III

0IIII

I000

IIIIII

IIIII0

00I0

I0I0

00III

00II0

00III

0IIII

I000

IIIIII

IIIII0

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IIII0

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I000

III00

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III0I

IIII0

00III

IIIIII

II000

1101

1100

boiler

ICTservices

multimedia

lighting

cooking

charging EV

laundry

heatingcoolingshower

© EnergyVille

4313/05/2016

Project zProject y

Project x

EnergyVille ICT‐platform

building management systems

batteries

market information

sensor datasubmetering

meteo

intelligent systemsanalysis and reporting

hosting experiments

simulations

lab set-ups

control strategies

models

adapThor

© EnergyVille

4413/05/2016

Energy networks

© EnergyVille

4513/05/2016

Energy Networks

Decision tools for grid operatorsHigh voltage direct current grids (HVDC)4th generation heat networksMicro‐ and nanogrids with direct current (DC)

© EnergyVille

4613/05/2016

Decision tools for network operators

Grid investmentsGeneration unit commitment New operational modes forsystemsGrid code complianceControl of RES to participatein ancillary servicesMaintaining system reliabilityunder uncertainty

© EnergyVille

4713/05/2016

High voltage direct current grids (HVDC)

New revivalAdditional controllability in the power systemOffshore grid developmentLong distance underground connectionsTowards an HVDC supergrid

© EnergyVille

4913/05/2016

Micro‐ and nanogrids with direct current (DC)

Small, efficient and reliableDC/DC convertersOptimized architecture and DC grid controlSafety, reliability andprotection of DC gridsInterconnection with the AC grid

© EnergyVille

52

Design of energy districts

FigureOverview drawing of

the researched context, i.e. residential

heat pump‐based low‐energy dwellings

in the low‐voltage distribution grid.

photovoltaicsystemheat pump‐based

heating system

grid‐connectedthus inter‐ and intra‐

connected

On externalities of heat-pump based low-energy dwellings at the low-voltage distribution grid, R. Baetens, 2015

© EnergyVille

5313/05/2016

Innovative building concepts

Integrated District Energy Assessment by SimulationModelica LibraryInteraction with electrical or thermal loads & generatorsInteraction with low‐voltage distribution grid

© EnergyVille

5513/05/2016

Energy storage

Battery management technologiesNew technology for short term storageLong term storageThermal storage

© EnergyVille

5613/05/2016

Battery management technologies

Battery modellingPatented technology forbattery management systemsGrid connection: power conversion and switchingTesting, evaluation anddimensioning of storage systemsEnergy management

© EnergyVille

5713/05/2016

New technology for short term storage

Development of core technology and systems for thin‐film batteries and composite batteries Adressing the issues of electronic and ionic conductivity though architecture and materials

Thin‐film batteries (Wh‐level)

Composite batteries(kWh‐level)

Ultra-fast charging and modular batteries for IoT, wearables and electronics where space

and battery capacity is restricted

High-energy batteries for local storage and transportation where safety and durability is important

© EnergyVille

5813/05/2016

Long term storage

Database of storage facilities (existing & new)

batteries, pumped hydro, LNG, ..

Modelling Energy System of EU28Define cost efficient use of storage scenario's

© EnergyVille

5913/05/2016

Thermal storage

Thermally activated building systems (TABS)

State‐of‐Charge (SoC) definition based on minimal number of states (minimal amount of sensors)Optimal exploitation of the energy storage capacity by model predictive control

© EnergyVille

6113/05/2016

Materials and components

High‐efficient & easthetic PV‐modules & ‐panelsGaN and passives for power electronicsEnergy conversion technology

© EnergyVille

6213/05/2016

Drivers for façade‐integrated PVTall nearly zero energy buildings

potential market 10xGW/yr

AestheticsLower overall cost: building + PV

High‐efficient & easthetic PV‐modules & ‐panels

© EnergyVille

6313/05/2016

Back‐contact (MWT) Si‐PV modulesRooftop & rooftileImproved aestheticsHigher efficiencyCost‐effective Si‐PV

High‐efficient & easthetic PV‐modules & ‐panels

Demonstrators & facilities

© EnergyVille

6413/05/2016

Based on Gallium Nitride (GaN)High‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT)‘Wide‐bandgap’: higher‐energy electronic band gapsHeterostructure structure: field‐effect transistor with junction between materials with different gapsDevice manufacturers and developers


© EnergyVille

6513/05/2016

≈


Storage

DC bus (+380V/-380V)

DC/DC micro-converter (～ 300W)

DC/AC bidirectional inverter with grid support

GRID

DC loads ↗: electronics, LED, electric vehicles, …Advantages:

AreaMaterial costReliabilityConversion losses

Emerging industrialinterest

© EnergyVille

6613/05/2016

Research FocusOptimised design for ORC/HP with increased (electric and thermal) efficiencyCharacterisation of dynamic behaviour to improve the interaction with the thermal network

Energy conversion technology

© EnergyVille

6713/05/2016

Collaboration with industry

Success-ful

Mission Opera-tions

System Complete

& Qualified

Opera-tional

Demon-stration

Demon-stration

Valida-tion in

Relevant Environ-

ment

Valida-tion in

Lab

Proof of Concept

Techno-logy

Concept

Basic Principles

Academic Chair

Cooperation in publicly financed projects

Open innovation

Common R&D project

Spin‐off

Technology transfer

Contract Research

Technology Readiness Level

Possible collaboration frameworks

research into sustainable energy and smart energy systems€¦ · less energy –more electricity...

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