research on the hybrid anp-fce approach of urban community

Research ArticleResearch on the Hybrid ANP-FCE Approach of UrbanCommunity Sustainable Construction Problem

Tong Zou 1 Yikun Su2 and YaowuWang3

1School of Management Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China2School of Civil Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China3Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation ofCivil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001 China

Correspondence should be addressed to Tong Zou zoutong0405163com

Received 5 April 2018 Revised 19 June 2018 Accepted 28 June 2018 Published 10 July 2018

Academic Editor Nicholas Chileshe

Copyright copy 2018 TongZou et alThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License whichpermits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

As an important component of urban construction the development of the community is of great significance to the sustainableconstruction of the entire society The previous studies mainly focused on quantitative research and were limited by the datacollectability affecting the scientificity of the index system Therefore based on the theory of sustainable development throughthe review of previous literature combined with relevant experts opinions and community development goals and other factors aqualitative evaluation index system for community sustainable development capacity was established The ANP (analytic networkprocess) method is mainly used to determine the weight of each indicator and FCE (fuzzy comprehensive evaluation) is proposedto determine every indicatorrsquosmembershipThen the hybrid fuzzy evaluation is promoted to evaluate the selected community as theempirical study In this paper the indicator selection is not limited by objective factors and the evaluation system is more accuratethe application of ANP method makes the results of weight more scientific meanwhile fuzzy comprehensive evaluation can besuitable for solving various nondeterministic problems This study transforms qualitative research into quantitative research itprovides an effective evaluationmethod for local managers and decision makers to carry out community sustainable construction

1 Introduction

Sustainable development has now been recognized as apriority by most countries[1 2] About 65 of the worldrsquospopulation is expected to live in urban areas by the year 2025Due to the rapid pace of urbanization natural ecosystems areincreasingly replaced by cities[3] followed bymany problemssuch as traffic jams housing shortages resource shortagesnoise and air and water pollution people are becomingincreasingly aware of the importance of improving livingstandards[4] As a regional society the community is acommunity of peoplersquos social life in a certain geographicalarea and it is also the first social space to meet the needsof residents[5] Therefore to realize the healthy and orderlydevelopment of the city the first step is to conduct thecommunity sustainable construction[6] The goal of making

cities and human settlements inclusive safe resilient andsustainable has been proposed byworld leaders who attendeda special summit held at the United Nations in New York andadopted the ldquo2030 Agendardquo in September 2015[7] Based onsocial development and living demands regardless of deci-sion makers or researchers the problem of the communitysustainable construction has become a necessary agenda

In order to pursue social sustainable development theassessment work of community sustainable constructionproblem is very important[8ndash10] The existing indicator sys-tem does provide valuable guidance for helping the commu-nitymove toward sustainable development Howevermost ofthe previous studies are based on studies of special regions orspecial forms of communities such as rural community[11ndash13] or focus on sustainable development in certain areasof the community such as community resources supply

HindawiMathematical Problems in EngineeringVolume 2018 Article ID 8572498 10 pageshttpsdoiorg10115520188572498

2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

and public health [14 15] it is relatively rare to conductsustainable development research from the perspective of thewhole community Some studies have proposed an evaluationindex system and consider that the importance of eachindicator is consistent or even ignore the weight of indicatorthis method does not meet the actual situation[16] Mean-while most of the previous index systems use quantifiableindicators as the evaluation criteria and use the relativelymacroscopic panel data for evaluation [17 18] The datanamely population growth rate and average annual growthrate of GDP are relatively easy to obtain but they are toomacro and cannot be used as a typical indicator to measuresustainable development of the community Therefore thismethod of selecting indicators that are limited by data cannotfully reflect the comprehensiveness of community sustainabledevelopment

To solve the problem of the commonality of indicatorsand calculation methods this study proposes a systematicevaluation system from the perspective of qualitative analysisthe systemdoes not consider the limitations of data collectionfactors and it provides a more scientific indicator systemCombining previous research results practical experienceand expertsrsquo opinions from the perspective of the funda-mental factors and development goals that influence thesustainable construction of the community the study buildsa community sustainable development evaluation systemand develops a hybrid ANP-FCE evaluation method thattransforms qualitative research into quantitative researchThis method not only can consider the mutual influencebetween indicators but also better solves the problem thatthe indicator is difficult to quantify which provides goodguidance for decisionmakers andmanagers in the sustainabledevelopment of the community

2 An Overview of the CriticalFactors for Urban CommunitySustainable Construction

21 Analysis of Urban Community Construction Cities areimportant space carriers for regional economic developmentand social progress With the development of social econ-omy the worldrsquos population is increasingly concentrated incities The level of urbanization is widely considered to bean important symbol of economic development and socialprogress in a country or region The community is a productof the process of urbanization It is a miniature unit ofthe city and integrates society space organization life andhistory[34] The community refers to the social life com-munity formed by people gathered in a certain geographicalarea[16] they are social groups with similar cultural char-acteristics and have a common organization and commonliving space[34] With the improvement of living standardspeoplersquos requirements for residential area standards havebeen continuously improved and the continuous progressof urbanization processes and other factors require thetransformation and upgrading of traditional communitiesThe function of the community should not only be to solvethe problem of peoplersquos residence Under the basic conditions

of providing safe buildings for residents it should also createa clean and comfortable living environment for residentsand provide convenient and good community services and avariety of cultural life[10] Therefore the issue of communityconstruction problem has become an important issue thatpeople cannot ignore

22 Factors Analysis for Urban Community Sustainable Con-struction Sustainable development is an important issue inthe world care as an important product of urbanizationthe community is the important base for the country toimplement the strategy of sustainable development[35] Andthe sustainable development of the community is a crit-ical keyword to improving the quality of life[36] Basedon the concept of the community it combines a varietyof social economic environmental and cultural conflictsthus forming a kind of social-economic-natural complexecosystem[37] Because community sustainable developmentis of great importance to the harmonious development of asociety and people the indicators and assessment models areneeded to set criterion and some research and explorationon evaluation of community sustainable construction havealready been concerned

Chandra (1974) had conducted the evaluation of urbancommunity development problem in 1974 and proposedthat area development is the main factor to influence thecommunity sustainable construction[13] After that manyresearchers improve this point of view and put forward somespecific indicators such as the elements of socioeconomicand demographic factors[20] community economic devel-opment labour market programmes[21] and outdoor andindoor environment[28] These influencing factors are basi-cally studied from economic and environmental indicatorsWith the deepening of research people pay more attentionto the humanistic environment of the community and alongwith the proposal of green communities and ecologicalcommunities the standards for the buildings have alsochanged Some research findings indicate that communitysustainable development is correlated with improvementsin elite participation[38] social services community lifecultural identity[29] and community participation[31 3239]The building standard needs to meet the requirements ofgreen building[28] especially the aspects of energy efficientand building function [40]

In order to understand the factors needed for the sustain-able development of the community this study first collectedsome relevant factors from the literature And then thecurrent direction of sustainable community construction alsowas obtained from the interviews of five university professorswith relevant research experience According to the resultsof the literature review 12 primary indicators were obtainedincluding economic development resource consumptionenergy use urban demand residentsrsquo needs resources andenvironment social development ecological architectureinfrastructure construction cultural environment commu-nity security and community management At the same time53 secondary indicators also have been acquired such as percapita GDP per capita living area per capita possession ofroad area green space rate building density unemployment

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3

Table 1 Critical factors of community sustainable development

Factor Indicator Explanation of the indicators References

C1 Economic potential C11 Housing price Reasonable housing prices can increasecommunity purchase rate [19]

C12 Regional advantage Regional advantages increase communitypurchasing rate [20 21]

C13 Employment opportunity Employment opportunity reducescommunity unemployment [21]

C14 Economic vitality Great economic potential guarantees thefuture development of the community [22]

C15 Governance mode

Diversification of governance models toensure that communities can co-ordinatemultiple social resources and stimulate

diversity in society

[23 24]

C2 Environmental construction C21 Natural environment Beautiful natural environment improvescomfort [25 26]

C22 Living conditions Living conditions will affect residentsrsquoliving comfort [27]

C23 Public traffic Reasonable traffic planning improves theconvenience of residentsrsquo travel [22 28]

C24 Resource consumptionClean water resources and Energy savingare beneficial to the health of residents

and economic development[18 28]

C25 Solid waste management Effective management of wastes toimprove environmental cleanliness [16 18]

C3 Social development C31 Culture life The diversity of cultural life enhances thelife fun of residents [27]

C32 Supporting facility Improvement of supporting facilities toimprove the convenience of residents [27 29]

C33 Supporting service Humanization of supporting services tomeet the needs of residents [22 27]

C34 Informatization degreeHigher degree of informatizationimproves residentsrsquo information

reception speed[27 30]

C35 Community security Community safety can effectively protectresidentsrsquo safety [18 27]

C36 Community participation Extensive community involvement canimprove community governance [31 32]

C4 Building performance C41 Building structuralBuilding structure design is beautiful and

reasonable to enhance the beauty ofbuildings

[22]

C42 Building function Perfect building function can protectresidentsrsquo needs [22 28]

C43 Building quality The quality of the building is intact toensure the safety of residents [16 22]

C44 Floor area ratio A small volume ratio means fewer floorsand better indoor lighting [27 33]

C45 Building densitySmall building density ensures that thebuilding spacing is large resulting in a

higher greening rate[27 30]

rate community residents crime level public participationand the number of higher education students According tothe interviews of five experts we deleted some overlappingand cross-over indicators and over-macro-indicators andretained some indicators that were most relevant to thesustainable development of the community Finally fourprimary indicators and 21 secondary indicators were deter-mined as shown in Table 1

3 Research Methodology

According to previous studies it can be found that thereare currently many methods for evaluation such as Delphimethod entropy method factor analysis method and ana-lytic hierarchy process These methods have the advantagesof convenient application but there are also some inevitableproblems [41] The implementation of the Delphi method is


Literature review

Expert opinion

Practice experienceCritical

indicators identification

ANP method

FCE method

Fuzzy evaluation

Figure 1 The flowchart of the research method

complicated and takes a long time Entropy strictly enforcesmathematical laws ignoring the subjective intentions ofdecision makers The factor analysis method has strictrequirements on the objective data collected and the analytichierarchy process ignores the influence relationship betweenthe indicators [42]

However in the process of studying the communitysustainable development indicators it is found that theindicators are not mutually independent they interactedwith each other For example in the factor of C1 (economicpotential) the indicator of C11 (housing price) is relatedto the indicator of C12 (regional advantage) the goodcommunity location leads to higher housing prices and thismutual influence and interaction constitute a new feature ofcommunity sustainable development that cannot be ignoredTherefore in the weight distribution of the index system theANP (Analytic Network Process) is used to assign weightsto each indicator ANP not only considers the correlationbetween various factors but also can give feedback to theentire model form a network relationship and be more inline with the actual situation of the decision-making process[42 43]

At the same time we found that there are still someuncertainties and ambiguities in the evaluation indicatorsFor example C41 (building structural) is not suitable forevaluation with accurate numerical value Even if someindicators can be input with accurate numerical values ifthere is no comparison it is impossible to determine whetherthe status of the target of the research object is good or badBased on this this study uses FCE (Fuzzy ComprehensiveEvaluation) to evaluate the factorsrsquo membership FCE is acomprehensive evaluationmethod based on fuzzymathemat-ics It uses the principle of fuzzy relation synthesis to quantifysome factors that have unclear boundaries and are difficult toquantify

Therefore the research methods used in this paper arebriefly introduced in Figure 1 According to the literaturereview practical experience and expert opinion the studyidentifies the key factors of the community sustainable devel-opment and then combines the research object of this paperand establishes an ANP-FCE based assessment model forcommunity sustainable development where ANP is used todetermine the weight of indicators and FCE is to determinethe factorsrsquo membership FCE is based on ANP and theywork together to make the evaluation result more clearand effective[44] This section studies the related calculationprinciples of ANP-FCE and then gives the hybrid evaluationstep of the community sustainable construction

The basic calculation steps of ANP are as follows

Step 1 (construct the ANP structure) ANP divides the entiresystem element into two major parts[45] According tothe research content of this paper ANP network structureis shown in Figure 2 The first part is called the controlhierarchy including the decision goals and criteria All thecriteria are considered independent of each other and onlysubject to the goal The community sustainable developmentis the decision goal in the control hierarchy The second partis called the network hierarchy It is composed of elementgroups such as C1-C4 proposed by this study These elementgroups are controlled by the control hierarchy The systeminternals are similar to the mutual influence of the networksystem

Step 2 (survey of the relevance of indicators) The secondphase is to investigate how critical factors of the communitysustainable development interact The list of critical factorsto the community sustainable development (see in Table 1) isalready drawn from the extensive literature review practicalexperience and expert opinion It is based on the complexrelationships between indicators and the ANP model thathave already been built Experts fill in the pairwise compari-sonmatrix of the correlation indexThe degree of dominanceindicated by the scale method used is shown in Table 2 Therange of score changes is 1-9

Step 3 (construct an unweighted supermatrix) The superma-trix constructs the degree of interaction between elementsSupermatrix presents this degree in the form of a blockmatrix The elements in the constructed matrix representthe degree of influence of the underlying element on theelements above it[46] such as11988211986213

11986215 this formula represents

the impact of the indicator C15 (governance mode) on theindicator C13 (employment opportunity) this judgment pro-cess is completed by experts The element-level supermatrixconstruction of this study is shown in formula (1) The resultcan indicate the local dominance of this element in its elementgroup

W =

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

11988211986211119862111198821198621211986211 11988211986245

11986211

11988211986211119862121198821198621211986212 11988211986245

11986212

11988211986211119862131198821198621211986213 11988211986245

11986213

11988211986211119862431198821198621211986243 11988211986245

11986243

11988211986211119862441198821198621211986244 11988211986245

11986244

11988211986211119862451198821198621211986245 11988211986245

11986245

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(1)


C1 Economicpotential

C2 Environmentalconstruction

Community sustainable construction

helliphellip Criteria Pn

Control

hierarchyN

etwork

hierarchy

C3 Socialdevelopment

C4 Buildingperformance

ＬＣＮＬＣ０1

Figure 2The basic structure of ANP

Table 2 The value of scale and explanation (parts)

No The degree of dominance indicated Score range Final store1 C13 Employment opportunity is moderately to strongly more important than C12 Regional Advantage 1-9 42 C22 Living conditions are moderately more important than C24 Energy uses 1-9 33 C33 Supporting service is equally to moderately more important than C32 Supporting facility 1-9 24 C45 Building density is equally to moderately more important than (C44) Floor area ratio 1-9 1

Step 4 (construct a weighted supermatrix) According tothe principle of ANP calculation there is also a mutualinfluence between element groups Formula (2) represents anelement group level supermatrixThe formula of1199081198882

1198881indicates

the impact of the indicator C1 (economic potential) on theindicator C2 (environmental construction) Meanwhile bycomparing different element groups a normalized sortingvector can be obtained followed by a weighted matrix Awhich consisted of every normalized sorting vector as shownin formula (3) Multiply the matrix A and W to get theweighted supermatrix (see formula (4)) Then we can get theglobal dominance of the element

w =[[[[[[[

11990811988811198881119908119888211988811199081198883119888111990811988841198881

11990811988811198882119908119888211988821199081198883119888211990811988841198882

11990811988811198883119908119888211988831199081198883119888311990811988841198883

11990811988811198884119908119888211988841199081198883119888411990811988841198884

]]]]]]]

(2)

A =[[[[[[

11988611119886121198861311988614

119886211198862222311988624

11988631119886321198863311988634

11988641 11988642 11988643 11988644

]]]]]]

(3)

119882 =W times A (4)

Step 5 (solve the limit supermatrix) In decision-makingin order to reflect the dependencies between elements theweighted supermatrix119882 needs to be stabilized by calculatingthe limit of the power of the weighted hypermatrix we get thecomprehensive ranking of the supermatrix[47]

1198821015840 = lim119903997888rarrinfin119882119903 (5)

The basic calculation steps of FCE are as follows

Step 1 (determine the evaluation indicators) The evaluationindicators of the community sustainable development (seeTable 1) are already drawn from the extensive literaturereview practical experience and expert opinion C =1198621 1198622 1198623 1198624 where 119862

1represents economic potential 119862

2

represents environmental construction 1198623represents social

development and 1198624represents building performance

Step 2 (construct an evaluation set) The evaluation set is acollection of various results that the evaluator may make onthe evaluation object The evaluation set of the indicator canbe expressed as F = 119891

1 1198912 1198913 1198914 1198915 where 119891

1means very

low 1198912 means lower 1198913 means general 1198914 means higher and1198915means very high

Step 3 (construct the FCE matrix) If the membership ofthe first element in the factor set 119862

1to the first element


Table 3 The membership of the indicator (R1)

1198911

1198912

1198913

1198914

1198915

11986211

119903111

119903112

119903113

119903114

119903115

11986212

119903121

119903122

119903123

119903124

119903125

11986213

119903131

119903132

119903133

119903134

119903135

11986214

119903141

119903142

119903143

119903144

119903145

11986215

119903151

119903152

119903145

119903154

119903155

Table 4 The information of selected community

Community name Year of completion Number of households Total surface area (m2) Floor Area Ratio Greening rateMin Xing Garden June 2002 1006 165000 20 35

in the evaluation set 1198911is 119903111

the result of the singleelement evaluation can be expressed as a fuzzy set 119903

11=

(119903111 119903112 119903113 119903114 119903115) where normalized values need to be

satisfied where 119903111+ 119903112+ 119903113+ 119903114+ 119903115= 1 and

the evaluation method of indicator membership which beproposed by experts can be described in Table 3 Takingthe five single factor evaluation sets which consisted of11990311 11990312 11990313 11990314 11990315

as the rows the matrix of 1198771= 1199035times5

canbe called the FCE (Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation) matrixas shown in formula (6) with the same method to calculatethemembership of119877

211987731198774Therefore final comprehensive

evaluation matrix can be descripted by a set of four factorsrsquomatrix as shown in formula (7)

1198771=[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

119903121119903122119903123119903124119903125

119903131119903132119903133119903134119903135

119903141119903142119903143119903144119903145

119903151119903152119903153119903154119903155

]]]]]]]]]

(6)

R =[[[[[[

1198771

11987721198773

1198774

]]]]]]=

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211119903212119903213119903214119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(7)

Step 4 (fuzzy synthesis and comprehensive evaluation)Based on the ANP calculation results we can obtain theweight of each indicator and express the fuzzy set of indicatorweight sets as A1015840 = (119860

1 1198602 1198603 1198604) after identifying the

comprehensive evaluation matrix R and the factor weight

vector A by fuzzy change of the fuzzy vector A on F to thefuzzy vector B on F as shown in in the following formula

B = A1015840 ∘ R= (119886101584011 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

21 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

31 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

41 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

45)

times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211 119903212 119903213 119903214 119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (1198871 1198872 1198873 1198874 1198875)

(8)

where ∘ is called synthesis evaluation synthesis operatorand it can be taken as general matrix multiplication Forthe final result it is processed according to maximummembership principle of FCE and the evaluation result of theevaluated object can be obtained

4 Empirical Study

In this section the empirical evaluation study of the ANP-FCE method can be shown as follows First according to theevaluation systemof the community sustainable development(see Table 1) which is already drawn from the extensiveliterature review practical experience and expert opinioncalculate the weight of every indicator with the help of ANPmethod And then based on the case community which hasalready been selected and the weights FCE method con-ducts the comprehensive evaluation The relevant judgmentsappearing in the above process are completed by selectedexperts (see in Table 5) The information of the selectedcommunity can be shown in Table 4

The selected community in this empirical study is theMin Xing Garden in Dalian Liaoning Province China Thecommunity was completed in 2002 and its development is


Table 5 The information of selected experts

Expert Working organization Role in the organizationA University ProfessorB University ProfessorC University ProfessorD University ProfessorE University ProfessorF Contractor PlannerG Real estate company DeveloperI Government GovernorJ Community ResidentH Property department Property manager

relatively mature It has a mature social environment andconstruction level At the same time taking Dalian peoplersquosSquare as the center it is within 2km from the city centertherefore it has good economic potential

In this paper ten experts who are familiar with com-munity sustainable construction give the weights and mem-berships of each indicator through a questionnaire surveyConsidering the stability of the results this study will takethe average of ten expertsrsquo results as the final outcomesThe experts are composed of five university professors withrelevant research experience and the other five stakeholdersThe collected data of ten questionnaires is valid

Through the above detailed explanation of the researchmethod and calculation principles the study constructs astructural evaluation system of urban community sustainabledevelopment And then based on the average survey resultfrom ten experts this research can obtain every indicatorweight (see in Table 6) The operation solving process whereexperts use ANP to analyze evaluate and construct thejudgment matrix is very complicated this study will not showfurther details in this article

Then based on the weights of indicators and the mem-bership calculated by the experts the fuzzy comprehensiveevaluation can be described as

B

= (0125 sdot sdot sdot 0089 sdot sdot sdot 0004 sdot sdot sdot 0010 sdot sdot sdot 0074)

times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

025 030 010 025 010sdot sdot sdot

010 025 035 025 015sdot sdot sdot

005 025 015 035 020sdot sdot sdot

000 035 035 025 005sdot sdot sdot

010 025 025 025 020

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (0049 0151 0305 0342 0153)

(9)

According to the results of fuzzy comprehensive eval-uation it is known that the membership of ldquovery lowrdquolevel of community sustainable construction is 0049 themembership of the ldquobelow averagerdquo level of communitysustainable construction is 0151 the membership of theldquoaveragerdquo level of community sustainable construction is0305 the membership of the ldquoabove averagerdquo level ofcommunity sustainable construction is 0342 and the ldquoveryhighrdquo level of community sustainable construction is 0153Therefore according to t maximummembership principle ofFCE the community sustainable construction of Min XingGarden is ldquoabove averagerdquo It has not yet reached the standardof ldquovery highrdquo level and there is still room for improvement

5 Discussion

In order to pursue sustainable development appropriatesustainability measurement at the local scale is criticalHowever few efforts have been made in this regard [18]Thisstudy establishes the index system which is different frommost other studies and uses ANP to assign weights to theselected indicators By evaluating the evaluation results ofthe index system we can identify the relative importance ofthe impact factors of community sustainable developmentMeanwhile combining evaluation of cases used FCEmethodproviding good guidelines for Chinarsquos community sustainableconstruction and urban sustainable agenda

Through the research results similar to past researchresults it is found that the communityrsquos environmentalconstruction plays a very important role in the sustainabledevelopment of the community [25] including natural envi-ronment living conditions public traffic resource consump-tion and solid waste management Relative to other indica-tors natural environment and public traffic play importantroles in the sustainability of the community The wonderfulcommunity environment will help improve the quality ofpeoplersquos lives and it will also promote the sustainable devel-opment of the communityMeanwhile the communityrsquos goodtransportation facilities system will improve the convenienceof peoplersquos lives Therefore environmental construction isstill a very important part of the sustainable development ofcommunities

Second economic factors neglected or underestimated inprevious studies are important for community sustainability


Table 6 The weight of each indicator

Factor Factor weight Indicator Indicator weight No

C1 Economic potential 0370

C11 Housing price 0125 1C12 Regional advantage 0047 11

C13 Employment opportunity 0039 13C14 Economic vitality 0070 6C15 Governance mode 0089 2

C2 Environmental construction 0298

C21 Natural environment 0089 3C22 Living conditions 0058 8C23 Public traffic 0077 4

C24 Resource consumption 0047 12C25 Solid waste management 0023 16

C3 Social development 0117

C31 Culture life 0004 20C32 Supporting facility 0027 14C33 Supporting service 0014 17

C34 Informatization degree 0008 19C35 Community security 0060 7

C36 Community participation 0004 21

C4 Building performance 0220

C41 Building structural 0010 18C42 Building function 0057 9C43 Building quality 0054 10C44 Floor area ratio 0026 15C45 Building density 0074 5

[25] In this study it is believed that economic factors are avery important part of sustainable community developmentThey not only involve the current housing price regionaladvantage and employment opportunity but also involve thecommunityrsquos economic vitality and the governance mode ofcommunity operations Judging from the weighted resultsof various indicators the housing price and governancemode are the two most important indicators that affectcommunity sustainable development Reasonable housingprices can increase the access rate of the community andthemodel of community governance affects the sustainabilityof community operations Therefore in the process of sus-tainable community construction do not underestimate theimportant role of economic factors and focus on factors suchas housing prices community geographical advantages andproviding good employment opportunities for residents incommunity construction

Furthermore the factor of building performance hasbecome an important factor affecting the sustainable con-struction of the community Building density and buildingfunction are relatively more important than other factorsFor residents they pay more attention to the comfort ofthe residence and the function of the buildings Howeverthe social development of community construction such asculture life supporting facility supporting service informa-tization degree community security and community par-ticipation are less important than other factors which isclosely related to the current economic development modein China Peoplersquos increasingly busy work makes residentsoften neglect the participation in community activities and

the interaction of community residents Nevertheless fromthe long-term perspective residents not only pay attentionto living conditions but also will be more and more satisfiedwith the harmonious and friendly community cultureThere-fore the social development aspect of future communityconstruction will become a very important part of thecommunity sustainable construction

6 Conclusion

Study on the evaluation of community sustainable devel-opment mainly involves the evaluation of a single aspector the special area This paper establishes a ldquorichness-fairnessrdquo indicator system The system not only is concernedabout the current factors but also takes into account thefuture direction of the sustainable community In additionwithout being limited by the data we have taken a morecomprehensive consideration of various factors that affectthe sustainable construction of communities and provided atheoretical basis for our country to carry out comprehensivecommunity construction

In this paper a hybrid evaluation model is implementedto evaluate urban community sustainable construction Thishybrid evaluation model takes full advantages of ANP andFCE ANPnot only considers the correlation between variousfactors but also can give feedback to the entire model forma network relationship and be more in line with the actualsituation of the decision-making process Meanwhile FCEuses the principle of fuzzy relation synthesis to quantifysome factors that have unclear boundaries and are difficult


to quantify making the evaluation result more objective andin line with the actual situation Therefore in this study theANP-FCE comprehensive evaluation method can combinequalitative and quantitative factors expand the amount ofinformation increase the number of evaluations and makethe evaluation conclusions credible

However community development is an ever-changingprocess Standards of sustainable communities and peoplersquosneeds for sustainable communities will change with timeand the environment Therefore we need to continue toconsider some other factors such as residentsrsquo quality andvalue orientation and improve and optimize the evaluationsystem of urban community sustainable construction abilityMoreover the ANPmodelrsquos data inputs rely on expert scoringused in the traditional ANP method which leads to thecomparison results of the index factors being too subjectiveIn the future we can also develop more advanced evaluationtechnology

Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study areavailable from the corresponding author upon request

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interestregarding the publication of this paper The mentionedreceived funding in the Acknowledgments did not lead to anyconflicts of interest

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Key RampD Pro-gram of China (no 2016YFC0701600)The authors sincerelythank some experts who provided some technical guidancefor this research

References

[1] N Dempsey G Bramley S Power and C Brown ldquoThe socialdimension of sustainable development Defining urban socialsustainabilityrdquo Sustainable Development vol 19 no 5 pp 289ndash300 2011

[2] L Shen C Shuai L Jiao Y Tan and X Song ldquoA globalperspective on the sustainable performance of urbanizationrdquoSustainability vol 8 no 8 2016

[3] F Li X Liu D Hu et al ldquoMeasurement indicators and anevaluation approach for assessing urban sustainable develop-ment a case study for Chinarsquos Jining Cityrdquo Landscape andUrbanPlanning vol 90 no 3-4 pp 134ndash142 2009

[4] I Baud S Grafakos M Hordijk and J Post ldquoQuality of life andalliances in solid waste management Contributions to Urbansustainable developmentrdquo Cities vol 18 no 1 pp 3ndash12 2001

[5] F Tonnies J Harris andM Hollis Community and society Theurban sociology reader 13 edition 1887

[6] A Friedman Sustainable and ResourcemdashEfficient Homes andCommunities Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute2017

[7] U V Nam Transforming our world The 2030 agenda forsustainable development 2015

[8] J Gardner and M Roseland ldquoActing locally communitystrategies for equitable sustainable developmentrdquo Alternatives-perspectives on society technology and environment vol 16 no3 pp 36ndash48 1989

[9] T Archibald G Sharrock J Buckley and N Cook ldquoAssump-tions conjectures and other miracles The application ofevaluative thinking to theory of change models in communitydevelopmentrdquo Evaluation and Program Planning vol 59 pp119ndash127 2016

[10] J R Billings ldquoCommunity development A critical review ofapproaches to evaluationrdquo Journal of Advanced Nursing vol 31no 2 pp 472ndash480 2000

[11] A M Winther ldquoCommunity sustainability a holistic approachto measuring the sustainability of rural communities in Scot-landrdquo International Journal of Sustainable DevelopmentampWorldEcology vol 24 no 4 pp 338ndash351 2017

[12] L Rashidpour S J F Hosseini M Chizari and S MMirdamadi ldquoA community-based management model for theimplementation sustainable development in rural areas of IranrdquoAfrican Journal of Agricultural Research vol 6 no 1 pp 84ndash882011

[13] S Chandra ldquoAn evaluation of urban community developmentin IndiardquoCommunity Development Journal vol 9 no 3 pp 191ndash202 1974

[14] H Bonsor A MacDonald V Casey R Carter and P WilsonldquoTheneed for a standard approach to assessing the functionalityof rural community water suppliesrdquo Hydrogeology Journal vol26 no 2 pp 367ndash370 2018

[15] L U Smith ldquoCommunity engagement framework for commu-nity assessment and improvement planningrdquo Journal of PublicHealth Management and Practice vol 23 no 4 pp S22ndashS282017

[16] Z Linying Z S Yongzhang Wei and X Yanjun Establishmentof Index System of Green Community Sustainable Developmentvol 05 Yunnan Geographic Environment Research 2006

[17] W Yuan P James K Hodgson S M Hutchinson and C ShildquoDevelopment of sustainability indicators by communities inChina A case study of Chongming County Shanghairdquo Journalof Environmental Management vol 68 no 3 pp 253ndash261 2003

[18] Y Lu Y Geng Z Liu R Cote and X Yu ldquoMeasuring sustain-ability at the community level An overview of Chinarsquos indicatorsystem on National Demonstration Sustainable CommunitiesrdquoJournal of Cleaner Production vol 143 pp 326ndash335 2017

[19] E C Delmelle E Morrell T Bengle J Howarth and JSorensen ldquoThe effectiveness of Habitat for Humanity as aneighborhood stabilization program The case of CharlotteNorth Carolinardquo Community Development vol 48 no 4 pp527ndash545 2017

[20] S Awerbuch andWAWallace ldquoAGoal-Setting and EvaluationModel for Community Developmentrdquo IEEE Transactions onSystems Man and Cybernetics vol 7 no 8 pp 589ndash597 1977

[21] S McGuinness A Bergin and A Whelan ldquoUsing monitoringdata to assess community development Evidence from IrelandrdquoLocal Economy vol 32 no 6 pp 539ndash564 2017

[22] D Shiyong and L Mengxia ldquoThe Research of OptimizationStrategies of Evaluation System for Chinese Sustainable Devel-opmentrdquo Journal of Human Settlements in West China pp 112ndash117 2014


[23] T Tenbensel ldquoMultiple modes of governance Disentanglingthe alternatives to hierarchies andmarketsrdquo PublicManagementReview vol 7 no 2 pp 267ndash288 2005

[24] S Li and E Y Zhou ldquoResearch of Community GovernanceMode Based on Coordinationrdquo in Proceedings of 2010 Interna-tional Conference on Public Administration X N Zhu and S RZhao Eds pp 406ndash410 Univ Electronic Science amp TechnologyChina Press Chengdu China 2010

[25] Y Han L Dai X Zhao D Yu and S Wu ldquoConstruction andapplication of an assessment index system for evaluating theeco-communityrsquos sustainabilityrdquo Journal of Forestry Researchvol 19 no 2 pp 154ndash158 2008

[26] F Baker and J Intagliata ldquoQuality of life in the evaluation ofcommunity support systemsrdquo Evaluation and Program Plan-ning vol 5 no 1 pp 69ndash79 1982

[27] Z Chuanbin D W Xin Rusong and H Jinlou ldquoIndicators forevaluating sustainable communities a reviewrdquo Acta EcologicaSinica vol 16 pp 4749ndash4759 2011

[28] Q Feng X Liu L Tang L Shi J Jiang andX Su ldquoResearch on aconnotation and assessment index systemof eco-communitiesrdquoInternational Journal of Sustainable Development amp WorldEcology vol 24 no 6 pp 524ndash531 2017

[29] G W Silavwe ldquoFrom our correspondent(i) community devel-opment programmes in Zambia An evaluation and assessmentof eventsrdquo Community Development Journal vol 19 no 3 pp167ndash175 1984

[30] T Meirong G Jixi Z Biao and Q Qing ldquoStudy on assessmentindex system of ecological communityrdquo in Research of Environ-mental Sciences vol 20 pp 87ndash92 Research of EnvironmentalSciences 2007

[31] M Snijder A Shakeshaft A Wagemakers A Stephens and BCalabria ldquoA systematic review of studies evaluating Australianindigenous community development projects The extent ofcommunity participation their methodological quality andtheir outcomesHealth behavior health promotion and societyrdquoBMC Public Health vol 15 no 1 article no 1154 2015

[32] N Iroz-Elardo ldquoHealth impact assessment as community par-ticipationrdquo Community Development Journal vol 50 no 2 pp280ndash295 2015

[33] J Zhang B Ai and J-h Xu ldquoA Study on Evaluation of Eco-logical Community Based on Principal Component AnalysisMethodmdashA case study within outer ring road of Shanghai Cityrdquoin Ecologic Science vol 4 p 011 2005

[34] C Wei ldquoNew Ideas of Ecological Community and Explorationof Human Settlement Environmentrdquo Architectural Journal pp59ndash61 2002

[35] B F Ruan and H R Wu ldquoUrban Sustainable DevelopmentCapacity Evaluation Model Research and Application Basedon entropy and distance functionsrdquo in Proceedings of the inProceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on ComputersInformatics H Liang and W Wang Eds pp 157ndash164 AtlantisPress Paris 2015

[36] S Wismer ldquoFrom the ground up Quality of life indicators andsustainable community developmentrdquo Feminist Economics vol5 no 2 pp 109ndash114 1999

[37] I Epstein T Tripodi and P Fellin ldquoCommunity developmentprogrammes and their evaluationrdquo Community DevelopmentJournal vol 8 no 1 pp 28ndash36 1973

[38] D E Voth ldquoAn Evaluation of Community Development Pro-grams in Illinoisrdquo Social Forces vol 53 no 4 pp 635ndash647 1975

[39] J Schuchter andD P Jutte ldquoA framework to extend communitydevelopment measurement to health and well-beingrdquo HealthAffairs vol 33 no 11 pp 1930ndash1938 2014

[40] S Hsueh and M Yan ldquoEnhancing Sustainable CommunityDevelopments A Multi-criteria Evaluation Model for EnergyEfficient Project Selectionrdquo Energy Procedia vol 5 pp 135ndash1442011

[41] T Luo X Xue and L Wang ldquoEvaluating Urban SustainableDevelopment Using Cloud Modelrdquo in Proceedings of the Inter-national Conference on Construction and Real Estate Manage-ment 2017 pp 87ndash95 Guangzhou China

[42] W Lijun L Y Ting Tianjun and W Xiaoming ldquoThe Study ofTechnological Innovation Ecosystem Evaluation of Resource-based Citiesrdquo Scientific Management Research vol 03 pp 72ndash75 2016

[43] W Lijun L Ting andM Shuqin ldquoConstruction of the Evalua-tion Index System on Information Service Quality of UniversityWebsitesrdquo Information Science vol 05 pp 114ndash117 2016

[44] W-C Huang C-H Jhong and J-F Ding ldquoKey factors influ-encing sustainable development of a green energy industry inTaiwanrdquoMathematical Problems in Engineering vol 2013 2013

[45] T L Saaty ldquoFundamentals of the analytic network processrdquo inProceedings of the 5th international symposium on the analytichierarchy process 1999

[46] X Guang B Mingying G Yang and Y Yang ldquoThe ANPEvaluation for Government Information Disclosure DegreeBased on Public Demandsrdquo Information Science vol 08 pp 89ndash93+98 2016

[47] T L Saaty ldquoAnalytic network processrdquo Encyclopedia of opera-tions research and management science pp 64ndash72 2013

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

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International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences


Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018


Decision SciencesAdvances in


AnalysisInternational Journal of


Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom


and public health [14 15] it is relatively rare to conductsustainable development research from the perspective of thewhole community Some studies have proposed an evaluationindex system and consider that the importance of eachindicator is consistent or even ignore the weight of indicatorthis method does not meet the actual situation[16] Mean-while most of the previous index systems use quantifiableindicators as the evaluation criteria and use the relativelymacroscopic panel data for evaluation [17 18] The datanamely population growth rate and average annual growthrate of GDP are relatively easy to obtain but they are toomacro and cannot be used as a typical indicator to measuresustainable development of the community Therefore thismethod of selecting indicators that are limited by data cannotfully reflect the comprehensiveness of community sustainabledevelopment

To solve the problem of the commonality of indicatorsand calculation methods this study proposes a systematicevaluation system from the perspective of qualitative analysisthe systemdoes not consider the limitations of data collectionfactors and it provides a more scientific indicator systemCombining previous research results practical experienceand expertsrsquo opinions from the perspective of the funda-mental factors and development goals that influence thesustainable construction of the community the study buildsa community sustainable development evaluation systemand develops a hybrid ANP-FCE evaluation method thattransforms qualitative research into quantitative researchThis method not only can consider the mutual influencebetween indicators but also better solves the problem thatthe indicator is difficult to quantify which provides goodguidance for decisionmakers andmanagers in the sustainabledevelopment of the community

2 An Overview of the CriticalFactors for Urban CommunitySustainable Construction

21 Analysis of Urban Community Construction Cities areimportant space carriers for regional economic developmentand social progress With the development of social econ-omy the worldrsquos population is increasingly concentrated incities The level of urbanization is widely considered to bean important symbol of economic development and socialprogress in a country or region The community is a productof the process of urbanization It is a miniature unit ofthe city and integrates society space organization life andhistory[34] The community refers to the social life com-munity formed by people gathered in a certain geographicalarea[16] they are social groups with similar cultural char-acteristics and have a common organization and commonliving space[34] With the improvement of living standardspeoplersquos requirements for residential area standards havebeen continuously improved and the continuous progressof urbanization processes and other factors require thetransformation and upgrading of traditional communitiesThe function of the community should not only be to solvethe problem of peoplersquos residence Under the basic conditions

of providing safe buildings for residents it should also createa clean and comfortable living environment for residentsand provide convenient and good community services and avariety of cultural life[10] Therefore the issue of communityconstruction problem has become an important issue thatpeople cannot ignore

22 Factors Analysis for Urban Community Sustainable Con-struction Sustainable development is an important issue inthe world care as an important product of urbanizationthe community is the important base for the country toimplement the strategy of sustainable development[35] Andthe sustainable development of the community is a crit-ical keyword to improving the quality of life[36] Basedon the concept of the community it combines a varietyof social economic environmental and cultural conflictsthus forming a kind of social-economic-natural complexecosystem[37] Because community sustainable developmentis of great importance to the harmonious development of asociety and people the indicators and assessment models areneeded to set criterion and some research and explorationon evaluation of community sustainable construction havealready been concerned

Chandra (1974) had conducted the evaluation of urbancommunity development problem in 1974 and proposedthat area development is the main factor to influence thecommunity sustainable construction[13] After that manyresearchers improve this point of view and put forward somespecific indicators such as the elements of socioeconomicand demographic factors[20] community economic devel-opment labour market programmes[21] and outdoor andindoor environment[28] These influencing factors are basi-cally studied from economic and environmental indicatorsWith the deepening of research people pay more attentionto the humanistic environment of the community and alongwith the proposal of green communities and ecologicalcommunities the standards for the buildings have alsochanged Some research findings indicate that communitysustainable development is correlated with improvementsin elite participation[38] social services community lifecultural identity[29] and community participation[31 3239]The building standard needs to meet the requirements ofgreen building[28] especially the aspects of energy efficientand building function [40]

In order to understand the factors needed for the sustain-able development of the community this study first collectedsome relevant factors from the literature And then thecurrent direction of sustainable community construction alsowas obtained from the interviews of five university professorswith relevant research experience According to the resultsof the literature review 12 primary indicators were obtainedincluding economic development resource consumptionenergy use urban demand residentsrsquo needs resources andenvironment social development ecological architectureinfrastructure construction cultural environment commu-nity security and community management At the same time53 secondary indicators also have been acquired such as percapita GDP per capita living area per capita possession ofroad area green space rate building density unemployment








C15 Governance mode



[23 24]
















[22]










Literature review

Expert opinion



ANP method

FCE method

Fuzzy evaluation












W =

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

11988211986211119862111198821198621211986211 11988211986245

11986211

11988211986211119862121198821198621211986212 11988211986245

11986212

11988211986211119862131198821198621211986213 11988211986245

11986213

11988211986211119862431198821198621211986243 11988211986245

11986243

11988211986211119862441198821198621211986244 11988211986245

11986244

11988211986211119862451198821198621211986245 11988211986245

11986245

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(1)






Control

hierarchyN

etwork

hierarchy



ＬＣＮＬＣ０1





1198881indicates


w =[[[[[[[

11990811988811198881119908119888211988811199081198883119888111990811988841198881

11990811988811198882119908119888211988821199081198883119888211990811988841198882

11990811988811198883119908119888211988831199081198883119888311990811988841198883

11990811988811198884119908119888211988841199081198883119888411990811988841198884

]]]]]]]

(2)

A =[[[[[[

11988611119886121198861311988614

119886211198862222311988624

11988631119886321198863311988634

11988641 11988642 11988643 11988644

]]]]]]

(3)

119882 =W times A (4)


1198821015840 = lim119903997888rarrinfin119882119903 (5)




2




1 1198912 1198913 1198914 1198915 where 119891

1means very






1198911

1198912

1198913

1198914

1198915

11986211

119903111

119903112

119903113

119903114

119903115

11986212

119903121

119903122

119903123

119903124

119903125

11986213

119903131

119903132

119903133

119903134

119903135

11986214

119903141

119903142

119903143

119903144

119903145

11986215

119903151

119903152

119903145

119903154

119903155





11=








1198771=[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

119903121119903122119903123119903124119903125

119903131119903132119903133119903134119903135

119903141119903142119903143119903144119903145

119903151119903152119903153119903154119903155

]]]]]]]]]

(6)

R =[[[[[[

1198771

11987721198773

1198774

]]]]]]=

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211119903212119903213119903214119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(7)






21 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

31 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

41 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

45)

times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211 119903212 119903213 119903214 119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (1198871 1198872 1198873 1198874 1198875)

(8)


4 Empirical Study










B


times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

025 030 010 025 010sdot sdot sdot

010 025 035 025 015sdot sdot sdot

005 025 015 035 020sdot sdot sdot

000 035 035 025 005sdot sdot sdot

010 025 025 025 020

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (0049 0151 0305 0342 0153)

(9)


5 Discussion






















6 Conclusion






Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References
























































Journal of












Journal of







Volume 2018






Volume 2018















C15 Governance mode



[23 24]
















[22]










Literature review

Expert opinion



ANP method

FCE method

Fuzzy evaluation












W =

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

11988211986211119862111198821198621211986211 11988211986245

11986211

11988211986211119862121198821198621211986212 11988211986245

11986212

11988211986211119862131198821198621211986213 11988211986245

11986213

11988211986211119862431198821198621211986243 11988211986245

11986243

11988211986211119862441198821198621211986244 11988211986245

11986244

11988211986211119862451198821198621211986245 11988211986245

11986245

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(1)






Control

hierarchyN

etwork

hierarchy



ＬＣＮＬＣ０1





1198881indicates


w =[[[[[[[

11990811988811198881119908119888211988811199081198883119888111990811988841198881

11990811988811198882119908119888211988821199081198883119888211990811988841198882

11990811988811198883119908119888211988831199081198883119888311990811988841198883

11990811988811198884119908119888211988841199081198883119888411990811988841198884

]]]]]]]

(2)

A =[[[[[[

11988611119886121198861311988614

119886211198862222311988624

11988631119886321198863311988634

11988641 11988642 11988643 11988644

]]]]]]

(3)

119882 =W times A (4)


1198821015840 = lim119903997888rarrinfin119882119903 (5)




2




1 1198912 1198913 1198914 1198915 where 119891

1means very






1198911

1198912

1198913

1198914

1198915

11986211

119903111

119903112

119903113

119903114

119903115

11986212

119903121

119903122

119903123

119903124

119903125

11986213

119903131

119903132

119903133

119903134

119903135

11986214

119903141

119903142

119903143

119903144

119903145

11986215

119903151

119903152

119903145

119903154

119903155





11=








1198771=[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

119903121119903122119903123119903124119903125

119903131119903132119903133119903134119903135

119903141119903142119903143119903144119903145

119903151119903152119903153119903154119903155

]]]]]]]]]

(6)

R =[[[[[[

1198771

11987721198773

1198774

]]]]]]=

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211119903212119903213119903214119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(7)






21 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

31 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

41 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

45)

times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211 119903212 119903213 119903214 119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (1198871 1198872 1198873 1198874 1198875)

(8)


4 Empirical Study










B


times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

025 030 010 025 010sdot sdot sdot

010 025 035 025 015sdot sdot sdot

005 025 015 035 020sdot sdot sdot

000 035 035 025 005sdot sdot sdot

010 025 025 025 020

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (0049 0151 0305 0342 0153)

(9)


5 Discussion






















6 Conclusion






Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References
























































Journal of












Journal of







Volume 2018






Volume 2018









Literature review

Expert opinion



ANP method

FCE method

Fuzzy evaluation












W =

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

11988211986211119862111198821198621211986211 11988211986245

11986211

11988211986211119862121198821198621211986212 11988211986245

11986212

11988211986211119862131198821198621211986213 11988211986245

11986213

11988211986211119862431198821198621211986243 11988211986245

11986243

11988211986211119862441198821198621211986244 11988211986245

11986244

11988211986211119862451198821198621211986245 11988211986245

11986245

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(1)






Control

hierarchyN

etwork

hierarchy



ＬＣＮＬＣ０1





1198881indicates


w =[[[[[[[

11990811988811198881119908119888211988811199081198883119888111990811988841198881

11990811988811198882119908119888211988821199081198883119888211990811988841198882

11990811988811198883119908119888211988831199081198883119888311990811988841198883

11990811988811198884119908119888211988841199081198883119888411990811988841198884

]]]]]]]

(2)

A =[[[[[[

11988611119886121198861311988614

119886211198862222311988624

11988631119886321198863311988634

11988641 11988642 11988643 11988644

]]]]]]

(3)

119882 =W times A (4)


1198821015840 = lim119903997888rarrinfin119882119903 (5)




2




1 1198912 1198913 1198914 1198915 where 119891

1means very






1198911

1198912

1198913

1198914

1198915

11986211

119903111

119903112

119903113

119903114

119903115

11986212

119903121

119903122

119903123

119903124

119903125

11986213

119903131

119903132

119903133

119903134

119903135

11986214

119903141

119903142

119903143

119903144

119903145

11986215

119903151

119903152

119903145

119903154

119903155





11=








1198771=[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

119903121119903122119903123119903124119903125

119903131119903132119903133119903134119903135

119903141119903142119903143119903144119903145

119903151119903152119903153119903154119903155

]]]]]]]]]

(6)

R =[[[[[[

1198771

11987721198773

1198774

]]]]]]=

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211119903212119903213119903214119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(7)






21 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

31 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

41 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

45)

times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211 119903212 119903213 119903214 119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (1198871 1198872 1198873 1198874 1198875)

(8)


4 Empirical Study










B


times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

025 030 010 025 010sdot sdot sdot

010 025 035 025 015sdot sdot sdot

005 025 015 035 020sdot sdot sdot

000 035 035 025 005sdot sdot sdot

010 025 025 025 020

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (0049 0151 0305 0342 0153)

(9)


5 Discussion






















6 Conclusion






Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References
























































Journal of












Journal of







Volume 2018






Volume 2018













Control

hierarchyN

etwork

hierarchy



ＬＣＮＬＣ０1





1198881indicates


w =[[[[[[[

11990811988811198881119908119888211988811199081198883119888111990811988841198881

11990811988811198882119908119888211988821199081198883119888211990811988841198882

11990811988811198883119908119888211988831199081198883119888311990811988841198883

11990811988811198884119908119888211988841199081198883119888411990811988841198884

]]]]]]]

(2)

A =[[[[[[

11988611119886121198861311988614

119886211198862222311988624

11988631119886321198863311988634

11988641 11988642 11988643 11988644

]]]]]]

(3)

119882 =W times A (4)


1198821015840 = lim119903997888rarrinfin119882119903 (5)




2




1 1198912 1198913 1198914 1198915 where 119891

1means very






1198911

1198912

1198913

1198914

1198915

11986211

119903111

119903112

119903113

119903114

119903115

11986212

119903121

119903122

119903123

119903124

119903125

11986213

119903131

119903132

119903133

119903134

119903135

11986214

119903141

119903142

119903143

119903144

119903145

11986215

119903151

119903152

119903145

119903154

119903155





11=








1198771=[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

119903121119903122119903123119903124119903125

119903131119903132119903133119903134119903135

119903141119903142119903143119903144119903145

119903151119903152119903153119903154119903155

]]]]]]]]]

(6)

R =[[[[[[

1198771

11987721198773

1198774

]]]]]]=

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211119903212119903213119903214119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(7)






21 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

31 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

41 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

45)

times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211 119903212 119903213 119903214 119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (1198871 1198872 1198873 1198874 1198875)

(8)


4 Empirical Study










B


times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

025 030 010 025 010sdot sdot sdot

010 025 035 025 015sdot sdot sdot

005 025 015 035 020sdot sdot sdot

000 035 035 025 005sdot sdot sdot

010 025 025 025 020

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (0049 0151 0305 0342 0153)

(9)


5 Discussion






















6 Conclusion






Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References
























































Journal of












Journal of







Volume 2018






Volume 2018










1198911

1198912

1198913

1198914

1198915

11986211

119903111

119903112

119903113

119903114

119903115

11986212

119903121

119903122

119903123

119903124

119903125

11986213

119903131

119903132

119903133

119903134

119903135

11986214

119903141

119903142

119903143

119903144

119903145

11986215

119903151

119903152

119903145

119903154

119903155





11=








1198771=[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

119903121119903122119903123119903124119903125

119903131119903132119903133119903134119903135

119903141119903142119903143119903144119903145

119903151119903152119903153119903154119903155

]]]]]]]]]

(6)

R =[[[[[[

1198771

11987721198773

1198774

]]]]]]=

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211119903212119903213119903214119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

(7)






21 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

31 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

41 sdot sdot sdot 1198861015840

45)

times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

119903111119903112119903113119903114119903115

sdot sdot sdot119903211 119903212 119903213 119903214 119903215

sdot sdot sdot119903311119903312119903313119903314119903315

sdot sdot sdot119903411119903412119903413119903414119903415

sdot sdot sdot119903451119903452119903453119903454119903455

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (1198871 1198872 1198873 1198874 1198875)

(8)


4 Empirical Study










B


times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

025 030 010 025 010sdot sdot sdot

010 025 035 025 015sdot sdot sdot

005 025 015 035 020sdot sdot sdot

000 035 035 025 005sdot sdot sdot

010 025 025 025 020

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (0049 0151 0305 0342 0153)

(9)


5 Discussion






















6 Conclusion






Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References
























































Journal of












Journal of







Volume 2018






Volume 2018















B


times

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

025 030 010 025 010sdot sdot sdot

010 025 035 025 015sdot sdot sdot

005 025 015 035 020sdot sdot sdot

000 035 035 025 005sdot sdot sdot

010 025 025 025 020

]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

= (0049 0151 0305 0342 0153)

(9)


5 Discussion






















6 Conclusion






Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References
























































Journal of












Journal of







Volume 2018






Volume 2018


























6 Conclusion






Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References
























































Journal of












Journal of







Volume 2018






Volume 2018











Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References
























































Journal of












Journal of







Volume 2018






Volume 2018









































Journal of












Journal of







Volume 2018






Volume 2018








research on the hybrid anp-fce approach of urban community

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