research opportunities using iris and other seismic data resources john taber, incorporated research...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data
resources
John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
Michael Wysession, Washington University
![Page 2: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview• Hands on
– Estimating seismic hazard using IRIS Earthquake Browser
• Discovering a predictive mathematical model
• Demo– Exploring regional tectonics using focal mechanisms– Recording and analyzing data from an educational
or research-grade seismometer– Viewing a set of seismograms from an earthquake– USArray ground motion visualizations– Understanding earthquakes via a simple physical
model
![Page 3: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Estimating seismic hazard
Research problem
You and your partner have been asked to compare the seismic hazard in two regions to determine which is safer for building a new manufacturing plant.
1.What type of data would you need to collect to make the comparison?
2. How could you express your findings in a quantitative way?
![Page 4: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Earthquake hazard from a single fault
•Would like to know
•How often do the biggest earthquakes occur?
•When will the next big one occur?
•Extend earthquake history with geologic record
![Page 5: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Earthquake recurrence along a single fault
Sieh et al., 1989
With a partner:
Determine when the next Pallett Creek earthquake is going to occur.
Can you estimate the uncertainty in your answer?
![Page 6: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Earthquake recurrence along a single fault can be highly variable: probabilities hard to assess
M >7: mean = 132 yr
Standard deviation = 105 yr
Estimated probability of next earthquake in 30 yrs is 7-51%
-> Nearly Random!
Sieh et al., 1989
![Page 7: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How can we deal with unpredictable nature of individual faults?
Try regional approach
•Use the rate of earthquake occurrencein one time period to forecast earthquake activity in another time period
•Combine results from multiple faults
•Consider more than just the biggest earthquakes
![Page 8: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IRIS Earthquake Browser - www.iris.edu/ieb
![Page 9: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IRIS Earthquake Browser - www.iris.edu/ieb
• Can use for introduction to plate tectonics– Explore plate boundaries
– Turn plate boundary lines on and off
– Interactive 3D viewer
• General exploration of spatial distribution of local and regional seismicity
![Page 10: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Estimating seismic hazard
Steps:• Select a region of the world that is of interest to you • Interrogate the earthquake catalog to determine the
number of events that occur in a 25 year period– Set the Time Range
– Set the Magnitude Range
• In an Excel spreadsheet, record the total number of events for each magnitude range
• Determine the number of earthquakes/year for each magnitude range
• Plot the magnitude range vs the number of earthquakes/year
![Page 11: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IRIS Earthquake Browser - www.iris.edu/ieb
![Page 12: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Questions to discuss with a partner
• Given the range of the data, what sort of plot gives the clearest representation of the data?
• Do you see any patterns or trends in your data?
• How does your plot compare to your partner’s plot of a different region?
• What is the likelihood of earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or greater and 7.0 or greater occurring in the next year in the 2 regions?
• What is the likelihood of these events occurring in the next 100 years in each region?
![Page 13: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Earthquakes, Magnitude >3.5, 1973-2007
![Page 14: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Earthquakes, Magnitude >3.5, 1973-2007
![Page 15: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ear
thqu
akes
/yea
r
Magnitude
California (blue) and Eastern US Earthquakes (red)
![Page 17: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Gutenberg-Richter Plot
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
1000.00
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5
Magnitude
Number/Year
California Eastern US Expon. (California) Expon. (Eastern US)
How often does a M6 earthquake occur?
![Page 19: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Gutenberg-Richter Plot
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
100.00
1000.00
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5
Magnitude
Number/Year
California Eastern US Expon. (California) Expon. (Eastern US)
How often does a M7 earthquake occur?
![Page 20: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Real, imperfect data set
![Page 21: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Interpretation questions
• How can you use the seismicity information to estimate which of your two regions would be a safer choice for the manufacturing plant mentioned at the beginning of the exercise?
• What are some assumptions, limitations, and potential sources of error in drawing conclusions about long-term seismic hazard using the above technique?
![Page 22: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/office/hough/east-vs-west.jpg
Ground shaking from a magnitude 5 earthquake in the east is approximately equivalent to that of a magnitude 6 earthquake in the west.
Virginia M 5.8
California 6.5
Going from seismicity rate to ground shaking
![Page 23: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
USGS National Seismic Hazard Map
Submitted draft exercise explores hazard map
![Page 24: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Exploring regional tectonics
using focal
mechanisms
• Visual sorting of normal, reverse, and strike-slip mechanisms
• Can explore distribution in a subduction zone• IRIS main menu: Data and Software > Products
– Select Moment Tensors, then Quick links– http://www.iris.edu/spud/momenttensor
• Focal mechanism animation available
![Page 25: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Recording
and
analyzing seismic
data
using jAmaseis
• Real time data streaming and simple analysis– Simple filtering, arrival picking, locations, magnitudes
![Page 26: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Recording
and
analyzing seismic
data
using jAmaseis
• Real time data streaming and simple analysis– Simple filtering, arrival picking, locations, magnitudes
• Up to 3 data streams can be viewed and stored locally– Local or remote educational seismographs– Any global research station received and stored
in the IRIS Data Management Center
![Page 27: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Recordings from the
Global
Seismic
Network
• Real time data streaming and simple analysis
![Page 28: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Potential seismograph-related research topics
• Local seismograph calibration and sensitivity– Distance/magnitude relationship
• Alan Kafka
– Analyzing seismic data to find what earthquakes were recorded and then learning about the tectonics of each region
• Dave Voorhees’ student
– Finding the best recording location
![Page 29: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Rapid
Earthquake
Viewer
• Developed and maintained by Univ S. Carolina
![Page 30: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Understanding
earthquakes via
a si
mple
physical
model
• Earthquake machine
• Simple data collection and analysis leads to very similar result to real earthquake catalog
![Page 31: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
USArray
Ground
Motion
Visualizations
• Visualizations exist for all parts of lower 48
• 1D and 3D versions
![Page 32: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
EPO
web
page from
www.iris.edu
• Feedback?• Comments?• Questions?
![Page 33: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
EXTRAS
![Page 34: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
USArray
Ground
Motion
Visualizations
• Visualizations exist for all parts of lower 48
![Page 35: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Investigating
Earth structure
using tomographic
models
• Select a region and a submitted velocity model and generate a cross section
• Fate of slabs • Crustal and upper mantle thickness under
mountain ranges
![Page 36: Research opportunities using IRIS and other seismic data resources John Taber, Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Michael Wysession, Washington](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649eca5503460f94bd7e63/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Selection from focal
mechanism
ani
mation