research paper

Running Head: Obstacles of Obesity 1

Pre-Campaign Research & Report

The Obstacles of Obesity

COMM 4406

Dr. Trammel

Jasmine Sams

Ashleigh Bing

Patrice Rogers

Savannah State University


Background

The United Way is a not-for-profit, volunteer-driven organization committed to

improving lives by mobilizing the caring power of communities around the world to advance the

common good. The United Way has nearly 1,800 community offices in 45 countries and

territories. The UWCE serves four counties: Bryan, Chatham, Effingham, and Liberty. UWCE

focuses on four “impact areas” in the community, education and youth development, health and

wellness, economic independence, and basic human needs. The UWCE in partnership with local

organizations: Big Brothers and Big Sisters of the Coastal Empire, Inc., YMCA of Coastal

Georgia, Chatham County Department of Family and Children Services, and others work to

implement and find funding for programs to function in the community.

The issue of childhood obesity, falling under the impact area of health and wellness, in

America has become a significant issue igniting the efforts of local United Way’s across the

country. Over the past 30 years, one in three children is considered obese in America. As stated

by Anzeljc and Murrary, the highest risk factor for childhood obesity is parental obesity (Anzeljc

and Murrary 2011). Educating parents of the affected children on how to implement positive

changes, which can be made daily without inconvenience, is a step towards a positive turn

around in their lives and surrounding communities. Myles Faith, chairman of the American Heart

Association said, "In many cases, the adults in a family may be the most effective change agents

to help obese children attain and maintain a healthier weight. (Allen, 2012)"According to the

United Way (2008), a goal was set to increase the number of youth and adults engaging in

healthy lifestyle and avoiding risky behavior by 2018.


Glanz, Rimer and Viswanath wrote, “The rising prevalence of childhood obesity could

place the United States at risk of raising the first generation of children to live sicker and die

younger than their parents”. The United Way of the Coastal Empire is committed to creating a

shift in the community that will combat the truth of this. The growth rate of childhood obesity is

caused by more than one source of issue and must be from home, the community, and the media.

The challenges facing obese children affect their quality of life, in turn affecting the success of

the community. The leading risk behaviors that lead to obese children are shown to be

disproportionately higher in low-income and disadvantaged communities. According to the

United States Census 2009, 16.3 percent of people in Chatham County qualify as living below

poverty level. The United Way and its partnerships in the community help provide funding to

programs in need of assistance.

While children are the effected group of such risky behaviors, poor eating habits, lower

activity, miss-education of healthy alternatives, Allen said, “childhood obesity is a result of two

broken systems: family and educational.” In Chatham County, 18,010 reported to be female, no

husband present, households (census.gov, 2010). That is 17.5 percent of these homes are

functioning without having two parents, leaving the children to be at a greater disadvantage.

These two areas are the center focus of this campaign and the United Way of the Coastal Empire.

Many single parent homes are recipients of government assistance such as, welfare, food stamps,

and WIC. Dejectedly, as reported by the Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS,

2006), 30.9% of low-income children, receiving WIC, between 2-5 years in Georgia are obese.

The PedNSS evaluates weight status of children from low-income families participating in the

government assisted program WIC.


The United Way, on an international, national, and local front is continuing its efforts to

afford the next generation and generations to come a well informed and guided life. Many of the

issues facing youth and adults today can be changed with the combined efforts of the

community. Childhood obesity does not advance the common good, but implementing counter

active PR campaigns, such as this, aid in rectifying the path that is currently being followed to

one of prosperity in health and longevity in life. It is not the United Way alone but through

partnership, advocacy, donors and volunteers the vision of United Way and its believers will

come to fruition.

Methodology

The purpose of this research is to increase awareness within children and their parents of

the consequences of childhood obesity. This research will probe areas of healthier lifestyles.

Proper food choices and beneficial physical activities are some example of the probed areas. The

sample consists of parents of school-aged children and a focus group of school-aged girls in Girl

Scout Troop #30500 in Savannah, Georgia.

Sample Size and Selection

There will be a sample size of 100 non-random convenient parent surveys and one focus

group that consists of 6 to 12 girls. Surveys will be distributed in the physically and virtually

through email via GoogleDocs. Parents were selected as the target sample because they create

the fundamental lifestyles of the children. Finances affect the opportunity to eat healthy and

unhealthy eating contributes to the difficulties of physical activity.

Sample Selection Technique


In most instances, children in low- income neighborhoods and communities may not have

the financial ability to purchase healthier foods due to their parent’s income or work schedule

and as a result they also may not be able to participate in physical activities. Based on the results

of the study “Assessment of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Education Needs of Low-

Income, Rural Mothers: Can Technology Play a Role?” low-income, rural mothers were aware

of and practiced many health behaviors related to nutrition and physical activity, but they faced

additional barriers due to their income level, rural place of residence, and having children

(Atkinson, Billing, at el, 2007).

Location and Time of Research

Surveys will be conducted throughout the community and virtually beginning on January

25, 2012. Parents of Girl Scout Troop will be surveyed on January 28th

at the Bacon Park Golf

Complex at 2pm. The focus group will also be conducted at the golf complex at 3pm. At 5pm

more parents will be surveyed at the Bacon Park Soccer Complex. On Sunday, January 29th

,

parents of St. John Missionary Baptist Church will be surveyed at both 8am and 11am.

The virtual survey will be considered snowball sampling. Parents will be encouraged to

forward the survey to every parent in their email contacts. In return, parents will continue to

spread the email amongst the city and county to participate in the study.

The findings of the primary research define who, what, and why the problem of obesity

in Savannah and Chatham County exists. It will also give data to support the planning and

implementation of an information awareness obesity campaign.


Findings

The process of primary research began on Wednesday, January 25th

and ended on

Sunday, January 29th

of 2012. There were 100 surveys completed. There were 50 completed

physically and 50 completed virtually via GoogleDocs. Survey participation locations included:

Bacon Park Golf Complex, Bacon Park Soccer Complex, and St. John Missionary Baptist

Church.

Parents of school-aged children participated in the study to give thoughts, opinions, and

experiences about obesity. The survey included: open and closed-ended questions, barometer

scale, dichotomous, and likert-scale questions. Subjects such as lifestyles, eating habits, opinions

about food purchasing, physical activity efforts, and demographics were covered within the

research questions.

Physical Activity

Contrary to “popular” belief, not all people (especially children) are obese because they

do not exercise. The study showed that 83% of children participate in recess during school, 62%

participate in sports (basketball, golf, football, soccer, and etc.), and 52% of parents exercise

with their children.


Eating Habits

As far as eating healthy, 61% of parents allow their children to eat sugary and fatty foods

once a week, 66% feel that eating fast food once a week is appropriate, 36% of parents purchase

healthy or organic foods, and 43% of parents sometimes purchase healthy or organic foods.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Recess Sports Parents Exercise with Kids

83%

62%

52%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Sugary or Fatty Foods Once a Week

Fast Food Once a Week Purchase Healthy & Organic Foods

Sometimes Purchase Healthy & Organic Foods

61% 66%

36% 43%


The Problem

The perceptions that arise that conclude that children are obese because they lack

physical activity, eat too many sugars and fats, eat too much fast food, or that their parents do

not purchase healthy and organic foods is a total misconception. However, what is true is that

85% of parents feel that healthy and organic foods are too expensive. It was also concluded that

62% of parents would purchase more healthy and organic foods if they had coupons.

Demographics

Our demographic findings concluded that 85% of the parents that participated in the

study were of female, 83% of those females were of African-American decent averaging the age

of 40, and 51% of the given females made less than 20,000 per year.

Focus Group

A focus group at the Bacon Park Golf Complex was conducted with seven school-aged

girls from Girl Scout Troop #30500 in Savannah, Georgia at 5pm. Their ages ranged from 6-13.

The girls were asked various questions pertaining to their health such as: favorite foods,

participation in sports, and how often they exercise. All favorite food choices were those of high

sodium and fats, such as hamburger helper. However, every participant enjoyed eating both fruits

and vegetables. All except one participant participates in sports which range from gymnastics to

soccer. They were also aware of the importance of abiding by the food pyramid.

The findings of this study draw many conclusions. The perceptions of obesity amongst

children and their parents definitely have fault within Savannah and Chatham County.


Major Conclusion

There are many conclusions that can arise within the given study. The most obvious

conclusion is that childhood obesity in Savannah and Chatham is not caused by the lack of

physical activity and the unwillingness to purchase and eat healthy and organic foods. Parents

have the desire to purchase healthy foods but simply cannot afford to. Parents that already

purchase healthy and organic foods are not able purchase an adequate amount because of the

price of the food. Majority of the parents that participated in the study has an annual household

income of less than 20,000.

If parents cannot purchase healthy foods then physical activity is irrelevant when it

comes to obesity. To maintain good health, one must eat healthy as well as involve themselves in

the appropriate physical activities. Majority of children participate in recess at school and play

outside everyday but when they go home they are left to eat foods such as hamburger helper

which is high in fat and sodium. The physical activity that the children engaged in has just taken

three steps back by consuming that meal. The same applies to parents that exercise with their

children.

It is imperative that athletes get the proper nutrition that is needed to excel in their

respective sport. Sports require a large amount of cardiovascular activity (especially basketball,

football, soccer, and swimming). Eating vegetables once per week will not have the same effect

as if it would if it was eaten on the daily basis. The participants from the Girl Scout Troop stated

their favorite meals but also stated that they enjoyed eating fruits and vegetables. Is that because

that is what they are used to eating on the daily basis? Meals like hamburger helper, a participant

of the focus group’s favorite food, are very convenient and inexpensive.


Financial struggles are the core reasons for obesity in the Savannah and Chatham County

area. Recommendations will be made to help find solutions to this problem.

Recommendations

The problem has been identified, concluded, and now recommendations are going to be

suggested. Since the financial struggle to buy healthy and organic foods exists, solutions to this

problem should be planned and implemented. This problem can be fixed by: providing coupons,

lowering prices, and destroying brand loyalty mindsets.

Providing couponing was recommended 62% of parents who participated in the obesity

study. Partnerships with supermarkets and grocery stores should be established to determine the

leniency of distributing coupons for healthy and organic foods. Parents would be more

encouraged to purchase healthy foods involves incentives (buy one, get one free). This strategy

will help parents save and make them more excited and willing to purchase healthy and organic

foods.

Lowering prices is also another strategy to make healthy foods more affordable. Perhaps

writing a proposal to the corporate office of a local grocery store stating the problem and

showing data displaying the problem. Although all of its chain stores may not lower its prices,

the stores that are located in poverty-stricken areas may. The store will be lowering its prices but

will also be gained sales because residents in that area can afford to buy the food which will

balance its losses and gains.

The last strategy is to destroy brand loyalty mindsets. Some parents may only purchase

brands that they are familiar with, which can be more expensive, instead of what is affordable for

them. Destroying brand loyalty mindsets will allow the buyer to get more for their money and in


return able to purchase more healthy and organic foods. Brand loyalty mindsets are a hindrance

on many buyers and can limit their decisions in the buying process.

All of the above recommendations will be beneficial to the prevention of obesity. If

financial struggles with healthy and organic foods diminish, more parents and their children will

be able to obtain the healthy lifestyles that they desire.


References Allen, E. (2012, January 24). Childhood Obesity: The Shame of America. Atlanta Active

Lifestyle Examiner. Atlanta, Ga, United States of America.

Atkinson, N. L., Billing, A. S., Desmond, S. M., Gold, R. S., & Tournas-Hardt, A. (2007).

Assessment of the nutrition and physical activity education needs of low-income, rural

mothers: Can technology play a role? Journal of Community Health, 32(4), 245-67.

doi:10.1007/s10900-007-9047-7

Karen Glanz, B. K. (2008). Health Behavior and health education: theory, research and

practice. San Francsico: Jossey-Bass.

NICHQ. (2007). Childhood Obesity Action Network. Retrieved January 23, 2012, from

nichq.org/obesityactionnetwork:

http://www.nichq.org/pdf/ArchivedStateFactSheets/Georgia03.pdf

Stein, J. (2012, January 23). The Bellingham Herald. Retrieved January 24, 2012, from

www.bellinghamherald.com:

http://www.bellinghamherald.com/2012/01/23/2363141/study-getting-the-family-

involved.html

U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics.

Washington, D.C.: American Fact Finder.

United Way of the Coastal Empire. (2011). Our Work: UWCE. Retrieved January 23, 2012, from

uwce.org: www.uwce.org

United Way Worldwide. (2012, January). About: United Way Worldwide. Retrieved January 23,

2012, from liveunited.org: http://liveunited.org/

Zani, G. (2010). Childhood and Adolescent Obesity: A Growing Epidemic. Pharmacy Times

76(6), 60-61.


Appendix

PRSSA Childhood Obesity Campaign

Savannah State University

INTRODUCTION

In collaboration with the Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA) and

Savannah State University, you have been chosen to be a part of a study to implement a

campaign for childhood obesity. PRSSA is a national student-based organization that enables

future Public Relations Practitioners to gain the necessary experience and training to pursue a

career in public relations.

PURPOSE

PRSSA annually hosts the national Bateman Case Study Competition. Each college or

university with an existing PRSSA chapter is eligible to participate in the national competition.

This year Savannah State University’s PRSSA chapter is participating in the Bateman Case

Study Competition. Case study subjects vary each year. This year, the competition’s case study

is childhood obesity awareness. Each team from each respective college or university chapter of

PRSSA will be required to plan and implement a marketing campaign for childhood obesity

awareness. The campaign includes researching target audiences, planning, implementing, and

evaluating the results of the campaign.


RISK/BENEFITS

There are no risks involved with participating in this survey. The benefits are: To

increase awareness in children and their parents about childhood obesity, build a positive

relationship with grade school students who participate in the program, and to apply our

knowledge as PRSSA members, and SSU students to make a difference in a child’s life.

CONFIDENTIALITY

All responses gathered from this evaluation will be confidential and you may choose to

withdraw your consent at any time.

CONTACT INFORMATION

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Jasmine Sams, Savannah State

University student in the Department of Mass Communications, at

[email protected] or (912) 665-2030.

STATEMENT OF CONSENT

I have read the given information and I choose to allow my child to participate in

this study.

I do not agree to allow my child to participate in this study.

mailto:[email protected]


______________FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

What is your “HEALTHY” Lifestyle?

1) How would you rate your lifestyle?

A. Very Healthy

B. Healthy

C. Somewhat Healthy

D. Not Healthy At All

2) How concerned are you about your health?

A. Very Concerned

B. Concerned

C. Somewhat Concerned

D. Not At All Concerned

3) How concerned are you about your child’s health?

A. Very Concerned

B. Concerned

C. Somewhat Concerned

D. Not At All Concerned

4) Do you enjoy eating large amounts of sugar or fatty foods?

A. Yes

B. No

5) How often do you and your children eat large amounts of sugar or fatty foods?

A. 5 or more times per week

B. 3 or more times per week

C. 2 or more times per week

D. Once a week

6) How often do you feel is appropriate to eat fast food?

A. Once A Month

B. Once A Week

C. 3 times per week

D. 5 times per week

7) Do you purchase healthy or organic foods?


A. Yes

B. No

8) Do you feel that healthy or organic foods are too expensive?

A. Yes

B. No

9) I would purchase healthy or organic foods if:

A. I had coupons

B. I had a sufficient income

C. I lived near a grocery store that sold those products

D. I already purchase healthy and organic foods

10) Do your children have recess during school?

A. Yes

B. No

11) If so, how often?

A. Everyday

B. Less than 3 times per week

C. Never

12) How often do your children play outside?

A. Everyday


C. Never

13) Do they play any sports?

A. Yes

B. No

14) If they play sports, which sports do they play?

15) How often do they play that sport?

A. Everyday


C. Once per week

16) Do you exercise with your children?

A. Yes

B. No

C. Sometimes

17) If so, how often do you do it?

A. 5 or more times per week

B. 3 times per week

C. 2 times per week


D. Once a week

18) Would you be concerned if your child was overweight?

A. Yes

B. No

19) If you have daughters, how many do you have?

A. 4 or more

B. 3

C. 2

D. 1

20) Do you have any sons?

A. Yes

B. No

21) If you have sons, how many do you have?

A. 4 or more

B. 3

C. 2

D. 1

22) Which do you like the most? TV or Radio?

A. TV

B. Radio

23) How often do you watch TV or listen to the Radio?

A. Everyday

B. 3 times per week

C. 2 times per week

D. Once a week

24) Do you attend any local city council meetings?

A. Yes

B. No

25) Do you watch your local news?

A. Always

B. Sometimes

C. Never

26) Age _____________

27) Age range of your children?

A. 0-5

B. 6-11

C. 12-16

D. 16 and above

28) My children are in (circle all that apply):

A. Elementary School


B. Middle School

C. High School

D. All three

29) Gender

A. Male

B. Female

30) What is your annual household income?

A. 100,000 or more

B. 99,000-75,000

C. 74,000-45,000

D. 44,000-20,000

E. Less than 20,000

31) Ethnicity

A. African-American

B. Caucasian

C. Hispanic/Latino

D. Other ______________


PRSSA Childhood Obesity Campaign

Nutrition and Physical Activity Focus Group

Good afternoon and welcome. Thank you for taking the time out to join our discussion about

childhood obesity. My name is Jasmine Sams, and I will be the moderator for today’s discussion.

Assisting me will be Patrice Rogers. The purpose for today’s discussion is to get information

from you about your thoughts about obesity, proper nutrition, and the importance of physical

activities. Patrice and I are here to answer questions, listen and make sure that everyone has a

chance to share their thoughts and opinions. We have a tape recorder here so that we will not

miss any comments. Your names will be asked during the discussion but no names will be

revealed in any reports gathered from today’s session.

1) What is your favorite food? How often do you eat your favorite food?

2) Do you enjoy eating fruits and vegetables? How many times a week do you eat fruits and

vegetables?

3) Do you play any sports? If so, what sports do you play?

4) How many times a week do you exercise?

5) Do your parents exercise with you?

6) Do you have brothers or sisters or both?

7) Do you enjoy TV or Radio?

8) How often do you watch TV or listen to the Radio?

9) Have you ever seen the Food Pyramid or know exactly what it is?

10) Are you satisfied with your weight?

11) How do you feel about obesity and is a struggle to overcome your weight?

12) What ways can you overcome your struggle with your weight?


WINKS 31 Day Trial January 31, 2012

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This is UNLICENSED software. Purchase WINKS SDA at www.texasoft.com.

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Frequency Tables C:\Program Files (x86)\TexaSoft\WINKS7\parent data.SDA

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Number of records in data set = 100

Frequency Table for LIFESTYLE

Cumulative Cumulative

LIFESTYLE Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

HEALTHY 25 25.0 25 25.0

NOT HEALTHY AT ALL

1 1.0 26 26.0

SOMEWHAT HEALTHY

67 67.0 93 93.0

VERY HEALTHY

7 7.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for CONCERNED_ABOUT_HEALTH


CONCERNED_ABOUT_HEALTH

Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

CONCERNED 23 23.0 23 23.0

NOT AT ALL CONCERNED

5 5.0 28 28.0

SOMEWHAT CONCERNED

2 2.0 30 30.0

VERY CONCERNED

70 70.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for CHILD_S_HEALTH


CHILD_S_HEALTH Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

CONCERNED 11 11.0 11 11.0

NOT AT ALL CONCERNED

4 4.0 15 15.0

SOMEWHAT CONCERNED

2 2.0 17 17.0

VERY CONCERNED

1 1.0 18 18.0

VERY CONCERNED


82 82.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for LARGE_AMOUNTS_OF_SUGAR_OR_FATS


LARGE_AMOUNTS_OF_SUGAR_OR_FATS


-----------------------------------------------------------

NO 22 22.0 22 22.0

SOMETIME 1 1.0 23 23.0

SOMETIMES 29 29.0 52 52.0

YES 48 48.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for CHILDREN_EAR_SUGARS_OF_FATS


CHILDREN_EAR_SUGARS_OF_FATS


-----------------------------------------------------------

2 OR MORE TIMES/WEEK

22 22.0 22 22.0


9 9.0 31 31.0


8 8.0 39 39.0

ONCE A WEEK 61 61.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for FAST_FOOD


FAST_FOOD Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

3 TIMES/WEEK

14 14.0 14 14.0

N/A 1 1.0 15 15.0

ONCE A MONTH

19 19.0 34 34.0

ONCE A WEEK 66 66.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for PURCHASE_OF_HEALTHY_FOODS

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


PURCHASE_OF_HEALTHY_FOODS


-----------------------------------------------------------

NO 21 21.0 21 21.0


SOMETIMES 43 43.0 64 64.0

YES 36 36.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for HEALTHY_FOOD_TOO_EXPENSIVE


HEALTHY_FOOD_TOO_EXPENSIVE


-----------------------------------------------------------

NO 15 15.0 15 15.0

YES 85 85.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for WOULD_PURCHASE_HEALTHY_FOODS_IF_


WOULD_PURCHASE_HEALTHY_FOODS_IF_


-----------------------------------------------------------

I ALREADY PURCHASE HEALTHY AND ORGANIC FOODS

22 22.0 22 22.0

I HAD COUPONS

62 62.0 84 84.0

I HAD SUFFICIENT INCOME

12 12.0 96 96.0

I LIVED NEAR A GROCERY STORE THAT SOLD THOSE PRODUCTS

4 4.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for CHILDREN_RECESS_DURING_SCHOOL


CHILDREN_RECESS_DURING_SCHOOL


-----------------------------------------------------------

N/A 1 1.0 1 1.0

NO 16 16.0 17 17.0

YES 83 83.0 100 100.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Frequency Table for HOW_OFTEN


HOW_OFTEN Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

EVERYDAY 80 80.0 80 80.0

LESS THAN 3 TIMES/WEEK

3 3.0 83 83.0

N/A 11 11.0 94 94.0


NEVER 6 6.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for CHILDREN_PLAY_OUTSIDE


CHILDREN_PLAY_OUTSIDE


-----------------------------------------------------------

EVERYDAY 81 81.0 81 81.0

EVVERYDAY 1 1.0 82 82.0


7 7.0 89 89.0

N/A 2 2.0 91 91.0

NEVER 5 5.0 96 96.0

NO 4 4.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for CHILDREN_PLAY_SPORTS


CHILDREN_PLAY_SPORTS


-----------------------------------------------------------

N/A 3 3.0 3 3.0

NO 30 30.0 33 33.0

SOMETIMES 5 5.0 38 38.0

YES 62 62.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for WHICH_SPORTS


WHICH_SPORTS Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

BASEBALL 1 1.0 1 1.0

BASKETBALL 9 9.0 10 10.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

FOOTBALL 19 19.0 29 29.0

GOLF 7 7.0 36 36.0

N/A 40 40.0 76 76.0

SOCCER 12 12.0 88 88.0

SWIMMING 3 3.0 91 91.0

TENNIS 7 7.0 98 98.0

TRACK 1 1.0 99 99.0

VOLLEYBALL 1 1.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for HOW_OFTEN_A



HOW_OFTEN_A Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

EVERYDAY 55 55.0 55 55.0


9 9.0 64 64.0

N/A 34 34.0 98 98.0

ONCE PER WEEK

2 2.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for EXERCISE_WITH_CHILDREN


EXERCISE_WITH_CHILDREN


-----------------------------------------------------------

NO 29 29.0 29 29.0

SOMETIMES 19 19.0 48 48.0

YES 52 52.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for HOW_OFTEN_C


HOW_OFTEN_C Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

2 TIMES/WEEK

10 10.0 10 10.0

3 TIMES/WEEK

8 8.0 18 18.0


4 4.0 22 22.0

N/A 31 31.0 53 53.0

ONCE A WEEK 47 47.0 100 100.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Frequency Table for CONCERNED_IF_CHILD_WAS_OVERWEIGH


CONCERNED_IF_CHILD_WAS_OVERWEIGH


-----------------------------------------------------------

NO 3 3.0 3 3.0

YES 97 97.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for TV_OR_RADIO


TV_OR_RADIO Frequency Percent Frequency Percent


-----------------------------------------------------------

RADIO 30 30.0 30 30.0

TV 70 70.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for HOW_OFTEN_D


HOW_OFTEN_D Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

2 TIMES/WEEK

1 1.0 1 1.0

3 TIMES/WEEK

2 2.0 3 3.0

EVERYDAY 97 97.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for ATTEND_CITY_COUNCIL_MEETINGS


ATTEND_CITY_COUNCIL_MEETINGS


-----------------------------------------------------------

NO 86 86.0 86 86.0

SOMETIMES 8 8.0 94 94.0

YES 6 6.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for WATCH_LOCAL_NEWS

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


WATCH_LOCAL_NEWS


-----------------------------------------------------------

ALWAYS 70 70.0 70 70.0

NEVER 3 3.0 73 73.0

NO 3 3.0 76 76.0

SOMETIMES 24 24.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for AGE_RANGE_OF_CHILDREN


AGE_RANGE_OF_CHILDREN


-----------------------------------------------------------

0-5 15 15.0 15 15.0

12-16 19 19.0 34 34.0

16 AND ABOVE

17 17.0 51 51.0


6-11 49 49.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for SCHOOL_LEVEL


SCHOOL_LEVEL Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

COLLEGE 10 10.0 10 10.0

ELEMENTARY 66 66.0 76 76.0

HIGH 6 6.0 82 82.0

MIDDLE 17 17.0 99 99.0

N/A 1 1.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for GENDER


GENDER Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

FEMALE 85 85.0 85 85.0

MALE 15 15.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for HOUSEHOLD_INCOME

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


HOUSEHOLD_INCOME


-----------------------------------------------------------

100,000 OR MORE

6 6.0 6 6.0

100.000 OR MORE

2 2.0 8 8.0

20,000-45,000

16 16.0 24 24.0

45,000-75,000

19 19.0 43 43.0

75,000,-100,000

1 1.0 44 44.0

75,000-100,000

3 3.0 47 47.0

LESS THAN 20,000

51 51.0 98 98.0

N/A 2 2.0 100 100.0

Frequency Table for ETHNICITY



ETHNICITY Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

-----------------------------------------------------------

AFRICAN-AMERICAN

83 83.0 83 83.0

CAUCASIAN 9 9.0 92 92.0

OTHER 8 8.0 100 100.0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Variable Name is DAUGHTERS(N)

N = 142 Missing or Deleted = -42

Mean = 1.39437 St. Dev (n-1) = 0.83333

Median = 1.00 St. Dev (n) = 0.83039

Minimum = 0.00 S.E.M. = 0.06993

Maximum = 4.00 Variance = 0.69444

Sum = 198.00 Coef. Var. = 0.59764

Skewness = .043 Kurtosis = -.184

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-

Percentiles: Tukey Five Number Summary:

0.0% = 0.00 Minimum Minimum = 0.00

0.5% = 0.00 25th = 1.00

2.5% = 0.00 Median = 1.00

10.0% = 0.00 75th = 2.00

25.0% = 1.00 Quartile Maximum = 4.00

50.0% = 1.00 Median

75.0% = 2.00 Quartile

90.0% = 2.00

97.5% = 3.00

99.5% = 4.00

100.0% = 4.00 Maximum

Variable Name is SONS(N)


Mean = 1.21569 St. Dev (n-1) = 0.86558

Median = 1.00 St. Dev (n) = 0.86275

Minimum = 0.00 S.E.M. = 0.06998


Sum = 186.00 Coef. Var. = 0.71201

Skewness = .244 Kurtosis = -.617

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-


0.0% = 0.00 Minimum Minimum = 0.00

0.5% = 0.00 25th = 1.00

2.5% = 0.00 Median = 1.00

10.0% = 0.00 75th = 2.00


50.0% = 1.00 Median

75.0% = 2.00 Quartile

90.0% = 2.00


97.5% = 3.00

99.5% = 3.00

100.0% = 3.00 Maximum

Variable Name is AGE(N)


Mean = 39.82394 St. Dev (n-1) = 11.37766

Median = 40.00 St. Dev (n) = 11.33752

Minimum = 21.00 S.E.M. = 0.95479


Sum = 5655.00 Coef. Var. = 0.2857

Skewness = 1.356 Kurtosis = 2.344

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-


0.0% = 21.00 Minimum Minimum = 21.00

0.5% = 21.00 25th = 30.00

2.5% = 23.575 Median = 40.00

10.0% = 30.00 75th = 42.25


50.0% = 40.00 Median

75.0% = 42.25 Quartile

90.0% = 57.39999

97.5% = 78.00

99.5% = 80.00

100.0% = 80.00 Maximum

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